Vocabulary

Choose the best term from the box.

• axis • point
• ordered pair

1. A(n) ? is either of two perpendicular

lines in a graph.

2. A(n) ? is an exact location in space.

3
In 2006, 13,000 rubber ducks raced in
3. A pair of numbers used to locate a point
the 2006 Rubber Duck Derby in Lake
Lanier, Georgia. Other locations across on a graph is called a(n) ? .
the U.S. had derbies that same year.
Which derby had more ducks than the
one in Georgia? You will find out in
Number Lines
Lesson 19-1.
Use the number line to answer 4 through 6.

4 California has some of the most popular

0 1 A B C 2

beaches for surfing in the world. How 4. Which point is halfway between 1 and 2?
many different combinations of a
wetsuit and a surfboard could a surfer 5. Which point is closest to 1 than to 2?
have? You will find out in Lesson 19-7.
6. Which point is closest to 2 than to 1?

Writing Fractions

7. If 3 out of 6 marbles are red, what fraction,

in simplest form, names the red marbles?
8. If 1 out of 5 apples is green, what fraction
names the part of the apples that are NOT
green?

Division Patterns

Writing to Explain Write an answer to

the question.
9. How is the number of zeros in the quotient
of 45,000 ⫼ 9 related to the number of
zeros in the dividend?

Topic 19 419

27291_418-419_FSD.indd 419 12/18/06 5:46:46 PM

 Lesson

19-1 Bar Graphs and grid paper

Picture Graphs
After–School Activities
How do you display data collected
SDAP 1.2 Organize ||||||||||||
Sports
from a count or measure?

| | | |
|
|
and display single-
variable data in ||||||||
Homework
appropriate graphs and Students were surveyed about what they do after
representations (e.g., |||||
histogram, circle graphs) school. The results were displayed in a bar graph. Chores
and explain which types ||||||||||
A bar graph uses rectangles (bars) to show and Other

|
of graphs are appropriate
for various data sets.
Also SDAP 1.3. compare data that tells how many or how much.

Another Example How can you make and interpret picture graphs?
Sonya gathered data about the number of ducks in some of the
2006 rubber duck derbies. Sonya listed the data in a frequency table.
Then she made a picture graph to display the data.

Rubber Duck Derbies, 2006

Location Congaree River, SC Lake Lanier, GA St. Louis Riverfront, MO Meinig Memorial Park, OR

Number of
Rubber Ducks 5,000 13,000 15,000 1,000

A picture graph uses pictures or symbols to represent data.

Each picture represents a certain amount in the data.

Rubber Duck Derbies, 2006

Location Number of Rubber Ducks

Congaree River, SC

Lake Lanier, GA

St. Louis Riverfront, MO

Meinig Memorial Park, OR

Key: ⫽ 1,000 rubber ducks

Explain It
1. Which is easier to interpret, a picture graph or a frequency table? Explain.

420

27291_420-422_420 420 9/13/07 7:58:12 PM

 Step 1 List the survey answers along one axis.
After-School Activities
Step 2 Choose an interval, the difference between 18
adjoining numbers on an axis. Label both axes.

Number of Students
15
Along the other axis mark the scale, the series of
numbers at equal distances. Begin with 0 and include 12
the least and greatest numbers in the survey results. 9

Step 3 Graph the data by drawing bars of the correct 6

length or height.
3
Step 4 Title the graph. 0
m ork hores er
ts Tea ew C Oth
Interpret the Graph Spor Ho
m
Most students play sports. The fewest number of Activities
students do chores.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 and 2, decide if a bar graph or picture 3. Could the data in the example of the bar
graph would better present the data. graph above be presented in a picture
graph? Explain.
1. The number of cats, dogs, and pet
birds in a neighborhood
4. How are bar graphs and picture graphs
similar? How are they different?
2. The number of cattle on three ranches

Independent Practice
In 5 through 8, answer the questions about
the picture graph shown to the right. Top 5 U.S. Cities by Population

5. How many people are represented by New York

each picture?
Los Angeles
6. What is the difference in populations
between the second most populated city Chicago
and the least populated city?
Houston
7. About how many people live in the two
most populated cities? Philadelphia

8. Can this data be presented in a bar Key: = 1 million people

graph? Explain.
Animated Glossary, eTools
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*For another example, see Set A on page 446. Lesson 19-1 421

27291_420-422_421 421 9/13/07 7:58:28 PM

 Problem Solving

In 9 through 12, use the bar graph.

Estimated Number of
9. What interval was used for the scale? Bald Eagle Pairs in U.S.
4,500

Number of Eagle Pairs

10. About how many more eagle pairs were 4,000
there in 1994 than in 1990? 3,500
3,000
2,500
11. Writing to Explain Based on the 2,000
graph, do you think the number of pairs 1,500
of eagles will increase or decrease? 1,000
Explain. 500
0
89 90 91 92 93 94
12. Between which 2 years did the number Year
of pairs of eagles increase the most?

In 13 through 15, use the frequency table.

Top 5 Destinations of U.S. Residents, 2004
13. If you were to draw a bar graph for
Destination Number of Travelers
this frequency table, what scale would
you use? Mexico 19,360,000

Canada 15,056,000
14. How many more U.S. residents visited
France than Italy in 2004? United Kingdom 3,692,000

15. Writing to Explain Why do you think France 2,407,000

more residents went to Mexico and Italy 1,915,000
Canada than the other destinations?

16. Julio bought 17. A school has

3 dozen eggs. He had 13 eggs left after 12 soccer teams with 10 students on
making egg salad for the picnic. Which each team. The school wants to have
shows how to find how many eggs only 8 soccer teams. Which shows how
Julio used? to find the number of students that
would be on each team if there were
A (13 ⫺ 12) ⫻ 3 C (13 ⫻ 12) ⫺ 3
only 8 teams?
B (12 ⫺ 3) ⫺ 13 D (3 ⫻ 12) ⫺ 13
A Multiply 10 by 8.
18. Point A represents which mixed number B Divide 120 by 8.
on this number line? C Divide 8 by 120.
D Multiply 12 by 8.
9 A 10

422

27291_420-422_422 422 10/30/07 9:50:13 AM

 Find each difference.

1. 5  6 2. 7  3 3. 3  4

4. 8  9 5. 10  2 6. 1  1

Find each product. Simplify if possible.

