JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

● Average Number of
01 Questions in JEE Main
1

02 ● Prerequisites Knowledge Basics of Straight Line

Equation of Circle & its intercept

Condition of Tangency
03 ● Most Repeated Topics
Number of Common Tangents(Positions of Two
Circles)

● Key Highlights of
04 Chapter Moderate to Hard Level Questions asked
JEE questions are mainly mix of straight line & circle, or circle &
conics.
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019
(20 Papers) (24 Papers) (22 Papers) (26 Papers) (16 Papers) (16 Papers)
CIRCLES
20 18 21 29 8 21

TOPICS Equation of Circle & its Tangent to circle/Positions Miscellaneous

intercept of Two Circles

Number of Qs in JEE Main 2024 4 4 12

Number of Qs in JEE Main 2023 3 10 5

Number of Qs in JEE Main 2022 10 5 6

Number of Qs in JEE Main 2021 8 6 15

 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
CIRCLES
● Circles- Geometrical Properties/Theorems
● Standard Equations of Circle
● Equations of Circle in Different Forms/Cases
● Intercept Made by Circle on Axes
● Position of a Point with respect to a Circle
● Position of a Line with respect to a Circle
● Maximum and Minimum Distance b/w a Point & Circle
● Position of two Circle
● Common Tangents & Number of Common Tangents
● Equation of chords & Important Formulae
● Mirror Image of Circle in a Line
● Family of Circle
● Condition of Tangency
● Equations of Tangents of a Circle
● Length of Tangents
● Orthogonality of Circle
● Radical Axis of Circle
● Power of a Point with respect to a Circle
● Pair of Tangents
● Director Circle
 JEE MAINS:
Circle- Geometrical CIRCLES
Properties/Theorems

The angle at the centre The angle in a Opposite angles in a Angles in the same
is twice the angle at the semicircle is 90 degrees cyclic quadrilateral segment are equal
circumference add up to 180 degrees
a a
a a
c d
2a b

∠a+∠b =180°
∠c+∠d =180°
 JEE MAINS:
Circle- Geometrical CIRCLES
Properties/Theorems

The perpendicular The angle between a Tangents from a Alternate segment

from the centre to tangent and a radius point outside a circle theorem
the chord bisects is 90 degrees are equal in length
b
the chord
a

b a

Normal of the circle

passes through its centre.
 JEE MAINS:
Standard CIRCLES
Equations of Circle

Center = A (0, 0), Radius = r P(h, k)

r
(0, 0)

x2 + y2 = r2
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
CENTRE-RADIUS FORM

P(x, y)
Center = A (x1, y1), Radius = r r
(x1, y1)

NOTE:
The diameter or the normal of a circle passes through its centre.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Find the equation of the circle with
radius 5 and whose centre is midpoint
of (2, -4) and (-4, 0).
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE Main 2018

Q. A circle passes through the points (2, 3)

and (4, 5). If its centre lies on the line
y - 4x + 3 = 0, then its radius is equal to:

A √5

B √2

C 2

D 1
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. A foot of the normal from the point (4, 3) to a

circle is (2, 1) and a diameter of the circle has the
equation 2x - y = 2. Then the equation of the circle is

A x2 + y2 + 2x - 1 = 0

B x2 + y2 - 2x - 1 = 0

C x2 + y2 - 2y - 1 = 0

D x2 + y2 - 2x + 1 = 0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If the lines 2x - 3y = 5 and 3x - 4y = 7 are

two diameters of a circle of radius 7 then the
equation of the circle is

A x2 + y2 +2x - 4y - 47 = 0

B x2 + y2 = 49

C x2 + y2- 2x + 2y - 47 = 0

D x 2 + y2 = 17
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. A circle with centre at the centroid of the triangle

with vertices (2, 3), (6, 7) and (7, 5) passes through
the origin, radius of the circle in units is

A 5

B 5√2

C 4

D 2
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
 JEE MAINS:
GENERAL CIRCLES
EQUATION OF a CIRCLE

Consider
 JEE MAINS:
GENERAL CIRCLES
EQUATION OF CIRCLE

Centre Radius
 GENERAL JEE MAINS:
EQUATION CIRCLES
OF SECOND DEGREE

Conditions for a circle :

A general equation of second degree
ax2+2hxy+by2+2gx+2fy+c=0 in x, y represent a circle , if
(i) coefficient of x2 = coefficient of y2
i.e. a = b
(ii) coefficient of xy is zero
i.e. h = 0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The radius of the circle

