VIJETHA VIDYALAYA

(Affiliated to CBSE)
PART A Notes
CLASS: X SUB:IT (402)

Communication Skills
1. What is Communication?
The word ‘communication’ means ‘to share’.
2. What do you mean by Communication skills?
Communication skills are those skills which are needed to speak and write
properly.
3. Who is an effective speaker?
A person who is able to speak appropriately while maintaining eye contact
with the audience, uses varied vocabulary and modifies speech to make
his message clear to his audience.
4. Who is an effective writer?
A person who is able to write words in various styles and techniques to
communicate his/her message and ideas to the readers.
5. What is importance of communication?
Communication is very important for maintaining your relations with other
people. Communication is important for following:
• Inform: It is required to give facts or information to someone.
• Influence: It is required to influence or change someone in an indirect
but important way.
• Express feelings: It is needed to express your feelings in a healthy
way.
6.Explain elements of communication?
There are two elements of communication:
Giving: Information can be given by speaking and writing.
Receiving: Information can be received by Reading and listening to
someone.
7. What do you mean by Perspectives in Communication?
Perspectives are ideas, views, or fixed ways of thinking.
8. Explain different factors that affect Perspectives in
Communication.
i. Language: In case of use of incorrect words, unfamiliar language,
language can act as a barrier for communication.
ii. Visual Perception: Judging others or situations by their look
iii. Past Experience: Past experience can also stop us from
communicating clearly.
iv. Prejudice: Fixed ideas about others may become barrier for
communication.
v. Feelings: Our feelings and emotions such as lack of interest or not
trusting the other person may affect communication.
vi. Environment: Noise or disturbance in the surroundings may make
communication difficult.
vii. Personal factors: Our own feelings, habits and ways of thinking (fear,
lack of confidence) may make communication difficult.
viii. Culture: Different cultures have different meaning for symbols. For
example showing a thumb may mean ‘good job’ for someone but may be
insulting to others.
9. Explain are 7Cs of communication.
i. Clear: Be clear about what you wan to communicate.
ii. Concise: Communicate only important things by using simple words.
iii. Concrete: Use exact words and phrases.
iv. Correct: Use correct spellings, language and grammar.
v. Coherent: Your words should make sense and must be related to main
topic.
vi. Complete: Your message should have all the needed information.
vii. Courteous: Be respectful, friendly and honest.
10. What is verbal communication?
Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words.
11. Explain types of verbal communication?
There are two types of verbal communication:
i. Oral Communication: Communication which involves talking.
ii. Written Communication: Communication which involves written or
typed words
12. What are advantages of verbal communication?
i. Verbal communication is easy and quick.
ii. You can say what you want and get a quick response.
iii. It is an easy way to exchange ideas.
13. What are disadvantages of verbal communication?
Verbal communication depends on words, sometimes the meanings
become confusing and difficult to understand if the right words are not
used.
14. What is Public Speaking?
Speaking in front of a large group is known as public speaking.
15. What are 3Ps of communication?
i. Prepare – Think about your topic and what your listeners need to know
about the topic. Also think about the best way to make your listeners
understand your topic.
ii. Practice – Practice by yourself. Talk in front of a mirror or in front of
your family and friends and take their reviews. Speak clearly, loudly and at
the right speed.
iii. Perform – Take a few deep breaths if you are feeling nervous. Think
about what you have prepared and start speaking confidently.
16. What is non verbal communication? What is importance of non
verbal communication?
Non-verbal communication is the message we send to others without
using any words. We send signals and messages to others through
expressions, gestures and body postures.
Non verbal communication makes our message better in following ways:
• Using the right gestures and postures helps us to be professional at
work.
• Using the right gestures while speaking makes our message more
effective.
• Knowing non-verbal communication helps us understand our audience’s
reaction and adjust our behaviour or communication accordingly.
• If verbal messages are blocked by noise or distance, etc., we can use
hand movements to exchange our message.
17. Write types of non verbal communication.
i. Facial Expression
ii. Posture
iii. Body Language
iv. Touch
v. Eye Contact
18. What is visual communication?
Communication which involves sending and understanding messages only
through images or pictures
19. What is meaning and importance of Feedback in a
communication?
Feedback is defined as the response given by the receiver to the sender.
The sender needs response of the receiver in order to decide
effectiveness of communication.
Feedback can be negative or positive. Feedback could be a non verbal
(smile/sigh/nod/frown)or
verbal (oral/Written)