6
7. _12_  ___ 8. _25_  _15_ 9. _16_  _34_ 10. 8  _58_
10

1 1. _14_  _15_ 12. _38_  _14_ 9  ___

13. ___
10 10
1 14. _34_  _13_ 15. _56_  ___
1
10

Find each quotient. Simplify if possible.

16. 3_23_  1_56_ 17. 1_12_  1_13_ 18. 6  _78_ 5  1___

19. 1___
12
5
12

Error Search Find each answer that is not correct. Write it correctly
and explain the error.

20. 5 21. 28,403 22. 105 R3 23. 37.91 24. 50,000


3
3__  3 5
528  14.23  40
8
3 85,239 23.68 200,000
2__
8

Number Sense
Estimating and Reasoning Write whether each statement is true or false.
Explain your reasoning.
25. If a  0 and b  0, then a  b is negative.

26. The product of 25 and 2,002 is 50 less than 50,000.

27. The expression (64  8)  2  (25  5) is 50.

28. The sum of 22,256 and 43,008 is less than 65,000.

3 and 7__
29. The product of 6__ 1 is greater than 42.
5 9

30. The quotient of 13.8  2.1 is greater than 4 and less than 7.

Lesson 19-1 423

27291_423-423_001 423 12/21/06 6:02:22 PM

 Lesson

19-2 Histograms
How do you make and interpret a histogram?
A radio station recorded the ages of 25 callers in a phone survey.
SDAP 1.2 Organize and
display single-variable
This data can be shown by a histogram,
Age Frequency
data in appropriate graphs a bar graph that groups data into equal
and representations (e.g.,
histogram, circle graphs) intervals shown on the horizontal axis. 0–19 6
and explain which types
of graphs are appropriate
There is no space between the bars. 20–39 12
for various data sets.
Make a histogram to show the frequency 40–59 5
of data in each age interval. 60–79 2

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
1. The table shows the number of minutes 2. According to the histogram in Exercise 1,
25 students spent on homework each what fraction of the students surveyed
night. How would the lengths of the spent 30–59 minutes on homework
bars compare if you made a histogram each night?
to show the data?
3. In the example above, how can
Amount in
Minutes
Frequency you tell that _15_ of the people surveyed
were in the 40–59 age group ?
0–29 5
30–59 10
60–89 5
90–119 5

Independent Practice
4. The table shows the results of a class survey
Cell Phone Usage
about the amount of time students spend
on their cell phones each day. Copy and
Number of Students

complete the histogram shown at the right. 10

8
Amount in 6
Frequency
Minutes 4
2
0–9 6
0
10–19 8 0–9 10–19 20–29 30–39
20–29 10 Time in Minutes

30–39 6 Animated Glossary

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424 *For another example, see Set B on page 446.

27291_424-425_424 424 9/13/07 7:58:45 PM

 Step 1 List the age intervals Step 3 Graph the data Radio Survey
along the horizontal by drawing bars

Number of Callers
axis. of the correct 12
height. Title the 10
Step 2 Along the vertical graph.
8
axis mark the scale. 6
4
List the greatest
2
and least numbers 0
in the survey results. 0–19 20–39 40–59 60–79
Age of Callers
Choose an interval.
Label the axes.
Step 4 Interpret the graph. Twice as many people were in
the 20–39 age group as in the 0–19 age group. Most
people were in the 20–39 age group.
The group with the least number was the 60–79 age group.
Problem Solving

One class took a survey of the amount of money they spent

Money Spent on CDs
on CDs over 3 months and made a histogram of the results.
The histogram is shown at the right. 16
14

Number of Students
5. a How many students were surveyed? 12
b What fraction of students spent between 0 and 10
$9.99 on CDs? 8
6
c In which range of money spent did twice as many
4
students buy CDs than in the $20–$29.99 range?
2
0
9.9
9 .99 .99
0–$ 0 –$19 0 –$29
$1 $2
Amount

6. Reasoning Selma says that a histogram 7. On a coordinate grid, Sue drew a path
shows that 4 times as many people in the starting at (6, 2). She moved 2 spaces
21–25 age group answered the survey to the right and 3 units up. What is the
than in the 36–40 age group. How ordered pair for the point where she
does she know this from looking at the stopped?
histogram?

8. On a class trip, Harry spent $28. Nate 9. At 6 A.M., the temperature was ⫺5°F.
spent $6 less than Harry. Which By noon, the temperature had increased
expression could you use to find how by 12°F. What was the temperature
much both boys spent? at noon?
⫺
A 28 ⫹ 28 ⫹ 6 C 28 ⫺ (28 ⫹ 6) A 17°F C 7°F
B 28 ⫹ (28 ⫺ 6) D 28 ⫺ 28 ⫺ 6 B 7°F D ⫺12°F

Lesson 19-2 425

27291_424-425_425 425 10/30/07 9:51:52 AM

 Lesson

19-3 Circle Graphs

How can you use fractions and
percents to label a circle graph?
SDAP 1.2 Organize and A circle graph shows how all (100%) of
display single-variable
data in appropriate graphs a set of data has been divided into parts.
and representations (e.g.,
histogram, circle graphs) Each part is shown by a wedge (sector)
and explain which types of the circle. What fraction and percent
of graphs are appropriate
for various data sets. represents the part of each circle that
is shaded?

Another Example How can you make a circle graph to display data?

Sixty students were asked to name their favorite sport.

Favorite Sport
How could you use a circle graph to show the results?
Baseball 30
Step 1 Use fractions to find what part of the circle should represent Football 15
30 is
each category. Baseball was chosen by 30 out of 60, and ___
60 Soccer 6
1 or 50%. The wedge for baseball is half the circle.
__
2 Other 9
15 is __
Football was chosen by 15 out of 60, and ___ 1 or 25%.
60 4 Favorite Sport
1 of the circle.
The wedge for football is __
4
6 is ___
Soccer was chosen by 6 out of 60, and ___ 1 or 10%. Football
25%
60 10 Baseball
The remaining part represents students who chose ”other”. 50% Soccer
10%
It is ___ 3 or 15% of the circle.
9 or ___ Other
15%
60 20
1 __
__ 1 1
___
Step 2 Draw a circle with sectors for 2, 4, and 10. The remaining sector
3 . Label the sectors to show what each part of the circle
represents ___
20
represents. Often circle graphs are labeled with a percent.