3x2 + by2 + 4bx - 6by + b2 = 0
is

A 1

B 3

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The circle concentric with

x2+y2+4x+6y+3=0 and radius 2 is

A x2+y2+4x+6y+9=0

B x2+y2+4x+6y+9=1

C x2+y2-4x-6y+9=0

D x2+y2 = 4
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. f(x, y)=0 is a circle such that f(0, λ)=0

and f(λ, 0)=0 have equal roots and
f(1, 1) = -2 then the radius of the circle is
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
DIAMETRIC FORM

(x - x1) (x - x2) + (y - y1) (y - y2) = 0

B (x2, y2)

A (x1, y1)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Find the equation of the circle when the
endpoints of a diameter are A(−2,−3) and
B(−3,−5).
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. A circle is described on the line joining the

points (2, -3) and (-4, 7) as a diameter. The circle

A Passes through the origin

B Touches the axis of x.

C Touches the axis of y

D Origin lies inside the circle

JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If line y= 2x meets circle x2+y2−4x=0 in

point A and B , then equation of circle of
which AB is diameter is

A 5x2 + 5y2 - 4x + 8y = 0

B 5x2 + 5y2 - 4x - 8y = 0

C 5x2 + 5y2 - 8x - 4y = 0

D 5x2 + 5y2 + 8x + 4y = 0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The line 2x - y + 6=0 meets the circle

x2 + y2 + 10x + 9=0 at A and B. Find the
equation of circle on AB as diameter.
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
 JEEDIAMETRIC
MAINS: CIRCLES
FORM

B (x2, y2)
(x - x1) (x - x2) + (y - y1) (y - y2) = 0
A (x1, y1)

Quadratic with leading Quadratic with leading

coefficient 1, and roots as coefficient 1, and roots as
x1, x2 y1, y2
(x-coordinates of end- (y-coordinates of end-
points of diameter) points of diameter)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE MAIN 2022 25th JUNE Shift - 1

Q
.
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

EQUATIONS OF a CIRCLE in
DIFFERENT CASES
 JEE MAINS:
Some SpecialCIRCLES
Circles

1. Circle touching X - axis 2. Circle touching Y - axis

(a, 0)

(a, 0)

(x - h)2+ (y - a)2= a2 (x - a)2+ (y - k)2= a2

 JEE MAINS:
Some SpecialCIRCLES
Circles

3. Circle touching x - axis at origin 4. Circle touching y - axis at origin

and Centre Lies on y-axis and Centre Lies on x-axis

x2+ (y - a)2= a2 (x - a)2+ y2= a2

 5. JEE MAINS:
Circle CIRCLES
touching both axes
y
y (x - a)2+ (y - a)2= a2 (x + a)2+ (y - a)2= a2

.(a, a) .(-a, a)

x x

y y

x x

.(-a, -a) .(a, -a)

(x + a)2+ (y + a)2= a2 (x - a)2+ (y + a)2= a2

 JEE touching
Circle MAINS: both
CIRCLES
axes

When the circle passing through any given point and touches both the axes, then two such
circles are possible.
 JEE MAINS:
Some SpecialCIRCLES
Circles

When the circle passes through the origin and has intercepts a and b on the x
and y axes respectively, the equation of the circle is x2+y2-ax-by=0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If the circle x2 + y2 - 6x - 8y + (25 - a2) = 0

touches the axis of y, then a equals.

A 0

B ±4

C ±2

D ±3
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE Main 2012

Q. The length of the diameter of the circle which

touches the x-axis at the point (1, 0) and passes
through the point (2, 3) is

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The circle passing through the point (−1, 0)

and touching the y-axis at (0, 2) also passes
through the point:

A (-3/2, 0)

B (-5/2, 0)

C (3, 5)

D (-4, 0)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. Find the equation of a circle which passes

through (3, 6) and touches the both axes.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
 JEEPARAMETRIC
MAINS: CIRCLES
FORM

(a) x2 + y2 = r2 (b) (x - x1)2 + (y - y1)2 = r2

⇒ x = r cos θ, y = r sin θ ⇒ x = x1 + r cos θ, y = y1 + r sin θ

P(x, y)
P(x, y)

C(x1, y1)

Note:
A general point on x2 + y2 =1 is of the
form (cosθ, sinθ) for some θ.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The curve parametrically described by the

equations x=2 + 3cosθ, y=3 + 3sinθ represents
a circle which touches

A x-axis at (2, 0)

B y-axis at (0, 3)

C x+y=2 at (1, 1)

