Hkkjr esa vkokl dh ço`fÙk ,oa

çxfr fjiksVZ 2024

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 fo"k; lwph
v/;k;

fooj.k i`"B la-

v/;k; 1% oSf'od vkSj ?kjsyw vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa vkoklh; {ks= dk fogaxkoyksdu 9
1-1 oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa vkoklh; ifjn``'; 11
1-2 Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa vkoklh; ifjn`'; 12
1-3 jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad }kjk iqufoZÙk lgk;rk 14
1-4 Hkkjr esa vkokl ewY; lwpdkad & ,u,pch jsthMsDl 16
1-5 jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad dh Hkwfedk 17

v/;k; 2% Hkkjr esa vkokl 23

2-1 ifjp; 25
2-2 vkoklh; igysa 25
2-3 vkoklh; ;kstukvksa esa gqbZ çxfr 26
2-4 ^^lcds fy, vkokl^^ fe'ku esa jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad dh Hkwfedk 35
2-5 'kgjh volajpuk fodkl fufèk ¼;wvkbZMh,Q½ 39
2-6 'kgjh izokfl;ksa@xjhcksa ds fy, fdQk;rh fdjk;k vkokl ifjlj ¼,vkj,plh½ 41
2-7 Xykscy gkmflax VsDuksykWth pSysat&bafM;k ¼th,pVhlh&bafM;k½ 42
2-8 gfjr vkokl 42
2-9 jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad dh xks&xzhu igy 43
2-10 vuqla/kku v/;;u 44

v/;k; 3% vkokl foÙk {ks= esa çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ dk ifjpkyu vkSj dk;Z 51
fu"iknu
3-1 vkokl {ks= 53
3-2 çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ }kjk vkokl {ks= dks _.k çokg 55
3-3 flracj 2024 rd ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn ds lkis{k vkbZ,p,y cdk;k dk vuqikr 59
3-4 cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k ¼vkbZ,p,y½ esa çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ dk jkT;&okj 60
dk;Z&fu"iknu
3-5 oS;fäd vkokl _.k ¼vkbZ,p,y½ ds laforj.k esa çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ dk jkT;&okj 61
dk;Z&fu"iknu
3-6 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk dk;Z&fu"iknu 63
3-7 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh foÙkh; :ijs[kk 64
3-8 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds m/kkj dh çksQkby 67
3-9 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ka 69
3-10 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh vkfLr çksQkby 70
3-11 vkokl foÙk esa lgdkjh {ks= ds laLFkku 74

v/;k; 4% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds i;Zos{k.k lEcU/kh ?kVukØe 75

4-1 i;Zos{k.k 77
4-2 i;Zos{kh ifji= 78
4-3 vU; fofu;ked fudk;ksa ds lkFk leUo; 78
4-4 {kerk fuekZ.k dk;ZØe 79
4-5 vxzxkeh igysa 79

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fooj.k i`"B la-
v/;k; 5% Hkkoh ifj–'; 81
5-1 vkfFkZd ifj–'; 83
5-2 vkokl ifj–'; 83
5-3 vkokl {ks= ds fy, vkxs dk jkLrk% fodflr Hkkjr dh vksj 85

vuqca/k

vuqca/k I: ,u,pch jsthMsDl 90

vuqca/k II% ;Fkk 31 ekpZ] 2024 ds lkFk fiNys o"kksZa ds nkSjku lHkh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk foÙkh; dk;Z&fu"iknu 94
vuqca/k III% vk-fo-da- }kjk jkT;@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kokj oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.k dk laforj.k 98
vuqca/k IV% ,lh,p,Q n~okjk laforfjr vkokl _.k vkSj fufeZr bdkbZ;k¡ 99

rkfydk

rkfydk 3-1% çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa }kjk cdk;k ,oa laforfjr oS;fäd vkokl _.k 55
rkfydk 3-2% çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa }kjk oS;fDrd vkokl _.k esa xzkeh.k fgLlsnkjh 56
rkfydk 3-3% çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa }kjk {ks=okj cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k ,oa laforj.k 57
rkfydk 3-4% jkT;okj & oS;fäd vkokl _.k & cdk;k 60
rkfydk 3-5% vf[ky Hkkjrh; & oS;fäd vkokl _.k & lap;h laforj.k 62
rkfydk 3-6% vk-fo-da- ds çeq[k foÙkh; ladsr 64
rkfydk 3-7% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk dk;Z fu"iknu & ifCyd fyfeVsM vkSj çkbosV fyfeVsM 66
rkfydk 3-8% lkoZtfud tekjkf'k Lohdkj djus vkSj u Lohdkj djus okyh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk dk;Z
66
fu"iknu
rkfydk 3-9% vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj cgq&jkT; lgdkjh cSadksa vkSj vU; }kjk çk;ksftr vkokl foÙk
67
daifu;ksa dh dk;Z&fu"iknu
rkfydk 3-10% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk cdk;k m/kkj dh ço`fÙk 68
rkfydk 3-11% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds cdk;k _.kksa vkSj vfxzeksa ,oa fuos'kksa dh ço`fÙk 71
rkfydk 3-12% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk oS;fäd LySc okj vkokl _.k laforj.k dh ço`fÙk 72
rkfydk 3-13% foxr 3 o"kksZa dk vkokl foRr daifu;ksa n~okjk oS;fDrdksa dks vkokl&_.k iz;kstu okj laforj.k 73
rkfydk 3-14% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds vkokl _.kksa ds m/kkjdrkZvksa ds izdkj&okj laforj.k dh ço`fÙk 74

xzkQ

xzkQ 1-1% okLrfod fjgk;'kh laifÙk ewY;ksa ¼o"kZ&nj&o"kZ½ esa çfr'kr cnyko 12
xzkQ 1-2% izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkvksa ds cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k iksVZQksfy;ks ¼# djksM+ esa½ 13
xzkQ 1-3% ;Fkk flracj 24 dks vk; oxhZdj.k ds vkHkkj okj vk-fo-da- dk oS;fDrd vkokl _.k dk izfr'kr fgLlk 14
xzkQ 1-4% ,pihvkbZ @ vkdyu ewY; esa mrkj&p<+ko 16
xzkQ 1-5% fuekZ.kk/khu laifÙk;ksa gsrq ,pihvkbZ @ cktkj ewY; esa mrkj&p<+ko 17
xzkQ 2-1% ih,e,okbZ&th dh o"kZokj çxfr foÙk o"kZ eas iw.kZ gq, vkoklksa dh dqy la[;k ¼yk[k eas½ 26

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fooj.k i`"B la-
xzkQ 2-2% ih,e,okbZ ¼xzkeh.k½ dh jkT;okj izxfr ¼iw.kZ vkoklksa dh la[;k*½ 27
xzkQ 2-3% ih,e,okbZ&'kgjh dh jkT;&okj izxfr ¼LohÑr vkoklksa dh la[;k*½ 31
xzkQ 2-4% ih,e,okbZ¼;w½ ds ?kVdksa dh çxfr ¼yk[k esa Loh—r bdkb;ksa dh la[;k½ ¼07 vDVwcj] 2024 rd½ 32
xzkQ 2-5% lh,y,l,l ds rgr ykHkkFkhZ vkSj C;kt lfClMh 33
xzkQ 2-6% ih,e,okbZ lh,y,l,l ¼;w½ ds rgr lfClMh laforj.k ¼` djksM+ esa½ 35
xzkQ 2-7% jk-vk-cSad }kjk bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth gsrq ih,e,okbZ&lh,y,l,l lap;h lfClMh laforj.k dk
36
jkT;&okj forj.k ¼jkf'k ` djksM+ esa½
xzkQ 2-8% jk-vk-cSad }kjk ,evkbZth gsrq ih,e,okbZ&lh,y,l,l lap;h lfClMh laforj.k dk jkT;&okj forj.k
37
¼jkf'k ` djksM+ esa½
xzkQ 3-1% vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa ds cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k 54
xzkQ 3-2% dqy cdk;k _.k ¼,llhch½ esa cdk;k vkokl _.k dk çfr'kr fgLlk 54
xzkQ 3-3% vkokl foRr daifu;ksa ds cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k ¼jkf'k ` yk[k djksM+½ 55
xzkQ 3-4% vk-fo-da- dh 'kk[kkvksa dh la[;k vkSj vk-fo-da- dh Js.kh 63
xzkQ 3-5% vk-fo-da- dh 'kk[kkvksa@dk;kZy;ksa dk jkT;@la?k {ks=okj forj.k 64
xzkQ 3-6% vkokl foRr daifu;ksa n~okjk laxzfgr lalk/ku ¼ekpZ ds var esa½ ¼% fgLlk½ 68
xzkQ 3-7% foxr rhu o"kksZa esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh vkdkj&okj lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa dh izo`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½ 69
xzkQ 3-8% foxr 3 o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh C;kt nj&okj lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa dh izo`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½ 70
xzkQ 3-9% foxr 3 o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh ifjiDork&okj lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa dh ço`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½ 70
xzkQ 3-10% vk-fo-da- ds cdk;k _.kksa vkSj vfxzeksa ,oa fuos'kksa dh izo`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½ 71
xzkQ 3-11 % foÙk o"kZ 2024 ds nkSjku vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds oS;fäd vkokl _.k laforj.k dk vof'k"V
ifjiDork iSVuZ ¼% fgLlk½
72
xzkQ 3-12% iz;kstu okj vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa izo`fÙk 73
xzkQ 5-1% çkFkfed _.k laLFkkuksa }kjk frekgh&okj oS;fDrd vkokl _.k laforj.k ¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
84

ckWDl

c‚Dl 1-1% vk-fo-da- gsrq vkbZ,p,y cdk;k vkSj laforj.k dk vk; lewgokj fo'ys"k.k 15
c‚Dl 1-2% dsUnzh; ctV esa vkokl {ks= vkSj 'kgjh volajpuk ij ?kks"k.kk,¡+ 19
c‚Dl 2-1% uhfr vk;ksx }kjk ih,e,okbZ&th ds lacaèk esa ewY;kadu vè;;u dsanz izk;ksftr ;kstuk dk ewY;kadu &
28
xzkeh.k fodkl {ks=
c‚Dl 2-2% çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ 2-0 33
c‚Dl 2-3% vkokl] larqf"V vkSj vkthfodk& nks jkT;ksa esa ih,e,okbZ&;w dk çHkko vkdyu 38
c‚Dl 2-4% ve`r vkSj ,llh,e dh çxfr vkSj miyfCèk;ka 40
ckWDl 2-5% jk-vk-cSad }kjk Hkkjrh; çcaèku laLFkku ¼vkbZvkbZ,e½ dks foÙk iksf"kr 'kksèk fjiksVZ ds çeq[k fu"d"kksZa dk
44
lkjka'k
c‚Dl 3-1% vkokl foÙk esa {ks=h; vlekurk 57
c‚Dl 3-2% iath—r vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh dk;Z fu"ikndrk 65
ckWDl 5-1% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ij fo"k;xr v/;;u 85
ckWDl 5-2% cSafdax {ks= esa ldkjkRed #>ku& Hkkjr dh fodkl vkdka{kkvksa vkSj vkokl ekax dks leFkZu 85
ckWDl 5-3% vkokl {ks= ds fy, pqukSfr;ka vkSj volj pqukSfr;ka 87

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 dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k

bl fjiksVZ dk ifjp;kRed vè;k; vkbZ,e,Q ds vkdyu ds vkèkkj ij fofHkUu vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vuqekfur fodkl
njksa ds lkFk&lkFk oSf'od vkSj ?kjsyw vkfFkZd fodkl dk voyksdu çnku djrk gSA v/;k; esa vkoklh; {ks= ds foLrkj
dk Js; ljdkj dh vxqokbZ okyh igyksa dh rhoz xfr] çkS|ksfxdh ds ,dhdj.k] fLFkj C;kt njksa] gfjr fuekZ.k çFkkvksa
vkSj ÅtkZ n{k fMtkbuksa ds ekè;e ls oguh;rk] lkFk esa jgus] vkfn dks fn;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjä] bl v/;k; esa
oSf'od vkokl dherksa ds mrkj&p<+ko vkSj 50 'kgjksa dks doj djrs gq, Hkkjr esa jk-vk-cSad ds vkokl ewY; lwpdkad
ij Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
v/;k; ,d foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku i;Zos{k.k] iqufoZÙk] lao/kZu vkSj fodkl esa jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ds dk;Z fu"iknu
ij Hkh çdk'k Mkyrk gSA xkSjryc gS fd o"kZ 2023 gsrq cSad dh fganh if=dk ^^vkokl Hkkjrh^^ dks uxj jktHkk"kk
dk;kZUo;u lfefr] fnYyh }kjk çFke iqjLdkj ls iqjL—r fd;k x;kA
fjiksVZ ds nwljs vè;k; esa çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½] çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&xzkeh.k
¼ih,e,okbZ&th½] vkSj xzkeh.k vkokl C;kt lfClMh ;kstuk ¼vkj,pvkbZ,l,l½ tSlh ljdkjh igyksa vkSj ;kstukvksa ij
çdk'k Mkyk x;k gS] ftUgksaus bl {ks= ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;k gSA fjiksVZ esa ih,e,okbZ&lh,y,l,l ds
fy, dsaæh; uksMy ,tsalh ds :i esa jk-vk-cSad dh Hkwfedk dks Hkh js[kkafdr fd;k x;k gS vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls detksj
oxksZa ¼bZMCY;w,l½] fuEu vk; lewgksa ¼,yvkbZth½ vkSj eè;e vk; lewgksa ¼,evkbZth½ ds fy, cSad }kjk tkjh lfClMh dk
jkT;okj fo'ys"k.k çnku fd;k x;k gSA blds vfrfjDr] bl vè;k; esa 'kgjh volajpuk fodkl fufèk ¼;wvkbZMh,Q½
ds mís';ksa lfgr bldh Lohd`fr;ksa vkSj laforj.kksa ij Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA xzhu fcfYMax eSVsfj;y] LekVZ gkse fMokbl
vkSj ÅtkZ dq'ky ç.kkyh tSlh vfHkuo vkSj fVdkÅ vkokl çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds ek/;e ls fdQk;rh vkokl dks c<+kok nsus
esa jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ds ç;klksa ij Hkh çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA
blds vfrfjä] v/;k; rhu ds varxZr fjiksVZ esa vkokl foÙk esa çkFkfed _.k laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ ds lapkyu vkSj
çn'kZu ij ppkZ dh xbZ gS] ftlesa cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k] laforj.k] xzkeh.k lajpuk vkSj HkkSxksfyd dojst tSls
çeq[k ehfVªd çLrqr fd, x, gSaA fiNys rhu o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds çn'kZu dk fo'ys"k.k çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA
vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds i;Zos{k.k ij pkSFks vè;k; esa LFkyh; fujh{k.k vkSj LFkysÙkj fuxjkuh ra=] vk-fo-da- ds tksf[ke
vkèkkfjr i;Zos{k.k vkSj vU; fu;ked fudk;ksa ds lkFk leUo; ds ekè;e ls vuqikyu lqfuf'pr djus esa jk-vk-cSad dh
Hkwfedk ij çdk'k Mkyk x;k gSA
fjiksVZ oSf'od vkSj Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds –f"Vdks.k vkSj vkokl {ks= ij blds çHkko dks çLrqr djrs gq, lekIr gksrh
gSA blesa vkokl dh dherksa ds #>ku vkSj vkokl foÙk esa vk-fo-da- }kjk fuHkkbZ xbZ Hkwfedk ij Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA
blds vykok] fjiksVZ esa bl ckr ij Hkh çdk'k Mkyk x;k gS fd Hkkjrh; vkokl {ks= us egkekjh ds ckn mYys[kuh;
okilh dh gS] ftlesa [kjhnkjksa dh cnyrh çkFkfedrkvksa vkSj lgk;d foÙkiks"k.k us dkQh enn dh gS] vkSj vkokl _.k
thMhih dk 11 çfr'kr ls vfèkd gSA ih,e,okbZ 2-0] th,lVh] jsjk tSlh igyksa] vkokl oguh;rk esa lqèkkj] vlekurkvksa
dks nwj djus vkSj 'kgjh volajpuk dks c<+kok nsus ds dneksa dk y{; nh?kZdkfyd {ks=h; fodkl gSA

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 v/;k; 1
oSf'od vkSj ?kjsyw vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa
vkoklh; {ks= dk fogaxkoyksdu
 ifjp;kRed lkjka'k
v/;k; 1
oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk us et+cwr uhfrxr <k¡pksa ds lgkjs vkfFkZd >Vdksa dks >syus vkSj mlls mcjus
dh viuh {kerk çnf'kZr dh gSA dsaæh; cSadksa ds ç;klksa ls eqækLQhfr 2022 ds eè; ds vius mPpre
Lrj ls ?kV dj uhps vk xbZ gS vkSj mEehn gS fd ;g 2023 ds 6-7 çfr'kr ls ?kVdj 2025 esa
4-3 çfr'kr rd gks tk,xhA vesfjdk vkSj dbZ mHkjrs cktkjksa esa vkfFkZd xfrfofèk c<+h gS vkSj
2024 vkSj 2025 ds fy, oSf'od fodkl 3-2 çfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku gSA mUur vFkZO;oLFkk,a 1-8
çfr'kr dh o`f) nj ij fLFkj gks jgh gSa] tcfd mHkjrs cktkjksa esa 4-2 çfr'kr dh o`f) nj tkjh
jgus dh mEehn gSA vuqeku gS fd mRiknu esa dVkSrh ds dkj.k 2024 esa rsy dh dherksa esa ekewyh
o`f) gksxh] tcfd fjd‚MZ mPp vukt mRiknu ds dkj.k [kk| dherksa esa fxjkoV vk ldrh gSA
'kgjhdj.k vkSj tula[;k o`f) ds dkj.k vkokl dh ekax esa o`f) tkjh gSA 2024 dh igyh frekgh
esa okLrfod oSf'od vkokl dherksa esa ekewyh fxjkoV ¼1 çfr'kr½ vkbZ] gkykafd dhersa vyx&vyx
{ks=ksa esa vyx&vyx jgh gaSA mUur vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa fLFkjrk ns[kh xbZ] v‚LVªsfy;k vkSj vesfjdk
esa laifÙk dh dhersa c<+ha] ysfdu teZuh vkSj Ýkal esa fxjkoV vkbZA mHkjrs cktkjksa esa] ,f'k;k esa
laifÙk dh dhersa fxj xbZa] [kkldj phu vkSj gkaxdkax esa] ysfdu fQyhihal tSls {ks=ksa esa c<+ xbZaA
Hkkjr dh thMhih o`f) nj foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh nwljh frekgh esa ?kVdj 5-2 çfr'kr jg xbZ] tks [kir
vkSj fuos'k esa deh ds dkj.k gqbZ gSA vuqdwy ekulwu dh fLFkfr ds dkj.k —f"k {ks= dk çn'kZu
vPNk jgk] tcfd ?kjsyw ekax esa deh vkSj oSf'od pqukSfr;ksa ds dkj.k fofuekZ.k {ks= esa eanh jghA
ljdkjh igy] fLFkj C;kt njksa vkSj çkS|ksfxdh ,dhdj.k ds dkj.k vkokl {ks= esa o`f) gks jgh gSA
oguh;rk vkSj volapjuk fodkl ds dkj.k fV;j&II vkSj fV;j&III 'kgjksa esa vkokl dh ekax c<+h gSA
jk-vk-cSad vkokl foÙk laLFkkuksa dks iqufoZÙk lgk;rk çnku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA
jk-vk-cSad dk iqufoZÙk laforj.k fdQk;rh vkokl ij dsafær gS] tks vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxksZa
¼bZMCY;w,l½ vkSj eè;e vk; lewgksa dks lgk;rk çnku djrk gSA
laifÙk;ksa ds vkdyu ewY;ksa ij vkèkkfjr 50 'kgjksa ds ,pihvkbZ ¼,pihvkbZ @ vkdyu ewY;½ us
foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh nwljh frekgh ds nkSjku ,d o"kZ igys ds 4-9 çfr'kr dh rqyuk esa 6-8 çfr'kr
dh okf"kZd o`f) ntZ dhA
30 twu] 2024 rd jk-vk-cSad dh dqy laifÙk 'kwU; fuoy ,uih, ds lkFk ₹1-12 yk[k djksM+ FkhA
fiNys foÙk o"kZ dh rqyuk esa cdk;k iqufoZÙk iksVZQksfy;ks esa 11 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA cSad us
₹10]000 djksM+ ds 'kq#vkrh fufèk ds lkFk 'kgjh volajpuk fodkl ;kstuk dk ifjpkyu fd;k]
ftlds rgr cSad us foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku ₹2]967-97 djksM+ Lohd`r fd, vkSj ₹17-74 djksM+
laforfjr fd,A
pwafd oSf'od vkfFkZd fLFkjrk vkSj fxjrh eqækLQhfr ,d ldkjkRed –f"Vdks.k çnku dj jgh gS]
vkokl {ks= fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fuos'k vkSj lkekftd t:jrksa nksuksa dks iwjk djus esa egRoiw.kZ cuk
gqvk gSA

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1-1 oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa vkoklh; ds fy, 2024 vkSj 2025 ds fy, fodkl nj Øe'k% 1-8
ifjn``'; çfr'kr vkSj 4-2 çfr'kr ij fLFkj jgus dk vuqeku gSA
gkyk¡fd] Hkkjr dh thMhih o`f) laHkkouk 2023 esa 8-2
dbZ ns'kksa esa etcwr uhfrxr <kaps ds dkj.k oSf'od
çfr'kr ls ?kVdj 2024 esa 7-0 çfr'kr vkSj 2025 esa
vFkZO;oLFkk vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dk eqdkcyk djrs gq,
6-5 çfr'kr jgus dh mEehn gS] D;ksafd egkekjh ds
mcj jgh gSA dsaæh; cSadksa ds Bksl ç;klksa ds dkj.k
nkSjku lafpr nch gqbZ ekax vc lekIr gks xbZ gS] D;ksafd
eqækLQhfr 2022 ds eè; ds f'k[kj ls uhps vk xbZ gSA
vFkZO;oLFkk viuh {kerk ds lkFk iqu% ldkjkRed fn'kk
fo'ks"k :i ls la;qä jkT; vesfjdk vkSj dqN mHkjrs
dh vksj c<+ jgh gSAA ¼L=ksr% vkbZ,e,Q] fo'o vkfFkZd
cktkj vkSj eè;e vk; okyh vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa vkfFkZd
vkmVyqd] vDVwcj 2024½
xfrfofèk etcwr gks jgh gSA
oSf'od gsMykbu eqækLQhfr 2023 ds okf"kZd vkSlr vkoklh; ifjn``';
6-7 çfr'kr ls ?kVdj 2024 esa 5-8 çfr'kr vkSj vkxs
vkoklh; {ks= vHkh Hkh nqfu;k Hkj esa ,d mEehn ls Hkjk
2025 esa 4-3 çfr'kr gks tkus dh mEehn gS] ftlesa
lsDVj cuk gqvk gS D;ksafd nqfu;k dh c<+rh vkcknh
mUur vFkZO;oLFkk,a mHkjrs cktkjksa vkSj fodkl'khy
vfèkd 'kgjh gksrh tk jgh gS vkSj 'kgjksa dks vfèkd
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh rqyuk esa vius eqækLQhfr y{;ksa ij
vkoklksa vkSj vkoklksa ds çdkj vkSj vkdkj dh O;kid
tYnh ykSV vk,axhA
jsat dh vko';drk gSA o`) gksrh vkcknh] f'k{kk dh
2024 esa rsy dh dhersa 0-9 çfr'kr c<+dj yxHkx 81 ekax vkfn tSls nh?kZdkfyd lajpukRed #>kuksa ds
M‚yj çfr cSjy gksus dh mEehn gS D;ksafd vksisd$ dkj.k vkokl dh miyCèkrk vkokl dh ekax dk ,d
¼isVªksfy;e fu;kZrd ns'kksa dk laxBu vkSj :l lfgr egRoiw.kZ pkyd cuh gqbZ gSA vkokl fuos'k dk ,d
p;fur xSj&lnL; ns'k½ }kjk mRiknu esa dVkSrh] oSf'od egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gS] vkSj dbZ ns'kksa esa vkokl laifÙk dk
rsy ekax esa fujarj o`f) vkSj eè; iwoZ esa Hkw&jktuhfrd lcls cM+k ?kVd gSA
ruko us etcwr xSj&vksisd$ vkiwfrZ o`f) dks izHkkfor
fd;k gSA 2024 esa [kk| dherksa esa 5-2 çfr'kr vkSj 2025 1-1-1 oSf'od vkokl ewY;ksa esa mrkj&Pk<+ko
esa 4-5 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkus dh mEehn gS D;ksafd 2024 dh igyh frekgh esa] oSf'od okLrfod vkokl dh
oSf'od vukt mRiknu foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 esa fjd‚MZ dherksa esa okf"kZd vk/kkj ij 1-0 çfr'kr dh deh vkbZ
ÅapkbZ ij igqapus dk vuqeku gSA gS] tcfd 2023 dh vafre frekgh esa ;g 1-2 çfr'kr
vkbZ,e,Q dk vuqeku gS fd 2024 vkSj 2025 esa oSf'od jghA oSf'od vkokl ewY; lwpdkad dh frekgh&okj
fodkl nj 3-2 çfr'kr ij fLFkj jgsxhA blds vfrfjDr] mrkj&p<+ko dks ¼xzkQ 1-1½ esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
mUur vFkZO;oLFkkvksa vkSj mHkjrh cktkj vFkZO;oLFkkvksa