Explain It
1. If 20 out of 60 students in the survey had chosen baseball,
what fraction would represent the part of the circle that should be
shaded to show the part of the students who chose baseball?
What percent is equivalent to the fraction?
2. In the circles at the top of the next page, how many of the
12.5% wedges would it take to equal a __ 1 wedge?
4
3. In the circle at the right, how many wedges should be shaded
to show 40%?

426

27291_426-428_426 426 9/13/07 7:57:29 PM

 In the first circle graph, _15_ or 20% is Some other useful fractions for circle graphs
shaded. In the second circle, _1_ or 4
are _13_, _16_, _18_, and ___
1.
10
25% is shaded.
1 1 1
5
or 20%
4
or 25% or 33 1 % 1
or 16 2 % 1
or 12 1 % 1
or 10%
3 3 6 3 8 2 10

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
Use the circle below to answer 1 and 2. 3. In a survey, 20 people out of 80 chose
apple. If you made a circle graph, which
sector shown in the example above
would represent apple?

4. Use the data below. Copy and label

1. If 4 parts of the circle were shaded, the graph. Label each sector with the
what fraction and percent would be correct color.
represented?
Favorite Color
2. If only 1 part were shaded, what Blue 3
fraction and percent would be Green 3
represented?
Red 6

Independent Practice
A restaurant offers four main course
Fraction Percent
choices on their dinner menu. One
evening the following choices were Chicken ■ ■
chosen by 20 customers: chicken, 10;
beef, 5; turkey, 3; ham 2. Beef ■ ■
5. Copy and complete the table at Turkey ■ ■
the right.
Ham ■ ■
6. Copy the circle graph at the
right and label each sector with Animated Glossary
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the correct main course.
*For another example, see Set C on page 447. Lesson 19-3 427

27291_426-428_427 427 9/13/07 7:57:34 PM

 Problem Solving

In two different surveys, students were asked

Favorite Type of Movie
to name their favorite type of movie. The results
are shown in the table at the right. Survey of Survey of
50 students 100 students
7. In which survey did _51_ of the students Comedy 10 25
pick comedy?
Animated 20 50
Adventure 20 25
8. In which survey did 50% of the students
choose animated movies? Survey of Survey of
50 students 100 students
9. Copy each circle graph and label it
with the type of movie and the percent.
You can remove the dashed lines in your
final graph.

10. Number Sense A circle graph is 11. A triangle has a height of 16 mm and a
divided into three sections. One section base of 6.4 mm. What is the area of the
equals 50%. The other two sections are triangle?
equal in size. What percent of the circle
A 22.4 mm2 C 51.2 mm2
does each of the other two sections
represent? B 44.8 mm2 D 102.4 mm2

12. Sonya spent $18 13. Renee mixed _34_ cup of lime juice,
for a book and $22 for a DVD. She paid _7_ cup of water, and _1_ cup of ice to
8 2
$2.40 in tax and received $7.60 in change.
make a limeade. Which is a reasonable
Which expression shows how to find the
total for the amount she mixed?
amount of money Sonya gave the clerk?
A 18 ⫹ 22 ⫹ 2.40 A Less than 1 cup

B 18 ⫹ 22 ⫺ 7.60 B Between 1_12_ cups and 2_12_ cups

C 18 ⫹ 22 ⫹ 2.40 ⫺ 7.60 C More than 2_12_ cups
D 18 ⫹ 22 ⫹ 2.40 ⫹ 7.60 D Less than 2 cups

14. A survey asked 200 people to name their favorite type of fruit.
The results were as follows: apple, 100; banana, 50; orange, 25;
other, 25. Which graph best represents the data?

A B C D
O

Apple
ra

Apple Orange
ng

Banana Apple Other Banana

e

Orange Other
Orange Banana Other
er

Apple
th
O

Banana

428

27291_426-428_428 428 9/13/07 7:57:41 PM

 Objects on Jupiter weigh about two and a y
Weight on Jupiter
half times as much as on Earth. 190

Approximate Pounds on Jupiter

1. Complete the table below and then 180
graph the values on the coordinate grid. 170
160
Earth
weight 50 55 ■ ■ ■ 75 150
Jupiter 140
weight ■ ■ 150 163 175 ■
(approx.) 130
120
2. If a dog weighs 75 pounds on Earth, 110
about how much would it weigh 100
on Jupiter? x
0 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90
3. If Tyler weighs 120 pounds on Jupiter, Pounds on Earth
about how much would he weigh
on Earth?

4. Complete this table using the graph y

Big Dipper
that shows the Big Dipper. A
10
B
Point Ordered Pair
9
8
C
7
A 6
D
5
B G
4
E
3
C 2
F
1
D x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
E
5. If you were to move this drawing of
F the Big Dipper 3 units to the right on
this grid, what would be the ordered
G
pair for point D?

6. Strategy Focus Examine the ordered pairs for Points C and E.

How do you know that a vertical line can connect those two
points? Explain how you decided.

Lesson 19-3 429

27291_429-429_429 429 9/13/07 7:58:39 PM

 Lesson Problem Solving

19-4 Make a Graph

grid paper

Data for a company’s sales of Number of Number of

Year
mountain bicycles and skateboards Bicycle Sales Skateboard Sales
MR 2.3 Use a variety of are shown in the table. Write two
methods, such as words, 2003 800 200
numbers, symbols, charts, statements that compare the sales 2004 900 400
graphs, tables, diagrams,
and models, to explain of bicycles and skateboards. 2005 1,000 800
mathematical reasoning.
Also SDAP 1.2. Make a line graph for each set of 2006 1,000 999
data to help you analyze the data. 2007 1,100 1,100

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
1. In a survey, students were asked to 3. In the example above, if the trend
name their favorite pet. Copy the circle continues, what can you say about the
below to make a circle graph to show sales of both bicycles and skateboards
the data. in 2008?

Dog Cat Bird Other 4. Write a Problem Write a real-world

problem that can be solved by making
12 6 4 2 a graph.

2. Make a bar graph to show the data in

Exercise 1.

Independent Practice
5. Mr. Lauer surveyed his students to find out what kind
of field trip they preferred. Make a bar graph to show
the data. Which field trip is most popular?