D x+y=3 at (1, 2)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If (0,0) is orthocentre of triangle formed by

A(cosα, sinα), B(cosβ, sinβ), C(cosγ, sinγ) then ∠BAC =

A 600

B 450

C 300

D 22.50
 JEEMADE
INTERCEPTS MAINS:
BY ACIRCLES
CIRCLE ON THE AXES

The length of the intercept made by the circle y

x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 D

C
x
A B
 JEEMADE
INTERCEPTS MAINS:
BY ACIRCLES
CIRCLE ON THE AXES

y
D

C
NOTE: x
● g2- c > 0 ⇒ circle cut x-axis at two distinct points A B
● g2 - c = 0 ⇒ circle touches x-axis
● g2 - c < 0 ⇒ No point of intersection

● f2 - c > 0 ⇒ circle cut y-axis at two distinct points

● f2 - c = 0 ⇒ circle touches y-axis
● f2 - c < 0 ⇒ No point of intersection
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
NOTE:
Whenever a circle makes an intercept on line, always draw the
following figure.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE Main 2019: 12 April - II

Q. A circle touching the x- axis at (3, 0) and

making an intercept of length 8 on the y- axis
passes through the point:

A (3, 10)

B (2, 3)

C (3, 5)

D (1, 5)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. Find the locus of centre of circle of radius

2 units, if intercept cut on the x-axis is twice
of intercept cut on the y-axis by the circle.
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE(Main): 12th April 2023 -I

Q. Two circles in the first quadrant of radii r1 and r2

touch the coordinate axes. Each of them cuts off an
intercept of 2 units with the line x + y = 2. Then
r12+r22-r1r2 is equal to ___________.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE Main 2015

Q. If a circle passing through the point (-1, 0)

touches y-axis at (0, 2), then the x-intercept of the
circle is

B 5

D 3
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. A circle touches y-axis at (0, 3) and makes an

intercept of 2 units on the positive x-axis. Intercept
made by the circle on the line in units is

A 3

B 6

C 2√10

D 10
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE Main 2019: 08 April - I

Q. The sum of the squares of the lengths of the

chords intercepted on the circle, x2 + y2 = 16, by
the lines, x + y = n, n ∈ N, where N is the set of
all natural numbers is:

A 210

B 105

C 320

D 160
 PositionJEE
of a MAINS: CIRCLES
Point with respect to a Circle

1. The point (x1,y1) lies outside, on or inside the circle x2+y2-r2=0

● Outside : S1> 0 ⇒ x12+y12-r2 > 0

● On : S1= 0 ⇒ x12+y12-r2=0
● Inside : S1< 0 ⇒ x12+y12-r2 < 0
 PositionJEE MAINS:
of a Point withCIRCLES
respect to a Circle

2. The point (x1,y1) lies outside, on or inside the circle

x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 accordingly as the expression

● Outside : x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1+c > 0

● On : x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1+c=0
● Inside : x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1+c < 0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The number of tangents from the point (3, -2)

to the circle x2+y2- 8x - 6y + 9 = 0 is

A 2

B 1

C 0

D 3
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE MAIN 2022 27th JUNE Shift - 2
Q.

An empty
A set

D
Inside/On : x12+y12+2gx1+2fy1+c ≤ 0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If the point (3, 4) lies inside and the point

(-3,-4) lies outside the circle x2+y2-7x+5y-p=0,
then the set of all possible values of p is

A (24, 25)

B (25, 26)

C (24, 26)

D (0, 24)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If the point (1, 4) lies inside the circle

x2+y2 - 6x - 10y + p = 0 and the circle does
not touch or intersect the coordinate axes,
then

A 0 < p < 34

B 25 < p < 29

C 9 < p < 25

D 9 < p < 29
 JEEofMAINS:
Position CIRCLES
a Line with respect to a Circle

Method-1:

For a given line and a circle, either

Line cuts the circle at two OP < r P lies inside the circle P
distinct points

Line touches the circle OP = r P lies on the circle

O
Line does not meet the circle OP > r P lies outside the circle
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. S: x2 + y2 - 6x + 4y - 3 = 0 is a circle and
L: 4x + 3y + 19 = 0 is a straight line

A L is a chord of S.

B L is a diameter of S

C L is a tangent to S

D L is outside to S
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The circle x2+y2=4x+8y+5 intersects the

line 3x - 4y = m at two distinct points if

A 15<m<65

B 35<m<85

C -85<m<-35

D -35<m<15
 JEEofMAINS:
Position CIRCLES
a Line with respect to a Circle

Method-2: Solve line with circle to get a quadratic equation.