11
 xzkQ 1-1% okLrfod fjgk;'kh laifÙk ewY;ksa ¼o"kZ&nj&o"kZ½ esa çfr'kr cnyko

fr-1 2023 fr-2 2023 fr-3 2023 fr-4 2023 fr-1 2024
oSf'od vFkZO;oLFkk mUur vFkZO;oLFkk,a mHkjrh cktkj vFkZO;oLFkk,a ;wjks {ks=
L=ksr% cSafdax Q‚j baVjus'kuy lsVyesaV~l
fVIi.kh% Åij n'kkZ;k x;k MsVk dSysaMj o"kZ ds fy, gS

çeq[k vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa laifÙk ds ewY;ksa esa cnyko ds esa okf"kZd vk/kkj ij 7 çfr'kr vkSj iqrZxky esa 5 çfr'kr
varj cus gq, gSaA mUur vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds fy,] okLrfod dh o`f) gqbZ vkSj Lisu esa ekewyh o`f) gqbZ ¼$3 çfr'kr½A
fjgk;'kh laifÙk ewY; 2024 dh igyh frekgh esa 0-3 bVyh vkSj uhnjySaM esa ewY; eksVs rkSj ij fLFkj jgha
çfr'kr dh okf"kZd fxjkoV ds lkFk yxHkx fLFkj jgh ¼nksuksa $1 çfr'kr½A blds foijhr] Ýkal esa ewY;ksa esa 7
gSA gkykafd] v‚LVªsfy;k esa okLrfod dhersa 6 çfr'kr çfr'kr vkSj teZuh esa 8 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZA
vkSj la;qä jkT; vesfjdk esa 2 çfr'kr c<+ha vkSj tkiku
esa fLFkj jgh gSaA 1-2 Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa vkoklh;
2024 dh igyh frekgh ds nkSjku mHkjrh cktkj ifjn`';
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa okLrfod fjgk;'kh laifÙk ewY;ksa esa
tqykbZ&flracj frekgh ¼foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh nwljh frekgh½
okf"kZd vk/kkj ij 1-6 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ] tks ,f'k;k
esa Hkkjr dh thMhih o`f) 5-4 çfr'kr ntZ dh xbZ]
esa ns[kh xbZ fxjkoV ds dkj.k gqbZ( blds foijhr] vU;
tks fiNys o"kZ dh leku vofèk esa 8-1 çfr'kr vkSj
lHkh {ks=ksa esa ewY;ksa esa o`f) gqbZA ,f'k;kbZ vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa
vçSy&twu frekgh ¼foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh igyh frekgh½ esa
ewY;ksa esa vkSlru 3-5 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ] tks phu
6-7 çfr'kr FkhA
esa 5 çfr'kr] dksfj;k esa 6 çfr'kr vkSj gkaxdkax fo'ks"k
ç'kklfud {ks= ¼,l,vkj½ esa 13 çfr'kr dh Hkkjh fxjkoV ekax i{k ij] [kir vkSj fuos'k o`f) esa deh thMhih o`f)
ds dkj.k gqbZA blds foijhr] fQyhihal esa dherksa esa 3 esa ,d ckèkk jghA futh vafre [kir O;; ¼ih,QlhbZ½
çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] vkSj Hkkjr vkSj baMksusf'k;k esa dhersa fiNyh frekgh ds 7-4 çfr'kr ls de gksdj nwljh
yxHkx fLFkj jghaA frekgh esa 6-0 çfr'kr jg xbZA ldy fLFkj iwath fuekZ.k
¼th,Qlh,Q½ fiNyh frekgh ds 7-5 çfr'kr dh rqyuk
;wjks {ks= ds varxZr] okLrfod fjgk;'kh laifÙk ewY;ksa esa
esa nwljh frekgh esa ?kVdj 5-4 çfr'kr jg x;kA nwljh
okf"kZd vk/kkj ij 2-9 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV ns[kh xbZA
frekgh esa okf"kZd vk/kkj ij oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk
;wjks {ks= ds Hkhrj] lnL; ns'kksa ds chp okLrfod vkokl
fu;kZr fiNyh vofèk ds 8-7 çfr'kr dh rqyuk esa ?kVdj
ewY;ksa esa dkQh fHkUurk,¡ ns[kh tk jgh gSaA xzhl esa ewY;ksa
2-8 çfr'kr jg x;kA

12
vkiwfrZ i{k ij] ;ksftr ldy ewY; ¼thoh,½ fiNyh vkoklh; ifjn``';
frekgh ds 6-8 çfr'kr dh rqyuk esa nwljh frekgh esa 5-6 Hkkjr ds vkoklh; {ks= dk foLrkj ljdkj ds usr`Ro
çfr'kr ij vk xbZA —f"k {ks= ds thoh, dh o`f) foÙk okyh igy] çkS|ksfxdh ds ,dhdj.k] fLFkj C;kt nj]
o"kZ 2025 dh nwljh frekgh esa c<+dj 3-5 çfr'kr gks xbZ] gfjr fuekZ.k çFkkvksa vkSj ÅtkZ n{k fMtkbuksa ds ekè;e
tks ,d o"kZ igys 1-7 çfr'kr FkhA lkekU; ls vfèkd ls oguh;rk] lkFk esa jgu vkfn ij vkèkkfjr gSA fV;j&
ekulwu ds dkj.k [kjhQ dh vPNh cqokbZ ls —f"k vkSj II vkSj fV;j&III 'kgjksa esa vkokl dh ekax volajpuk
lac) xfrfofèk;ksa esa mPp o`f) gqbZA gkykafd] ?kjsyw ekax fodkl] çfrHkk dh miyCèkrk vkSj lkeF;Z ls çsfjr gSA
esa deh vkSj oSf'od vkfFkZd pqukSfr;ksa ds dkj.k fu;kZr blds vykok] fofu;euksa esa <hy vkSj çksRlkguksa ds
esa fxjkoV ds dkj.k fofuekZ.k {ks= esa thoh, pkyw foÙk çkoèkku ds lkFk ljdkjh uhfr;ka fjgk;'kh vkokl dh
o"kZ dh nwljh frekgh esa 2-2 çfr'kr ij vk x;k] tcfd ekax ds lkFk&lkFk vkiwfrZ dks Hkh c<+kok ns jgh gSaA
fiNys o"kZ blh vofèk esa blesa 14-3 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ
FkhA lsok {ks= us 7 çfr'kr ls vfèkd dh o`f) nj ntZ vkokl foÙk esa o`f) dks cSadksa vkSj vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa
djds viuh xfr cuk, j[kh gSA dk leFkZu çkIr gSA flracj 2024 rd] ₹34 yk[k djksM+
ds dqy cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k iksVZQksfy;ks esa ls]
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 ds fy, vk-fo-da- vkSj cSadksa ¼lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad] futh {ks= ds
okLrfod thMhih o`f) 6-6 çfr'kr jgus dk vuqeku cSad vkSj {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad½ dh fgLlsnkjh Øe'k% 19-0
yxk;k gS] gkykafd] oSf'od Hkw&jktuhfrd tksf[ke vHkh çfr'kr vkSj 81-0 çfr'kr FkhA
Hkh ,d pqukSrh cus gq, gSaA
çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkvksa ds cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl
_.k iksVZQksfy;ks dh frekgh&okj mrkj&p<+ko uhps
fn;k x;k gSA ¼xzkQ 1-2½

xzkQ% 1-2 çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkvksa ds cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k iksVZQksfy;ks
¼₹ djksM+ esa½

vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy

ekpZ 23
flra- 23
ekpZ 24
flra- 24

ekpZ 23 flra- 23 ekpZ 24 flra- 24

L=ksr% jk-vk-cSad

flracj 2024 ds nkSjku çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkvksa ds vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa us 13-93 çfr'kr] lkoZtfud {ks=
oS;fDrd vkokl _.k iksVZQksfy;ks esa fiNys o"kZ dh blh ds cSadksa ¼ih,lch½ us 17-42 çfr'kr vkSj futh {ks= ds
vofèk dh rqyuk esa 14-08 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] ftlesa cSadksa ¼ihohch½ us 10-47 çfr'kr ntZ dhA

13
1-3 jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad }kjk iqufoZÙk fdQk;rh vkokl fuf/k ds rgr] blds 'kq#vkr ¼foÙk o"kZ
lgk;rk 2018&19½ ls cSad dks dqy ₹49]992-18 djksM+ dh jkf'k
çkIr gqbZA cSad us 30 twu] 2024 rd ,,p,Q ds rgr
jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ¼jk-vk-cSad½ çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkvksa lap;h :i ls ₹49]952 djksM+ laforfjr fd, gSa] ftlls
¼ih,yvkbZ½ dks oS;fDrdksa dks fn, x, vkokl _.kksa ds 5-24 yk[k vkoklh; bdkba;k ykHkkfUor gqbZA 30 twu]
lacaèk esa rFkk fdQk;rh vkokl ds fy, vkokl foÙk vkSj 2024 rd ,,p,Q ds rgr dqy cdk;k ₹46]686-02
fuekZ.k foÙk gsrq vU; laLFkkvksa dks fn, x, _.kksa ds djksM+ FkkA
fy, iqufoZÙk lgk;rk çnku djrk gSA ,uch,Qlh ladV
cSad }kjk nh xbZ pyfuf/k lgk;rk vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa
ds ckn vkSj dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds nkSjku] vkokl foÙk
ds oS;fDrd vkokl _.k iksVZQksfy;ks ¼vk; oxhZdj.k
daifu;ksa esa i;kZIr pyfuf/k lqfuf'pr djus ds fy,]
ds vkèkkj ij½ ds çfr'kr fgLls esa csgrj rjhds ls
cSad us ,yvkbZ,QVh ;kstuk vkSj vkRefuHkZj Hkkjr iSdst
ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA ¼xzkQ 1-3½A flracj 2024 rd] vk-
ds ekè;e ls pyfuf/k lgk;rk çnku dhA 30 flracj]
fo-da- ds cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k iksVZQksfy;ks ¼vk;
2024 rd cSad dk lap;h iqufoZÙk laforj.k ₹3-91 yk[k
oxhZdj.k ds vkèkkj ij½ esa bZMCY;w,l vkSj ,yvkbZth [kaM
djksM+ FkkA blesa ls ₹1-54 yk[k djksM+ fiNys 5 o"kksZa
dh fgLlsnkjh 39-21 çfr'kr jgh] blds ckn ,evkbZth
ds nkSjku laforfjr fd, x,A bl laforj.k ds yxHkx
dh fgLlsnkjh 43-45 çfr'kr vkSj ,pvkbZth dh 17-34
84 çfr'kr ¼₹1-30 yk[k djksM+½ us vk-fo-da- dh t:jrksa
çfr'kr jghA
dks iwjk fd;kA

xzkQ 1-3 % ;Fkk flracj 2024 dks vk; oxhZdj.k ds vk/kkj okj vkokl foRr
dEifu;ksa dk oS;fDrd vkokl _.k dk izfr'kr fgLlk

bZMCY;w,l ,oa ,yvkbZth ,evkbZth ,pvkbZth

L=ksr% jk-vk-cSad

jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad dk iqufoZÙk leFkZu vkokl foÙk tehuh Lrj ij _.k forj.k iz.kkyh dks csgrj cukus
ç.kkyh ds fy, de ykxr okys nh?kZdkfyd fufèk;ksa vkSj etcwr cukus ds fy, çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa
dk çeq[k L=ksr jgk gSA cSad us fo'ks"k :i ls fuEu vkSj dks izsfjr vkSj çksRlkfgr fd;kA
eè;e vk; oxZ ds fy, ns'k Hkj esa vkokl foÙk ds fy,

14
 c‚Dl 1-1% vk-fo-da- gsrq vkbZ,p,y cdk;k vkSj
laforj.k dk vk; lewgokj fo'ys"k.k
etcwr vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj foykflrkiw.kZ thou dh c<+rh ekax ds dkj.k Hkkjr ds fjgk;'kh Hkw&laink cktkj dh
xfrfofèk;ksa esa o`f) ns[kh tk jgh gSA oSf'od vkfFkZd vfuf'prrkvksa ds ckotwn] Hkkjr esa mPp&Lrjh; laifÙk;ksa dh
ekax esa lq/kkj ns[kk x;k gS] tks çhfe;e Hkw&laink ds nh?kZdkfyd ewY; esa le`) [kjhnkjksa ds fo'okl dks js[kkafdr
djrk gSA rsth ls c<+rs 'kgjhdj.k vkSj c<+rh vk; ds Lrj ls çsfjr gksdj] egkuxjh; ifj–'; egRoiw.kZ ifjorZuksa
ls xqtj jgs gSaA blls mPp xq.koÙkk okys vkokl vkSj csgrj thou'kSyh dh ekax esa mNky vk;k gSA
vk-fo-da- gsrq mPp vk; lewg ds fy, cdk;k vkbZ,p,y flracj 2023 ds ₹83]838 djksM+ ls c<+dj flracj 2024
rd ₹1]08]524 djksM+ gks x;k gSA o`f) nj flracj 2023 ds 18-8 çfr'kr ls c<+dj flracj 2024 esa 29-4 çfr'kr
gks xbZ gSA
vk-fo-da- gsrq mPp vk; lewg ds fy, cdk;k vkbZ,p,y
flra^23

vDVw-^23

uoa-^23

fnla-^23

tu-^24

Qj-^24

ekpZ^24

vizSy^24

ebZ^24

twu^24

tqykbZ^24

vxLr^24

flra^24
vkbZ,p,y cdk;k ¼₹ djksM+ esa½ okf"kZd o`f) ¼%½

mPp vk; oxZ lewg dh izfr'kr fgLlsnkjh esa o`f) gqbZ gSA vk-fo-d- gsrq vk;&okj vkadM+sa ;g iznf'kZr djrs
gSa fd mPp vk; oxZ dk cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k flracj] 22 esa 14-7 izfr'kr ls c<+dj flracj] 24 esa
17-3 izfr'kr gks x;k gSA
vk- fo- da- gsrq vk; lewg okj cdk;k vkbZ,p,y _.k ¼% fgLlsnkjh½

flracj 22 flracj 24

bZMCY;w,l ,yvkbZth ,evkbZth ,pvkbZth

15
 blh çdkj] vk-fo-da- gsrq mPp vk; lewg ds rgr vkbZ,p,y dk laforj.k flracj 2022 ds 17-1 çfr'kr ls
c<+dj flracj 2024 esa 26-1 çfr'kr gks x;k gSA
vk- fo- da- gsrq vk; lewgokj cdk;k vkbZ,p,y laforj.k ¼% fgLlsnkjh½
flracj 22 flracj 24

bZMCY;w,l ,yvkbZth ,evkbZth ,pvkbZth

1-4 Hkkjr esa vkokl ewY; lwpdkad & ewY; çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkvksa ls ,df=r vkoklh;
,u,pch jsthMsDl bdkb;ksa ds vkdyu ewY;ksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA blds
foijhr] ,pihvkbZ cktkj ewY; MsoyilZ ls ,df=r ugha
jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ¼jk-vk-cSad½ foÙk o"kZ 2018 dks fcdh bdkbZ;ksa ds cktkj ewY;ksa ij vkèkkfjr gSA 'kgjksa
vkèkkj o"kZ ekudj nks vkokl ewY; lwpdkad ¼,pihvkbZ½ dh tula[;k dks Hkkj ds :i esa mi;ksx djrs gq, Hkkjr
çdkf'kr djrk gS] ftuds uke ^,pihvkbZ vkdyu ewY;* Hkj ds 50 'kgjksa ds fy, ,d lap;h lwpdkad dh x.kuk
vkSj ^,pihvkbZ cktkj ewY;* gSaA ,pihvkbZ vkdyu dh tkrh gSA
vkokl ewY; lwpdkad esa mrkj&p<+ko & nwljh frekgh foÙk o"kZ 24&25

xzkQ 1-4% ,pihvkbZ @ vkdyu ewY; esa mrkj&p<+ko

vk/kkj o"kZ ,pihvkbZ ¼2017&18 = 100½

twu&20

flracj&20

fnlacj&20

ekpZ&21

twu&21

flracj&21

fnlacj&21

ekpZ&22

twu&22

flracj&22

fnlacj&22

ekpZ&23

twu&23

flracj&23

fnlacj&23

ekpZ&24

twu&24

flracj&24

lexz 50 'kgj o"kZ&nj&o"kZ o`f)

vgenkckn ¼7-9 çfr'kr½] csaxyq# ¼11-1 çfr'kr½] psUubZ vkSj iq.ks ¼6-2 çfr'kr½ ds çeq[k çkFkfed fjgk;'kh cktkjksa
¼9-4 çfr'kr½] fnYyh ¼0-4 çfr'kr½] gSnjkckn ¼6-7 esa tqykbZ&flracj 2024 dh vofèk ds nkSjku laifÙk ds
çfr'kr½] dksydkrk ¼6-1 çfr'kr½] eqacbZ ¼4-0 çfr'kr½ ewY;ksa esa c<+ksrjh ns[kh xbZA

16
 xzkQ 1-5% fuekZ.kk/khu laifÙk;ksa gsrq ,pihvkbZ @ cktkj ewY; esa mrkj&p<+ko
vk/kkj o"kZ ,pihvkbZ ¼2017&18 = 100½

twu&20

flracj&20

fnlacj&20

ekpZ&21

twu&21

flracj&21

fnlacj&21

ekpZ&22

twu&22

flracj&22

fnlacj&22

ekpZ&23

twu&23

flracj&23

fnlacj&23

ekpZ&24

twu&24

flracj&24
lexz 50 'kgj o"kZ&nj&o"kZ o`f)

flracj 2024 dks lekIr frekgh gsrq ,pihvkbZ@ eqacbZ ¼6-5 çfr'kr½] paMhx<+ ¼6-4 çfr'kr½ vkSj dks;EcVwj
vkdyu ewY; ¼5-9 çfr'kr½ dk LFkku jgk] tcfd gkoM+k esa ,pihvkbZ
@ vkdyu ewY; esa 3-8 çfr'kr dh vfèkdre Øfed
cSadksa vkSj vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ¼,pihvkbZ@vkdyu
ewY;½ ls ,df=r laifÙk;ksa ds vkdyu ewY;ksa ds fxjkoV ntZ dh xbZA
vk/kkj ij 50 'kgjksa ds ,pihvkbZ us foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh
flracj 2024 dks lekIr frekgh gsrq fuekZ.kkèkhu
nwljh frekgh ds nkSjku 6-8 izfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f)
laifÙk;ksa gsrq ,pihvkbZ@cktkj ewY;
¼o"kZ&nj&o"kZ½ ntZ dh] tcfd ,d o"kZ iwoZ ;g 4-9
izfr'kr FkhA ¼xzkQ 1-4½ vkiwfrZ i{k ij] 50 'kgjksa ds fuekZ.kk/khu vkSj fcuk
fcØh fuokl ;ksX; laifÙk;ksa ¼fuekZ.kkèkhu laifÙk;ksa gsrq
,pihvkbZ@vkdyu ewY; esa okf"kZd ifjorZu o"kZ 2023
,pihvkbZ@ cktkj ewY;½ ds fy, m)`r dherksa ds
dh flracj dh frekgh dh rqyuk esa o"kZ 2024 dh flracj
vk/kkj ij flracj 2024 dks lekIr frekgh esa 11-2
dks lekIr frekgh esa O;kid :i ls fHkUu jgh gS tksfd
izfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f) ¼o"kZ&nj&o"kZ½ Hkh ntZ dh xbZ]
30-9 izfr'kr ¼xq#xzke½ dh o`f) ls ysdj 0-8 izfr'kr
tcfd ,d o"kZ iwoZ ;g 10-7 izfr'kr FkhA ¼xzkQ 1-5½
¼gkoM+k½ dh fxjkoV rd gSA 50 'kgjksa esa ls] 48 'kgjksa
esa laifÙk ewY;ksa esa o`f) ntZ dh xbZ tcfd 2 'kgjksa Øfed ¼o"kZ&nj&o"kZ½ vkèkkj ij 50 'kgjksa ds lwpdkad esa
¼gkoM+k vkSj fr#ouariqje½ esa laifÙk ewY;ksa esa fxjkoV frekgh ds nkSjku 2-8 çfr'kr dh o`f) ns[kh xbZ] tcfd
ntZ dh xbZA fiNyh frekgh esa 2-7 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ FkhA
,pihvkbZ@vkdyu ewY; esa 50 'kgjksa esa ls 45 'kgjksa ,pihvkbZ@vkdyu ewY; vkSj fuekZ.kk/khu laifÙk;ksa gsrq
esa Øfed o`f) gqbZ] ftlesa xq#xzke esa 7-3 çfr'kr dh ,pihvkbZ@cktkj ewY; dk 'kgj&okj vkSj frekgh&okj
lokZfèkd Øfed o`f) ntZ dh xbZ] mlds ckn uoh fooj.k vuqca/k I esa fn;k x;k gSA

17
1-5 jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad dh Hkwfedk ifjokjksa dks muds oS;fDrd vkokl _.k ds lacaèk esa
ih,yvkbZ dks ₹7]480-45 djksM+ dh iqufoZÙk lgk;rk
jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ,d fodklkRed foÙkh; laLFkku gS] çnku dh xbZ gSA
ftldh LFkkiuk laln ds vf/kfu;e ;Fkk jk"Vªh; vkokl
ifj;kstuk foÙk% jk-vk-cSad us egkjk"Vª gkmflax
cSad vf/kfu;e] 1987 ¼1987 dk dsanzh; vf/kfu;e la- 53½
MsoyiesaV d‚jiksjs'ku fyfeVsM ¼egk gkmflax fyfeVsM½
ds rgr o"kZ 1988 esa gqbZ gSA
dks ektjsokM+h] lksykiqj] egkjk"Vª esa ih,e,okbZ ds rgr
jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ¼jk-vk-cSad½ ubZ fnYyh fLFkr vius fdQk;rh vkokl ds fuekZ.k gsrq ₹100 djksM+ dk lkofèk
eq[;ky; vkSj ns'k Hkj esa {ks=h; dk;kZy;ksa ds usVodZ _.k Lohd`r fd;kA
ds ekè;e ls lapkfyr gksrk gSA cSad us csgrj i;Zos{kh
fu;a=.k] iqufoZÙk vkSj ifj;kstuk foÙk lapkyu rFkk i;Zos{k.k
;wvkbZMh,Q ;kstuk ds lqpk: ifjpkyu ds lanHkZ esa
• cSad vkofèkd fjVuZ ds ekè;e ls LFkyh; fujh{k.k
vkokl foÙk {ks= dh t+:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, viuh
vkSj LFkysÙkj fuxjkuh ra= ç.kkyh ds ekè;e ls
HkkSxksfyd mifLFkfr dk foLrkj fd;k gSA
vk-fo-da- dk i;Zos{k.k djrk gSA i;Zos{k.k ds rgr
;Fkk twu 2024 ds vuqlkj] vgenkckn] csaxyq#] Hkksiky] o"kZ ds nkSjku dh xbZ igyksa dks vè;k; 4 ds rgr
Hkqous'oj] paMhx<+] psUubZ] fnYyh] xqokgkVh] gSnjkckn] foLr`r :i ls crk;k x;k gSA
t;iqj] dksydkrk] y[kuÅ] eqacbZ] iVuk] jk;iqj vkSj
jkaph esa cSad ds 16 {ks=h; dk;kZy; fLFkr gSaA laoèkZu vkSj fodkl
• cSad us ;wvkbZMh,Q ds rgr foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds
1-5-1 foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku cSad dk nkSjku ₹2]967-97 djksM+ laLohd`r fd, vkSj ₹17-74
dk;Z&fu"iknu ¼tqykbZ ls twu½ djksM+ laforfjr fd,A
foÙkh; vkSj vkfLr xq.koÙkk çcaèku • _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½ gsrq
dsaæh; uksMy ,tsalh ds :i esa cSad us foÙk o"kZ
• 30 twu 2024 rd cSad dh dqy vkfLr ₹1-12 yk[k 2023&24 esa bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth Js.kh ds fy,
djksM+ gks xbZA ₹36-11 djksM+ dh lfClMh tkjh dh gS ftlls
• foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds fy, fuoy C;kt vk; 1]084 ls vfèkd ifjokj ykHkkfUor gq,A bl ;kstuk
¼,uvkbZvkbZ½ 41 izfr'kr ds o"kZ&nj&o"kZ lqèkkj ds ds rgr lap;h laforj.k 30 twu] 2024 rd 21-08
lkFk c<+dj ₹2]521 djksM+ gks xbZA yk[k ifjokjksa dks ykHkkfUor djrs gq, ₹49]496-93
djksM+ FkkA
• th,uih, çfr'kr Hkh twu 2023 ds 0-77 izfr'kr ls
csgrj gksdj twu 2024 esa 0-69 izfr'kr gks x;k gSA • xzkeh.k vkokl C;kt lfClMh ;kstuk ds rgr foÙk
o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku ₹3-09 djksM+ dh lfClMh
100 izfr'kr ls vfèkd ds çkoèkku dojst vuqikr
laforfjr dh xbZ ftlls 1]551 ls vfèkd ifjokj
ds lkFk] cSad dk fuoy ,uih, 'kwU; gSA
ykHkkfUor gq,A bl ;kstuk ds rgr 12]084 ifjokjksa
• jk-vk-cSad 30 twu 2024 rd 16-38 izfr'kr ds dks ykHkkfUor djrs gq, ₹24-32 djksM+ dk lap;h
csgrj lhvkj,vkj dks cuk, j[krs gq, i;kZIr :i laforj.k fd;k x;kA
ls iwath—r gSA • cSad ds {ks=h; dk;kZy;ksa us ;wvkbZMh,Q] ifj;kstuk
foÙk vkSj vkokl foÙk tSls fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij
iqufoZÙk iks"k.k
yksdlaidZ dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd,A
• twu 2024 rd] cSad dk cdk;k iqufoZÙk iksVZQksfy;ks • cSad ds vkokl foÙk fjiksftVjh ¼,p,Qvkj½ iksVZy
11 çfr'kr dh o"kZ&nj&o"kZ o`f) ds lkFk ₹1]02]204 dks vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa] lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa
djksM+ jgkA vkSj futh {ks= ds cSadksa ds fy, jkT;okj vkokl
• o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku] ,,p,Q ;kstuk ds rgr] _.k laforj.k vkSj cdk;k MsVk ,d= djus ds fy,
'kgjh vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds varxZr vkus okys 64]600 rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA

18
• cSad us vkokl vkSj vkokl foÙk {ks= ls lacafèkr vU; igysa
fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ds varxZr Hkkjrh; çcaèku laLFkkuksa
• vkj,ech,l MsoyiesaV daiuh fyfeVsM dks daiuh
¼vkbZvkbZ,e½ dks ik¡p 'kksèk vè;;uksa ds fy, èku
vf/kfu;e 2013 ds vuqlkj 'ks;jksa }kjk fyfeVsM
miyC/k djk;kA ;s fjiksVZ cSad dh osclkbV ij
daiuh ds :i esa 02 ekpZ 2024 dks fuxeu
miyCèk gSaA
çek.ki= çkIr gqvkA
• cSad us o"kZ ds nkSjku fdQk;rh vkokl foÙk]
oS;fDrd vkokl _.kksa dk _.k ewY;kadu] [kqnjk iqjLdkj ,oa lEeku
vkokl _.kksa esa pqukSfr;ka vkfn /;kukd"kZ.k {ks=ksa ij • cSad dh fgUnh x`g if=dk ^^vkokl Hkkjrh** dks o"kZ
12 çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd,A 2023 gsrq fnYyh cSad uxj jktHkk"kk dk;kZUo;u
• cSad us vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds eq[; dk;Zdkjh lfefr ¼VkWfyd&cSad½ }kjk çFke iqjLdkj ls
vfèkdkfj;ksa ¼lhbZvks½ ds lkFk nks cSBdsa vk;ksftr lEekfur fd;k x;kA
dhaA

c‚Dl 1-2% dsUnzh; ctV esa vkokl {ks= vkSj 'kgjh volajpuk ij ?kks"k.kk,¡+

ctV 2024&25
ih,e vkokl ;kstuk & 'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½
• ih,e,okbZ&;w ds rgr vkcaVu dks la'kksf/kr vuqeku 2023&24 ds ₹22]103 djksM+ ls 36 çfr'kr c<+kdj foÙk
o"kZ 2024&25 ds fy, ₹30]171 djksM+ dj fn;k x;k gSA
• ctV esa 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa lh,y,l,l ds rgr ?kj cukus ds fy, bZMCY;w,l vkSj ,yvkbZth lewgksa ds fy,
₹3]000 djksM+ vkSj ,evkbZth ds fy, ₹1]000 djksM+ vkoafVr fd, x, gSaA
• ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 dh ?kks"k.kk% jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa ¼;wVh½@ih,yvkbZ ds ek/;e ls 5 o"kksaZ esa 'kgjh
{ks=ksa esa fdQk;rh ykxr ij vkokl cukus] [kjhnus ;k fdjk, ij ysus ds fy, 1 djksM+ 'kgjh xjhc vkSj e/;e
oxZ ds ifjokjksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xhA

izHkko
• ubZ ;kstuk 'kgjh vkoklh; ifj;kstukvksa esa rsth yk,xh] 'kgjh volajpuk esa lq/kkj djsxh vkSj 'kgjksa esa jgus
dh fLFkfr dks csgrj cuk,xhA
• ;g foLrkj 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa vkokl dh deh dks nwj djus ds fy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gSA
fodkl gc ds :i esa 'kgj
• 30 yk[k ls vfèkd vkcknh okys 14 cM+s Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa ds fy, ikjxeu&mUeq[k fodkl ¼VhvksMh½ <kaps dk
çLrkoA
• vkfFkZd vkSj ikjxeu fu;kstu ds ekè;e ls 'kgjksa dks fodkl dsaæksa ds :i esa fodflr djuk vkSj uxj
fu;kstu ;kstukvksa dk mi;ksx djds ifjuxjh; {ks=ksa dk O;ofLFkr fodkl djukA
izHkko
• vkoklh;] okf.kfT;d vkSj euksjatu LFkyksa dks dq'ky lkoZtfud ifjogu ç.kkfy;ksa ds lkFk ,dh—r djds]
VhvksMh igy dk mís'; HkhM+HkkM+ dks de djuk] dkcZu mRltZu dks de djuk vkSj 'kgjh thou dh xq.koÙkk
esa lq/kkj djuk gSA

19
 • lM+d] tykiwfrZ vkSj LoPNrk lqfo/kkvksa tSlh volajpuk dk fodkl jgus ;ksX;] la/kkj.kh; vkoklh; ifj–';
cukus esa ;ksxnku nsxk vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i] lrr 'kgjh fodkl LekVZ vkSj la/kkj.kh; 'kgjksa ds fuekZ.k ds
O;kid mís'; dks çkIr djus esa lgk;d gksxkA

fdjk;k vkokl
• vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa ds fy, Nk=kokl çdkj ds jgus dh O;oLFkk ds lkFk fdjk;s ds vkokl dk;Z dks ihihih
eksM ds ekè;e ls O;ogk;Zrk varj foÙkiks"k.k ¼ohth,Q½ leFkZu vkSj çeq[k m|ksxksa dh çfrc)rk ds lkFk
vkxs c<+k;k tk,xk tk,xkA

fMftVyhdj.k
• efgykvksa }kjk [kjhnh xbZ laifÙk;ksa ds fy, LVkEi MîwVh de djus ds fy, jkT;ksa dks çksRlkfgr djukA
thvkbZ,l ¼HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ç.kkyh½ eSfiax ds lkFk 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa Hkwfe vfHkys[kksa dk fMftVyhdj.kA
• vkbZVh vk/kkfjr laifÙk fjd‚MZ vfHk'kklu] v|ruhdj.k vkSj dj ç'kklu ç.kkyh LFkkfir dh tk,xhA ctV
esa jk"Vªh; 'kgjh fMftVy fe'ku ds fy, ₹1]150-02 djksM+ vkoafVr fd, x, gSaA vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z
ea=ky; ¼,evks,p;w,½ ds fy, vkcaaVu esa o`f)A

vU; ?kks"k.kk
• vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; ¼,evks,p;w,½ dks pkyw foÙk o"kZ gsrq ₹82]576 djksM+ vkoafVr fd, x,
gSa] tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds fy, la'kksf/kr vuqeku ₹69]270-72 djksM+ gS] tks 19-2 çfr'kr dh o`f) dks
n'kkZrk gS ftlls vkxs vkSj vf/kd 'kgjh fodkl laHko gks ldsxkA

izHkko%
• 'kgjh fu;kstu esa lq/kkj ls vkokl cktkj esa o`f) dks c<+kok feyus vkSj vkokl dh oguh;rk esa lq/kkj gksus
dh mEehn gS] ftlls lexz 'kgjh ifj–'; esa lq/kkj gksxkA

ctV 2025&26
fdQk;rh vkSj e/;e vk; vkokl ds fy, fo'ks"k foaMks ¼SWAMIH½ QaM II

• bl dks"k dh LFkkiuk ljdkj] cSadksa vkSj futh fuos'kdksa ds ;ksxnku ls ,d fefJr foÙk lqfo/kk ds :i esa
dh tk,xhA
• bl fuf/k dk y{; 100]000 vkoklh; bdkb;ksa dk fuekZ.k iwjk djuk gksxkA

çHkko
blls dks"k ls #dh gqbZ ifj;kstukvksa dks lgk;rk feysxh vkSj fj;y ,LVsV {ks= esa pyfuf/k c<+sxhA

'kgjh pqukSrh fuf/k

• ljdkj ^'kgjksa dks fodkl dsUæ*] ^'kgjksa dk jpukRed iqufoZdkl* rFkk ^ty ,oa LoPNrk* ds çLrkoksa dks
fØ;kfUor djus ds fy, `1 yk[k djksM+ dk 'kgjh pqukSrh fuf/k LFkkfir djsxhA

20
çHkko
₹1 yk[k djksM+ ds 'kgjh pqukSrh fuf/k dh LFkkiuk ls lrr vkSj lekos'kh 'kgjh fodkl dks c<+kok feysxkA

oSf'od {kerk dsaæ ¼thlhlh½

• mHkjrs fV;j 2 'kgjksa esa oSf'od {kerk dsaæksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ,d jk"Vªh; :ijs[kk çLrkfor dh xbZA

çHkko
thlhlh dk;kZy; LFkyksa dh ekax dks izksRlkfgr dj jgk gS] lkFk gh Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa cqfu;knh <kaps ds fodkl
vkSj thou&;kiu dh fLFkfr esa Hkh lq/kkj dj jgk gSA ;g <kapk çeq[k egkuxjh; {ks=ksa ls ijs lekos'kh vkfFkZd
fodkl dks c<+kok nsus esa enn djsxkA

jk"Vªh; Hkw&LFkkfud fe'ku

• jk"Vªh; Hkw&LFkkfud fe'ku vk/kkjHkwr Hkw&LFkkfud volajpuk vkSj MsVk fodflr djsxk ftlls 'kgjh fu;kstu
dks ykHk gksxkA

çHkko
bl dne ls Hkwfe vfHkys[kksa dk vk/kqfudhdj.k] 'kgjh fu;kstu vkSj cqfu;knh <kapk ifj;kstukvksa ds fMtkbu esa
lqfo/kk gksxhA

******************

21
v/;k; 2
Hkkjr esa vkokl
 ifjp;kRed lkjka'k
v/;k; 2
fjgk;'kh vkokl {ks= vkfFkZd fodkl ds çeq[k batuksa esa ls ,d gS D;ksafd ;g lkekftd
vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djrk gS] jkstxkj l`tu djrk gS vkSj vius lg&laca/k çHkkoksa ls
vFkZO;oLFkk dks xfr nsrk gSA ljdkjh uhfr;ka] rduhdh çxfr] i;kZoj.k vuqdwy çFkk,a] vkokl
dh c<+rh ekax vkSj jsjk tSls fofu;ked mik; tSls dkjd Hkkjr esa vkokl ifj–'; dks vkdkj
nsus esa egRoiw.kZ gSaA
vkokl dh vkiwfrZ dks c<+kus esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd gS tks vkoklksa dh
miyCèkrk vkSj oguh;rk dks çHkkfor djrh gS vkSj ljdkj dh Hkwfedk vc vkokl çnkrk ls
cny dj vkokl gsrq lqfoèkkiznkrk dh gks xbZ gSA 2015 esa] ljdkj us 2022 rd Þlcds fy,
vkoklß çnku djus ds mís'; ls çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ 'kq: dhA 07
vDVwcj 2024 rd] ih,e,okbZ&;w ds rgr 1-19 djksM+ vkoklksa dks eatwjh nh xbZ gS] ftuesa ls
1-15 djksM+ vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k 'kq: gks pqdk gS vkSj 87-12 yk[k vkokl iwjs gks pqds gSaA
dsaæh; ctV 2024&25 esa] ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ] ftlds rgr vxys
5 o"kksZa esa 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa fdQk;rh ykxr ij vkokl cukus] [kjhnus ;k fdjk, ij ysus ds fy,
jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa@ih,yvkbZ ds ekè;e ls 1 djksM+ 'kgjh xjhc vkSj eè;e oxZ ds
ifjokjksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xhA ih,e,okbZ vkSj ih,e,okbZ 2-0 ds lh,y,l,l
vkSj vkbZ,l,l ?kVd dks dk;kZfUor djus ds fy, vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;] Hkkjr
ljdkj }kjk jk-vk-cSad dks ,d dsaæh; uksMy ,tsalh ¼lh,u,½ ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k x;k gSA
dsaæh; uksMy ,tsalh ds :i esa jk-vk-cSad us vDVwcj 2024 rd ₹49]487-61 djksM+ dh lfClMh
tkjh dh gS] ftlls 21-08 yk[k ifjokj ¼bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth `16-46 yk[k $ ,evkbZth
~4-62 yk[k½ ykHkkfUor gq, gSaA

Hkkjr ljdkj vkoklh; fuekZ.k {ks= esa mRltZu dks de djus ds fy, çfrc) gSA Hkkjr esa gfjr
Hkou fuekZ.k cktkj vHkh fodkl ds 'kq#vkrh pj.k esa gS] ftlesa dsoy 5 çfr'kr bekjrksa dks
gfjr ds :i esa oxÊ—r fd;k x;k gSA gfjr yscy dks fjgk;'kh vkokl] fo'ks"k :i ls fdQk;rh
vkokl [kaM vkSj egkuxjksa ls vkxss fV;j II] III 'kgjksa rd ys tkuk t:jh gSA vkokl foÙk ds
fy, 'kh"kZ foÙkh; laLFkku ds :i esa jk-vk-cSad fofHkUu tkx:drk vkSj çf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa dk
vk;kstu djds vkSj gfjr vkokl gsrq iqufoZÙk ij fj;k;r nsdj uoksUes"kh vkSj gfjr vkokl
çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds lkFk fdQk;rh vkokl dks c<+kok nsus dk ç;kl dj jgk gSA

24
2-1 ifjp; esa cnyko ds lkFk fodflr gqbZ gSA vkokl vkiwfrZ dks
c<+kus esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedk ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd gS tks
fjgk;'kh vkokl {ks= vkfFkZd fodkl ds çeq[k batuksa esa vkokl dh miyCèkrk vkSj oguh;rk dks çHkkfor djrh
ls ,d gS D;ksafd ;g lkekftd vko';drkvksa dks iwjk gS vkSj ljdkj dh Hkwfedk vc vkokl çnkrk ls cny
djrk gS] jkstxkj iSnk djrk gS vkSj vius lg&laca/k dj vkokl gsrq lqfoèkkiznkrk dh gks xbZ gSA Hkw&laink
çHkkoksa ls vFkZO;oLFkk dks xfr nsrk gSA ljdkjh uhfr;ka] {ks= esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedk lokZsifj gS] D;ksafd ;g m|ksx
rduhdh çxfr] i;kZoj.k vuqdwy çFkk,a] vkokl dks fofu;fer djus] lqfoèkk çnku djus vkSj vkdkj nsus
dh c<+rh ekax vkSj jsjk tSls fofu;ked mik; tSls esa ,d cgqvk;keh Hkwfedk fuHkkrh gSA
dkjd Hkkjr esa vkokl ifj–'; dks vkdkj nsus esa
egRoiw.kZ gSaA Hkkjr dk vkokl foÙk cktkj fodkl dh Hkkjr esa vkokl dh deh eq[; :i ls vkfFkZd :i
jkg ij gS] D;ksafd ljdkj vkokl foÙk dks leFkZu nsus] ls detksj oxZ ¼bZMCY;w,l½ vkSj fuEu&vk; lewg
ekax esa lqèkkj ykus vkSj {ks= dks mckjus ds fy, i;kZIr ¼,yvkbZth½ ifjokjksa esa dsafær gSA Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd
dne mBk jgh gSA fodkl ds 'kq#vkrh o"kksZa esa] Hkkjr ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa
xjhcksa ds fy, vkokl ij tksj fn;k x;k FkkA ckn esa]
'kgjhdj.k] ?kj ds LokfeRo dk egRo] c<+rh vkcknh vkSj 2007 esa] Hkkjr ljdkj us Þlcds fy, fdQk;rh vkoklß
c<+rh vk; ds dkj.k vkokl dh ekax esa o`f) gqbZ gS] tks ds mís'; dks çkIr djus ds fy, lkoZtfud futh
Hkkjr ds lcls rsth ls c<+rs {ks=ksa esa ls ,d ds :i esa Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok nsus ds bjkns ls jk"Vªh; 'kgjh vkokl
Hkkjr dh çeq[krk dks n'kkZrk gSA vkoklh; {ks= esa ekax vkSj i;kZokl uhfr ¼,u;w,p,pih½ is'k dhA
esa etcwr okilh ns[kh xbZ gS] D;ksafd blus rsth ls xfr
idM+h vkSj cktkj dh vfLFkjrk dks >syk gSA fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa] Hkkjr esa 'kgjh xjhcksa ds fy,
fdQk;rh vkokl gsrq çkoèkku cukus ds mís'; ls ljdkj
o`gn vkfFkZd fLFkjrk vkSj vkokl {ks= ,d nwljs ls vfHkUu }kjk jktho vkokl ;kstuk ¼vkj,okbZ½] jktho _.k
:i ls tqM+s gq, gSaA vkokl ,d cqfu;knh vko';drk ;kstuk ¼vkjvkjokbZ½ & tks ckn esa _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh
gksus ds vykok fodkl dh xfr dks c<+kus dh dqath Hkh ;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½ esa ifjofrZr gks xbZ] Hkkxhnkjh esa
gSA vkokl {ks= esa fuos'k fuekZ.k vkSj lgk;d {ks=ksa dks fdQk;rh vkokl ¼,,pih½ vkSj çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk
c<+kok nsrk gS] ftlls ,d ygj tSlk çHkko iSnk gksrk gS ¼ih,e,okbZ½ tSlh uhfr;ka is'k dh xbZaA o"kZ 2015 esa]
tks vkfFkZd foLrkj dks c<+kok nsrk gSA ljdkj us 2022 rd ^^lcds fy, vkokl** çnku djus ds
mís'; ls dj fj;k;r] ekSfæd lgk;rk] vklku fodkl
2-2 vkoklh; igysa laca/kh fofu;eksa] fj;k;rh C;kt njksa tSls çkoèkkuksa ds
Hkkjr esa vkokl lacaèkh igy vktknh ds ckn ls ns'k lkFk ç/kkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ dk
'kqHkkjaHk fd;kA

25
dsaæh; ctV 2024&25 esa] ekuuh; foÙk ea=h us çèkkuea=h xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa Þlcds fy, vkoklß ds mís'; dks çkIr
vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ 2-0 ;kstuk dh djus ds fy,] Hkkjr ljdkj us vçSy 2016 ls çèkkuea=h
?kks"k.kk dh] ftlds rgr jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa vkokl ;kstuk&xzkeh.k ¼ih,e,okbZ&th½ 'kq: dh] ftlesa
¼;wVh½@ih,yvkbZ ds ekè;e ls 5 o"kksZa esa 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa ds lkFk 2-95 djksM+ vkoklksa ds fuekZ.k
fdQk;rh ewY; ij vkokl cukus] [kjhnus ;k fdjk, ij dk y{; j[kk x;k gS] ftls ekpZ 2024 rd pj.kc)
ysus ds fy, 1 djksM+ 'kgjh xjhc vkSj eè;e oxZ ds rjhds ls gkfly fd;k tkuk gSA dsaæh; eaf=eaMy us foÙk
ifjokjksa dks foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xhA ;kstuk o"kZ 2024&25 ls 2028&29 ds nkSjku çèkkuea=h vkokl
dk C;kSjk c‚Dl 2-2 esa fn;k x;k gSA ;kstuk&xzkeh.k ¼ih,e,okbZ&th½ ds dk;kZUo;u gsrq
xzkeh.k çLrko dks eatwjh ns nhA blds rgr eSnkuh {ks=ksa
2-3 vkoklh; ;kstukvksa esa gqbZ çxfr esa 1-20 yk[k #i;s vkSj iwokZsÙkj {ks= ds jkT;ksa ,oa igkM+h
jkT;ksa fgekpy çns'k] mÙkjk[kaM] dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa tEew
2-3-1 çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk & xzkeh.k vkSj vkSj d'ehj rFkk yík[k esa 1-30 yk[k #i;s dh ekStwnk
bldh çxfr çfr vkokl lgk;rk ds lkFk nks djksM+ vfrfjDr vkoklksa
2024 rd ^^lcds fy, vkokl^^ çnku djus vkSj fiNyh ds fuekZ.k ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tkuh
vkoklh; ;kstukvksa dh dfe;ksa dks nwj djus ds fy, gSA foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 ls 2028&29 rd dqy ifjO;;
ljdkj dh çfrc)rk ds eísutj iwoZ dh bafnjk vkokl 3]06]137 djksM+ #i;s gS] ftlesa 2]05]856 djksM+ #i;s
;kstuk ¼vkbZ,okbZ½ dks çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk & xzkeh.k dk dsaæh; fgLlk vkSj blh vuqikr esa 1]00]281 djksM+
¼ih,e,okbZ&th½ ds :i esa iquxZfBr fd;k x;kA iquxZfBr #i;s dk jkT; dk fgLlk 'kkfey gSA ¼L=ksr% xzkeh.k
;kstuk çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&xzkeh.k ¼ih,e,okbZ&th½ fodkl ea=ky; dh çsl foKfIr fnukad 09 vxLr] 2024½
1 vçSy] 2016 ls çHkkoh gqbZA ih,e,okbZ&th dk mís'; o"kZ&okj vkSj jkT;&okj çxfr Øe'k% xzkQ 2-1 vkSj
ns'k ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lHkh cs?kjksa vkSj dPps@ttZj xzkQ 2-2 esa n'kkZbZ xbZ gSA
vkoklksa esa jgus okys ifjokjksa dks cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa ls
;qDr iDdk ?kj miyCèk djkuk gSA 2 djksM+ ls vkSj ifjokjksa ds fy, vkoklksa ds fuekZ.k

xzkQ 2-1% ih,e,okbZ&th dh o"kZokj çxfr foÙk o"kZ eas

iw.kZ gq, vkoklksa dh dqy la[;k ¼yk[k eas½

L=ksr% xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; dh çsl foKfIr fnukad 03 fnlacj 2024

26
ls dqy feykdj yxHkx 10 djksM+ O;fä;ksa dks ykHk ih,e,okbZ&th ds fiNys pj.k ds vèkwjs vkoklksa dks iwjk
feyus dh mEehn gSA dsaæh; eaf=eaMy us ekStwnk njksa ds djus dh eatwjh ns nh gSA
vuqlkj foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 ds nkSjku 31-03-2024 rd

xzkQ 2-2% ih,e,okbZ ¼xzkeh.k½ dh jkT;okj izxfr

¼iw.kZ vkoklksa dh la[;k*½

*13 uoacj 2024 rd ekufp= iSekus ds vuqlkj ugha gS

L=ksr% xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;