Field Trip Number of Votes

• What do I know?
Zoo 12
• What am I asked to find?
Aquarium 9
• What diagram can I use to help
Musical Play 5 understand the problem?
Mystery Play 4 • Can I use addition, subtraction,
multiplication, or division?
• Is all of my work correct?
6. Would a line graph be an appropriate graph in
• Did I answer the right question?
Exercise 5? Why or why not?
• Is my answer reasonable?

430 *For another example, see Set D on page 447.

27291_430-431_430 430 10/30/07 9:51:30 AM

 Plan and Solve Plan and Solve
The sales for
I can make a line graph for I can make a line graph for bicycles and
bicycle sales. skateboard sales. skateboards have
been increasing
Bicycle Sales Skateboard Sales over the years.
1200 1200 The difference

Number of Sales
Number of Sales

1000 1000 between the

800 800 number of
600 600 bicycle sales and
400 400 the number of
200 200 skateboard sales
0 0 is becoming
’03’04’05’06’07 ’03’04’05’06’07
smaller.
Year Year

A survey of 16 people recorded the number Histogram Circle graph

of books people read in a month. Joe made
Books Read by Books Read by
a histogram and Jean made a circle graph to 16 People in 1 Month 16 People
show the results. in 1 month
Number of People 8
Number of
people 8 6 2 6 3–5
0–2 Books
Number of 4
0–2 3–5 6–8 Books
books
2

7. Which graph makes it easy to see that 0

0–2 3–5 6–8 6–8
1 of the people read 2 or less books in the
__ Books
2 Number of Books
month? Which graph makes it easy to tell
the number of people in each category?

8. Writing to Explain Can you Bicycle and Skateboard Sales

tell from the histogram how
1,200
many people read 4 books?
1,000
Number of Sales

9. The data about bicycle sales and 800

skateboard sales at the top of
600
the page could also be shown
by a double-bar graph. Part of 400

thengraph is shown at the right. 200

Copy and complete the graph.
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10. A café sells turkey, roast beef, ham, Year
or cheese sandwiches; milk, water, ■ Bicycle ■ Skateboard
or juice; and yogurt or fruit. How
many different meals are possible eTools
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for a person who wants a sandwich,
drink, and dessert?
Lesson 19-4 431

27291_430-431_431 431 10/30/07 9:51:38 AM

 Lesson

19-5 Mean
How can data be described FINAL
9 10 SCORE
by a single number? 86 - (
95 , )
95
SDAP 1.1 Know the How can Carla find the average * ( - &
concepts of mean,
median, and mode; final score of five bowlers? 80 87 87
+ ' * )
compute and compare
simple examples to show The mean, or average, is the sum 77 84 84
that they may differ. of all the numbers in a set of data ( * + (
74 81 81
divided by the number of numbers ) )
in the set. 75 83 , (
83

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 through 7, find the mean for each set 8. Another team had 6 bowlers. Would
of data. the mean automatically decrease as
the number of bowlers increases?
1. 5, 4, 4, 9, 8 2. 19, 55, 34, 16
9. In the example above, how could the
3. 101, 105, 103 4. 8, 2, 11, 6, 8 mean be raised to 90?

5. 85, 70, 84, 91, 88, 92 10. Writing to Explain Dave said that
the mean of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 is 8. How
6. 205, 204, 398, 405, 894, 102 do you know this is incorrect without
finding the mean?
7. 28, 32, 36, 40, 42, 57, 58, 59

Independent Practice
In 11 through 22, find the mean for each set of data.

11. 2, 5, 4, 5 12. 5, 4, 6, 9, 11 13. 6, 17, 12, 11, 4, 6, 7

14. 89, 98, 101 15. 17, 30, 45, 46, 27 16. 13, 16, 19, 21, 26

17. 35, 45, 70 18. 40, 41, 54, 55, 66, 79, 43 19. 164, 198, 301

20. 7.6, 6.2, 6.0, 7.8, 7.4 21. 11, 8.3, 9.0, 3.7 22. 129, 8,002, 1,003, 866

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432 *For another example, see Set E on page 448.

27291_432-433_432 432 10/30/07 9:48:11 AM

 Step 1 Step 2
Add the final scores in the set of data. Divide the sum by the number of numbers
in the set.
430 ÷ 5 = 86
95
87 86
84 5
4 30
81 − 40
+ 83 30
430 sum − 30
0
The average, or mean, score for the
5 bowlers is 86.

Problem Solving

Meredith recorded her score for each game of miniature golf

she played. Use her scorecard for 23 through 25.

23. What was Meredith’s mean golf score?

Miniature Golf Scores

24. If Meredith had scored a 50 for the eighth Game 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

game, how much would her mean score
change? Score 52 56 49 51 54 52 60 58

25. In miniature golf, the lower the score is, 26. Geometry Which can be modeled by
the better the game. Meredith wants to light beaming from a lighthouse?
find the mean golf score of her four best
A Point C Ray
games. What is this mean score?
B Plane D Segment

27. Scientists have recorded the lengths 28. Estimation What is the approximate
of different species of hammerhead mean height of the 7 tallest peaks in
sharks. The lengths that have been Texas listed below?
recorded are 20 ft, 14 ft, 11 ft, and
7 ft. What is the mean length of the Peaks in Texas Height in Feet
hammerhead shark? Guadalupe Peak 8,749
A 12.5 ft C 17 ft Bush Mountain 8,631

B 13 ft D 52 ft Shumard Peak 8,615

Bartlett Peak 8,508
29. Reasoning A data set consisting of Mount Livermore 8,378
3 numbers has a mean of 24. If two of Hunter Peak 8,368
the numbers are 23 and 25, what is the
El Capitan 8,085
third number?

Lesson 19-5 433

27291_432-433_002 433 12/27/06 4:01:48 PM

 Lesson

19-6 Median, Mode, and Range

How can data be described CD Playing Times
by one number? Minutes Music Type
SDAP 1.1 Know the Trey listed, in order, the playing
concepts of mean, 59 Popular
median, and mode; times for the best-selling CD of
compute and compare
each music type. 61 Country
simple examples to show
that they may differ. 63 Blues
How can he describe the data
with one number? 63 Soundtrack
64 Gospel
67 Jazz
72 Classical

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 through 3, identify the median, mode, 4. What operation is used to find
and range for each set of data. the range?