20. What do you mean by communication Barrier?

These are the blockages due to which the message may not be received
by the receiver.
21. List different communication Barriers.
• Personal barriers
• Organisational barriers
• Cultural barriers
• Semantic barriers
• Gender barriers
• Perceptional barriers
• Language barriers
• Emotional barriers
• Environmental barriers
• Physical barriers
22. How can we overcome communication Barriers?
We can overcome communication barriers in following ways:
i. Active Listening
‘Active listening’ means,actively listening that is fully concentrating on
what is being said rather than just ‘hearing’ the message of the speaker.
ii. Use Simple Language
It’s important to use language that can be easily understood. Avoid using
medical terms or jargons while speaking to clients and their families.
iii. Give Constructive Feedback
Feedback is an very important part of communication. Feedback that we
give to speaker may sometimes be negative but it must be constructive.
23. What is Written Communication?
Written communication is the act of writing, typing or printing symbols like
letters and numbers to convey information. It is helpful because we can
keep a record of information for reference. Writing is commonly used to
share information through books, pamphlets, blogs, letters, memos, e –
mail and SMS etc.
24. Write advantages of Written Communication.
i. Permanent Record
ii. Detailed Presentation
iii. Easy Circulation
iv. Suitable for Statistical Data
v. Promotes Goodwill
25. Write disadvantages of Written Communication.
i. Time consuming
ii. Non-flexible
iii.No Scope for clarification
iv. writing Proficiency is needed
v. Probability of wrong Interpretation
26. What is a sentence?
A set of words that is complete in itself conveying a statement, question,
exclamation, or command and consisting of a main clause and one or
more subordinate clauses.
27. Explain types of sentence.
There are four types of sentences:
i. Declarative Sentence: It is used to tell something and ends with a
period(.)
ii. Interrogative Sentence: It is used to represent a question and ends
with a question mark(?)
iii. Exclamatory Sentence: It is used to represent strong feeling and ends
with an exlamation
mark(!)
iv. Imperative Sentence: It is used to give a cammand and ends with a
period(.) or exclamation
mark(!).
28. Explain parts of speech.
There are 8 parts of speech.
i. Verb: It represents an action or state of being. For example:Run, jump
or read, like, is, or, was etc.
ii. Noun: It represents a thing or idea. For example: Dog, Ramesh,
birthday, democracy.
iii. Adverb: It represents how an action occured. For example: quickly,
slowly, carefully.
iv. Adjective: It tells about a noun. For example: Big, Red, Father’s.
v. Pronoun: It is used to replace a noun. For example: It, I, them, us.
vi. Preposition: It represents a relationship. For example: Over, on,
beside.
vii. Conjunction: They are used to join words and phrases. For example:
And, or , because.
viii. Interjection: It represents surprise. For example: Wow!, Oh My!
29. Explain article writing.
Article writing is the process of creating a non-fiction text about current or
recent news, items of general interest or specific topic.
30. Explain format of Article Writing.
31. What is a paragraph?
Paragraph is a group of sentences that are organized and are all related
to a single topic.
Self Management Skills
32. What is Stress? What are its impacts?
Stress refers to a “physical, mental, or emotional strain or tension”. Small
amount of stress can have positive effects and they can help us to jump to
next level of output. But high level of stress over longer period of time may
result into ill mental and physical health.
33. What is the meaning and Importance of Stress Management?
Stress Management refers to human efforts for maintaining a healthy body
and mind in stressful situations.
34. What factors can cause stress in students?
Mental: Students can get stressed if they are unable to handle their
assignment submission deadlines and examination result.
Physical: children may seek more independence, may become very
conscious of their looks and have to cope up with hormonal changes. All
these things can result into stress.
Social : Children may get stressed due to family disputes, peer pressure,
maintaining balance in relationships amongst friends and status show off .
Financial: Children may become stressed as they are financially
dependent on others.
35. What is importance of Stress Management
•Improves mood
•Boosts immunity system
•Promotes longevity
•Leads to burst of physical strength necessary for achieving goals.
• Complete mental and physical engagement for completing their tasks.