27
 c‚Dl 2-1% uhfr vk;ksx }kjk ih,e,okbZ&th ds lacaèk esa ewY;kadu
vè;;u Þdsanz izk;ksftr ;kstuk dk ewY;kadu & xzkeh.k fodkl {ks=ß

uhfr vk;ksx ds fodkl fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu dk;kZy; ¼Mh,ebZvks½ }kjk çk;ksftr ewY;kadu vè;;u ds rgr]
6 p;fur lh,l,l ¼dsaæ çk;ksftr ;kstuk,a½ & egkRek xkaèkh jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k jkstxkj xkjaVh vfèkfu;e ¼eujsxk½]
çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk xzkeh.k ¼ih,e,okbZ&th½] jk"Vªh; lkekftd lgk;rk dk;ZØe ¼,u,l,ih½] nhun;ky
vaR;ksn; ;kstuk & jk"Vªh; xzkeh.k vkthfodk fe'ku ¼Mh,okbZ&,uvkj,y,e½] çèkkuea=h xzke lM+d ;kstuk
¼ih,eth,lokbZ½ vkSj ';kek çlkn eq[ktÊ :cZu fe'ku ¼,lih,evkj,e½ dk foLr`r ;kstuk Lrjh; fo'ys"k.k fd;k
x;k gSA bu ;kstukvksa esa ls çR;sd dk ewY;kadu çklafxdrk] çHkko'khyrk] n{krk] i;kZoj.k vuqdwyrk] çHkko vkSj
bfDoVh ij vkjbZbZ,lvkbZ $ bZ <kaps dk mi;ksx djds fd;k x;k gSA vè;;u ds rgr] ih,e,okbZ&th ds çn'kZu
dk vkdyu fofHkUu fo"k;ksa tSls tokcnsgh vkSj ikjnf'kZrk] ySafxd lekurk] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx] lqèkkjksa
vkSj fofu;eksa vkfn ij fd;k x;k gSA
fjiksVZ ds eq[; fu"d"kZ bl çdkj gSa%
d- ih,e,okbZ&th dks bafnjk vkokl ;kstuk ¼vkbZ,okbZ½ ds lqèkkj ds :i esa fodflr fd;k x;k gS vkSj blus
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh igpku] lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh ds mi;ksx vkSj fufèk çokg dh çfØ;kvksa esa çklafxd çHkko iSnk
fd;k gSA ;s lqèkkj ih,e,okbZ&th dh lQyrk ds fy, ykHknk;d FksA u, vuqHkoksa ds dkj.k csgrj lqèkkj gq,
ftlls ;kstuk ls vfèkd ykHk gqvkA
[k- ih,e,okbZ&th ;kstuk ds lqpk: dk;kZUo;u ds fy, çkS|ksfxdh ds dq'ky mi;ksx dks lqfuf'pr djus esa l{ke
jgk gSA edkuksa dh ft;ks&VSfxax] edku dh xq.koÙkk dh leh{kk e‚Mîwy] rduhd ls ySl foÙkh; e‚Mîwy ds
lkFk ;g ;kstuk çkS|ksfxdh dk dkQh vPNh rjg ls ykHk mBk jgh gSA
x- vkokl,si vkSj vkokll‚¶V ds mi;ksx ls lhèks ykHkkFkÊ ds [kkrksa esa le; ij fuf/k;ksa dk laforj.k fd;k
tk jgk gSA ih,e,okbZ&th esa ,d etcwr fuxjkuh ra= gSA MS'kcksMZ ykHkkFkÊ Lrj ij MsVk fjd‚MZ djds lHkh
HkkSfrd vkSj foÙkh; çxfr ij utj j[krk gSA lHkh MsVk fu;fer :i ls v|frr fd, tkrs gSa vkSj lkoZtfud
Mksesu esa miyCèk gksrs gSa ftlls ;kstuk ds Hkhrj ikjnf'kZrk lqfuf'pr gksrh gSA
?k- ih,e,okbZ&th us dbZ jpukRed vkSj uoksUes"kh çFkkvksa dks viuk;k gS tSls& le; ij fuf/k;ksa ds laforj.k
esa vkokl,si vkSj vkokll‚¶V dk mi;ksx] xzkeh.k jktfeL=h çf'k{k.k ds ekè;e ls o`) vkSj fnO;kax yksxksa
dks ?kj cukus esa enn djuk] NwVs gq, ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds okLrfod ekeyksa dks 'kkfey djus ds fy, vkokl$ dk
mi;ksx djuk vkfnA ;g fofHkUu leL;kvksa ds fy, vyx&vyx lekèkku dk mi;ksx djus esa ih,e,okbZ&th
dh çfrc)rk dks n'kkZrk gSA
³ ih,e,okbZ&th ds rgr ySafxd lekurk dks lfØ; :i ls çksRlkfgr fd;k tkrk gSA efgyk ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds
uke ij vkokl miyCèk djkuk] VªkaltsaMj yksxksa dks vkokl dk vkoaVu] vkokl fe= cuus ds fy, efgykvksa
dh {kerk fuekZ.k ;kstuk ds Hkhrj ySafxd lekurk esa ;ksxnku nsrk gSA
p- çnku dh xbZ egRoiw.kZ lgk;rk vkSj leFkZu ds lkFk] vkosnu çfØ;k ds çfr ykHkkFkhZ larq"V jgs gSaA pqukSfr;ksa
esa le; vkSj èku nksuksa ds lanHkZ esa ifjogu vkSj çys[ku lacaèkh ykxrsa 'kkfey gSaA
N- fo'ks"k :i ls fdLr ds çkjafHkd pj.kksa esa dsUæ ls jkT;ksa dks fufèk laforj.k nj larks"ktud jgh gSA ykHkkFkÊ
Lrj ij 60 çfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa dks Loh—fr vkns'k tkjh gksus ds 7 fnuksa ds Hkhrj fdLr çkIr gks x;hA
t- vkokl ds fuekZ.k ls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds thou lqxerk esa o`f) gqbZ gSA bldh iqf"V çkFkfed vkSj f}rh;d nksuksa
L=ksrksa ls gksrh gSA 88 çfr'kr mÙkjnkrkvksa us vkokl ds fuekZ.k ds lkFk thou Lrj esa lqèkkj dh iqf"V dhA
>- xzkeh.k fodkl foHkkx us tyok;q ifjorZu dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, vkokl fuekZ.k gsrq igy fMtkbuksa & tyok;q
vuqdwy çkS|ksfxfd;ka dk lq>ko fn;k gSA gkykafd] bu fMtkbuksa dks viukus ds fy, mfpr dk;kZUo;u vkSj
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks çksRlkfgr djus dh vko';drk gSA

L=ksr% okf"kZd fjiksVZ 2023&24] xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;A

28
2-3-2 xzkeh.k vkokl C;kt lfClMh ;kstuk 2-3-3 çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh
¼vkj,pvkbZ,l,l½ ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½
xzkeh.k {ks=ksa gsrq iz/kkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk & xzkeh.k çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk ¼'kgjh½ ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ tks fd
¼ih,e,okbZ&th½ fnukad 01 vizSy] 2016 ls vkjaHk dh Hkkjr ljdkj dk ,d çeq[k fe'ku gS] 2022 rd lcds
xbZ ftldk mÌs'; 2022 rd lHkh cs?kjksa vkSj dPps fy, fdQk;rh vkokl çnku djus ds fy, twu 2015 esa
?kjksa ds fuoklh ifjokjksa dks lHkh ewyHkwr lqfo/kkvksa ls 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;
;qDr iDds edku miyC/k djkuk gSA gkykafd] ;g ¼,evks,p;w,½ lHkh ik= 'kgjh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks cqfu;knh
lqfuf'pr djus ds fy;s fd ,sls lHkh ifjokjksa dks Ik;kZIr ukxfjd lqfoèkkvksa ds lkFk lHkh ekSle ds fy, mi;qDr
lalk/ku miyC/k gks tks muds fy;s vkoklh; bdkbZ;ksa ds iDds edku miyCèk djkus ds fy, 25 twu] 2015 ls
fuekZ.k@lq/kkj djus ds fy;s vko';d gksrs gSa vkSj tks jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa ¼;wVh½ ds ekè;e ls dk;kZUo;u
ih,e,okbZ&¼th½] xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj ,tsafl;ksa dks dsaæh; lgk;rk nsdj çèkkuea=h vkokl
ds vUrxZr ugha vkrs] ;g ;kstuk 2022 rd lcds fy, ;kstuk&'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ dk dk;kZUo;u dj jgk
vkokl ds rgr xzkeh.k vkokl C;kt lfClMh ;kstuk gSA ih,e,okbZ&;w dk mÌs'; 'kgjh xjhcksa] cs?kj vkcknh]
¼vkj,pvkbZ,l,l½ }kjk laLFkkxr _.k rd vklku vkSj efyu cLrh fuokfl;ksa lfgr lHkh oxksZa dh vkokl
igaqp ds fy, 'kq: dh xbZ] ;s _.k ih,e,okbZ&¼;w½ ds vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djuk gSA ih,e,okbZ&;w ,d
rgr ugha vkus okys ?kjksa ds fuekZ.k@lq/kkj ds fy;s
ekax vkèkkfjr –f"Vdks.k viukrk gS ftlesa jkT;ksa@dsaæ
t:jrean ifjokjksa dks fn, tkrs gSaA ;kstuk ds vUrxZr
'kkflr çns'kksa ¼;wVh½ dks ik=rk ekunaMksa ds vkèkkj ij
dsUnzh; lgk;rk ikus ds ik= ykHkkfFkZ;ksa esa os xzkeh.k
ekax loZs{k.k ds ekè;e ls muds }kjk fpfUgr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa
ifjokj 'kkfey gksaxs tks ih,e,okbZ&th dh LFkk;h izrh{kk
ds fy, vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; ¼,evks,p;w,½
lwph esa 'kkfey ugha gSa vkSj ih,e,okbZ&¼;w½ ds rgr dksbZ
ykHk izkIr ugha dj jgs gSaA dks ifj;kstukvksa dh vuq'kalk djus dk vfèkdkj fn;k
x;k gSA
;g ;kstuk 19 twu] 2017 ls izHkkoh gS vkSj blds
varxZr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks 2 yk[k :Ik;s ds _.k ij] 20 ;kstuk fn'kkfunZs'kksa ds vuqlkj ik=rk ekunaMksa ds vkèkkj
o"kZ dh vf/kdre vof/k ;k _.k dh okLrfod vof/k ij ;kstuk dks pkj ?kVdksa ;kuh ykHkkFkÊ vkèkkfjr fuekZ.k
rd] tks Hkh igys gks] 9 izfr'kr ds ,uihoh NwV nj ¼ch,ylh½] Hkkxhnkjh esa fdQk;rh vkokl ¼,,pih½]
ds lkFk 3 izfr'kr dh nj ls C;kt lfClMh feysxhA Lo&LFkkus efyu cLrh iqufoZdkl ¼vkbZ,l,lvkj½ vkSj
vkj,pvkbZ,l,l ih,e,okbZ&¼'kgjh½ ds rgr o"kZ 2011 _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½ ds ekè;e
dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj lkafof/kd 'kgjksa rFkk ckn esa ls dk;kZfUor fd;k tk jgk gSA
doj fd;s x;s 'kgjksa dks NksM+dj laiw.kZ Hkkjr dks doj I. Lo&LFkkus efyu cLrh iqufoZdkl
djsxkA ¼vkbZ,l,lvkj½% 1 yk[k izfr vkokl dh dsaæh;
jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ¼jk-vk-cSad½ _.knkrk laLFkkuksa lgk;rk futh fodkldksa ds lkFk lgHkkfxrk esa
dks lfClMh nsus rFkk ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u dh lalk/ku ds :i esa Hkwfe ds mi;ksx ls Lo&LFkkus
fuxjkuh djus gsrq dsUæh; uksMy ,tsalh ¼lh,u,½ efyu cLrh iqufoZdkl ds ?kVd ds varxZr ik=
gSA vkj,pvkbZ,l,l gsrq çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa efyu cLrh ekfyd gsrq lHkh vkokl fuekZ.k gsrq
¼ih,yvkbZ½ esa vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSad] vkokl foÙk Lohdk;Z gSA iqufoZdkl ds ckn] jkT;@dsaæ 'kkflr
daifu;ka] {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad] lgdkjh cSad] LekWy Qkbusal çns'k ljdkj }kjk efyu cLrh iqufoZdkl dh
cSad vkSj ,uch,Qlh&,e,QvkbZ 'kkfey gSaA vf/klwpuk jí djus dh vuq'kalk fn'kkfunsZ'kksa ds
30 vDVwcj] 2024 rd] jk-vk-cSad us ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u varxZr dh x;h gSA jkT;ksa@'kgjksa dks NwV vU; efyu
ds fy;s 100 izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkku ¼ih,yvkbZ½ cfLr;ksa ds iqufoZdkl ds fy, bl dsaæh; lgk;rk
ds lkFk le>kSrk Kkiuksa dk fu"iknu fd;k rFkk 23 dks fofu;ksftr djus gsrq nh x;h gSA jkT;@'kgj
ih,yvkbZ dks ₹24-32 djksM+ dh lfClMh jkf'k laforfjr ifj;kstukvksa dks foÙkh; –f"V ls O;ogk;Z cukus ds
dh ftlls 12]084 ifjokj ykHkkfUor gq,A fy, vfrfjä Q'khZ {ks= vuqikr ¼,Q,vkj½@¶yksj

29
 Lisl baMsDl ¼,Q,lvkbZ½ ;k gLrkarj.k fodkl vkokl fuekZ.k@foLrkj ds fy, bZMCY;w,l Jsf.k;ksa
vf/kdkj ¼VhMhvkj½ çnku djrs gSaA futh LokfeRo ls lacaf/kr ik= ifjokjksa dks çnku dh tkrh gSA
dh Hkwfe;ksa ij efyu cfLr;ksa ds fy,] jkT;@'kgj 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk; ykHkkFkhZ }kjk çLrqr lwpuk
viuh uhfr ds vuqlkj Hkwfe Lokeh dks vfrfjä ,oa fuekZ.k&dk;Z ;kstuk dks lR;kfir djrs gSa rkfd
,Q,lvkbZ@,Q,vkj ;k VhMhvkj çnku djrs gSaA Hkwfe ds LokfeRo rFkk vU; fooj.kksa tSls vkfFkZd
dksbZ dsaæh; lgk;rk ,sls ekeys esa Lohdk;Z ugha gSA fLFkfr ,oa ik=rk dks fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk ldsA
II. _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½% jkT;@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa@;w,ych 'ks;j] ;fn dksbZ
vkfFkZd :i esa detksj oxZ ¼bZMCY;w,l½@fuEu vk; gks] ds lkFk dsaæh; lgk;rk] jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr
lewg ¼,yvkbZth½] e/;e vk; lewg ¼,evkbZth½& çns'kksa }kjk çR;{k ykHk varj.k ¼MhchVh½ ds ek/;e
I vkSj e/;e vk; lewg ¼,evkbZth½& II ds ykHkkFkhZ ls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds cSad [kkrksa esa fueksZfpr fd;k tkrk
tks cSadksa] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa vkSj vU; ,sls gSA
laLFkkuksa ls vkokl [email protected] gsrq vkokl ih,e,okbZ&;w ;kstuk dh dk;kZUo;u vofèk tks igys 25
_.k pkgrs gSa] os C;kt lfClMh ds fy, ik= gSaA twu] 2015 ls 31 ekpZ] 2022 rd Fkh] mls _.k vk/kkfjr
ea=ky; us gkmflax ,aM vcZu MsoyiesaV dkWjiksjs'ku lfClMh ;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½ dks NksM+dj] vc fuf/k
¼gMdks½] jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ¼jk-vk-cSad½ ,oa Hkkjrh; lgk;rk iSVuZ vkSj dk;kZUo;u i)fr dks cnys fcuk
LVsV cSad ¼,lchvkbZ½ dks dsanzh; uksMy ,tsalh ;kstuk ds rgr laLohd`r lHkh vkoklksa dks iwjk djus ds
¼lh,u,½ ds rkSj ij _.knkrk laLFkkuksa ds ek/;e fy, 31 fnlacj] 2024 rd c<+k fn;k x;k gSA
ls vkSj izxfr dh fuxjkuh gsrq lfClMh miyC/k bl ;kstuk us fdQk;rh vkokl miyCèk djkus ds vius
djkus ds fy, ukfer fd;k gSA y{; esa mYys[kuh; çxfr dh gSA 7 vDVwcj 2024 rd]
III. Hkkxhnkjh esa fdQ;rh vkokl ¼,,pih½% ,,pih ih,e,okbZ&;w ds rgr 1-19 djksM+ vkoklksa dks laLohd`r
ds varxZr] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ₹1-5 yk[k izfr fd;k x;k gS] ftuesa ls 1-15 djksM+ vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k
bZMCY;w,l vkokl dh dsanzh; lgk;rk iznku dh dk;Z 'kq: gks pqdk gS vkSj 87-12 yk[k vkokl iwjs gks pqds
tkrh gSA fdQk;rh vkokl ifj;kstuk esa fofHkUu gSaA ¼L=ksr% vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;½
Jsf.k;ksa ds vkokl gks ldrs gSa fdarq ;fn ifj;kstuk
O;kid ih,e,okbZ&;w ds nk;js esa] ,d çkS|ksfxdh
esa de ls de 35 izfr'kr vkokl bZMCY;w,l Js.kh
mi&fe'ku ¼Vh,l,e½ LFkkfir fd;k x;k gS] tks
ds gSa rks ;g dsaæh; lgk;rk ds fy, ik= gksaxsA
ykxr çHkkoh] rst vkSj vkoklksa ds xq.koÙkkiw.kZ fuekZ.k
jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa us bZMCY;w,l vkoklksa
ds fy, uoksUes"kh] fVdkÅ] i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy vkSj
ds fcØh ewY; ij mPpre lhek fu/kkZfjr dh gS
vkink&çfrjksèkh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj fuekZ.k lkexzh
ftldk mís'; mfí"V ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks fdQk;rh
dks viukus dks lqxe cukrk gSA Vh,l,e fofHkUu
vkokl miyC/k djkuk gSA jkT;ksa ,oa 'kgjksa us vU;
Hkw&tyok;q {ks=ksa ds fy, mi;qä ysvkmV fMtkbu vkSj
fj;k;rsa tSls fd fdQk;rh ykxr ij vius jkT;
Hkou ;kstukvksa dh rS;kjh vkSj viukus dh lqfoèkk Hkh
dk Hkkx] Hkwfe] eqæ.k 'kqYd esa NwV Hkh çnku dh gSA
çnku djrk gSA ;g jkT;ksa@'kgjksa dks vkink çfrjksèkh
IV. ykHkkFkhZ&vk/kkfjr oS;fäd vkokl dk fuekZ.k@ vkSj i;kZoj.k&vuqdwy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks ykxw djus esa Hkh
foLrkj ¼ch,ylh&,u/ch,ylh&bZ½% ₹1-5 yk[k lgk;rk djrk gSA
çfr bZMCY;w,l vkokl dh dsaæh; lgk;rk oS;fäd

30
 xzkQ 2-3% ih,e,okbZ&'kgjh dh jkT;&okj izxfr
¼LohÑr vkoklksa dh la[;k*½

*11 uoacj 2024 rd

ekufp= iSekus ds vuqlkj ugha gS
L=ksr% vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;

31
 xzkQ 2-4% ih,e,okbZ¼;w½ ds ?kVdksa dh çxfr
¼yk[k esa Loh—r bdkb;ksa dh la[;k½
¼07 vDVwcj] 2024 rd½

lh,y,l,l vkbZ,l,lvkj ,,pih ch,ylh

L=ksr% vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;

2-3-3 _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk vk;½ ,oa fuEu vk; lewg ¼,yvkbZth½ ¼₹3 yk[k
¼lh,y,l,l½ ls vf/kd vkSj ₹6 yk[k rd okf"kZd vk;½ ls
lacaf/kr ifjokj tks cSadksa] vk-fo-da- rFkk vU; ,sls
_.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½ ds ek/;e
gh vf/klwfpr laLFkkuksa ls vkokl _.k ysrs gSa os
ls detksj oxksZa ds fy;s fdQk;rh vkokl dk lao/kZu
vf/kdre 20 o"kZ dh vf/kdre vof/k ;k _.k dh
ih,e,okbZ¼;w½ ds rgr pkj ?kVdksa esa ls ,d gS ftls
ewy vof/k ¼iwoZ 31 fnlEcj] 2016 rd] vf/kdre
izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkku ¼ih,yvkbZ½ ;Fkk vuqlwfpr
15 o"kZ rd Fkh½] nksuksa esa ls tks Hkh de gks] ds
okf.kfT;d cSadksa ¼,llhch½] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ¼vk-
fy, 6-5 izfr'kr dh nj ls C;kt lfClMh ds fy,
fo-da-½] {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSadksa ¼vkjvkjch½] lgdkjh cSadksa]
ik= gksaxsA
LekWy Qkbusal cSadksa ¼,l,Qch½ vkSj xSj&cSafdax foÙk
daiuh & lw{e foÙk laLFkkuksa ¼,uch,Qlh&,e,QvkbZ½ • ,evkbZth ds fy;s lh,y,l,l% ;g ;kstuk 01
}kjk dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k gSA iz/kkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk tuojh] 2017 ls 31 ekpZ] 2021 rd izHkkoh jghA
ds lh,y,l,l ?kVd dk dk;kZUo;u djus ds fy, ,evkbZth gsrq lh,y,l,,l esa nks okf"kZd vk;
vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk Js.kh ;Fkk ,evkbZth&I ds varxZr ₹6 yk[k ls
jk-vk-cSad dks dsanzh; uksMy ,tsalh ds rkSj ij fpfUgr vf/kd ,oa ₹12 yk[k rd ,oa ,evkbZth&II ds
fd;k x;k gSA _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ^^lcds varxZr ₹12 yk[k ls vf/kd ,oa ₹18 yk[k rd
fy, vkokl fe'ku** ds egRoiw.kZ ?kVdksa esa ls ,d gS vkSj vkrs gSaA ,evkbZth&I esa] ₹9 yk[k rd dh _.k
;g dsUnzh; {ks= dh ;kstuk gSA _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh jkf'k ij 4 izfr'kr C;kt lfClMh feyrh gS vkSj
;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½ esa vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ@ ,evkbZth&II dks ₹12 yk[k rd dh _.k jkf'k
fuEu vk; lewg gsrq _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ij 3 izfr'kr C;kt lfClMh feyrh gSA iwoZ esa]
¼bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth gsrq lh,y,l,l½ vkSj e/;e vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj
vk; lewg gsrq _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ¼,evkbZth us ,evkbZth&I gsrq ekStwnk dkjisV ,fj;k dks 90
ds fy, lh,y,l,l½ uked nks Jsf.k;ka doj gksrh gSaA oxZehVj ls c<+kdj 120 oxZehVj vkSj ,evkbZth&II
gsrq 110 oxZehVj ls c<+kdj 150 oxZehVj vkSj
• bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth ds fy, lh,y,l,l% vkxs mijksDr lhek dks c<+kdj ,evkbZth&I gsrq
;g ;kstuk 17 twu] 2015 dks is'k dh xbZ vkSj 31 120 oxZehVj ls 160 oxZehVj vkSj ,evkbZth&II
ekpZ] 2022 rd dk;kZfUor jghA vkfFkZd :i ls gsrq 150 oxZehVj ls 200 oxZehVj dj fn;k x;kA
detksj oxZ ¼bZMCY;w,l½ ¼₹3 yk[k rd okf"kZd

32
 xzkQ 2-5% lh,y,l,l ds rgr ykHkkFkhZ vkSj C;kt lfClMh
lh,y,l,l ds varxZr ykHkkFkhZ lh,y,l,l ds varxZr C;kt lfClMh
¼yk[k esa½ ¼` djksM+ esa½

bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth ,evkbZth bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth ,evkbZth

yk[k djksM+

L=ksr% vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;

c‚Dl 2-2% çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ 2-0

dsaæh; ctV 2024&25 esa] ekuuh; foÙk ea=h us çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk& 'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ 2-0 ;kstuk dh
?kks"k.kk dh ftlds varxZr ikap o"kksZa esa 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa ?kj cukus] [kjhnus ;k fdjk, ij ysus ds fy, jkT;ksa@dsUæ
'kkflr çns'kksa@çkFkfed _.k laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ ds ekè;e ls 1 djksM+ 'kgjh xjhc vkSj eè;eoxÊ; ifjokjksa dks
foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xhA
dsaæh; eaf=eaMy us ik= ifjokjksa dh la[;k esa o`f) ds dkj.k mRiUu gksus okyh vkokl vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus
ds fy, 3 djksM+ vfrfjä xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh ifjokjksa dks ?kjksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy, lgk;rk çnku djus dk ladYi
fy;kA ₹10 yk[k djksM+ ds fuos'k ds lkFk ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ;kstuk] ,d djksM+ ik= ifjokjksa dh iDds vkokl dh
vko';drk dks iwjk djsxk rFkk ;g lqfuf'pr djsxk fd çR;sd ukxfjd csgrj thou th ldsA

ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 lacaèkh ik=rk ekinaM

vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxZ ¼bZMCY;w,l½@fuEu vk; oxZ ¼,yvkbZth½@eè;e vk; oxZ ¼,evkbZth½ ifjokj] ftuds
ikl ns'k esa dgha Hkh viuk dksbZ iDdk edku ugha gS] os ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ds rgr ?kj [kjhnus ;k fuekZ.k djus
ds ik= gksaxs A
• ₹3 yk[k rd dh okf"kZd vk; okys ifjokjks dks bZMCY;w,l]
• ₹3 yk[k ls ₹6 yk[k rd dh okf"kZd vk; okys ifjokjksa dks ,yvkbZth] vkSj
• ₹6 yk[k ls ₹9 yk[k rd okf"kZd vk; okys ifjokjksa dks ,evkbZth ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k x;k gSA

;kstuk dk dojst
tux.kuk 2011 ds vuqlkj lHkh lkafof/kd 'kgj vkSj ckn esa vfèklwfpr 'kgj] ftles vfèklwfpr ;kstuk {ks=]
vkS|ksfxd fodkl çkfèkdj.k@fo'ks"k {ks= fodkl çkfèkdj.k@'kgjh fodkl çkfèkdj.k ;k ,sls fdlh Hkh çkfèkdj.k
ftls jkT; foèkku ds rgr 'kgjh fu;kstu vkSj fofu;eksa ds dk;Z lkSais x, gSa] ds vfèkdkj {ks= ds varxZr vkus
okys {ks= 'kkfey gSa] mUgsa Hkh ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ds rgr 'kkfey fd;k tk,xkA

ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ds ?kVd

bl ;kstuk dk mís'; fuEufyf[kr ?kVdksa ds ek/;e ls 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa fdQk;rh vkokl dh vko';drk dks iwjk
djuk gS%

33
 i. ykHkkFkÊ vkèkkfjr fuekZ.k ¼ch,ylh½% bl ?kVd ds ekè;e ls bZMCY;w,l Jsf.k;ksa ls lacafèkr O;fäxr ik=
ifjokjksa dks mudh Hkwfe ij u, vkokl cukus ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xhA ftu ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds
ikl mudh viuh Hkwfe ugha gS] mUgsa jkT;ksa@dsUæ 'kkflr çns'kksa }kjk Hkwfe vfèkdkj ¼iêk½ çnku fd;k tk,xkA
ii. Hkkxhnkjh esa fdQk;rh vkokl ¼,,pih½% ,,pih ds varxZr bZMCY;w,l ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks jkT;ksa@dsanz 'kkflr
izns'kksa@'kgjksa@lkoZtfud@futh ,tsafl;ksa }kjk fofHkUu lk>snkfj;ksa ls fufeZr fd, tk jgs edkuksa [kjhnuss
ds fy, foÙkh; lgk;rk çnku dh tk,xhA
iii. fdQk;rh fdjk;s ds vkokl ¼,vkj,p½% bl ?kVd esa dkedkth efgykvksa@vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa@'kgjh
çokfl;ksa@cs?kj@fujkfJr@Nk=ksa vkSj vU; ik= ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, i;kZIr fdjk;s ds vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k
fd;k tk,xkA ,vkj,p mu 'kgjh fuokfl;ksa ds fy, fdQk;rh vkSj jgus dh LoPN txg lqfuf'pr djsxk
tks LokfeRo esa viuk ?kj ugha pkgrs gSa ysfdu mUgsa vYikofèk ds fy, vkokl dh vko';drk gS ;k ftuds
ikl ?kj cukus@[kjhnus dh foÙkh; {kerk ugha gSA
iv. C;kt lfClMh ;kstuk ¼vkbZ,l,l½% ;g ?kVd bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth vkSj ,evkbZth ifjokjksa ds fy,
vkokl _.kksa ij lfClMh dk ykHk çnku djsxkA ₹35 yk[k rd dh dher okys edku ds fy, ₹25 yk[k
rd dk vkokl _.k ysus okys ykHkkFkÊ 12 o"kZ dh vofèk rd ds igys 8 yk[k #i;s ds _.k ij 4 çfr'kr
C;kt lfClMh ds ik= gksaxsA ik= ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks 5&okf"kZd fd'rksa esa iq'k cVu ds ekè;e ls ₹1-80 yk[k dh
lfClMh tkjh dh tk,xhA ykHkkFkÊ osclkbV] vksVhih ;k LekVZ dkMZ ds tfj, vius [kkrs dh tkudkjh ys
ldrs gSaA
ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ds ch,ylh] ,,pih vkSj ,vkj,p ?kVdksa dks dsaæh; çk;ksftr ;kstuk ds :i esa ykxw fd;k
tk,xk tcfd C;kt lfClMh ;kstuk ¼vkbZ,l,l½ ?kVd dks dsaæh; {ks= ;kstuk ds :i esa ykxw fd;k tk,xkA
çkS|ksfxdh ,oa uoksUes"k.k mi&fe'ku ¼VhvkbZ,l,e½
ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ds rgr VhvkbZ,l,e dh LFkkiuk dh tk,xh] rkfd jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa vkSj vU;
fgrèkkjdksa dks vkoklksa ds rst+ vkSj xq.koÙkkiw.kZ fuekZ.k ds fy, vkèkqfud] uoksUes"kh vkSj gfjr çkS|ksfxfd;ksa vkSj
fuekZ.k lkexzh dks viukus esa ekxZn'kZu vkSj lqfoèkk çnku dh tk ldsA VhvkbZ,l,e ds rgr] jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr
çns'kksa@'kgjksa dks tyok;q l{ke bekjrksa vkSj i;kZoj.k vuqdwy vkokl fuekZ.k ds fy, vkink çfrjksèkh vkSj i;kZoj.k
vuqdwy çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ij dsafær pqukSrh eksM esa uoksUes"kh çFkkvksa vkSj ifj;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls lgk;rk çnku
dh tk,xhA
fdQk;rh vkokl uhfr
ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ds rgr ykHk çkIr djus gsrq] jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dks ÞfdQk;rh vkokl uhfrß rS;kj
djuh gksxh] ftlesa lkoZtfud@futh laLFkkvksa dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh lqfuf'pr djus vkSj fdQk;rh vkokl
ikfjfLFkfrdh ra= dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, fofHkUu lqèkkj vkSj çksRlkgu 'kkfey gksaxsA ^fdQk;rh vkokl uhfr* esa ,sls
lqèkkj 'kkfey gksaxs tks ^fdQk;rh vkokl* dh oguh;rk esa lqèkkj djsaxsA
izHkko
çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk& 'kgjh 2-0 bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth vkSj ,evkbZth Js.kh ds vkokl ds liuksa dks iwjk djds
^lcds fy, vkokl* ds fotu dks çkIr djsxhA ;g ;kstuk efyu cfLr;ksa esa jgus okyksa] vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr
tutkfr ds yksxksa] vYila[;dksa] foèkokvksa] fnO;kax O;fä;ksa vkSj lekt ds vU; oafpr oxksZa dh vko';drkvksa
dks iwjk djds tula[;k ds fofHkUu oxksZa esa lekurk lqfuf'pr djsxhA ih,eLofufèk ;kstuk ds rgr fpfUgr
lQkbZdfeZ;ksa] LVªhV osaMjksa vkSj çèkkuea=h&fo'odekZ ;kstuk ds rgr fofHkUu dkjhxjksa] vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa] Hkou
vkSj vU; fuekZ.k Jfedksa] efyu cLrh@p‚yksa ds fuokfl;ksa vkSj ih,e,okbZ&;w 2-0 ds ifjpkyu ds nkSjku fpfUgr
fd, x, vU; lewgksa ij fo'ks"k è;ku fn;k tk,xkA
L=ksr% vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; çsl foKfIr fnukad 09 vxLr] 2024

34
2-4 ^^lcds fy, vkokl^^ fe'ku esa jk"Vªh; vkSj ₹9]722 djksM+ dh vfxze lfClMh çkIr dh gSA
vkokl cSad dh Hkwfedk 31-10-2024 rd] bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth gsrq lh,y,l,l
vkSj ,evkbZth gsrq lh,y,l,l ds fy, jkf'k mi;ksx
ih,e,okbZ vkSj ih,e,okbZ 2-0 ds Øe'k% lh,y,l,l dh fLFkfr Øe'k% 99-95 izfr'kr vkSj 99-98 izfr'kr gSA
vkSj vkbZ,l,l ?kVd dks dk;kZfUor djus gsrq vkoklu
lh,u, ds :i esa jk-vk-cSad us vDVwcj] 2024 rd
vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk jk-vk-
₹49]487-61 djksM+ dh lfClMh tkjh dh gS] ftlls
cSad dks ,d dsaæh; uksMy ,tsalh ¼lh,u,½ ds :i esa
21-08 yk[k ls vfèkd ifjokj ¼bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth
fpfUgr fd;k x;k gSA lh,y,l,l ;kstuk ds rgr]
~16-46 yk[k $ ,evkbZth ~4-62 yk[k½ ykHkkfUor gq,
lh,u, ds :i esa jk-vk-cSad us bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth
gSaA ;g ;kstuk ds rgr Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vc rd tkjh
vkSj ,evkbZth gsrq ;kstuk ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy,
dqy lfClMh dk ~84 izfr'kr gSA
Hkkjr ljdkj] ,evks,p;w, ls Øe'k% ₹39]787-2 djksM+

xzkQ 2-6% ih,e,okbZ lh,y,l,l ¼;w½ ds rgr lfClMh laforj.k ¼` djksM+ esa½

bdkb;ksa dh la[;k
esa
` djksM+
jkf'k

fo-o-16 fo-o-17 fo-o-18 fo-o-19 fo-o-20 fo-o-21 fo-o-22 fo-o-23 fo-o-24 fo-o-25*

bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth jkf'k ,evkbZth jkf'k bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth bdkbZ ,evkbZth bdkbZ

*fo-o-25 & 31 vDVwcj] 2024 rd

jk-vk-cSad }kjk laforfjr dk;Z{ks=okj vkSj lkFk le>kSrk Kkiu ij gLrk{kj fd;s vkSj ;kstuk
jkT;okj lap;h lfClMh ds dk;kZUo;u gsrq jk-vk-cSad dks vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh
dk;Z ea=ky; ls ₹39]787-20 djksM+ dh vfxze lfClMh
2-4-1 bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth gsrq lh,y,l,l%
izkIr gqbZA 30 twu] 2024 rd bl fuf/k vkSj vftZr
foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ¼tqykbZ&twu½ ds nkSjku] lh,u,
C;kt jkf'k esa ls] jk-vk-cSad us 16-47 yk[k ifjokjksa ds
ds :i esa jk-vk-cSad us ₹36-11 djksM+ laforfjr fd;s
fy;s 239 izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa1 ¼ih,yvkbZ½ dks
ftlls 1084 ifjokj ykHkkfUor gq,A 30 twu 2024 rd]
¼oS;fäd] lekesyu@ foy; djus okyh laLFkkvksa lfgr½
295 izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkku ¼ih,yvkbZ½ ftuesa 96
dks ₹39]775-17 djksM+ ¼₹1]98]833-97 djksM+ dh jkf'k
vk-fo-da-] 9 lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad] 18 futh {ks= ds
dk _.k laforj.k½ dk dqy laforj.k ¼tkjh lfClMh +
cSad] 33 {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad] 120 lgdkjh cSad] 10 LekWy
izkslsflax 'kqYd – lfClMh fjQaM½ fd;kA 31 vDVwcj]
Qkbusal cSad vkSj 9 ,uch,Qlh&,e,QvkbZ 'kkfey
2023 rd] cSad us 16-46 yk[k ifjokjksa dks ykHkkfUor
Fks] us dsanzh; uksMy ,tsalh ds rkSj ij jk-vk-cSad ds
djrs gq, ₹39]768 djksM+ laforfjr fd,A
1
1 vçSy] 2017 ls] LVsV cSad v‚Q chdkusj ,aM t;iqj ¼,lchchts½] LVsV cSad v‚Q eSlwj ¼,lch,e½] LVsV cSad v‚Q =ko.kdksj ¼,lchVh½] LVsV cSad v‚Q ifV;kyk ¼,lchih½]
LVsV cSad v‚Q gSnjkckn ¼,lch,p½ vkSj Hkkjrh; efgyk cSad ¼ch,ech½ dk Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad esa foy; gks x;kA 1 vçSy] 2019 ls] nsuk cSad dk cSad v‚Q cM+kSnk esa foy;
gks x;kA 1 vçSy] 2020 ls] ;wukbVsM cSad v‚Q bafM;k vkSj vksfj,aVy cSad v‚Q d‚elZ dk iatkc us'kuy cSad esa foy; gks x;k] bykgkckn cSad dk bafM;u cSad esa foy; gks
x;k] flafMdsV cSad dk dsujk cSad esa foy; gks x;k] vkSj vka/kzk cSad vkSj d‚iksZjs'ku cSad dk ;wfu;u cSad v‚Q bafM;k esa foy; gks x;kA blds vfrfjä] dqN vkjvkjch dk
Hkh foy; gks x;k gSA dqN vk-fo-da- dk Hkh cSadksa esa foy; gks x;k gSA

35
 xzkQ 2-7% jk-vk-cSad }kjk bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth gsrq ih,e,okbZ&lh,y,l,l
lap;h lfClMh laforj.k dk jkT;&okj forj.k ¼jkf'k ` djksM+ esa½

*31 vDVwcj] 2024 rd ekufp= iSekus ds vuqlkj ugha gS

2-4-2 ,evkbZth gsrq lh,y,l,l% 30 twu] 2024 rd] 'kkfey Fks] us dsanzh; uksMy ,tsalh ds rkSj ij jk-vk-cSad
282 izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkku ¼ih,yvkbZ½ ftuesa 94 ds lkFk le>kSrk Kkiu ij gLrk{kj fd;s vkSj ;kstuk ds
vkokl foÙk daifu;ka] 9 lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad] 19 futh dk;kZUo;u gsrq jk-vk-cSad dks vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z
{ks= ds cSad] 32 {ks=h; xzkeh.k cSad] 110 lgdkjh cSad] ea=ky; ls yxHkx ₹9]722-0 djksM+ dh vfxze lfClMh
11 LekWy Qkbusal cSad vkSj 7 ,uch,Qlh&,e,QvkbZ izkIr gqbZA

36
30 twu] 2024 rd bl fuf/k esa ls] jk-vk-cSad us 4-62 djksM+ dh jkf'k dk _.k laforj.k½ dk dqy laforj.k
yk[k ifjokjksa ds fy;s 191 izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa ¼tkjh lfClMh + izkslsflax 'kqYd – lfClMh fjQaM½
¼ih,yvkbZ½ ¼oS;fäd] lekesyu@foy; djus okyh fd;kA 31 vDVwcj 2024 rd] cSad us 4-62 yk[k ifjokjksa
laLFkkvksa lfgr½ dks ₹9]721-76 djksM+ ¼₹1]01]076-30 dks ykHkkfUor djrs gq, ₹9]720 djksM+ laforfjr fd,A

xzkQ 2-8% jk-vk-cSad }kjk lap;h ,evkbZth gsrq ih,e,okbZ&lh,y,l,l lfClMh

laforj.k dk jkT;&okj forj.k ¼jkf'k ` djksM+ esa½

*31 vDVwcj] 2024 rd ekufp= iSekus ds vuqlkj ugha gS

37
2-4-3 _.k vk/kkfjr lfClMh ;kstuk ¼lh,y,l,l½ ds ih,e,okbZ&lh,y,l,l iksVZy dks ,Iyhds'ku dk
vkokl iksVZy ¼lh,y,ih½ ,d osc&vkèkkfjr] okLrfod fodkl djds laof/kZr fd;k x;k gS rkfd nkos esa vkosnd
le; fuxjkuh ç.kkyh gS tks vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z dh vkbZMh tksM+uk] vusd vkosndksa ds cSp çkslsflax
ds ea=ky;] dsaæh; uksMy ,tsafl;ksa] çkFkfed _.knkrk ds laca/k esa O;fäxr fjd‚MZ dh lqfo/kk] ih,yvkbZ dks
laLFkkuksa] ykHkkfFkZ;ksa vkSj ukxfjdksa lfgr lHkh fgrèkkjdksa ,ihvkbZ ds ek/;e ls ,d ls vf/kd nkos] lwpuk viyksM
dks ,dh—r djrh gSA ;g ikjnf'kZrk c<+krh gS vkSj djus dh vuqefr nsuk bR;kfn tSlh lqfo/kk,a 'kkfey dh
ykHkkFkhZ bldh enn ls ,d fof'k"V vkbZMh ds ekè;e ls tk ldsA vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; }kjk ;Fkk
vius vkosnu dh fLFkfr dks tku ldrs gSaA lwfpr] jk-vk-cSad ds laof/kZr iksVZy dks vU; lh,u, ;Fkk
lh,y,l,l vkokl iksVZy dk 'kqHkkjaHk 25 uoacj] gMdks rFkk Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad }kjk mi;ksx ds vuqdwy
2019 dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fd;k x;kA jk-vk-cSad cuk;k x;k gSA

c‚Dl 2-3% vkokl] larqf"V vkSj vkthfodk& nks jkT;ksa

esa ih,e,okbZ&;w dk çHkko vkdyu

Hkwfedk
vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; us ^vkokl] larqf"V vkSj vkthfodk^ 'kh"kZd ls ,d çdk'ku foekspu fd;k] tks
yksxksa ds thou ij ih,e,okbZ fe'ku ds çHkko ij mÙkj çns'k vkSj eè; çns'k jkT;ksa esa fd, x, ewY;kadu vè;;u
dk ifj.kke gSA ;g ;kstuk 2015 ls dk;kZfUor dh xbZ gS vkSj 31 ekpZ] 2022 rd laLoh—r vkoklksa dks iwjk djus
ds fy, bls 31 fnlacj] 2024 rd c<+k fn;k x;k gSA vè;;u dk mís'; ;kstuk ds rgr vkokl [kjhnus ds ckn
ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ij iM+us okys lw{e çHkkoksa dks le>uk gSA

i)fr
tehuh Lrj ij dk;kZUo;u çfØ;k dks csgrj <ax ls le>us ds fy,] nks Hkkjrh; jkT;ksa% fnlacj 2021 esa mÙkj çns'k
vkSj tuojh 2022 esa eè; çns'k] ds pkj 'kgjh LFkkuh; fudk;ksa ¼;w,ych½ esa ?kjsyw loZs{k.k fd, x,A ih,e,okbZ&;w
dks pkj ?kVdksa ds ekè;e ls dk;kZfUor fd;k tk jgk gS tcfd vè;;u dsoy ch,ylh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, fd;k
x;k FkkA
dk;kZUo;u vkSj çHkko dh lexz tkudkjh çkIr djus ds fy,] yxHkx 200 ih,e,okbZ ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dk loZs{k.k fd;k
x;kA loZs{k.k dks HkkSfrd] vkfFkZd] lkekftd] i;kZoj.kh; vkSj ekuoh; tSls ikap çeq[k 'kh"kksZa esa foHkkftr fd;k
x;kA
vuqlaèkku esa fefJr&fofèk rduhdksa dk mi;ksx fd;k x;kA mÙkj çns'k esa okjk.klh vkSj ç;kxjkt rFkk eè; çns'k
esa Hkksiky vkSj bankSj esa ch,ylh ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds xSj&;k–fPNd lsV ds xgu Qksdl lewg ppkZ ¼,QthMh½ ds ekè;e
ls xq.kkRed MsVk ,d= fd;k x;kA fQj MsVk dks mUgha ykHkkfFkZ;ksa ds ek=kRed loZs{k.k ds lkFk tksM+k x;k ftUgksaus
,QthMh esa Hkkx fy;k FkkA xq.kkRed vkSj ek=kRed MsVk dk mís'; mÙkjnkrkvksa dh jgus dh fLFkfr] muds thou
vkSj vkthfodk ij iDds vkokl dk çHkko] lqfoèkkvksa rd igqap] lkekftd usVodZ vkSj ifjokj dh vk; ij çHkko
ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ,d= djuk FkkA
bu fofHkUu 'kh"kZdksa ds rgr] mÙkjnkrkvksa ds thou esa lexz ifjorZuksa dks fiNys thou iSVuZ vkSj orZeku thou
fLFkfr;ksa dh rqyuk djds ekik x;k gSA var esa] çeq[k dfe;ksa vkSj mu {ks=ksa dks le>us ds fy, ,d fu.kkZ;d
eSfVªDl fodflr fd;k x;k gS ftu ij è;ku dsafær djus dh vko';drk gSA

38
 fu"d"kZ
;g ik;k x;k fd ih,e,okbZ&;w us ifjokjksa dks viuk vkokl izkIr djus ds lkèku miyC/k djk, gSaA HkkSfrd
vkoklh; bdkbZ ds lkFk&lkFk] fe'ku us ifjokj dh vU; pkj iwath dks Hkh c<+k;k gSA
HkkSfrd% gj ekSle ds fy, mi;qä iDds vkokl ds fuekZ.k ds dkj.k] mÙkjnkrk ifjokj dh dqy HkkSfrd iwath esa
lqèkkj gqvk gSA
lkekftd% gj ekSle ds fy, mi;qä vkokl bdkbZ vkSj cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dh deh ds dkj.k] mÙkjnkrk ifjokjksa
dks lkekftd vkfFkZd] 'kkjhfjd vkSj euksoSKkfud fparkvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA ;g ik;k x;k fd vkokl ds
dkj.k ifjokj esa lEeku dh Hkkouk dkQh c<+ xbZ gSA vkokl us ifjokj ds thou Lrj dks c<+kus ds lkèku ds :i
esa dke fd;k gSA bldk ifjokj ds lexz lsgr ij euksoSKkfud çHkko iM+k gSA
blds vfrfjDr] ih,e,okbZ&;w ds fe'ku fn'kkfunZs'kksa ds vuqlkj] fe'ku ds rgr fufeZr ;k vfHkxzfgr lHkh vkokl
ifjokj dh efgyk ds uke ij ;k la;qä uke ij gSaA vkoklksa ds LokfeRo us ifjokj dh efgykvksa dks lqj{kk dh
etcwr Hkkouk nh gSA
vkfFkZd% vfèkdka'k ykHkkFkÊ 50 gtkj ls 1 yk[k ikfjokfjd vk; oxZ ds varxZr vkrs gSaA vfèkdka'k ykHkkfFkZ;ksa us
vius fgLls dh O;oLFkk djus ds fy, vfrfjä ?kaVs dke fd;k gS vkSj viuh cpr ls O;; ls O;; fd;k gSA
vkSipkfjd {ks= ds foÙk dh deh ds dkj.k] mÙkjnkrkvksa us vukSipkfjd {ks= ls _.k fy;k] vkSj mPp C;kt njksa
dk Hkqxrku fd;kA blfy,] bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dh Hkqxrku {kerk vkSj vkokl foÙk {ks= esa de jkf'k
dh _.kksa dks eq[;/kkjk esa ykus dk ewY;kadu djus dh rRdky vko';drk gSA blls ykHkkfFkZ;ksa dks vkSipkfjd {ks=
dh cSafdax esa ykus esa Hkh lqfoèkk gksxhA
i;kZoj.kh;% blesa lqèkkj dh xqatkb'k gS vkSj vkokl bdkb;ksa esa ÅtkZ n{k fMtkbu vkSj rkih; vkjke dh le>
dk foLrkj djus dh vko';drk gSA
ekuoh;% fe'ku ds rgr 62 çfr'kr ifjokjksa us viuk vkokl cukdj vius thou Lrj esa lqèkkj fd;k gSA 87
çfr'kr ykHkkfFkZ;ksa us lgefr O;ä dh fd vkokl aLokeh gksus ls os l'kä gq, gSaA vfèkdka'k mÙkjnkrkvksa us bl
rF; ij çdk'k Mkyk fd mudh vkthfodk muds vkoklksa ij fuHkZj gS vkSj bl çdkj blesa o`f) gqbZ gSA
dqy feykdj] fd;k x;k vè;;u nks jkT;ksa ds pkj ;w,ych esa ,d izk;ksfxd v/;;u Fkk vkSj bls ih,e,okbZ&;w
ds vU; rhu ?kVdksa ¼lh,y,l,l] ,,pih] vkbZ,l,lvkj½ dks doj djrs gq, iwjs ns'k esa c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA
L=ksr% vkokl] larqf"V vkSj vkthfodk& nks jkT;ksa esa ih,e,okbZ&;w dk çHkko vkdyu] vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky;

2-5 'kgjh volajpuk fodkl fufèk dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa dh 'kgjh volajpuk fodkl igyksa
¼;wvkbZMh,Q½ dks iwjk djus esa foÙkh; lgk;rk iznku djuk gSA jk-
vk-cSad us jkT;ksa@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa ds fy, ekud
çkFkfedrk izkIr {ks= esa ftruh _.k jkf'k dk mi;ksx ugha vkoaVu fn'kkfunZs'k LFkkfir fd, gSa vkSj dq'ky ;kstuk
gqvk mudk mi;ksx djds foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds dsaæh; fu"iknu ds fy, ,d Lopkfyr ç.kkyh dk;kZfUor dh gSA
ctV esa 'kgjh volajpuk fodkl fufèk ¼;wvkbZMh,Q½ blds vfrfjä] iksVZy esa fofHkUu çcaèku lwpuk ç.kkyh
dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZA jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ¼jk-vk-cSad½ ¼,evkbZ,l½ cukus dk ,d çkoèkku 'kkfey fd;k x;k
}kjk çcafèkr] bl fufèk us ₹10]000 djksM+ ds çkjafHkd gSA 30 flracj] 2024 rd] cSad us ;wvkbZMh,Q ds rgr
fuf/k ds lkFk ifjpkyu 'kq: fd;kA ;wvkbZMh,Q dk ₹3]384-46 djksM+ laLoh—r fd, vkSj ₹151-56 djksM+
çkFkfed mís'; foÙkiks"k.k dk ,d fo'oluh; L=ksr çnku laforfjr fd,A
djds fV;j II vkSj fV;j III 'kgjksa esa jkT; ljdkjksa@