Generic
D >0 ⇒line cuts the circle
D=0 ⇒line touches to circle
D<0 ⇒line does not meet circle
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Consider the circle (x-5)2+(y-3)2=5 and the line
y=ax+3, where a is a constant. Find the range of values
of a for which the circle and the line are disjoint.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. If the line y=mx-(m-1) cuts the circle
x2+y2=4 at two real and distinct points then

A m∈(1,2)

B m=1

C m=2

D m∈R
 JEE
Minimum and MAINS:Distance
Maximum CIRCLESb/w Point and Circle

P
 JEE
Minimum and MAINS:
Maximum CIRCLES
Distance between Point and Circle

For a circle : x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0 and point :(x1, y1)

Minimum distance between P and O = AP = |OP - r|
Maximum distance between P and O = BP = OP + r

P(x1,y1)

r A Closest to P

O(-g,-f)
B
(Farthest from P)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If d1 and d2 are the longest and the shortest

distances of the point P(-7, 2) from the circle
x2+y2-10x-14y-51=0, then the value of d12+d22 is
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE(Main): 5 April 2024 -I

Q. Let a circle C of radius 1 and closer to the origin be such

that the lines passing through the point (3, 2) and parallel
to the coordinate axes touch it. Then the shortest distance
of the circle C from the point (5, 5) is:

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. Find two points P and Q on the circle

x2+y2−4x−4y−1=0 which are nearest and
farthest respectively from the point (6, 5).
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q

C(2, 2)
P

A(6, 5)
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE(Main): 5 April 2024 -II
VIDEO SOL. Q. Let the maximum and minimum values of
be M and m
respectively. Then is equal to________.
 JEE MAINS:
Position CIRCLES
of Two Circles
Circles have zero common points
(1) ⇒ Or separate from each other

(2) ⇒ Circle touches externally

(3) Circles intersect at two distinct points

⇒

(4) ⇒ Circle touches internally

Zero common points

(5) ⇒ Or, one circle is inside of other
 JEE MAINS:TANGENTS
COMMON CIRCLES

DIRECT COMMON TANGENTS TRANSVERSE COMMON TANGENTS

● A direct common tangent(DCT) is a

straight line that touches two circles
on the same side. ● A transverse common tangent (TCT)
is a straight line that touches two
circles on opposite sides
 JEE MAINS:
NUMBER CIRCLES
OF COMMON TANGENTS

(1) ⇒ 4 common tangents

(DCT=2, TCT=2)

(2) ⇒ 3 common tangents

(DCT=2, TCT=1)

(3) ⇒ 2 common tangents

(DCT=2, TCT=0)

(4) ⇒ 1 common tangent

(5) ⇒ 0 common tangents

JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If two circles and

intersect in two
distinct points, then

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE(Main): 30 Jan 2024 -I

Q. If the circles and

intersect at
exactly two distinct points, then

A 3<r<7

B 5<r<7

C 0<r<7

D <r<7
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE Main 2021 18th March Shift I

Q. If S1 : (x - 5)2 + (y - 5)2 = 32 and

S2 : (x - 11)2 + (y - 5)2 = 32 are two
circles. Then which of the following
is/are correct.

A Circle meet at 2 distinct point

B Circle meet at only one point

C Both circle have no common point

D S1 and S2 are concentric circle

JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Find the number of common tangents
to the circles x2 + y2 - 8x + 2y + 8 = 0 and
x2 + y2 - 2x - 6y -15 = 0.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE(Main): 15th April 2023 -I

Q. The number of common tangents, to the

circles x2 + y2 – 18x – 15y +131 = 0 and
x2 + y2 – 6x – 6y – 7 = 0, is

A 4

B 1

C 3

D 2
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:
 JEE Standard
Some MAINS: CIRCLES
Notations

S ≡ x2 + y2 + 2gx + 2fy + c
S = 0: ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
S1 = x12 + y12 + 2gx1 + 2fy1 + c
Value of S at (x1, y1) is represented by S1
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. Write S1 and T for the curve

S≡x2+y2−2x+4y+3=0 at the point (6,−5).
 JEE MAINS:
Length of theCIRCLES
tangent

1. The length of the tangent from a point (x1, y1) to the circle
x2 + y2 = a2 is

P(x1, y1)