1. 5, 7, 5, 4, 6, 3, 5
5. In the example at the top, how would
the median and mode change if the
2. 21, 21, 23, 32, 43 playing time for the Blues CD changed
to 61 minutes?
3. 13, 14, 14, 16, 17, 19
6. What would the range of playing times
For an even number of values, the be if the 72–minute CD was removed
median is the number halfway between
the two middle values. from the list?

Independent Practice
In 7 through 9, use the table at the right.
5-day Weather Forecast
7. What are the median, mode, and range
Day Temperature
for the data?
Monday 80°F
8. What would happen to the range if the Tuesday 80°F
temperature were 82°F on Monday? Wednesday 82°F
Thursday 84°F
9. If the data for Friday were removed
Friday 78°F
from the table, what would the median,
mode, and range be?

Animated Glossary
www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

434 *For another example, see Set F on page 448.

27291_434-435_001 434 12/27/06 4:01:58 PM

 Find the median. Find the mode. Find the range.
List the data from least to 59, 61, 63, 63, 64, 67, 72 59, 61, 63, 63, 64, 67, 72
greatest. Identify the mode, Identify the range,
59, 61, 63, 63, 64, 67, 72 or the data value or the difference
Identify the median, or that occurs most between the greatest
the middle data value often in the data and least values.
in an odd numbered, set. 72 ⫺ 59 ⫽ 13
ordered set of data. The mode of the number The range of the number
The median of the number of minutes of playing of minutes of playing
of minutes of playing time time is 63. time is 13.
is 63.

Problem Solving

10. Ricardo kept a record of the 7 hottest 11. Writing to Explain How can you tell
days of the summer. Use the list below the difference between the net for
to find the median, mode, and range of a triangular prism and the net for a
the temperatures. triangular pyramid?
98°F 102°F 100°F 99°F
103°F 98°F 101°F

12. Reasoning For each statistical measure 13. One side of a

(mean, median, mode, and range) rectangular garden is 13 feet and the
tell whether that number is always, other side is 3 feet. Which expression
sometimes, or never one of the numbers shows how to find the perimeter?
in the data set.
A (2 ⫻ 13) ⫹ (2 ⫻ 3) C 2 ⫻ 13 ⫻ 3
B 13 ⫻ 3 D 3 ⫹ 13

For 14 through 17, use the table.

14. What was the median number of visitors

Visitors to the Statue of Liberty
to the Statue of Liberty from May
through September in 2005? 2005 Visitors
May 430,235
15. What is the range of the data? June 492,078
July 589,166
16. How many months had over
500,000 visitors? August 542,292
September 367,441
17. Writing to Explain Why do you suppose
there had been many fewer visitors in
September, than in July or August?

Lesson 19-6 435

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 Lesson

19-7 Outcomes
How can tree diagrams help you
list possible outcomes?
SDAP 3.1, Grade 6 How many outcomes are possible when spinning
Represent all
possible outcomes a spinner once and then tossing a coin twice?
for compound events
in an organized way Use a tree diagram to list all possible outcomes.
(e.g., tables, grids, tree
diagrams) and express A tree diagram is a diagram used to organize
the theoretical probability
of each outcome. outcomes of an experiment.
Also MR 3.3

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
In 1 through 3, list the possible outcomes. 4. Writing to Explain In the example
above, how would your tree diagram
1. Tossing a number cube change if the spinner had 4 colors?
How many possible outcomes would
2. Spinning a spinner divided into there be?
white, blue, black, and purple
5. Write a multiplication equation to find
3. Tossing an even number on a the possible outcomes of tossing a
number cube number cube and spinning a spinner
with 4 different colors.

Independent Practice
6. Two spinners are spun. Copy and complete Spinner 1 Spinner 2 Outcome
the tree diagram to show the possible
,
outcomes.
orange blue orange, blue

orange,

, green

red , blue

,
Spinner 1 Spinner 2

7. Josh and Susan are running for class president.

Mark, Maria, Lee, and Eva are running for vice-president.
How many possible outcomes are there for electing a Animated Glossary
president and a vice president? www.pearsonsuccessnet.com

436 *For another example, see Set G on page 448.

27291_436-437_001 436 12/27/06 4:02:15 PM

 A tree diagram shows the sample space, You can also find the number of outcomes
which is the set of all possible outcomes. by multiplying.
1st Coin 2nd Coin Number Number Number Total
Spinner Toss Toss Outcome of spinner of 1st of 2nd possible
outcomes coin toss coin toss outcomes
H Green H H outcomes outcomes
H
Green T Green H T
H Green T H 2 ⫻ 2 ⫻ 2 ⫽ 8
T
T Green T T
There are 8 possible outcomes.
H Red H H
H
Red T Red H T
H Red T H
T
T Red T T

Problem Solving

8. On four tests, Justin scored 90, 85, 90, 9. Steve’s dog is 10 lb heavier than Marsha’s
and 95. What is the mean score of the dog. Together, the dogs weigh 42 lb.
four tests? How much does each dog weigh?

10. John, Andy, and Miguel run in the 11. Surfers in California often have a variety
first race. Sharon, Marie, and Mona of wetsuits and surfboards. If a surfer has
run in the second race. How many 3 wetsuits and 6 surfboards, how many
different outcomes are possible for different combinations of a wetsuit and
the winning pairs? a surfboard could the surfer have?
A 3 B 6 C 9 D 12 A 6 B 9 C 18 D 36

12. Writing to Explain How does a tree 13. Lara’s ice skating lesson started at
diagram make it easier to tell which 11:15 A.M. and ended at 12:50 P.M.
outcome occurs most often? How long did the lesson last?

14. Jennifer’s paycheck 15. How many different outfits consisting

was $314.79. She used $205.75 of that of one pair of jeans, one T-shirt, and one
money to pay bills. Then she spent jacket can you make if you have three
$58 on groceries. Which expression pairs of jeans, four T-shirts, and two
shows how to find how much money jackets to choose from?
Jennifer has left?
A $314.79 ⫹ $205.75 ⫺ $58 16. Algebra Find the value of n, if
n ⫻ 400 ⫽ 28,000.
B $314.79 ⫺ $205.75 ⫺ $58
C $314.79 ⫺ $205.75 ⫹ $58
D $314.79 ⫹ $205.75 ⫹ $58

Lesson 19-7 437

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 Lesson

19-8 Writing Probability

as a Fraction
What is the probability of an event?
SDAP 1.3 Use fractions
and percentages to Reuben writes each letter of his name on a separate
compare data sets of
different sizes. piece of paper and puts them in a bag. He chooses
one piece of paper from the bag without looking.
The probability of an event is a number that describes
the chance the event will occur.