39
 c‚Dl 2-4% ve`r vkSj ,llh,e dh çxfr vkSj miyfCèk;ka

o"kZ 2015 esa] vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; us rhu ,sfrgkfld igyksa% dk;kdYi vkSj 'kgjh ifjorZu ds fy,
vVy fe'ku ¼ve`r½] LekVZ flVht fe'ku ¼,llh,e½ vkSj çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk & 'kgjh ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ dh
'kq:vkr dhA çèkkuea=h Jh ujsUæ eksnh }kjk 25 twu] 2015 dks 'kq: dh xbZ bu igyksa us lkewfgd :i ls 'kgjh
volajpuk dh dk;kdYi dj nh gS vkSj iwjs Hkkjr esa yk[kksa fuokfl;ksa ds thou Lrj esa lqèkkj fd;k gSA

ve`r% vxz.kh lrr 'kgjh volajpuk

dk;kdYi vkSj 'kgjh ifjorZu ds fy, vVy fe'ku ¼ve`r½ 500 'kgjksa esa vU; cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,a çnku djus ds
vykok ty vkiwfrZ dh lkoZHkkSfed dojst vkSj lhojst@lsIVst çcaèku ds dojst esa i;kZIr lqèkkj çnku djus
ij dsafær gSA ₹ 77]640 djksM+ ds Loh—r ;kstuk vkdkj ds eqdkcys] ₹ 83]345 djksM+ dh ykxr okyh 5]996
ifj;kstukvksa dh uhao j[kh xbZ gS] ftlesa ls ₹ 77]691 djksM+ ds dk;ksZa dks HkkSfrd :i ls fØ;kfUor fd;k x;k gSA
ve`r fe'ku ty vkiwfrZ] lhojst vkSj lsIVst çcaèku] o"kkZ ty fudklh] xSj&eksVj pkfyr 'kgjh ifjogu vkSj gfjr
LFkkuksa vkSj ikdksZa ds fodkl ds {ks=ksa esa cqfu;knh 'kgjh volajpuk ds fodkl ij dsafær gSA
viuh 'kq#vkr ls gh ve`r fe'ku dk y{; ,slh volajpuk rS;kj djuk jgk gS tks ukxfjdksa dks lhèks rkSj ij
lsok çnku djus esa lqèkkj djsA ewy fe'ku dk foLrkj] ve`r 2-0 us ty vkiwfrZ] lhojst çcaèku vkSj ty fudk;ksa
ds iqu#)kj esa egRoiw.kZ çxfr dh gSA
'kgjh volajpuk vkSj lsokvksa dh xq.koÙkk esa lqèkkj ij ve`r fe'ku vkSj@;k vfHklj.k dk çHkko bl çdkj gS%
• 139 yk[k ds y{; ds LFkku ij 189 yk[k ty uy dusD'ku ¼u,@lsfor½ çnku fd, x,A
• 145 yk[k ds y{; ds LFkku ij 149 yk[k lhoj dusD'ku ¼u,@lsfor½ ¼Qsdy Lyt vkSj lsIVst
çcaèku&,Q,l,l,e ds ekè;e ls doj fd, x, ?kjksa lfgr½ çnku fd, x,A
• 4]174 fefy;u yhVj çfrfnu ¼,e,yMh½ lhojst mipkj {kerk ¼,lVhih½ vkSj 4]489 fefy;u yhVj çfrfnu
¼,e,yMh½ ty mipkj {kerk ¼MCY;wVhih½ fodflr dh xbZA
• 1]343 fdyksehVj yach ukfy;ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;k] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i 3]556 tyHkjko fcanq lekIr gks
x,A
• 5]010 ,dM+ gfjr {ks= dk fodklA
• 430 fdyksehVj iSny ;k=h@o‚dos vkSj 43 fdyksehVj lkbfdy VªSd fodflr fd;k x;kA
L=ksr% vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; dh 25 twu] 2024 vkSj 08 vxLr] 2024 dh çsl foKfIr

LekVZ flVh fe'ku% 'kgjh uoksUes"k.k vkSj çkS|ksfxdh dk foLrkj

LekVZ flVh fe'ku 'kgjh ifjorZu dk ,d çrhd jgk gS] ftlus yxHkx ₹1-6 yk[k djksM+ dh ykxr okyh 8]000
ls vfèkd uoksUes"kh ifj;kstukvksa ds ekè;e ls 100 'kgjksa esa thou Lrj dks csgrj cuk;k gSA
bl fe'ku us viuh 'kq#vkr ls gh uoksUes"kh fopkjksa dks vktek;k gS] ftlesa 'kgjksa ds chp p;u ds fy, çfrLièkkZ]
dk;kZUo;u ,tsafl;ksa ds :i esa 'kgj ds fo'ks"k ç;kstu ek/;eksa dk mi;ksx] {ks=&rVLFk] lekos'kh] fgrèkkjd
lapkfyr vkSj ifj;kstuk fodkl@p;u ds fy, uhps ls Åij dh vksj –f"Vdks.k] çkS|ksfxdh@fMftVy lekèkkuksa
dk cM+s iSekus ij mi;ksx] tcjnLr lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh vkfn 'kkfey gSaA 100 'kgjksa esa ls çR;sd us ifj;kstukvksa
dk ,d fofoèk lsV fodflr fd;k gS] ftuesa ls dbZ cgqr gh vuks[kh gSa vkSj igyh ckj ykxw dh tk jgh gSa] ftlls

40
 'kgj dh {kerkvksa vkSj vuqHko esa lqèkkj gqvk gS vkSj 'kgj ds Lrj ij cM+s ifjorZu y{;ksa dks çkIr fd;k tk jgk gSA
03 tqykbZ 2024 rd] 100 'kgjksa us fe'ku ds fgLls ds :i esa ₹1]44]237 djksM+ dh jkf'k dh 7]188 ifj;kstuk,a
¼dqy ifj;kstukvksa dk 90 çfr'kr½ iwjh dj yh gSaA ₹19]926 djksM+ dh jkf'k dh 'ks"k 830 ifj;kstuk,a Hkh iwjk
gksus ds vafre pj.k esa gSaA foÙkh; çxfr ds ekeys esa] fe'ku ds ikl 100 'kgjksa ds fy, ₹48]000 djksM+ dk Hkkjr
ljdkj dk vkoafVr ctV gSA vkt dh rkjh[k rd] Hkkjr ljdkj us 100 'kgjksa dks ₹46]585 djksM+ ¼Hkkjr ljdkj
ds vkoafVr ctV dk 97 çfr'kr½ tkjh fd, gSaA 'kgjksa dks tkjh fd, x, bu fuf/k;ksa esa ls] vc rd 93 çfr'kr
dk mi;ksx fd;k tk pqdk gSA fe'ku us 100 esa ls 74 'kgjksa dks fe'ku ds rgr Hkkjr ljdkj dh iwjh foÙkh;
lgk;rk Hkh tkjh dj nh gSA
fe'ku dks dqN jkT;ksa@'kgjksa dh ljdkj ds çfrfufèk;ksa ls dbZ vuqjksèk çkIr gks jgs gSa] rkfd 'ks"k 10 çfr'kr
ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, dqN vkSj le; fn;k tk ldsA bu vuqjksèkksa dk laKku ysrs gq,] Hkkjr ljdkj
us bu 'ks"k 10 çfr'kr ifj;kstukvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, fe'ku dh vofèk 31 ekpZ 2025 rd c<+k nh gSA ;g
foLrkj fe'ku ds rgr igys ls Loh—r foÙkh; vkoaVu ls ijs fdlh Hkh vfrfjä ykxr ds fcuk gksxkA lHkh py
jgh ifj;kstukvksa ds vc 31 ekpZ 2025 ls igys iwjk gksus dh mEehn gSA
L=ksr% vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; dh 25 twu] 2024 vkSj 03 tqykbZ] 2024 dh çsl foKfIr

2-6 'kgjh izokfl;ksa@xjhcksa ds fy, djus ds fy, ekStwnk ljdkjh foÙk iksf"kr [kkyh
fdQk;rh fdjk;k vkokl ifjlj vkoklksa dk mi;ksx djukA
(2) lkoZtfud@futh laLFkkvksa }kjk viuh [kkyh tehu
¼,vkj,plh½
ij ,vkj,plh dk fuekZ.k] ifjpkyu vkSj vuqj{k.k
dksfoM&19 egkekjh ds ifj.kkeLo:i ns'k esa 'kgjh ,vkj,plh ds ykHkkFkÊ bZMCY;w,l@,yvkbZth Jsf.k;ksa
çokfl;ksa@xjhcksa dk vius vkoklksa dh vksj iyk;u gqvkA ds 'kgjh çoklh@xjhc gSa tSls LVªhV osaMj] Jfed]
vkokl ij ykxr cpkus ds fy, 'kgjh çoklh efyu vkS|ksfxd Jfed] fjD'kk pkyd vkfnA ,vkj,plh
cfLr;ksa@vukSipkfjd cfLr;ksa@vufèk—r d‚yksfu;ksa@ ,d@nks 'k;ud{k okyh fjgk;'kh bdkb;ksa vkSj 4@6
vèkZ&'kgjh {ks=ksa esa jgrs gSaA mUgsa vius dk;Z LFkyksa ds fcLrjksa ds 'k;ux`g dk feJ.k gksxk] ftlesa lHkh lkekU;
vkl&ikl mfpr fdjk;s ds vkokl dh vko';drk gSA lqfoèkk,a 'kkfey gksaxh] ftudk mi;ksx fo'ks"k :i ls 25
bl t:jr dks iwjk djus ds fy,] vkoklu vkSj lky dh U;wure vofèk ds fy, fdjk;s ds vkokl ds
'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; us çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk&'kgjh fy, fd;k tk,xkA
¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ ds rgr ,d mi&;kstuk] fdQk;rh ;s ifjlj 'kgjh çokfl;ksa@xjhcksa ds fy, muds
fdjk;k vkokl ifjlj ¼,vkj,plh½ dh 'kq#vkr dhA dk;ZLFkyksa ds djhc lLrh njksa ij ,d lEekutud
;g vkS|ksfxd {ks= ds lkFk&lkFk vukSipkfjd 'kgjh jgus dk okrkoj.k lqfuf'pr djsaxsA ;g ekStwnk [kkyh
vFkZO;oLFkk ds 'kgjh çokfl;ksa@xjhcksa dks muds vkokl LV‚d ds mi;ksx dk ekxZ iz'kLr djsxk vkSj
dk;ZLFky ds djhc çfrf"Br fdQk;rh fdjk;s ds vkokl mUgsa 'kgjh {ks= esa miyCèk djk,xkA ;g ,vkj,plh ds
rd igqap çkIr djus esa vklkuh çnku djsxkA fodkl ds fy, miyCèk futh@lkoZtfud laLFkkvksa dh
,vkj,plh ;kstuk dk;kZUo;u ekWMy% [kkyh Hkwfe dk dq'kyrkiwoZd mi;ksx djus ds fy, bu
laLFkkuksa dks çksRlkfgr djds fdjk;k vkokl lsDVj esa
(1) lkoZtfud futh Hkkxhnkjh ds ek/;e ls ;k
fuos'k ds u, voljksa dks c<+kok nsxk vkSj m|ferk dks
lkoZtfud ,tsafl;ksa }kjk ,vkj,plh esa ifjofrZr
izksRlkfgr djsxkA

41
2-7 Xykscy gkmflax VsDuksykWth bankSj] jktdksV] psUubZ] jkaph] vxjryk vkSj y[kuÅ
pSysat&bafM;k ¼th,pVhlh&bafM;k½ esa Ng vyx&vyx çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dk mi;ksx dj Ng
ykbV gkml ifj;kstukvksa dks vafre :i fn;k x;kA
14 tuojh 2019 dks vkoklu vkSj 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; us
tehuh Lrj ij uoksUes"kh fuekZ.k izkS|ksfxfd;ksas@ç.kkfy;ksa
vkokl fuekZ.k {ks= gsrq fo'o Hkj ds uoksUes"kh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa
ds mi;ksx vkSj Hkkjrh; lanHkZ esa bUgsa eq[;èkkjk esa ykus
tksfd fVdkÅ] i;kZoj.k vuqdwy vkSj vkink jksèkh
ds ckjs esa O;kid Kku dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ,y,pih
gSa] dh igpku vkSj bUgsa eq[;èkkjk esa ykus ds mís';
;FkkFkZ ç;ksx'kkykvksa ds :i esa dk;Z dj jgh gSaA
ds lkFk Xykscy gkmflax VsDuksykWth pSysat&bafM;k
¼th,pVhlh&bafM;k½ dh 'kq:vkr dhA çn'kZu vkokl ifj;kstuk,a ¼Mh,pih½ ubZ@oSdfYid
çkS|ksfxdh ls fufeZr ekWMy vkokl ifj;kstuk,a gSa] tks
bl rjg dh çkS|ksfxfd;ka ykxr çHkkoh vkSj rsth ls
vkokl {ks= esa dk;Zjr O;fä;ksa dks ,slh çkS|ksfxdh ds
dk;Z dks iwjk djus okyh gksaxh vkSj fofoèk Hkw&tyok;q
vuqç;ksx vkSj mi;ksx ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ds lkFk
ifjfLFkfr;ksa vkSj okafNr dk;kZRed vko';drkvksa dks
v‚u&lkbV vHkheq[khdj.k çnku djrh gSaA lkFk gh] ;g
iwjk djrs gq, mPp xq.koÙkk okys vkoklksa ds fuekZ.k
vafre mi;ksxdrkZvksa dks ,sls vkoklksa esa jgus dk volj
dks lqfuf'pr djsaxhA ns'k esa vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl ds
çnku djsxh rkfd ,sls vkoklksa dh Lohdk;Zrk lqfuf'pr
ekgkSy dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Hkfo"; dh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa
dh tk lds vkSj ,slh çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds mi;ksx dks c<+k;k
dks Hkh leFkZu fn;k tk,xkA th,pVhlh&bafM;k lexz
tk ldsA ubZ@oSdfYid çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds tehuh Lrj
:i ls vkokl fuekZ.k {ks= dh rduhdh pqukSfr;ksa dks iwjk
ds vuqç;ksx dks çnf'kZr djus ds fy,] vkoklu vkSj
djus ds fy, ,d ikfjra= ra= fodflr djuk pkgrk gSA
'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; us ih,e,okbZ ¼;w½ ds rgr çkS|ksfxdh
Xykscy gkmflax VsDuksy‚th pSysat&bafM;k mi&fe'ku ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa fuekZ.k lkexzh ,oa
¼th,pVhlh&bafM;k½ ,d pqukSrh çfØ;k ds ekè;e çkS|ksfxdh lao)Zu ifj"kn~ ¼ch,eVhihlh½ ds ekè;e ls
ls oSf'od Lrj ij miyCèk lokZsÙke uoksUes"kh fuekZ.k Mh,pih ds fuekZ.k dh igy dh gSA
çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks çkIr djuk pkgrk gSA bldk mís';
çR;sd Mh,pih esa fVdkÅ] ykxr vkSj le; çHkkoh ,slh
fVdkÅ rjhds ls mPp xq.koÙkk okys fuekZ.k ds lkFk de
mHkjrh gqbZ oSdfYid vkokl fuekZ.k çkS|ksfxfd;ka ds
ls de le; vkSj de ls de ykxr esa jgus ;ksX; rS;kj
mi;ksx ls rS;kj 40 rd edku gksaxs] tks lacafèkr {ks=
vkoklksa dk çn'kZu vkSj miyC/k djkuk gSA ;g pSysat
dh Hkw&tyok;q vkSj tksf[ke Hkjh ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy,
ns'k esa vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl ds ekgkSy dks c<+kok nsus
mi;qä gksaxhA
ds fy, buD;wcs'ku lgk;rk vkSj Rojd dk;Z'kkykvksa ds
ekè;e ls Hkfo"; dh laHkkfor çkS|ksfxfd;ksa dks c<+kok
nsuk pkgrk gSA 2-8 gfjr vkokl
ykbV gkml ifj;kstuk,a ¼,y,pih½ e‚My vkoklh; ÅtkZ [kir dh ekax] vkS|ksfxd xfrfofèk vkSj xzhugkml
ifj;kstuk,a gSa] ftuesa {ks= dh Hkw&tyok;q vkSj tksf[ke xSlksa ds mRltZu esa o`f) ds dkj.k 'kgjhdj.k esa o`f) ls
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds fy, mi;qä p;fur oSdfYid rduhd i;kZoj.k dh lrrrk çHkkfor gksrh gSA çk—frd lalkèkuksa
dh enn ls yxHkx 1]000 vkoklksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k tk ds ºzkl ls i;kZoj.k dk {kj.k gksrk gS vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh
jgk gSA ;s ifj;kstuk,a vfèkdre xfr] fdQk;rh vkSj ra= çHkkfor gksrk gS] ftlls çnw"k.k vkSj varr% tyok;q
fVdkÅ rjhds ls fuekZ.k dh csgrj xq.koÙkk ds lkFk jgus ifjorZu gksrk gSA bl çdkj] gfjr fodkl ,d
;ksX; vkoklksa ds fuekZ.k dk çn'kZu dj jgh gSaA fpfUgr egRoiw.kZ ,tsaMk cu tkrk gS rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k
54 çkS|ksfxfd;ksa esa ls] ns'k esa vkxs eq[;èkkjk esa ykus ds tk lds fd thou Lrj dks cuk, j[kk tk lds vkSj
fy, bu çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds mi;ksx dks çnf'kZr djus gsrq vkfFkZd fodkl ds dkedkt ds dkj.k gksus okys uqdlku
ls vklikl dh ç—fr dks cpk;k tk ldsA

42
^^tSls&tSls ns'k vkfFkZd fodkl dh vksj c<+ jgs gSa] dbZ rFkk egkuxjksa ls vkxs fV;j II] III 'kgjksa rd ys tkuk
cnykoksa esa ls ,d tks os vuqHko dj jgs gSa] og gS thou vfuok;Z gSA
thus dk if'peh e‚My] ;kuh ,dy ifjokj vkSj ,dy Hkkjr esa 'kgjh vkokl dh deh dh ek=k vkSj ç—fr
O;fä okyk ?kjA vkt vuqeku gS fd Hkkjr esa yxHkx dks è;ku esa j[krs gq,] Hkkjr ljdkj ds vkoklu vkSj
50 çfr'kr ifjokj ,dy ¼1&4 lnL;½ gSa] tks 2008 dh 'kgjh dk;Z ea=ky; us lHkh 'kgjh ifjokjksa dks vkokl
rqyuk esa 38 çfr'kr ls vfèkd gSA ;g LokHkkfod gS fd miyCèk djkus gsrq çèkkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk & 'kgjh
,dy ifjokj ds rkSj ij thou thus ls vfrfjä vkokl ¼ih,e,okbZ&;w½ ifj;kstuk dh 'kq:vkr dhA ;g ;kstuk
bdkb;ksa dh ekax c<+rh gS] tks NksVh vkSj vfèkd Lora= fdQk;rh gfjr Hkouksa ds fodkl ds ekè;e ls Hkouksa dh
ç—fr dh gksrh gSaA ;g ns[krs gq, fd 2050 rd ekax ds oguh;rk vkSj i;kZoj.k vudwy gksus dh vfuok;Zrkvksa
nksxquk gksus dh mEehn gS] Hkkjr esa vkokl dh leL;k dks è;ku esa j[krh gSA bl rjg] ;g ;kstuk la;qä jk"Vª
eaMjk jgh gSA nwljh vksj] Hkwfe lhfer cuh gqbZ gSA vf/kd }kjk rS;kj fd, x, dbZ lrr fodkl y{;ksa ¼,lMhth½
mPp vk; okys 'kgjh ,dy ifjokj clkoV 'kgjh QSyko esa lhèks ;ksxnku nsus dk Hkh ç;kl djrh gSA fdQk;rh
dh ço`fÙk dks tUe nsrs gSa] ftlds dkj.k ÅtkZ [kir c<+ vkSj lrr vkokl dk fuekZ.k vkSj lapkyu vkfFkZd :i
tkrh gS] çnw"k.k dk Lrj vfèkd gks tkrk gSA ifjokj ds ls detksj oxksZa ds yksxksa dks jgus ds fy, ,d lkQ]
vkdkj vkSj lrrrk ij çfrdwy çHkko ds chp lacaèk dks LoPN vkSj lEekutud LFkku çnku djrk gS] 'kgjksa dks
iwjh nqfu;k esa Lohdkj fd;k tk jgk gSA ¼L=ksr% vkfFkZd i;kZoj.k ds çfr tkx:d rjhds ls fodflr djus esa
loZs{k.k 2023&24½ l{ke cukrk gS] 'kgjh leqnk;ksa ds chp vlekurk dks
vkokl vkSj fuekZ.k m|ksx ,d vksj tgka vkfFkZd fodkl de djus dk ç;kl djrk gS] vkSj fuekZ.k m|ksx ds fy,
esa çeq[k ;ksxnkudrkZvksa esa ls ,d gS] ogha nwljh vksj ,d vfèkd ftEesnkj –f"Vdks.k dk çrhd gSA
lacafèkr dkcZu MkbvkWDlkbM mRltZu dh çfØ;k esa Hkh
egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnkudrkZ gSA fuekZ.k m|ksx ;k vfèkd fo'ks"k 2-9 jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad dh xks&xzhu igy
:i ls fjgk;'kh Hkw&laink {ks= ÅtkZ ¼40 çfr'kr½ ds
lcls cM+s miHkksäkvksa esa ls vkSj xzhu&gkml xSl mRltZu • jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ¼jk-vk-cSad½ tksfd ns'k esa vkokl
¼33 çfr'kr½ ds lcls cM+s mRltZudrkZvksa esa ls ,d gSA foÙk gsrq 'kh"kZLFk laLFkk gS] uoksUes"kh vkSj gfjr
'kgjh {ks=ksa esa u, Hkou fuekZ.k dks lksp&le>dj fd, vkokl çkS|ksfxfd;ksa ds lkFk fdQk;rh vkokl dks
tkus dh vko';drk gS] vU;Fkk blls Hkkjr esa xzhugkml c<+kok nsus dk ç;kl djrk gSA jk-vk-cSad us Hkkjr
xSl ¼th,pth½ mRltZu esa vkSj o`f) gks ldrh gS rFkk esa ÅtkZ n{k fjgk;'kh vkokl vkSj i;kZokl dks ,d
2070 rd dkcZu eqä cuus dh Hkkjr dh çfrc)rk dks ,sls {ks= ds :i esa fpfUgr fd;k gS ftl ij è;ku
çkIr djuk vkSj vfèkd dfBu gks ldrk gSA nsus dh vko';drk gSA
• cSad us gfjr vkokl dks c<+kok nsus gsrq le;&le;
Hkkjr ljdkj fjgk;'kh fuekZ.k {ks= esa mRltZu dks de
ij fofHkUu laLFkkuksa tSls ds,QMCyw] teZuh(
djus ds fy, çfrc) gSA Xyklxks esa vk;ksftr lhvksih26
Mh,QvkbZMh] ;wds( ,,QMh] Ýkal vkfn ds lkFk
cSBd ds nkSjku Hkkjr us 2070 rd ^^usV t+hjks** cuus
lk>snkjh dh gSA
dk y{; j[krs gq, vius 5&lw=h tyok;q y{;&iapke`r
dh ?kks"k.kk dhA • Hkkjr ds 2015 esa lhvksih21 ij gLrk{kj djus ls
cgqr igys gh] jk-vk-cSad vkSj ds,QMCY;w us 2010
Hkkjr esa gfjr Hkou fuekZ.k cktkj vHkh vius fodkl ds esa ÅtkZ n{k u, fjgk;'kh vkokl dks c<+kok nsus gsrq
'kq#vkrh pj.k esa gS] ftlesa dsoy 5 çfr'kr bekjrksa dks lg;ksx fd;k FkkA
gfjr ds :i esa oxÊ—r fd;k x;k gSA vHkh rd] gfjr
• dk;ZØe 2013 rd lQyrkiwoZd iwjk gks x;k Fkk
yscfyax dk >qdko okf.kfT;d bekjrksa dh vksj gS vkSj
ftlesa 50 fefy;u ;wjks dh _.k O;oLFkk 'kkfey
gfjr yscy okyh bekjrksa dk ,d NksVk çfr'kr ¼5&7
Fkh ¼2000 vkoklh; bdkbZ;ksa gsrq yxHkx 382 djksM+
çfr'kr½ gh fjgk;'kh vkokl [kaM ls gSA gfjr yscy
jkf'k dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k Fkk½A yf{kr cpr ,d
dks fjgk;'kh vkoklksa] fo'ks"kdj fdQk;rh vkokl [kaM
ekud ?kj dh rqyuk esa 30 çfr'kr FkhA gkykafd]