C(0,0)
L=?
 JEE MAINS:
Length CIRCLES
of the tangent

2. The length of the tangent from a point (x1, y1) to the circle
x2 + y2 +2gx + 2fy + c =0 is
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If the length of the tangent from (5, 4) to

the circle x2+y2+2ky=0 is 1 then find k.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The lengths of the tangents from any point

on the circle x2 + y2 + 8x + 1=0 to the circle
x2 + y2 + 7x + 1=0 and x2 + y2 + 4x + 1=0
are in the ratio

A 1:2

B 1:3

C 1:4

D 1 : √2
 JEEEquation
MAINS:ofCIRCLES
chords

(1) Equation of CoC (chord of contact) with respect to P(x1, y1)

● Its equation is given by T = 0

● Length of chord of contact =

(2) Equation of chord with given midpoint P(x1, y1)

● Its equation given by T = S1

JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Using CM perp. to AB
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Find the locus of the middle points of the
chords of the circle x2 + y2 = a2 which pass
through a given point (x1, y1).
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. The locus of middle points of
chords of the circle x2+y2 = 25 which
are parallel to the line x - 2y + 3 = 0,
is

A x + 2y = 0

B 2x + y = 0

C x - 2y = 0

D 2x - y = 0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Find the locus of the middle points of the
chords of the circle x2+y2−2x−6y−10=0
which pass through the origin.
 JEE MAINS:
Equation CIRCLES
of Common Chord
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. Equation of a common chord of the

circles x2 + y2 + 6x - 10y + 9 = 0 and
x2 + y2 - 10x + 6y + 25 = 0 is

A x+y+4=0

B x-y+4=0

C x+y+1=0

D x-y-1=0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Which of the following is a point on the
common chord of the circles

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. A straight line cuts the circle x2+y2=25

in two distinct points A and B. The
distance of A and B is 2 from the point
(3,4). Find the equation of the line AB.

A 3x+4y=23

B 4x-3y=0

C 3x+4y-15=0

D 4x+3y=14
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. If common chord of the circle C with centre at (2, 1)
and radius r and the circle x2+y2-2x-6y+6=0 is a
diameter of the second circle , then the value of r is

A 3

B 2

C 3/2

D 1
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE(Main): 5 April 2024 -II

VIDEO SOL Q. Let the circle

be a circle having centre at (-1, 0) and radius 2. If the
line of the common chord of intersects the
y-axis at the point P, then the square of the distance of
P from the centre of is:

A 2

B 1

C 6

D 4
 JEEofMAINS:
Chords a Circle:CIRCLES
Important Points

A
● OP is diameter of circumcircle of triangle APB.
r
θ
θ O
M
P(x1, y1) S=0

B
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE(Main): 6th April 2023 -II

Q. If the tangents at the points P and Q are the circle

meet at the point then
the area of the triangle PQR is:

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
 JEE
Mirror MAINS:
Image CIRCLES
of Circle in a Line
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The equation of the circle, which is the mirror

image of the circle, x2 + y2 - 2x = 0, in the line,
y = 3 - x is:

A x2 + y2 - 6x - 8y + 24 = 0

B x2 + y2 - 8x - 6y + 24 = 0

C x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y + 12 = 0

D x2 + y2 - 6x - 4y + 12 = 0
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
25 January - Shift 1-2023
Q. The points of intersection of the line
ax+by=0,(a≠b) and the circle x2+y2-2x=0
are A(α,0) and B(1,β). The image of the circle
AB as a diameter in the line x + y + 2 = 0 is:

A x2+y2+5x+5y+12=0

B x2+y2+3x+5y+8=0

C x2+y2+3x+3y+4=0

D x2+y2-5x-5y+12=0
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Solution:

x2+y2-2x=0
 JEE MAINS:
FAMILY CIRCLES
of CIRCLES

1. S + 𝜆L =0, (where 𝜆 is a parameter)

S =0 S + 𝜆L =0
L =0

2. S + 𝜆S’ = 0, (where 𝜆 is a parameter, 𝜆 ≠ - 1).

But it is better to find first equation of common chord

S - S’ = 0 and then use
S’ = 0
S + 𝜆S’ = 0 S + 𝜆 (S - S’) = 0
 JEE MAINS:
FAMILY CIRCLES
of CIRCLES

3. The equation of a family of circles touching a fixed line

(x1, y1) y - y1= m(x - x1) at the fixed point (x1, y1) is
*(x - x1)2 + (y - y1)2 + K [y - y1 - m (x - x1)] = 0
S =0 Where K is a parameter
S + 𝜆L =0
* TREAT (x1,y1) like a POINT CIRCLE
L =0