Another Example What is the probability of two events

happening together?
Eva puts the letters of her name into a bag and chooses a letter out of the bag without
looking. She puts the letter back into the bag and chooses again without looking. What
is the probability that Eva chooses an A both times?

Draw a tree diagram. Find the probability.

First Second There are a total of 9 possible outcomes

Letter Letter Outcome when the two letters are chosen and the
E E, E first is replaced. One of the outcomes
E V E, V is favorable because only one of the
A E, A outcomes has an A both times.
E V, E The probabilty of any event ranges
V V V, V from 0 to 1.
A V, A Impossible Equally likely Certain

E A, E
less 1 more
A V A, V 0 1
2
likely likely
A A, A
1
P(A, A) ⫽ __
9
The probability that Eva chooses an
1.
A both times is __
9
Explain It
1. Use the tree diagram above to find the probability of choosing the same
letter twice. Hint: Look for pairs of outcomes with the same letter.
3 , is it less likely, more likely, equally
2. If an event has a probability of __
4
likely, impossible, or certain to occur?

438

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 Probability of an event  number of favorable outcomes What is the probability that Reuben
total number of possible outcomes will choose the letter E?
What is the probability that Reuben will choose the There are 2 favorable outcomes
letter B? out of 6 possible outcomes
There is 1 favorable outcome out of 6 possible (since E appears twice).
outcomes, R, E, U, B, E, or N. The outcomes are
P(E)  _26_  _13_
equally likely (have the same chance of occurring).
The probability of choosing the letter B can be The probability that Reuben chooses
written as P(B). an E out of the bag is _13_ or P(E)  _13_.
1
P(B)  __
6
The probability that Reuben chooses a B out of the
1.
bag is __
6

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
For 1 through 4, use the spinner shown. 5. Writing to Explain In the example
above, is it likely, unlikely, impossible,
1. Find P(blue). or certain that Reuben draws a B?

2. Find P(yellow). 6. What is the probability that Reuben

will NOT draw an R?
3. Find P(red).

4. Find P(green).

Independent Practice
7. Write each letter of your first name on a separate small sheet of
paper. Put each piece into a box. Do an experiment where you
pick one letter and replace it each time. Do this 10 times. Record
the number of times you pick each letter, and then write the
probability as a fraction.

For 8 through 12, suppose you toss a quarter and a penny.

8. Make a tree diagram to show the possible outcomes.

9. Find P(one head).

10. Find P(two heads).

11. Find P(quarter heads, penny tails)

Animated Glossary
www.pearsonsuccessnet.com
12. Find P(no heads)

*For another example, see Set H on page 449. Lesson 19-8 439

27291_438-440_002 439 12/27/06 4:02:46 PM

 Independent Practice
13. When a number cube is tossed, there are 6 possible outcomes
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6). If the cube is tossed twice and the outcomes are
added, the possible sums are from 2 through 12.

Copy the table and give the probability of each sum.

Sum 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Number of
Occurrences 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1

Probability ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■

14. Which sum (or sums) has the greatest probability of occurring?

15. Which sum (or sums) has the least probability of occurring?

Problem Solving

16. Geometry Kendra tosses a colored 17. Mrs. Pierre bought 150 pencils to give to
cube. Half of the sides of the cube are her students. She has three classes with
1 of the sides are blue, and one side
red, __ 27, 25, and 23 students each. She wants
3 every student to get the same number
is green. What is the probability that the
of pencils. How many pencils should she
cube will land on a color other than red give to each student?
when tossed?

18. Jorgé put colored 19. Carlita buys 3 beanbag

cards into a bag. Two of the cards were throws for $1.00.
# )$(
green, three were red, one was orange, What is the (
two were blue, and two were purple. probability she will
Jorgé wants to find the probability that toss one beanbag 
 
he will pull an orange card from the bag. through a hole in
What step does Jorgé take to determine the top row of
the number of possible outcomes? this game? Assume 
Carlita always
A Count the number of orange cards.
throws a beanbag 
B Count the number of different into a hole. 
colored cards.
C Count the total number of cards in 20. How many parts of each color should
the bag. there be to make sure that it is equally
likely this spinner
D Count the number of cards that are
will land on each
not orange.
of 3 different colors?

440

27291_438-440_003 440 12/27/06 4:02:52 PM

 Which Equation is True?
Example: If m  25, which equation
Remember that an equation is a number sentence is true?
that uses an equal sign to show that two expressions
are equal. Both of the following are equations. 2  m  30 m  20  5

8  2  10 In the first equation, if you replace

m with 25, the result is 2  25  30.
x  25  100 This equation is false.
The first equation is true. You don’t know if an In the second equation if you replace
algebraic equation is true or false until you replace m with 25, the result is 25  20  5.
the variable with a number. This equation is true.
If x  75, then x  25  100 is a true equation.

Decide which equation is true for each replacement of the variable.

1. If x  20, which equation is true? 2. If y  100, which equation is true?
x2
3  x  23 or __ y  80  180 or y  2  50
5

3. If x  50, which equation is true? 4. If x  80, which equation is true?

x 5
x  50  75 or ___ x2
40x  3,200 or __
10 4

5. If z  200, which equation is true? 6. If x  70, which equation is true?

200  x  200 or x  100  300 6x  420 or x  7  63

7. If x  0, which equation is true? 8. If x  1, which equation is true?

50x  50 x77 40x  40 or 40  x  40

9. If a teacher has 32 students and divides them into teams of 4,

which equation could be used to find how many students will
be on each team? Let x represent the number of students on
each team.
32  x
___ 4  x  32 32  4
___ 4  32  x
4 x

Lesson 19-8 441

27291_441-441_001 441 12/21/06 11:25:05 AM

 Lesson Problem Solving

19-9 Solve a Simpler Problem

books from
reading list

Owen needs to read 2 books from a list of

6 books. How many different combinations
MR 1.2 Determine of books are possible?
when and how to break
a problem into simpler
parts. Follow these steps to solve a simpler problem.
Also NS 1.0, MR 2.2.
1. Break apart or change the problem into one that is simpler.
2. Solve the simpler problem.
3. Use the answers to the simpler problem to solve the original problem.