43
 ge lfØ; vkSj fuf"Ø; mik;ksa lfgr yxHkx 34 deh vkbZ rFkk 'kq) gfjr xSlksa dk çHkko 2332
çfr'kr dh lexz cpr gkfly dj ldsA Vu@o"kZ jgkA
• jk-vk-cSad us vxLr 2017 esa ,,QMh ds lkFk • cSad us fnYyh] eqacbZ] dksydkrk] csaxyq# vkSj psUubZ
lk>snkjh esa fjgk;'kh {ks= esa 100 fefy;u ;wjks esa gfjr vkoklu ij tkx:drk dk;ZØe vk;ksftr
¼yxHkx 5300 vkoklh; bdkbZ;ksa ds fy, yxHkx fd,A
₹811 djksM+½ ds foÙkiks"k.k ?kVd vkSj 12 fefy;u • cSad us jkT; vkokl vfèkdkfj;ksa ¼xkft;kckn
;wjks ds rduhdh lgk;rk vuqnku ds lkFk lujsQ fodkl çkfèkdj.k] Hkksiky fodkl çkfèkdj.k]
¼çk—frd lalk/ku ,oa ÅtkZ foÙk dk lrr mi;ksx½ gfj;k.kk vkokl cksMZ½ ds lkFk&lkFk iwokZsÙkj jkT;ksa
gfjr vkokl bafM;k dk;ZØe 'kq: fd;kA ds fodkl çkfèkdj.kksa ds fy, çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe
• dk;ZØe dk mÌs'; i;kZoj.k ij vkokl m|ksx ds vk;ksftr fd,A MsoyilZ] ih,yvkbZ ds fy, Hkh
udkjkRed çHkko dks de djuk] dq'ky fuekZ.k çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd, x,A ykbV gkml
lkexzh ds mi;ksx ds lkFk gfjr fjgk;'kh vkoklksa ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, jk"Vªh; vè;;u nkSjs vk;ksftr
ds fodkl dks çksRlkfgr djds ÅtkZ vkSj ikuh ds fd, x,A
fcyksa esa cpr c<+kuk] Hkkjr esa gfjr vkSj fdQk;rh
vkokl ifj;kstukvksa dks c<+kok nsuk] fuEu vkSj 2-10 vuqla/kku v/;;u
eè;e vk; okys lewgksa dks gfjr fdQk;rh vkokl
cSad us vf[ky Hkkjr esa Hkkjrh; çca/ku laLFkku
çnku djuk FkkA
¼vkbZvkbZ,e½ dks vkokl vkSj vkokl foÙk {ks= ds fo"k;ksa
• dk;ZØe ds ifj.kkeLo:i 2]914]984 ;wfuV çfr ds rgr ikap 'kks/k v/;;uksa ds fy, foÙk iks"k.k iznku
o"kZ ÅtkZ dh cpr gqbZ] 1]59]510 ?ku ehVj@o"kZ fd;kA fjiksVsaZ osclkbV ij miyC/k gSaA
ty [kir esa deh vkbZ] vif'k"V esa 1741 Vu dh

ckWDl 2-5% jk-vk-cSad }kjk Hkkjrh; çcaèku laLFkku ¼vkbZvkbZ,e½ dks

foÙk iksf"kr 'kksèk fjiksVZ ds çeq[k fu"d"kksZa dk lkjka'k

1- fjolZ ,U;qbVh e‚VZxst esa o`f) esa lqèkkj dSls djsa

Hkkjr esa ofj"B ukxfjdksa dh fgLlsnkjh yxHkx 10% gS] tks 2050 rd nksxquh gks tk,xhA tSls&tSls ukxfjdksa
dh mez c<+rh gS] HkkSfrd laifÙk j[kus dh çklafxdrk de gksrh tkrh gS] ysfdu pyfuf/k] foÙkh; laifÙk;ksa
dh vko';drk rsth ls egRoiw.kZ gksrh tkrh gS ¼eq[; :i ls LokLF; lsok dh c<+rh t:jrksa ds dkj.k½A
mik[;kukRed lk{; crkrs gSa fd 2014&15 ds nkSjku] 24 cSadksa vkSj vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ¼vk-fo-da-½ us
17]000 djksM+ fuxZe fd,A 'kksèk ifj;kstuk mu dkj.kksa dk irk yxkus dk ç;kl djrh gS fd vkiwfrZ vkSj
ekax nksuksa i{kksa ds fy, blds ykHkksa ds ckotwn vkj,,e ,d yksdfç; ekWVZxst mRikn D;ksa ugha cu ldkA
;g 'kksèk fgrèkkjdksa vFkkZr cSadksa@_.knkrk laLFkkvksa ds ofj"B vfèkdkfj;ksa vkSj laHkkfor xzkgdksa ds lajfpr
lk{kkRdkj ds ekè;e ls fd;k x;k FkkA lk{kkRdkj ds mÙkjksa dk O;fäijd fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k vkSj uhfrxr
flQkfj'kksa esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA
• fjolZ ,U;qbVh e‚xZst ¼vkj,e½ ds fy, vkiwfrZ&i{k dh ckèkk,
_.knkrk laLFkkvksa ds dbZ mÙkjnkrkvksa esa tkx:drk dh deh Fkh vkSj os mRikn dks lgh <ax ls ugha
le> ik,A

44
 dbZ mÙkjnkrkvksa us vkj,,e dks ijs'kkuh dk ladsr ekukA ;g mRikn mu ofj"B ukxfjdksa ds fy, vfèkd
mi;qä ekuk tkrk gS ftudh ns[kHkky muds cPps ugha djrsA
• ekax i{k ij vkj,,e dh èkkj.kk
tc ekax i{k ij ckr dh xbZ rks dqN mÙkjnkrkvksa ds fy, vkj,,e us ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks foÙkh;
Lora=rk iznku dh gS] ftlls bfDoVh udnh çokg esa cny xbZZA vU; yksx vkj,,e dks viukus ds
f[kykQ Fks D;ksafd mUgsa yxrk Fkk fd vkj,,e foÙkh; ladV dk ladsr gSA mUgsa yxrk gS fd vkj,,e
dk eryc gS fd ekrk&firk vius cPpksa dks laifÙk fojklr esa nsus ds fy, rS;kj ugha gSaA dqN yksx
viuh laifÙk [kksus ds tksf[ke ds ckjs esa fpafrr FksA
• vuq'kalk,a
o mÙkjnkrkvksa ds ,d cM+s fgLls us vkj,,e ds laca/k esa xzkgdksa vkSj cSad çcaèkdksa nksuksa ds chp
tkx:drk dh deh dh vksj b'kkjk fd;k] Hkkjr ljdkj@jk-vk-cSad tkx:drk dk;ZØe ds fy,
ctV vkoafVr djus ij fopkj dj ldrs gSaA
o laifÙk fjd‚MZ MsVk ds fy, jkT;&Lrjh; lg;ksx lqfuf'pr fd;k tk,A blls ;g lqfuf'pr djus
esa enn feysxh fd laikf'oZd dk ifjlekiu] ;k okLrfod ifjiDork ij dkuwuh mÙkjkfèkdkfj;ksa ls
fuiVuk _.knkrkvksa ds fy, ljy gSA
o vkj,,e dks çkFkfedrk izkIr {ks= _.k ds Hkhrj 'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA ,sls mRiknksa ij ykxw
C;kt njksa dks fofu;fer fd;k tk ldrk gSA
o ,yVhoh dks Hkfo"; ds ewY; ds ctk; vfxzeksa ds ldy orZeku ewY; ¼ihoh½ ij ykxw fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A blls vkj,,e vfxze ofj"Bksa ukxfjdksa ds fy, vfèkd vkd"kZd cusaxsA
o jk-vk-cSad _.knkrkvksa dks ÞdksbZ udkjkRed bfDoVh xkjaVh ughaß ¼,u,ubZth½ dh is'kd'k djus ij
fopkj dj ldrk gS] ftlesa caèkddrkZvksa dh ns;rk laikf'oZd rd lhfer gSA
o djkèkku & _.knkrkvksa dks vuqdwy dj mipkj ds fy, nh?kZdkfyd iwathxr ykHk ¼,yVhlhth½ ds
:i esa okLrfod ifjiDork ij dqy vftZr C;kt dks fpfUgr djus dh vuqefr nh tk ldrh gSA
o ,d ckj tc ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks fjolZ bZ,evkbZ dk Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS] rks mUgsa bls viuh ilan
ds vuqlkj mi;ksx djus dh Lora=rk gksuh pkfg,A vfxze jkf'k ds mi;ksx ij fdlh Hkh çdkj dh
fuxjkuh@ çfrcUèk çfrdwy ifj.kke nsus okyk gksxkA
o Hkkjr esa vkj,,e ik=rk ds fy, U;wure vk;q ?kVkdj 50 o"kZ dh tk ldrh gSA
o ,d ls vf/kd Hkw&laink vkfLr ¼fdlh Hkh çdkj dh okf.kfT;d ;k fjgk;'kh½ okys ofj"B ukxfjdksa
dks vkj,e gsrq fxjoh j[kus ds fy, viuh ilan dh laifÙk pquus esa l{ke gksuk pkfg,A
o orZeku vko';drk ds vuqlkj] laikf'oZd ofj"B ukxfjdksa dk çkFkfed fuokl gksuk pkfg,A bl
çfrcaèk dks gVkus ls ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks vfèkd Lora=rk feysxhA
o fQuVsd% dqN mÙkjnkrkvksa us 'kkjhfjd :i ls det+ksj ofj"B ukxfjdksa ds fy, cksf>y gkehnkjh
vadu çfØ;k ds ckjs esa f'kdk;r dhA ofj"B ukxfjdksa ds lkFk vkeus&lkeus dh ckrphr dks de
djus ds fy,] fo'ks"k :i ls mRifÙk ds nkSjku] uokpkj dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, fQuVsd QeksZa dks
'kkfey fd;k tk ldrk gSA
o vkj,,e ds çfrHkwfrdj.k dks c<+kok nsus ls cktkj dks c<+kok nsus esa vkSj enn fey ldrh gSA
vkj,,e ls dbZ rjg ds t+hjks&dwiu c‚UM ¼tsMlhch½ cu ldrs gSa ftudh ifjiDork vofèk
vyx&vyx gksxhA

45
 2- Hkkjr esa fjolZ e‚xZst dh laHkkouk dks le>uk% ofj"B ukxfjdksa dh èkkj.kkvksa vkSj –f"Vdks.kksa dk
,d vè;;u
2050 rd] ns'k esa ofj"B ukxfjdksa dh fgLlsnkjh nksxquh gksdj 20-8 çfr'kr gks tk,xh] vkSj dqy la[;k 347
fefy;u gksxh ¼bafM;k ,ftax fjiksVZ] 2023½A vU; ns'kksa ds vuqHko n'kkZrs gSa fd ?kj&ds&fy,&isa'ku dk;ZØe
fdl rjg ls ofj"B ukxfjdksa dks laifÙk dk ekfyd cuus vkSj viuh vko';drkvksa ds fy, Hkqxrku djus esa
l{ke cukus ds iw.kZ ykHk dks 'kkfey vkSj mi;ksx dj ldrk gSA
bl v/;;u dk nk;jk eq[; :i ls Hkkjr esa vkj,e,y mRiknksa ds lanHkZ esa mèkkjdrkZvksa dh èkkj.kk vkSj
–f"Vdks.k ij dsafær gSA dqy 112 mÙkjnkrkvksa ¼50$ vk;q oxZ½ ls laidZ fd;k x;k vkSj cSadjksa] laHkkfor
mèkkjdrkZvksa] bl {ks= esa fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa lfgr fofHkUu fgrèkkjdksa ds xq.kkRed fopkjksa dks tkuus ds fy,
dsafær lewg ifjppkZ ¼,QthMh½ vk;ksftr dh xbZA
o fu"d"kZ crkrs gSa fd vk;q] f'k{kk Lrj vkSj LokLF; chek us tkx:drk Lrj dks egRoiw.kZ :i ls çHkkfor
ugha fd;k gS] tcfd fyax vkSj okf"kZd vk; us vkj,e,y ds tkx:drk Lrj ij egRoiw.kZ çHkko Mkyk
gSA iq#"k mÙkjnkrkvksa esa efgykvksa dh rqyuk esa mRikn ds ckjs esa vfèkd tkx:drk vkSj Kku gSA
tkx:drk esa ;s vlekurk,¡ lkaL—frd vkSj lkekftd dkjdksa ds dkj.k gks ldrh gSa] tks Hkkjrh; lekt
esa ikjaifjd fyax Hkwfedkvksa vkSj vkfFkZd xfr'khyrk dks n'kkZrh gSaA
o vè;;u esa pkj egRoiw.kZ dkjd lkeus vk, tks vkj,e,y ds laHkkfor miHkksäkvksa dks çHkkfor dj ldrs
gSaA os gSa O;kid ykHk] fojklr vkSj ifjokj] fodYi vkSj èkkj.kkA blds vykok] dsafær lewg ifjppkZ
¼,QthMh½ us fofu;ked ckèkkvksa] C;kt njksa] tkx:drk] èkkj.kkvksa vkSj fodYiksa tSls vU; igyqvksa ds
ckjs esa vkoxr djk;kA
o cSadjksa dks mRikn dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, dksbZ çksRlkgu ;k çsj.kk ugha feyrh gSA os le>rs gSa fd fu;fer
ekWVsZxst dh rqyuk esa vkj,e,y ds lkFk tqM+k tksf[ke leku gSA

• vuq'kalk,a
vè;;u ds fu"d"kksZa ds vkèkkj ij] ;g Li"V gS fd ofj"B ukxfjdksa esa tkx:drk cgqr de gS vkSj mfpr
foi.ku dh deh ds dkj.k vkj,e,y ds çfr mudk –f"Vdks.k vkSj èkkj.kk ldkjkRed ugha gSA blfy,]
'kksèkdrkZ us fuEufyf[kr lq>ko fn, tSls fd vkØked foi.ku] ofj"B ukxfjdksa esa tkx:drk iSnk djuk]
lkaL—frd laosnu'khyrk ij fopkj] uhfr la'kksèku vkfnA

Hkkjr
3.  esa gfjr fjgk;'kh Hkou fuekZ.k% ykxr] oguh;rk vkSj foÙkiks"k.k j.kuhfr;k¡
Hkkjr esa Hkou fuekZ.k esa vkoklh; fuekZ.k dk ,d cM+k fgLlk gSA vkfFkZd fodkl] tulkaf[;dh; cnyko vkSj
c<+rh le`f) Hkfo"; esa vkoklh; fuekZ.k dh ekax dks c<+k,xhA Hkkjr ds usV thjks ,tsaMs esa Hkou fuekZ.k lsDVj
dh vge Hkwfedk gksxhA 'kksèk esa ¼i½ Hkkjr esa gfjr vkoklh; Hkouksa dh thou&pØ ykxr ¼ii½ ?kj [kjhnus okys
ds fy, gfjr Hkouksa dh ykxr dk lkeF;Z ij çHkko dk vuqeku ¼iii½ gfjr Hkouksa ds fy, foÙkiks"k.k mRiknksa
dks fMtkbu djus esa _.knkrkvksa ds fy, çeq[k fopkjksa ds izLrkoksa dh tkap dh xbZ gSA
vè;;u esa ikjaifjd Hkou fuekZ.k dh rqyuk esa gfjr Hkou fuekZ.k dh ykxr esa o`f) dh HkjikbZ ds fy,
vko';d foÙkh; çksRlkguksa dh x.kuk djus vkSj fV;j I vkSj fV;j II nksuksa 'kgjksa esa lacafèkr vkokl ds vkdkj
ds lkFk fofHkUu vk; Jsf.k;ksa esa vkokl dh oguh;rk dh x.kuk djus ds fy, ,d ljy LçsM'khV e‚My

46
 dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gSA vè;;u esa gfjr Hkou fuekZ.k ls tqM+h çeq[k leL;kvksa dh igpku djus ds fy,
fgrèkkjdksa ¼_.knkrkvksa vkSj fcYMjksa½ ds dqN loZs{k.k fd, x, gSaA
o ifj.kke n'kkZrs gSa fd gfjr lqfoèkkvksa ds dkj.k fuekZ.k dh ykxr esa 3-6 izfr'kr dh o`f) gksrh gSA fuekZ.k
dh ykxr esa ;g o`f) vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxksZa ¼bZMCY;w,l½] de vk; vkSj eè;e vk; okys ifjokjksa
dh oguh;rk ij ncko Mkysxh] tks Hkkjr esa ifjokjksa dk ,d cM+k fgLlk gSaA
o _.knkrkvksa ds loZs{k.k ds ifj.kke crkrs gSa fd iwath ij fjVuZ muds fuos'k fu.kZ;ksa dk lokZsifj fuèkkZjd
gSA _.knkrk gfjr fjgk;'kh Hkouksa ds [kjhnkjksa ds fy, C;kt njksa ij cgqr vfèkd NwV ugha ns jgs gSaA
gkykafd] Hkw&fodkld dks gfjr Hkou fuekZ.k _.k ij 0-5&1 izfr'kr dh NwV fey jgh gSA
o vfèkdka'k mÙkjnkrk bl ckr ls lger gSa fd vkerkSj ij muds ikl gfjr vkoklh; Hkou ifj;kstukvksa
ds ewY;kadu ds fy, de leqfpr lko/kkuh vko';drkvksa dh uhfr gksrh gSA muesa ls dqN us ;g Hkh
crk;k fd os gfjr vkoklh; Hkou ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, de ckèkk nj ij fopkj djrs gSa vkSj blds
ewY;kadu ds fy, de 'kqYd Hkh ysrs gSaA blls irk pyrk gS fd _.knkrkvksa ds ikl gfjr vkoklh;
ifj;kstukvksa ds ewY;kadu ds fy, ,d lfØ; uhfr gSA
• vuq'kalk,a
o vè;;u ds vkèkkj ij] ,d egRoiw.kZ uhfrxr i{k leFkZu ;g gksxh fd okf.kfT;d cSadksa ij fofu;ked
funsZ'k ykxw fd, tk,a] rkfd ?kj [kjhnus okyksa ds fy, vkokl _.k ij C;kt nj ij 0-5&1 izfr'kr
dh NwV çnku dh tk ldsA
o ih,e,okbZ tSls dk;ZØeksa dks gfjr Hkou ds fy, lfClMh nsuh pkfg,] [kkldj chih,y@bZMCY;w,l vkSj
,yvkbZth ifjokjksa ds fy,A
o LVkai MîwVh esa deh vkSj mPp ,Q,vkj Øe'k% ?kj [kjhnkjksa vkSj Hkw&fodkldksa ds fy, vfrfjä ykxr
dh HkjikbZ djus dk ,d laHkkfor rjhdk gks ldrk gSA
o f}rh;d caèkd cktkj tks gfjr vkoklh; _.kksa ds iwy ds vkèkkj ij çfrHkwfr;ksa dk fodkl dj ldrk gS]
mu fuos'kdksa dks vkdf"kZr dj ldrk gS tks xzhu c‚UM esa fuos'k djuk ilan djrs gSaA blls _.knkrkvksa
ds fy, iwath dh ykxr de gks tk,xhA
o _.knkrk gfjr tek jkf'k;ksa dk ykHk mBk ldrs gSa] tSlk fd dqN cSadksa us lgkjk fy;k gS] ftlls cSadksa
ds fy, iwath dh ykxr de gks ldrh gSA
4- gfjr fjgk;'kh vkokl% ykxr çHkkoh vkSj fdQk;rh cukuk
gfjr vkokl dh mPp ykxr ¼ikjaifjd bekjrksa dh rqyuk esa½ [kkldj fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa ,d
egRoiw.kZ ckèkk cuh gqbZ gSA gfjr vkokl ls tqM+h vf/kd ykxr dk ,d dkj.k gfjr fuekZ.k lkexzh gSA bl
vè;;u esa Hkkjr esa gfjr fuekZ.k lkexzh dh vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk dk irk yxk;k x;k gS rkfd vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk ds
lnL;ksa }kjk lkeuk dh tkus okyh pqukSfr;ksa dks le>k tk lds vkSj gfjr fuekZ.k lkexzh dh mPp ykxr ds
fy, ftEesnkj dkjdksa dh igpku dh tk lds vkSj muds chp ds varlZacaèkksa dks le>k tk ldsA v‚uykbu
eksM ds ekè;e ls cÙkhl vyx&vyx QeksZa ls lacafèkr dqy iSarhl vèkZ&lajfpr lk{kkRdkj vk;ksftr fd,
x,A ;s QeZ fofHkUu gfjr lkefxz;ksa ¼tSls ¶ykbZ ,s'k bZaVsa] xzhu Xykl] LVhy] lhesaV vkSj fuEu ohvks,l isaV½
dh vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk ds lnL; FksA fu"d"kksZa dk lkjka'k bl çdkj gS%
o vkiwfrZ J`a[kyk ds lnL;ksa dks fuEufyf[kr ls lacafèkr leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gS% ¼i½ ckgjh
i;kZoj.k lacaèkh pqukSfr;k¡% ¶ykbZ ,s'k dh ekax vkSj vkiwfrZ ¼ii½ ifjpkyu lacaèkh pqukSfr;k¡% e'khujh dk
mRiknu vkSj mRiknu çfØ;k ¼iii½ vkod ifjogu laca/kh pqukSfr;k¡% ekSle] [kjhn vkSj ifjogu ¼iv½ fuxkZeh

47
 ifjogu laca/kh pqukSfr;k¡% fMyhojh foQyrk vkSj r`rh; i{k ds y‚ftfLVDl ls lacafèkr ¼v½ foi.ku vkSj
fcØh lacaf/kr pqukSfr;k¡% xzkgd tkx:drk vkSj fcØh c<+kus ls lacafèkrA
o gfjr fuekZ.k lkexzh dh mPp ykxr ds izeq[k dkjd gSa ¼i½ bZaèku vkSj ÅtkZ lacaèkh dkjd% egaxh ÅtkZ
vkSj bZaèku ¼ii½ ifjogu lacaèkh dkjd% izfrcaf/kr ifjogu ds rjhds vkSj egaxk ifjogu ¼iii½ foi.ku vkSj
mRiknu lacaèkh dkjd% egaxk foi.ku vkSj foKkiu rFkk egaxh çlaLdj.k vkSj iSdsftax ¼iv½ dPps eky
lacaèkh dkjd% egaxk dPpk eky] mPp bUosaVªh ykxr vkSj dPps eky dh dherksa esa o`f)A
• vuq'kalk,a
o ljdkjh ,tsafl;ksa ¼dsaæ] jkT; vkSj uxjikfydk Lrj ij½ vkSj fofHkUu m|ksx la?kksa dks gfjr vkokl vkSj
gfjr fuekZ.k lkexzh ds i;kZoj.kh; vkSj vkfFkZd ykHkksa ds ckjs esa tkx:drk c<+kus ds fy, vkSj vfèkd
igy djuh pkfg,A
o gfjr lkexzh fuekZrkvksa dks vius mRiknksa ds fy, çek.ku çkIr djus ds fy, çksRlkfgr fd;k tkuk
pkfg,] rkfd vafre mi;ksxdrkZ dh vius mRiknksa ds fy, Hkqxrku djus dh bPNk c<+sA
o ¶ykbZ ,s'k dh vkiwfrZ dh fufonk vkSj fuf'pr dksVk&vkèkkfjr ç.kkyh dh fQj ls tkap dh tk ldrh
gS] D;ksafd NksVs iSekus ds mRiknd mRikn [kjhnus esa vleFkZ gSaA
o isoj Cy‚d ds ekeys esa fuekZrkvksa dks vyx&vyx IykfLVd dpjs dh vkiwfrZ esa uxj fuxeksa ds ekè;e
ls vfèkd lgk;rk çnku djds dPps eky dh ykxr dks de fd;k tk ldrk gSA
o bZaèku vkSj ÅtkZ ls lacafèkr dkjdksa dks lacksfèkr djus ds fy,] uohdj.kh; ÅtkZ dks viukuk ,d Li"V
vkSj csgrj fodYi gksxk D;ksafd blls mRiknu ykxr esa deh vk,xhA
5- 3Mh daØhV fçafVax fufeZr vkokl bdkb;ksa ij fofHkUu fgrèkkjdksa dh èkkj.kk ij ,d vè;;u
3Mh daØhV fçafVax ¼3Mhlhih½ tSlh uoksUes"kh fuekZ.k rduhdsa vkokl dh deh dks rst+] vfèkd ykxr çHkkoh
vkSj fVdkÅ fuekZ.k fofèk;ksa ds lkFk nwj djus ds fy, laHkkfor lekèkku ds :i esa mHkjh gSaA vè;;u
fuEufyf[kr mís';ksa ds lkFk fd;k x;k Fkk%
d½ 3Mhlhih ds fodkl dk vè;;u] ¼[k½ 3Mhlhih çksVksVkbi dk fMtkbu vkSj fodkl ¼x½ fgrèkkjdksa dh
èkkj.kk vkSj fo'ys"k.k vkSj ¼?k½ 3Mhlhih çkS|ksfxdh dks viukus esa lqèkkj ds fy, flQkfj'ksa çnku djukA
vè;;u ds ,d Hkkx ds :i esa] ,d 3Mh daØhV fçaVj çksVksVkbi dks fMt+kbu vkSj fodflr fd;k x;k Fkk
rkfd voèkkj.kk ds çek.k ¼ihvkslh½ dks ewrZ :i ls vkSj lgHkkfxrkiw.kZ rjhds ls çnf'kZr fd;k tk ldsA
vkbZvkbZVh eækl dh ç;ksx'kkyk vkSj csaxyq# esa Hkkjr ds igys 3Mh&eqfær Mkd?kj dk Hkh nkSjk fd;k x;kA
fpfUgr fgrèkkjdksa ds pkj lewgksa vFkkZr~ ¼d½ fcYMlZ vkSj Bsdsnkj ¼[k½ miHkksäk ¼x½ cSad vkSj foÙkh; laLFkku]
vkSj ¼?k½ 'kS{kf.kd vkSj vuqlaèkku leqnk; ls [kqys&var okys ç'ukoyh vkSj lk{kkRdkj ¼80 çfrHkkfx;ksa½ ds
ekè;e ls MsVk ,d= fd;k x;k FkkA fgrèkkjdksa dh èkkj.kk dks fuEukuqlkj oxÊ—r fd;k x;k gS%
• Kku vkSj tkx:drk & fgrèkkjdksa ds chp tkx:drk vyx&vyx gSA 3Mhlhih dks eq[;èkkjk esa ykus ds
fy, Kku ds varj ij /;ku nsuk egRoiw.kZ gS] ftlds fy, yf{kr f'k{kk vkSj fgrèkkjd lewgksa esa O;kid lwpuk
çlkj dh vko';drk gSA
• vuqekfur ykHk vkSj pqukSfr;k¡ & fgrèkkjdksa us fuekZ.k esa 3Mhlhih dh ifjorZudkjh {kerk ds fy, mRlkg
O;ä fd;k] ykxr esa deh] le; n{krk lkexzh laj{k.k vkSj fLFkjrk ykHkksa dh mEehn dhA os fuekZ.k çfØ;k
ds Hkhrj Je vkSj ykxr pqukSfr;ksa dks lacksfèkr djus ds fy, 3Mhlhih dh {kerk ij tksj nsrs gSaA
• pqukSfr;k¡ & miHkksäkvksa us ikjaifjd rjhdksa dh rqyuk esa 3Mh daØhV fçafVax dh dfFkr mPp ykxr ds ckjs
esa fpark O;ä dh gSA Loh—fr dh pqukSfr;k¡ ekStwn gSa] [kkldj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa tgk¡ rduhd dh xq.koÙkk ds

