construction materials and concrete

properties laboratory

The subject of experiments:

Concrete mix and concrete tests .

Names of the group students:

. QAIS ALKHOUDARY .
. BASHAR ALHAWATMAH .
. HARETH ALTARAWNEH .
. BESHER ALMSAEAFA .

ENG : AMANI T ALMAJALI .

 Concret mix :

introduction
Designing concrete mixes means determining the relative values
of their components in accordance with the desired requirements
for a specific work. This is done using ratios that have proven
effective from experience and are called the positivistic ratio
It shall be by mathematical methods based on a technical basis,
including the properties of the materials used and the required
properties
In hardened concrete (such as the extent of resistance to loads or
resistance to wear) and the requirements that
Required by concrete industry steps such as suitable ease of
pouring and final leveling (finishing).
to the concrete surface. This is taking into account the economic
costs according to the type of construction work required.
These computational methods aim to use existing materials to
obtain concrete with properties
It is required in both soft and hardened cases, at the lowest costs,
and it can be considered that the strength of concrete
The pressure indicates the quality of the hardened concrete, and
the slump value reflects the quality of the concrete
The tenderness.
Determining the proportions of the concrete mix is one of the most
important factors that affect the quality of the concrete
Project economics. It is possible to obtain concretes of varying
quality and price, although
They all consist of the same materials. The relative economy of
concrete mixes depends on the prices of their components
And the wages of workers and transportation costs for those
components. Cement is one of the basic ingredients
Concrete, whose proportion and quality in the mixture greatly
affects its costs due to its high price
As for the rest of the components of the mixture, here are other
additives to the concrete mixture, except for the basic components
For concrete (coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement paste),
admixtures are usually used
To obtain certain qualities of concrete in its soft and hardened
states, and something will be touched upon
In detail about the components of the basic concrete mix and other
concrete admixtures through
The first chapter of the research and the second chapter will
contain details about the design of concrete mixtures and the road
Used in the design of normal strength concrete mixes and high
strength concrete mixes
Resistance .
 Concrete mix components :

The basic components of the concrete mix are :

1- cement .
2- fine aggregate .
3- coarse aggregate .
4- water .

mix data :

cement = 10 kg .
coarse aggregate = 21 kg .
medium aggregate = 12 kg .
sand aggregate = 13 kg .
water = 6 L .

Now we mix the materials with each other to create the concrete,
and then we do tests on it to check its quality .
 Concrete tests :

1 – slump test : to determine the running of concrete, so it is the most of it, and
in it an incomplete cone is filled with fresh concrete in a standard way on three
equal stations, then the cone is raised and the amount of concrete slump is
measured. In the event that shearing of the concrete occurs as in the test is
repeated, and if the shearing occurs repeatedly for the same mixture, this means
that the mixture is not cohesive due to the lack of gradation of the aggregates of the
mixture and that the test is not appropriate to determine its workability .The
strength test measures the degree of wetness of the mixture more than it measures
its ability to work. The higher the water content in the mixture, the greater its
slump, and the appropriate slump for concrete ranges between 30-100 mm) in the
usual works that require what is known as a plastic mixture, and dry mixes with
drop from 0-20 mm) in concrete slabs that compact with high efficiency, and wet
mixtures must be used where it is difficult or impossible to reach the concrete to
compact it efficiently, as in heavily armed slender beams or piles . Due to the
widespread use of water-reducing additives and high-efficiency additives, the
texture test is no longer the classic measure for determining the water content and
(w / c) ratio in the mixture as it was before, as it has become easy to obtain
crumbled mixtures with a drop of more than 200 mm. ) with extremely low water
content using Highly efficient additives. The strength test is also defective because it
may give the same slump value for completely different mixtures in mixing ratios,
and it does not differentiate between mixtures with low workability, as they may
not all give any slump, so it is preferable to resort to another test for concretes with
slump less than 25 mm) as noted Also, the same mixture may give a difference in
the slump value of up to 30 mm) according to the tester. Despite this, the strength
test is an excellent way to monitor the regularity of the properties of fresh concrete,
as any change in the proportions or quality of the mixture components or the
surrounding conditions changes the amount of concrete slump.

# In our experience the drop rate was 10 mm .

2 – compacting test : The test is carried out in the device shown, where fresh
concrete is poured into the upper cone and then left to fall freely to the lower cone
and then to the standard cylinder. The compaction factor is determined as the ratio
between the weight of the concrete that was filled .

The cylinder and the weight of the same concrete if it is completely compacted
inside the cylinder and the test is shown in the third part of Standard Specifications
No. (1658) and the values of the compaction factor range between 0.8 and 0.9 for
low workability concrete .

3 – ve be test : The idea of these tests depends on determining the amount of

work expended in order for the concrete to transform from one form to another,
and the most famous of these tests is the Vebe test, in which a standard cone of
fresh concrete is poured into the device, then a transparent disk is placed on top of
it, and the cone is shaken with a standard frequency and amplitude. With the
determination of the necessary time in seconds - which is known as the VB time -
until the bottom surface of the transparent disc is covered with mortar, and the use
of this test is more suitable for concretes whose VB time ranges between (5-30
seconds), and the VB device is considered the most suitable device To differentiate
between very dry mixtures, which are those whose VB time exceeds (12) seconds),
but it is not suitable for highly plasticized concretes with a time of less than (5)
seconds) and the difficulty of using the device is that it is not easy to determine the
time for the end of the test .

# In our experience it was 7 seconds .

 1- slump test :

2
–

compact factor test :

3-ve
be test :