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Lesson 3A - Fluid Flow in Closed Conduit - Minor and Major Head Losses

This lesson covers fluid flow in closed conduits, focusing on flow resistance, head losses, and the factors affecting fluid flow in pipes. Key concepts include the properties of pipes and fluids, types of flow classified by Reynold's number, and equations for calculating head losses. Students will learn to apply these principles through sample problems involving different flow scenarios.

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Ej Kendrick Paiste
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23 views5 pages

Lesson 3A - Fluid Flow in Closed Conduit - Minor and Major Head Losses

This lesson covers fluid flow in closed conduits, focusing on flow resistance, head losses, and the factors affecting fluid flow in pipes. Key concepts include the properties of pipes and fluids, types of flow classified by Reynold's number, and equations for calculating head losses. Students will learn to apply these principles through sample problems involving different flow scenarios.

Uploaded by

Ej Kendrick Paiste
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 3A - FLUID FLOW IN CLOSED CONDUIT

Saturday, 24 August 2024 11:38 pm

Topics:
Flow Resistance Formula
Minor and Major Head losses
Pipe Connecting Two Reservoir

Learning Outcome:
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to understand the principles
and concepts used in the analysis of fluid flow in closed conduit.

Pipe is a closed conduit carrying liquids or gases under pressure.


Common section is Circular (Why circular? It has the least surface contact with the flowing fluid
thus less surface friction will occur.)

Factors affecting the Fluid Flow in Pipe


1. Properties of Pipe
○ Diameter
○ Layout of piping system
○ Pipe Bends and fittings

2. Properties of the Fluid


○ Viscosity
○ Velocity
○ Density/Unit Weight

3. Types of Flow
○ Laminar flow
○ Transient flow
○ Turbulent flow
Reynold's Number
Reynold’s number (Re) is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces. It is a
dimensionless ratio used to determine the type of flow of fluid in a pipeline. It can
be computed by the formula,

Classification of Flow
i. Laminar Flow – Re ≤ 2000
ii. Critical Flow – 2000 < Re < 4000
iii. Turbulent Flow – Re ≥ 4000

Sample Problem
Water at 10°C flows in a 150-mm diameter pipe at a velocity of 2.5 m/s. Is this flow
laminar or turbulent?

Head losses in Pipes

Minor Head losses:


Values for minor losses factor:
Major Head loss: Losses due to friction, hf

1. Darcy-Weisbach Equation

2. Mannings Equation
3. Hazen-Williams Equation

Sample Problem 1
Water is pumped through a 500 mm diameter pipe which is 800 m long at a velocity of 2
m/s. Compute the head loss of the pipeline using:
a. Manning's equation with n=0.013
b. Darcy-Weisbach formula with f=0.02
c. Hazen-Williams Formula with C=110

Sample Problem 2
The velocity of oil flowing thru a 30 mm diameter pipe is equal to 2 m/s. Oil has a
kinematic viscosity of 5 x 10-5 m2/s. If the pipe has a length of 120 m. Determine the
following:
a. Reynold's Number
b. Friction factor
c. Head loss of the pipe

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