Guided Practice*
Do you know HOW? Do you UNDERSTAND?
1. Draw a picture to show the number of 3. Writing to Explain Is it easier to use
combinations of pairs for 5 books. the table or to draw a picture as the
number of books increases?
2. Think of extending the table at the
top to find the number of pairs with 4. Write a Problem Write a real-world
7 books. What number would you add problem that can be solved by solving
to 15 to find the number of pairs? How a simpler problem.
many pairs would there be for 7 books?

Independent Practice
Solve each problem.

5. Continue the pattern in the book problem above.

How many pairs of books would there be for 8 books?
9 books? 10 books?
• What do I know?
6. Find the number of degrees in a • What am I asked to find?
hexagon. HINT: Divide the hexagon
• What diagram can I use to help
into triangles. understand the problem?
a How many triangles are formed? • Can I use addition, subtraction,
multiplication, or division?
b How many degrees are in each triangle? • Is all of my work correct?
c What is the total number of degrees in • Did I answer the right question?
the hexagon? • Is my answer reasonable?
7. Using the same strategy in Problem 6, what is
the total number of degrees in a pentagon?
An octagon?

442 *For another example, see Set I on page 449.

27291_442-443_001 442 1/18/07 12:50:30 PM

 Use letters to represent the books. Look for a pattern.
A B A B A B Find the pattern. Continue the pattern
2 books: to 6 books.
1 pair
C C D Number of
Books 2 3 4 5 6
3 books: 3 pairs 4 books: 6 pairs
Number of
Pairs 1 3 6 10 15

+2 +3 +4 +5

There are 15 different possible pairs.

8. Juanita tossed 3 number cubes, and 9. Jill has 3 colored vases to arrange on
these digits came up. a shelf.

2 1 4
4 3 2 5 5 6
If each of the numbers 2, 1 and 4
is used only once to form a 3-digit
number, which shows all the possible Let B stand for blue, O for orange, and
3-digit numbers? G for green. Which list shows all the
possible arrangements of the vases?
A 214, 421, 142
A BOG, OBG, GOB
B 214, 124, 412, 421
B BOG, OBG, GOB, GBO
C 214, 241, 142, 412, 124
C BOG, OBG, GOB, GBO, OGB
D 214, 241, 142, 124, 412, 421
D BOG, OBG, GOB, GBO, OGB, BGO

10. George was choosing his clothes for 11. The McMillan family wanted to buy a
the next day. In his closet he had 2 ties, new vehicle. They could choose a van
5 shirts, 3 trousers, and 2 belts. How or a car; a black, silver, or white exterior;
many different ways could George and a tan or black interior. How many
choose a tie, shirt, trousers, and belt? different vehicles can they buy?

12. After seeing a movie, 2 friends stopped 13. Algebra Draw a picture and write an
for frozen yogurt. Three flavors were equation to solve.
available in small, medium, and large
sizes. How many different combinations Niko had 17_13_ ft of fencing. He uses
of flavors and sizes are possible? 5_23_ ft to finish a job. How many feet
of fencing does Niko have now?
Let f ⫽ feet of fencing left.

Lesson 19-9 443

27291_442-443_443 443 9/13/07 7:57:03 PM

 1. The histogram shows the results from a 3. James is drawing the picture graph
survey asking people how many plays below to show the number of license
they have seen in the last year. How plates from each state he saw on a
many people have seen more than recent trip. He saw 15 Arizona license
3 plays? (19-2) plates. Which picture should he draw
for Arizona? (19-1)
Going to the Theater
License Plates James Saw
16
State Number of License Plates
14
Nevada
Number of People

12
NOV NOV NOV NOV NOV NOV NOV
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

10 Oklahoma NOV
2008
NOV
2008
NOV
2008

8 New Mexico NOV

2008
NOV
2008

6 Arizona
4 Arkansas NOV
2008

2
Other States NOV
2008
NOV
2008

0
0–1 2–3 4–5 6–7 NOV
2008

⫽ 5 license plates
Number of Plays
A NOV
2008
NOV
2008
NOV
2008
NOV
2008

A 26
B NOV
2008
NOV
2008
NOV
2008
NOV
2008

B 15
C NOV
2008
NOV
2008
NOV
2008

C 11
D NOV
2008
NOV
2008
NOV
2008

D 8
4. The shoe sizes of the starting players
2. The music teacher is choosing two
on the girls’ basketball team are listed
students out of 10 to sing a duet in the
below. What is the median of these
musical. How many different pairs of
numbers? (19-6)
students must try out if she wants to try
every possible pair? (19-9) 7, 6, 5, 6, 8

A 50 A 5

B 45 B 6

C 20 C 7

D 12 D 8

444

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 5. According to the circle graph below, 7. A college student plans to take biology,
about what fraction of the t-shirts sold algebra, and literature in the morning.
were x-large? (19-3) Each letter represents the first letter of
each class. Which list below shows all
T-shirts Sold the different orders that these three
classes can be taken? (19-7)

Small
A BAL, BAB, LAB
X-Large B BAL, LAB, ABL, LBA
Medium

Large
C BAL, BLA, ALB, LAB, ABL
D BAL, BLA, ALB, ABL, LAB, LBA

8. The cards shown are placed in a bag

1
A __ and one is drawn without looking.
3
1 What is the probability Bobby’s name is
B __
4 drawn? (19-8)
1
C __ Bill
5
1
D __
6 Tom
Bobby Bill
6. The table shows the heights of a group
Bobby
of friends. What is the mean height of Bobb
Ali y
the group in inches? (19-5)
Tom
Name Height (in inches) 1
A __
8
Amy 58 2
B __
8
Rudy 62
Jessie 55 C _38_
Pablo 61 D _35_
Jared 64
9. An airline company is making a graph
to display the number of each type of
A 61
ticket they have available on a flight
B 60 including first class, business class and
C 59 economy. Which type of graph would
be best to display the data? (19-4)
D 58
A Bar or picture graph
B Line plot
C Circle graph
D Line graph

Topic 19 Test Prep 445

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 Set A, pages 420–422

Students were asked to name their favorite Remember that a bar graph or
seasons. Make a bar graph to show the results. a picture graph can be used to
compare data that shows how
Favorite Season many or how much. In a picture
Summer 8 graph, each symbol represents a
certain amount in the data.
Autumn 6
Winter 4 1. Students were asked to name
their favorite flower. Make a
Spring 6
bar graph to show the results.