• Increases efficiency and effectiveness
•Prevents psychological disorders and behavioral problems.
36. What are symptoms of stress?
Stress is a mental state which may show different symptoms for different
persons. Most common symptoms of stress are:
Physical signs: breathlessness, dry mouth, butterflies in
stomach,indigestion, nausea, acidity, fatigue, sweaty palms, cold
handsand feet, irritation, hyperactivity etc
Mental signs: irritation, impatience, loneliness, upset mood, anxiety, ,
depression, frustration, boredom,guilt, insecurity and forgetfulness.
37. Which activities can help in stress management?
The following activities can help in stress management.
Physical Exercise: Physical exercise like walking, skipping or playing
some game may remove stress as they stabilize mood, improve self-
esteem and gives sleep.
Yoga: Yoga helps to reduce stress. It consists of postures and breathing
exercises get control of body and mind.
Meditation: It is a practice in which person has to focus his/her mind on a
particular object, thought or activity to calm his mind.
Recreational activities: Recreational activities like watching movies,
attending concerts, playing games, adventure sports, singing, dancing an
sketching can result in managing stress.
Going On Vacations: Going to vacations with Family and Friends takes
us away from routine life and help us see and appreciate different faces of
life.
Nature Walks: natural walks in a national park ,sanctuary or village brings
calmness which further helps us to relax.
38. What do you mean by ability to Work Independently?
This means that one must learn to take ownership of the task assigned
and doing best to accomplish the task. A person who has the ability to
work independently need not be supervised for the task completion.
39.What is the importance of The Ability to Work Independently?
• It makes a person feel more empowered and responsible
• It provides flexibility to choose and define working hours and working
mechanisms.
• Failure and success of the task are accounted by individuals
• Individuals become assets to organizations, groups and nations
• It ensures creativity and satisfaction amongst individuals.
40. How can ‘ability to Work Independently’ enhanced?
Ability to work independently can be enhanced as:
Self-Awareness: Having conscious knowledge of your own self,
capabilities, feelings and one’s own character is called as self-awareness.
It helps individuals to create their own ways of working independently.
Self-Motivation: Self-motivated individuals have an inner urge to do
something, achieve their goals without any external pressure/lure for
award or appreciation
Self-Regulation: Self-regulation guides independent individuals as it
helps them consider long term consequences. It leads to a responsible
behaviour. It teaches self – control and well directed efforts to reach goal.
Entreprenuer skills
41. What is a business?
Business is an economic activity for continuous production and distribution
of goods and services for satisfying human needs. Businesses can be
profit as well as nonprofit organisation.
42. What is Entrepreneurship?
The process of launching and running a business using new innovative
ideas to meet customer needs and to make a profit is entrepreneurship.
43. What is the role of Entrepreneurship?
Money in Circulation: Entrepreneurs provide better and cheaper products
and services for customers, So money comes into circulation hence the
economy grows.
Social Development: Entrepreneurs create new Jobs so they help to
socially develop people.
Improved Standard of Living— Entrepreneurs make more things
available for people so that they can live a better and comfortable life.
Optimal Use of Resources: Entrepreneurs try to find optimal ways to use
existing resources to reduce costs and increase their profits.
Cheaper Products and Services at Competitive Prices: Entrepreneurs
compete in the market So prices of products automatically come down.
44. What are qualities of a Successful Entrepreneur?
• Patience
• Positivity
• Hardworking
• Never Giving Up
• Confidence
• Open to Trial and Error
• Creativity
• Innovation
45. Explain characteristics of Entrepreneurship.
i. Ability to take risks
ii. Believe in hard work and discipline
iii. Flexible to achieve the goals of better quality and customer
satisfaction
iv. Knowledge of the product and services and their demand in the
market
v. Financial literacy and money management skills
vi. Effective planning and execution.
46. What are benefits of entrepreneurship?
• Do what you are interested to do.
• Work for yourself not for others.
• Make profits for yourself.
• More the risk, more the profit.
• Early exposure to the real world.
• Helps to creating difference in society.