(x2, y2) 4. The equation of a family of circles passing through two

(x1, y1) points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) and a line ‘L’ is (x - x1)(x - x2)+
L (y - y1)(y - y2)+ K L = 0
Where K is a parameter
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. If the radius of the circle passing through the
origin and touching the line x + y = 2 at (1, 1) is
r units, then the value of 3√2r is
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The equation of the smallest circle

passing through the intersection of the
line x+y=1 and the circle x2+y2=9 is

A x2+y2+x+y-8=0

B x2+y2-x-y-8=0

C x2+y2-x+y-8=0

D None of these
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. Find the equation of the circle which passes
through the point (1, 1) and which touches the
circle x2 + y2 + 4x - 6y - 3 = 0 at the point (2, 3).
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
 JEE MAINS:OFCIRCLES
CONDITION TANGENCY

The straight line y = mx + c will be a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 if

 JEE MAINS:
CONDITION OF CIRCLES
TANGENCY

The straight line y = mx + c will be a tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2 if

 JEE MAINS:
Different Forms CIRCLES
of Equation of Tangents to a Circle

Slope form Tangent at a Point on a Circle Parametric form

slope = m P(θ)
T=0 P(x, y)

C(-g, -f)

T=0
x2 + y2 = r2
NOTE:
 JEE Equations
Tangent MAINS: CIRCLES
& Point of Contact

For : (x - x1 )2 + (y - y1 )2 = r2
For: x2 + y2 = r2
Tangent Equation: Tangent

Point of contact: P
Point of contact:

Condition of tangency:
P c2 = r2(1 + m2)
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The equations of any tangents to the circle

is :

D None of these
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
29 January - Shift 2-2023

Q. A circle with centre (2,3) and radius 4

intersects the line x+y=3 at the points P and Q.
If the tangents at P and Q intersect at the point
S(α,β), then 4α-7β is equal to _11______
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
JEE MAIN 2022 28th JUNE Shift - 1

Q.

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Dis formula b/w OQ

JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
 JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Orthogonality of a Circle

Two circles with Cartesian equations

x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0
x2+y2+2g’x+2f’y+c’=0
The condition for orthogonality is
2(gg’+ff’)=c+c’ or d2=r12+r22

Where, d be the distance between the centres of two intersecting circles

JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. If circles x2 + y2 + 8x - 14y + p = 0 and

x2 + y2 + 12x + 6y + q = 0 are orthogonal to each
other, then what will be the value of 5p + 5q?

A 30

B 75

C 25

D 35
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
 JEE MAINS:
Radical AxisCIRCLES
of a Circle

Let two circles be

S1 : x2+y2+2gx+2fy+c=0
S2 : x2+y2+2g’x+2f’y+c’=0
then equation on radical axis is S1 - S2 = 0
i.e., 2(g-g’)x+2(f-f’)+(c-c’) = 0

A radical axis of two circles is the locus of a point that moves in such a way that
the tangent lines drawn from it to the two circles are of the same length.
The radical axis of 2 circles is a line perpendicular to the line joining the centres.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The perpendicular distance from the origin to the

radical axis of the circles 2x2 + 2y2- 3x - y +3 = 0 and
3x2 + 3y2 - x + y - 1 = 0 is

D
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
 PowerJEE MAINS:
of a point withCIRCLES
respect to a circle

● The power of a point P with respect to any circle is PA . PB.

● From the geometry, we can write PA . PB = PT2
● Thus, the power of a point is the square of the length of the tangent
to a circle from that point.

B
Power = PA PB
= PT2 A
= ( √S1)2
= S1 P

T
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES

Q. The equation of the chord AB of circle

x2 + y2 = 2 passing through the point
P(2, 2) such that PB/PA = 3 is given by

A x=3y

B x=y

C y-2=√3(x - 2)

D None of these
 JEEPair
MAINS: CIRCLES
of tangents

T2 = SS1
(xx1 + yy1- r2 )2 = (x2 + y2 -r2)(x12 + y12 - r2 )

T1

(x1., y1)

T2
 JEEDIRECTOR
MAINS: CIRCLES
CIRCLE

● The locus of the point of intersection of two perpendicular tangents to a circle

is called the Director circle.
● Director circle is a concentric circle whose radius is times the radius of the
given circle.
JEE MAINS: CIRCLES
Q. A circle S of radius 'a' is the director circle of another
circle S1. S1 is the director circle of circle S2 and so on. If the
sum of radii of all these circles is 2, then the value of 'a' is

A 2

B √2

C 2 + √2

D 2 - √2