Favorite Season Favorite Flower

Rose 10
Number of Students

8
Lily 3
6
Carnation 3
4
Tulip 6
2
Daffodil 8
0
me
r mn ter pring
Sum Au
tu Win S

Set B, pages 424–425

David made a histogram to show how many Remember that histograms are a
books his class had purchased in the last year. type of bar graph that has no space
between the bars and the bars show
Books Purchased equal intervals.
Use the histogram at the left to answer
Number of Students

8
the following questions.
6

4
1. How many students were
surveyed?
2
2. How many students had bought
0
0–2 3–5 6–8 9–11
more than 5 books?
Number of Books 3. What fraction of the students
bought 9, 10, or 11 books?
Using the histogram, find the number of
students who purchased 3–5 books. The bar
with the 3–5 interval has a height of 8. The
number of students is 8.

446

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 Set C, pages 426–428

A group of 100 students were asked to name their Remember a circle graph shows
favorite type of television program. Make a circle the whole amount (100%) and
graph to show the results. each sector represents a part of
the whole amount.
Favorite Type of Television Program
Jill spent a total of 30 hours exercising
Comedy 25
last month: Jogging: 15 hours; Cycling:
Sports 50
10 hours; Swimming: 5 hours.
Drama 10
Other 15

Comedy ⫽ 25 out of 100 ⫽ _14_.

Comedy
Sports ⫽ 50 out of 100 ⫽ _12_, 1
Sports
4
1.
Drama ⫽ 10 out of 100 ⫽ ___ 1
10 2 Other 3
20
Dr

15 ⫽ ___
Other ⫽ ___ 3.
am

1
100 20
a

10 1. Copy the circle graph and label

Draw a circle with sectors for each sector with the activity
_1_, _1_, and ___
1 and label those sectors and fraction.
2 4 10
with the program type. The remaining 2. What fraction represents the part
3 or Other. of the day Jill spent cycling?
sector shows ___ 20

Set D, pages 430–431

Students were asked to name their favorite animal. Remember that making a graph
Make a bar graph to show the results. makes it easy to visualize data and
answer questions about the data.
Favorite Animal
Penguin 7 Monthly Snowfall
Elephant 6
Month Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar.
Lion 3
Monkey 4
Calories 6 12 18 4

Favorite Animal
1. Make a line graph of the data.
8
Number of Votes

2. Which month has a snowfall

6
3 times as great as December?
4

0
n t n y
gui han Lio nke
Pen Elep Mo
Animal

Topic 19 Reteaching 447

27291_446-449.indd 447 1/2/07 4:36:05 PM

 Set E, pages 432–433

Find the mean of this data set: Remember that the mean is an
2, 3, 8, 3, 5, 6, 1 average. You must add the data and
divide by the number of addends.
The mean is an average. To find the mean, add the
data and divide by the number of data. 1. 5, 4, 1, 3, 1, 10
2. 6, 9, 5, 2, 8
(2  3  8  3  5  6  1)  7  28  7  4
3. 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 3, 2
The mean is 4.

Set F, pages 434-435

Find the median, mode, and range for this set of Remember that if there is an even
data: 10, 15, 20, 12, 10 number of data, you must add the
two middle numbers when the data
To find the median, list the data in order from are ordered from least to greatest and
least to greatest and find the middle value.
divide by 2 to find the median.
10, 10, 12, 15, 20 The median is 12.
1. Find the median of this data set:
To find the mode, list the data in order from least 27.5 27 30 29.5
to greatest and find the value that occurs most often.
2. Find the mode of this data set:
10, 10, 12, 15, 20 The mode is 10.
12, 6, 9, 5, 8, 12, 8, 1, 4, 12, 6
To find the range, subtract the least value from the 3. Find the range of this data set:
greatest value.
87, 84, 90, 75, 100, 88
20  10  10 The range is 10.

Set G, pages 436–437

Judy can pick either a hamburger or a chicken Remember that when you make a
sandwich and then either a coleslaw, potato tree diagram, start with 1 item and list
salad, or a fruit salad. How many different lunch all the possible combinations with it.
combinations can she have? Continue with all the items.
Draw a tree diagram. 1. Make a tree diagram to show
the sample space for tossing a
Coleslaw number cube and then tossing
Hamburger Potato Salad
a quarter.
Fruit Salad
Coleslaw 2. Make a tree diagram to show the
Chicken Sandwich Potato Salad results of choosing among tuna,
Fruit Salad
cheese, and turkey sandwiches,
and milk and juice drinks.
There are 6 possible combinations, so Judy has a
choice of 6 different lunches.

448

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 Set H, pages 438-440

You spin the spinner once. Find P (landing in Remember that when you express a
a green section). probability as a fraction, always write
the fraction in simplest form.
Use the letters in MATHEMATICS. Each
letter is written on a separate piece of
paper and the pieces are put in a bag.

Find the probability of choosing each

letter or letters out of the bag.
number of favorable outcomes
Probability ⫽ ________________________ 1. P (a consonant)
number of possible outcomes
2. P (the letter A)
So, P (green) ⫽ _3_ ⫽ _1_
6 2 3. P (not the letter A)

Set I, pages 442–443

To solve a simpler problem, follow these steps: Remember that you can draw a
picture or use objects to look for a
Step 1 pattern in finding the relationship
Break apart or change between the simpler problem and
the problem into one the original problem.
that is simpler to solve.
1. How many different teams of
Step 2 2 people can be chosen from
4 people?
Draw a picture or use
objects to look for a 2. How many different teams of
pattern to solve the 3 people can be chosen from
simpler problem. 5 people?
Step 3 3. What is the sum of the angles of
an octagon?
Use the answers to
the simpler problem
to solve the original
problem.

Four people shake hands with each other once.

How many handshakes are there in all?
Use A, B, C, D to represent the people.
AB, AC, AD
BC, BD, CD
There are 6 handshakes.

Topic 19 Reteaching 449

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