47. What are myths about Entrepreneurship?

• All entrepreneurs have great ideas.
• You must have a good idea.
• Businesses either flourish or fail.
• Entrepreneurs take lots of risks.
• One must know everything before starting a business.
• A lot of money is required to start any business.
48. Write steps to start a business.
i. Idea: The first step is to come up with a business idea. Business idea
may be based on something of your interest or need of market.
ii. Getting money and material: Next step is to purchase basic material
for starting the business.
iii.Understanding customer needs: After starting the business, you will
come to know about what customers like or dislike.
iv.Improving product/service: You can use this knowledge of what your
customer likes or dislikes to improve your product.
49. What do you mean by green economy?
A green economy is that which promotes development while keeping the
environment protected.
50. What do you mean by ecological imbalance? What causes
ecological imbalance?
Ecological Imbalance is caused when natural or a man-made disturbance
disrupts the natural balance of an ecosystem. Different factors that cause
ecological imbalance are:
• Deforestation
• Degradation of Land and Soil Erosion
• Overexploitation of Resources
• Industrial and Atmospheric Pollution
• Faulty Mining Practices
51. What do you mean by Natural Resource Conservation?
Natural Resource Conservation is a term that specifies that we need to
conserve and save our natural resources like Air, Water, Land (Soil and
Forest) and Energy so that future human generations can survive.
52. What do you mean by green economy? What is its importance?
Green Economy is biological economy that is concerned with renewable
energy, green buildings, clean transportation, water, waste and land
management. It is also defined as low carbon, resource efficient and
socially inclusive economy. Growth in employment and income are
driven by public and private investment into such economic activities,
infrastructure and assets that allow reduced carbon emissions and
pollution, enhanced energy and resource efficiency, and prevention of the
loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services.
53. What do you mean by Sustainable Development?
Sustainable means what is good for the economy as well as the future of
the environment. For example, natural farming without using chemical
fertilizers.
55. How can an individual contribute to Sustainable Development
Goals?
Sustainable development can happen only when each one of us works
towards it.one has to become a responsible environment citizen who can
protect the environment through our efforts, who can help others to get
quality education, by reducing inequalities in the society etc.

56. Goal setting is a very essential factor in your personal life. List all
the SMART methods to set the goals. Explain ‘A’ in brief.
SMART GOALS ARE:
S – Specific
M- Measurable
A – Achievable
 R – Realistic
T – Time bound
Specific: Your goal should be clear and specific, otherwise you won’t be
able to focus your efforts to achieve it. When drafting your goal.
Measurable: It’s important to have measurable goals, so that you can
track your progress and stay motivated. Assessing progress helps you to
stay focused, meet your deadlines, and feel the excitement of getting
closer to achieving your goal.
A measurable goal should address questions such as:
• How much?
• How many?
• How will I know when it is accomplished?
Achievable
Your goal also needs to be realistic and attainable to be successful. In
other words, it should stretch your abilities but still remain possible. When
you set an achievable goal, you may be able to identify previously
overlooked opportunities or resources that can bring you closer to it.
An achievable goal will usually answer questions such as:
• ?
4. Relevant
This step is about ensuring that your goal matters to you, and that it also
aligns with other relevant goals. We all need support and assistance in
achieving our goals, but it’s important to retain control over them. So,
make sure that your plans drive everyone forward, but that you’re still
responsible for achieving your own goal.
A relevant goal can answer “yes” to these questions:
• Does this seem worthwhile?
• Is this the right time?
• Does this match our other efforts/needs?
• Am I the right person to reach this goal?
• Is it applicable in the current socio-economic environment?
Time-bound
Every goal needs a target date, so that you have a deadline to focus on
and something to work toward. This part of the SMART goal criteria helps
to prevent everyday tasks from taking priority over your longer-term goals.
A time-bound goal will usually answer these questions:
• When?
• What can I do six months from now?
• What can I do six weeks from now?
• What can I do today?

57. What are the measures to increase the performance of a computer

system?
The performance of a computer can be increased by following steps:
• Remove extra files like temporary files and images.
• Use some disk cleaner software.
• Update softwares on regular basis.
ICT skills

Q1. What do you mean by ICT?

Ans. ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICT
refers to all the tools related to storing, recording and sending digital
information.
Q2. Differentiate between Hardware and Software ? Ans. Hardware
Software The physical components that we can see and touch. It is a set
of programs/instructions that perform a specific task Monitor, Keyboard
are examples of Hardware MS Paint, MS Word are examples of Software.
Q3. What do you mean by Operating System?
Ans. Operating System : It is a software that act as an interface between
the user and the computer.
Q4. Give two examples of mobile operating system. Ans. Two examples
of mobile operating system : a. Apple iOS b. Google Android
Q5. Name two operating systems for laptops or desktop.
Ans. Two operating systems for laptops or desktop are: a. Ubuntu b.
Microsoft Windows
Q6. Identify me
a. I am a physical part of computer.
b. I am a collection of instruction doing specific task.
c. I am the software that starts working as soon as we switch on a
computer.
d. I am an input device used to type text, numbers etc
e. I am a small device that you can use to move, select and open items on
your computer screen.
Ans. a. Hardware b. Software c. Operating System d. Keyboard e. Mouse
Q7. Expand BIOS?
Ans. BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System
Q8. What do you mean by Input device? Give two examples.
Ans. Those devices which are used to feed data/command into the
computer are called Input device. for example Keyboard and Mouse.
Q9. What do you mean by drag and drop?
Ans. Moving an item from one location to another with the help of mouse
button. This is called drag and drop.
Q10. Differentiate between files and folder.
Ans. File Folder A place where information is stored in computer.
A location where a group of files can be stored. It has a name and
extension both It has only name.
Q11. Write the extension for the following.
a. A Notepad file b. A Sound File c. An image file
Ans. Extensions are a. .txt b. .mp3 c. .jpg
Q12. The file name and file name extension are separated by a
________________ Ans. dot ( . )
Q13. Write the steps to create folder on desktop?
Ans. The steps to create folder on desktop are:
1. Right-click on desktop and then choose the ‘New Folder’.
2. Type the name of the folder.
Q14. Write the shortcut command for the following.
a. Cut b. Copy c. Paste d. Undo e. Redo f. Select all
Ans. Shortcut commands are:
a. Cut ———– Ctrl + X b. Copy ———– Ctrl + C
c. Paste ———– Ctrl + V d. Undo ———– Ctrl + Z
e. Redo ———– Ctrl + Y f. Select all ———– Ctrl + A
Q15. Write the basic tips for taking care of Laptop/Desktop
. Ans. Basic tips for taking care of Computer are :
1. Avoid eating anything over a keyboard.
2. Wipe the screen with a soft cloth.
3. Avoid eating or drinking near computer.
4. Handle and move your laptop carefully.
Q16. What do you mean by Data Backup?
Ans. Backing up data means to save the information present on your
computer on another device, such as CD/DVD drives or hard disk.
Q17. What do you mean by Spam?
Ans. We get mails from companies who are advertising a product or trying
to attract you to their website. Such mails are called Spam.
Q18. How can you increase the performance of a computer?
Ans. We can increase the performance of a computer by
a. Using an updated Antivirus Software
b. Removing unnecessary files and data, such as temporary files and
images.
Q19. ________________ is leakage of information stored in a computer.
Ans. Security break
Q20. What do you mean by Virus?
Ans. Viruses are computer programs that can damage the data and
software programs or steal the information stored on a computer.
Q21. Name two types of Virus. Ans. Worms and Trojan Horse
Q22. Differentiate between Worms and Trojan Horse.
Ans. Worms Trojan These are viruses that replicate and A Trojan Horse
seems to be a useful program spread to all files once they attack a
computer. but once it reaches a computer it starts destroying data.
Q23. What do you mean by Online predators?
Ans. Online Predator: Online predators are people who trap you into
inappropriate relationships.
Q24. Write few tips to protect your data from online theft and viruses.
Ans. Few tips to protect our data from online theft and viruses are:
a. Use passwords to login to your computer:
b. Install Anti-virus and Firewall:
c. Use Data Encryption
d. Give details of your credit card or bank account only on secure sites
Q25. What do you mean by threats to Computer?
Ans. Threats are the ways in which personal information can be leaked
from a computer without our knowing.
Q26. List the various threats to a computer and its data.
Ans. The various threats to a computer and its data are:
1 Virus 2. Phishing 3. Online theft 4. Cyber crime 5. Hacking
 Q27. __________________ is stealing of software and using of
unlicensed and unauthorized copies of a computer software.
Ans. Software Piracy Q28. What is ‘s’ in “https”? Ans. ‘s’ stands for
secure.
Q29. Name the encrypting feature of Windows.
Ans. BitLocker
Q30. List the various types of keys available on Keyboard.
Ans. The various types of keys available on Keyboard are : a. Control
keys b. Function Keys c. Alphabet Keys d. Numeric Keys e. Navigation
Keys
Q31. When the ____________ key is turned ON, it helps to overwrite
characters to the right of the cursor. Ans. INSERT
Q32. Name two keys available on keyboard which are used to remove
typed text or characters. Ans. Delete and Backspace
Q33. _________ key helps to move the cursor to the beginning of a new
line. Ans. RETURN or ENTER
Q34. Pressing ______________ key opens the Start menu.
Ans. Windows
Q35. Name any two file extensions
Ans. Two file extensions are : a) .txt b) .doc c) .jpg d) .xls