48
 ckjs esa lansg cuk gqvk gSA ekudksa lfgr fofu;ked vkSj rduhdh eqíksa dks lacksfèkr djuk O;kid Loh—fr
ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSA fcYMjksa vkSj Bsdsnkjksa ds chp fpark,¡ lajpukRed v[kaMrk] 3Mh&eqfær Hkkxksa ds fuckZèk
,dhdj.k vkSj lajpukvksa ds LFkkf;Ro dks ysdj gSaA Lopkyu ds dkj.k cgq&eafty fuekZ.k vkSj laHkkfor
ukSdjh ds uqdlku ds fy, O;ogk;Zrk ds eqís mBrs gSaA cSad vkSj foÙkh; fgrèkkjd lkoZtfud Loh—fr ds ckjs
esa lansg trk jgs gSaA
• xq.koÙkk vkSj fVdkÅiu & tcfd miHkksäk bldks ysdj vk'kkoknh gSa] ysfdu dqN lansg Hkh O;ä dj
jgs gSa] tkx:drk fuekZ.k ds ekè;e ls lansgksa dks nwj djus dh vko';drk ij cy ns jgs gSaA 3Mh&eqfær
lajpukvksa dh xq.koÙkk vkSj LFkkf;Ro ij fcYMjksa ds –f"Vdks.k vyx&vyx gSa] dqN lqèkkj dh mEehn dj jgs
gSa tcfd vU; ikjaifjd rjhdksa dks ilan dj jgs gSaA
• fgrèkkjdksa dh Hkkxhnkjh vkSj dkS'ky dh t:jrsa & cSafdax vkSj foÙkh; laLFkku v|ru fo'ks"kKrk dh
ekax dks igpku jgs gSa] dkS'ky fodkl ds egRo ij çdk'k Mky jgs gSaA f'k{kkfon vkSj vuqlaèkku leqnk;
lqO;ofLFkr dk;ksZa dh mEehn dj jgs gSa vkSj midj.k vkSj l‚¶Vos;j dh fn'kk esa fo'ks"kKrk esa cnyko dks
Lohdkj dj jgs gSaA
• cktkj }kjk viukuk] Lohdk;Zrk vkSj ckèkk,a & fgrèkkjdksa ds ikl 3Mhlhih ds cktkj esa viuk, tkus
vkSj Lohdk;Zrk ij vyx&vyx fopkj gSaA mUgksaus fofu;ked ckèkkvksa] vkfFkZd fopkjksa vkSj rkfdZd pqukSfr;ksa
ds ckjs esa fpark O;ä dhA fpfUgr ckèkkvksa esa ljdkjh lgk;rk] fofu;ked fpark,¡] dq'ky is'ksojksa dh deh
vkSj mPp çkjafHkd ykxr 'kkfey gSaA bu ckèkkvksa dks nwj djus ds fy, dkS'ky fodkl] tkx:drk vfHk;ku
vkSj ljdkjh lgk;rk ls tqM+s cgqvk;keh –f"Vdks.k dh vko';drk gSA
• i;kZoj.kh; çHkko vkSj LFkkf;Ro & miHkksäk 3Mh daØhV fçafVax ls tqM+h laHkkfor ykxr esa deh vkSj n{krk
ykHk dks lkoèkkuhiwoZd viuk jgs gSa] rFkk de lkexzh vif'k"V vkSj c<+h gqbZ n{krk tSls ldkjkRed igyqvksa
ij çdk'k Mky jgs gSaA
• vuq'kalk,a
o vkokl {ks= esa eq[;èkkjk ds fuekZ.k esa 3Mhlhih dks ,dh—r djus ds fy,] tkx:drk dk;ZØeksa ds ekè;e
ls fgrèkkjdksa ds chp Kku dh deh dks nwj djuk vko';d gSA
o 3Mhlhih esa vuqlaèkku vkSj fodkl dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, mR—"Vrk dsaæ ¼lhvksbZ½ LFkkfir djsaA
o 3Mh daØhV fçafVax rduhd ds fy, xq.koÙkk vk'oklu ekud vkSj çek.ku LFkkfir djsaA
o çn'kZu mís';ksa ds fy, fMt+kbu fd, x, e‚My çkstsDV ds fuekZ.k ds fy, fuf/k vkoafVr djsaA
o okLrqdkjksa] fcYMjksa vkSj Bsdsnkjksa dks lfClMh] foÙkh; çksRlkgu vkSj rjthgh _.k 'krZsa çnku djsa] i;kZoj.k
vuqdwy vkSj uosUes"kh çFkkvksa dks viuk,a vkSj 3 Mh daØhV fçafVax rduhd dks viukus ds fy, çksRlkfgr
djsaA
o 3 Mh&eqfær vkokl bdkb;ksa dks fofHkUu izdkj ds miHkksäkvksa ds fy, vfèkd lqyHk vkSj lLrh cukus
ds fy, igy dks ykxw djsaA
o 'kS{kf.kd laLFkku 3 Mhlhih esa ikBîØe fMtkbu djsa vkSj 3 Mhlhih ds mHkjrs lanHkksZa esa Nk=ksa dks
çf'kf{kr djsasA
uksV% fu"d"kZ vkSj vuq'kalk,a 'kksèkdrkZvksa ds fopkj gSa] cSad ds ughaA

******************

49
 v/;k; 3
vkokl foÙk {ks= esa çkFkfed
_.knkrk laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ dk
ifjpkyu vkSj dk;Z fu"iknu
 ifjp;kRed lkjka'k
v/;k; 3
vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa us Hkkjr esa fofo/k vk; oxksaZ esa vkokl _.k rd igqap dks lqxe cukus esa
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA
ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds çfr'kr ds :i esa vkokl _.k 2001&02 esa 3-20 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2011&12
esa 6-60 çfr'kr vkSj foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa 11-29 çfr'kr gks x;kA vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds
dqy cdk;k _.kksa esa cdk;k vkokl _.kksa dh fgLlsnkjh ekpZ 2010 esa 9-41 çfr'kr ls c<+dj ekpZ
2024 esa 16-57 çfr'kr gks xbZA
ns'k ds mÙkjh vkSj nf{k.kh Hkkxksa esa vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa dh mifLFkfr çHkko'kkyh gSA ;Fkk 30
flracj] 2024 rd cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k 14-08 çfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f) ds lkFk `33]53]668
djksM+ FkkA blesa vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa dh fgLlsnkjh 18-7 çfr'kr] lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa dh
fgLlsnkjh 43-8 çfr'kr rFkk futh cSadksa dh fgLlsnkjh 37-5 çfr'kr gSA ,dy vk/kkj ij] vkokl
foÙk dEifu;ksa] lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa ,oa futh {ks= ds cSadksa dh oS;fDrd vkokl _.k [kkrkcgh
esa flracj 2023 dh rqyuk esa Øe'k% 13-9 çfr'kr] 17-4 çfr'kr vkSj 10-5 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA
foÙk o"kZ 25 dh igyh Nekgh ¼6 ekg½ ds nkSjku lap;h oS;fDrd vkokl _.k ¼vkbZ,p,y½ laforj.k
`4]10]416 djksM+ jgk vkSj blesa 2-96 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA blesa vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa dh
fgLlsnkjh 21-7 çfr'kr] lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa dh fgLlsnkjh 42-5 çfr'kr rFkk futh {ks= ds cSadksa
dh fgLlsnkjh 35-8 çfr'kr FkhA vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa vkSj lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa }kjk foÙk o"kZ
25 dh izFke Nekgh ds fy, lap;h laforj.k esa foÙk o"kZ 24 dh izFke Nekgh dh rqyuk esa Øe'k%
8-6 çfr'kr vkSj 15-3 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tcfd futh {ks= ds cSadksa ds fy, foÙk o"kZ 25 dh izFke
Nekgh ds fy, lap;h laforj.k fiNys o"kZ dh izFke Nekgh dh rqyuk esa 11-1 çfr'kr de jgkA
31 ekpZ] 2024 rd vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa dk dqy _.k iksVZQksfy;ks 14-36 çfr'kr c<+dj ₹9]57]664
djksM+ gks x;k] ftlesa ls vkokl _.k esa 11-88 çfr'kr vkSj xSj&vkokl _.k esa 21-00 çfr'kr dh
o`f) gqbZA vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa dhs dqy fuoy LokfeRo fuf/k 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks ₹1]36]502 djksM+
ls 16-37 çfr'kr c<+dj 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks ₹1]58]841 djksM+ gks xbZA 31 ekpZ] 2024 rd vkokl
foÙk dEifu;ksa ¼lkoZtfud tek lfgr½ dh cdk;k m/kkjh 12-88 çfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f) ds lkFk
₹8]18]916 djksM+ FkhA 31 ekpZ] 2024 rd cdk;k lkoZtfud tekjkf'k ₹24]764 djksM+ jgh] ftlesa
fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 3-30 çfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f) ntZ gqbZA 31 ekpZ 2024 rd dqy _.k vkSj
vfxzeksa ij ldy xSj fu"ikfnr vkfLr;ka 2-32 çfr'kr jgh] tcfd dqy _.k vkSj vfxzeksa ij fuoy
xSj fu"ikfnr vkfLr;ka 1-18 çfr'kr jghA

52
3-1 vkokl {ks= vkokl foÙk dEifu;k¡ xzkeh.k vkSj vèkZ&'kgjh Hkkjr esa
cSafdax lsokvksa ls oafpr vkSj vi;kZIr cSafdax lsokvksa
vkokl {ks= dks vkfFkZd fodkl dk batu ekuk tkrk gS okys yksxksa dh lsok djrh gSa rFkk vukSipkfjd {ks= vkSj
tks vius etcwr ^cSdoMZ* vkSj ^Q‚joMZ* lacaèkksa ds ekè;e fcuk _.k bfrgkl okys yksxksa dks _.k lqyHk djkrh gSa]
ls vFkZO;oLFkk dks çxfr ds ekxZ ij vxzlj dj ldrk ftlls ljdkj vkSj fofu;kedksa dks foÙkh; lekos'ku ds
gSA vkokl dh vkiwfrZ vkSj xq.koÙkk esa o`f) ls çkFkfed fe'ku dks lkdkj djus esa lgk;rk feyrh gSA
{ks= ¼dPpk eky½] fofuekZ.k {ks= ¼fuekZ.k lkexzh½ vkSj
lsok {ks= ¼okLrqdkj vkSj bathfu;j] dq'ky Jfed] cSafdax vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj vkokl foÙk
vkSj foÙk½ dks c<+kok nsdj vFkZO;oLFkk ij xq.kkRed dEifu;ksa dk vkokl _.k iksVZQksfy;ks
çHkko iM+rk gSA ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ds çfr'kr ds :i esa vkokl _.k
ljdkjh uhfr;ksa vkSj futh fuos'k esa bl {ks= dks lokZsPp 2001&02 esa 3-20 çfr'kr ls c<+dj 2011&12 esa 6-60
egRo çkIr gqvk gSA ljdkjh igy vkSj uhfrxr leFkZu çfr'kr vkSj 2023&24 esa 11-29 çfr'kr gks x;kA
Hkkjr ds vkokl cktkj ds fodkl dks xfr nsus esa ¼xzkQ 3-1½
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA bu igyksa ls u dsoy ekax vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds dqy cdk;k _.k esa vkokl
vkSj vkiwfrZ dks c<+kok feyk gS] cfYd {ks= esa ikjnf'kZrk] _.k dh fgLlsnkjh ekpZ 2010 esa 9-41 çfr'kr ls c<+dj
foÜoluh;rk vkSj lkeF;Z esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSA ekpZ 2024 esa 16-57 çfr'kr gks xbZA ¼xzkQ 3-2½
vkokl foÙk dEifu;ksa us Hkkjr esa fofoèk vk; ekpZ 2021 ls vk-fo-da- ds cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k
oxksZa esa vkokl _.k rd igqap dks lqxe cukus esa dk =Sekfld ifjorZu xzkQ 3-3 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA vkokl foÙk dEifu;k¡ mRiknksa vkbZ,p,y dk cdk;k ekpZ 2021 esa ₹4-09 yk[k djksM+
ds lkFk&lkFk xzkgd vkSj HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa ds lacaèk esa ls c<+dj ekpZ 2024 esa ₹5-96 yk[k djksM+ ,oa flracj
foÙkh; lsokvksa dh miyCèkrk esa varjky dks de djus 2024 esa ₹6-26 yk[k djksM+ gks x;k gSA
esa lgk;rk djrh gSaA tehuh Lrj ij etcwr lacaèk mUgsa
foÙkh; <kaps esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dM+h cukrk gSA

53
 xzkQ 3-1% vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj vkokl foÙk
dEifu;ksa ds cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k

cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k & ,llhch ,oa vk-fo-da- ¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
thMhih vuqikr ds lkis{k ,llhch vkSj vk- fo- da- dk cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k ¼%½

L=ksr% jk-vk-cSad ,oa Hkk-fj-cSad

xzkQ 3-2% dqy cdk;k _.k ¼,llhch½ esa cdk;k

vkokl _.k dk çfr'kr fgLlk

vkokl _.k cdk;k dqy _.k cdk;k

L=ksr% ldy cSad _.k dk {ks=h; ifjfu;kstu] Hkk- fj- cSd

54
 xzkQ 3-3 % vkokl foRr daifu;ksa ds cdk;k OkS;fDrd vkokl _.k
¼jkf'k # yk[k djksM+½

ekpZ^21 flra^21 fnla-^21 ekpZ^22 twu^22 flra^22 fnla-^22 ekpZ^23 twu^23 flra^23 fnla-^23 ekpZ^24 twu^24 flra^24

L=ksr% jk-vk-cSad
*,pMh,Qlh fyfeVsM dks ,pMh,Qlh cSad fyfeVsM ds lkFk foy; ds dkj.k ckgj j[kk x;k gSA

3-2 çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa ¼ih,yvkbZ½ foÙk daifu;ksa ls vkokl {ks= esa _.k çokg ij ekfld
}kjk vkokl {ks= dks _.k çokg ,evkbZ,l ds laxzg gsrq ,d lkekU; VsEiysV fodflr
fd;k gSA jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ds ,p,Qvkj iksVZy ij
gkmflax Qkbusal fji‚ftVjh oS;fDrd vkokl _.k ls lacafèkr 95 çfr'kr ls vfèkd
fofHkUu vk; oxksaZ vkSj fofHkUu HkkSxksfyd {ks=ksa tSls vkadM+s miyCèk gSaA
fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa xzkeh.k@'kgjh ds fy, vkokl _.k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k ds laforj.k vkSj cdk;k ds
ds lexz çokg ds vkdyu dh vko';drk dks /;ku esa vkadM+ksa dk mi;ksx djrs gq, vkokl {ks= esa _.k çokg
j[krs gq,] jk-vk-cSad us lHkh vuqlwfpr cSadksa vkSj vkokl dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a uhps çLrqr dh xbZ gSaA

rkfydk 3-1% çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa }kjk cdk;k ,oa laforfjr oS;fäd vkokl _.k
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
Lkap;h vkbZ,p,y laforj.k*
cdk;k* ;Fkk
6 ekg
çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkk,a
foÙk o"kZ 24 dh foÙk o"kZ 25 dh
flrEcj&23 flrEcj&24
çFke Nekgh çFke Nekgh
vkokl foÙk daifu;ka ¼vk-fo-da-½ 5,49,293 6,25,813 81,993 89,075
ftlesa ls
bZMCY;w,l 59,207 67,144 8,109 10,603
,yvkbZth 1,67,667 1,78,251 20,648 18,781
,evkbZth 2,38,580 2,71,893 37,677 36,430
,pvkbZth 83,838 1,08,524 15,559 23,260
lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad 12,52,239 14,70,341 1,51,145 1,74,250
futh {ks= ds cSad 11,38,341 12,57,514 1,65,482 1,47,092
dqy 29,39,872 33,53,668 3,98,620 4,10,416
*rqyuk esa ,d:irk ds fy,] ,pMh,Qlh fyfeVsM dks iwoZO;kih :i ls ihohch ekuk x;k gSA

55
• ;Fkk 30 flracj 2024 dks cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl • o"kZ&nj&o"kZ vk/kkj ij] foÙk o"kZ 25 dh çFke Nekgh
_.k ¼vkbZ,p,y½ ₹33]53]668 djksM+ gSA blesa ds nkSjku laforj.k esa foÙk o"kZ 24 dh çFke Nekgh
vk-fo-da- dh 18-7%] ih,lch dh 43-8% vkSj ihohch ¼foÙk o"kZ 24 dh çFke Nekgh ds nkSjku ₹3]98]620
dh 37-5% fgLlsnkjh 'kkfey gSA djksM+½ dh rqyuk esa ₹4]10]416 djksM+ ds laforj.k
• cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k esa frekgh&nj&frekgh ds lkFk 2-96% dh o`f) gqbZ gSA
o`f) 2-99 izfr'kr gS ¼30 twu 2024 dks ₹32]56]225 • vk-fo-da- ,oa ih,lch }kjk foÙk o"kZ 25 dh çFke
djksM+ ls 30 flracj 2024 rd ₹33]53]668 djksM+½A Nekgh ds fy, lap;h laforj.k foÙk o"kZ 24 dh
• o"kZ&nj&o"kZ vk/kkj ij 30 flracj 2024 rd çFke Nekgh dh rqyuk esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ Øe'k% 8-6
vkbZ,p,y dk cdk;k 30 flracj 2023 ¼₹29]39]872 çfr'kr vkSj 15-3 çfr'kr c<+k] tcfd ihohch ds
djksM+½ dh rqyuk esa 14-08 çfr'kr dh o`f) n'kkZrk fy, foÙk o"kZ 25 dh çFke Nekgh ds fy, lap;h
gSA laforj.k fiNys o"kZ dh çFke Nekgh dh rqyuk esa
• LVSaMvyksu vk/kkj ij] vk-fo-da-] ih,lch vkSj 11-1 çfr'kr de jgkA
ihohch ds vkbZ,p,y [kkrs esa okf"kZd vkèkkj ij • foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh izFke Nekgh ds nkSjku laforj.k
flracj 2023 dh rqyuk esa Øe'k% 13-9 çfr'kr] foÙk o"kZ 2024 dh izFke Nekgh ds nkSjku laforj.k
17-4 çfr'kr ,oa 10-5 çfr'kr dh o`f) ntZ dh dk 103 çfr'kr gS ¼foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh igyh Nekgh
xbZA ds fy, ₹4]10]416 djksM+] tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2024 dh
• foÙk o"kZ 25 dh çFke Nekgh ¼6 ekg½ ds nkSjku igyh Nekgh ds fy, ₹3]98]620 djksM+½A
lap;h oS;fäd vkokl _.k ¼vkbZ,p,y½ dk • foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 dh çFke frekgh ds nkSjku
laforj.k ₹4]10]416 djksM+ gSA blesa vk-fo-da- dh vk-fo-da- }kjk fd, x, laforj.k esa
21-7%] ih,lch dh 42-5% vkSj ihohch dh 35-8% bZMCY;w,l&,yvkbZth [kaM dk fgLlk 32-99
fgLlsnkjh 'kkfey gSA izfr'kr ¼bZMCY;w,l% 11-90 izfr'kr ,oa ,yvkbZth%
21-08 izfr'kr½ gSA

rkfydk 3-2% çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa }kjk oS;fDrd vkokl _.k esa xzkeh.k fgLlsnkjh
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
Lkap;h* vkbZ,p,y laforj.k
cdk;k* ;Fkk
çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkk,a ¼6 ekg½
flrEcj&23 flrEcj&24 flrEcj&23 flrEcj&24
vkokl foÙk daifu;ka ¼vk-fo-da-½ 39,390 47,032 5,800 6,949
lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSad ¼ih,lch½ 99,836 1,12,402 11,679 12,074
futh {ks= ds cSad ¼ihohch½ 83,095 96,290 13,593 12,535
dqy 2,22,322 2,55,724 31,073 31,557
*rqyuk esa ,d:irk ds fy,] ,pMh,Qlh fyfeVsM dks iwoZO;kih :i ls ihohch ekuk x;k gSA

• ;Fkk 30 flracj 2024 dks cdk;k xzkeh.k vkokl • o"kZ&nj&o"kZ vkèkkj ij] xzkeh.k vkbZ,p,y cdk;k
_.k ₹2]55]724 djksM+ ¼dqy cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl ₹2]55]724 djksM+ ij igqap x;k] tks 30 flracj]
_.k dk 7-63 izfr'kr½ gSA 2023 ds ₹2]22]322 djksM+ ds Lrj ls 15-0 çfr'kr
• ;Fkk 30 flracj 2024 dks vk-fo-da-] ih,lch ,oa dh o`f) gqbZ gSA
ihohch ds laca/k esa dqy cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl • Øfed ¼frekgh&nj&frekgh½ vk/kkj ij] 30 flracj
_.k esa xzkeh.k vkokl _.k dk fgLlk Øe'k% 2024 dks cdk;k xzkeh.k oS;fäd vkokl _.k ;Fkk
7-52%] 7-64% vkSj 7-66% gSA 30 twu 2024 ds Lrj ls 2-5 izfr'kr ls c<+dj
₹2]49]562 djksM+ gks x;kA

56
• 30 flracj 2024 rd xzkeh.k oS;fäd vkokl _.k çFke Nekgh ds nkSjku ¼foÙk o"kZ 2024 dh çFke
laforj.k ₹31]557 djksM+ Fkk ¼foÙk o"kZ 25 dh çFke Nekgh ds nkSjku dqy vkbZ,p,y laforj.k dk 7-80
Nekgh ds fy, lap;h½A blesa vk-fo-da- dh 22-0 çfr'kr½ 7-69 izfr'kr jgkA
izfr'kr] ih,lch dh 38-3 izfr'kr vkSj ihohch dh • foÙk o"kZ 25 dh çFke Nekgh ds nkSjku
39-7 izfr'kr dh fgLlsnkjh 'kkfey gSA vk-fo-da-] ih,lch vkSj ihohch ds laca/k esa ;g
• xzkeh.k vkokl _.kksa dk foÙk o"kZ 24 dh çFke fgLlk muds dqy oS;fäd vkokl _.k laforj.k
Nekgh ds nkSjku laforj.k foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds dk 7-8 çfr'kr] 6-9 çfr'kr vkSj 8-5 çfr'kr gSA
laforj.k dk 46 izfr'kr gS ¼foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds • foÙk o"kZ 25 dh çFke Nekgh ds nkSjku xzkeh.k
nkSjku ₹68]874 djksM+½ oS;fäd vkokl _.k laforj.k us 1-6 çfr'kr ¼foÙk
• dqy oS;fäd vkokl _.k laforj.k esa xzkeh.k o"kZ 24 dh çFke Nekgh ds nkSjku ₹31]073 djksM+½
vkokl _.k laforj.k dk fgLlk foÙk o"kZ 25 dh dh o"kZ&nj&o"kZ o`f) ntZ dhA

rkfydk 3-3% çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa }kjk {ks=okj cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k ,oa laforj.k
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
{ks= cdk;k ;Fkk 30 flracj 2024 lap;h laforj.k foÙk o"kZ 25
rd dh çFke Nekgh
mÙkj 8,57,088 1,17,927
if'pe 10,30,543 1,23,697
nf{k.k 11,84,110 1,43,738
iwoZ 2,31,541 25,054
ftlesa ls
mÙkj&iwoZ 31,341 2,786
dqy 33,53,668 4,10,416
*`50]386 djksM+ iwy ck;vkmV jkf'k fdlh Hkh jkT; dks vkoafVr ugha dh xbZ gS

• 14 jkT; ¼vFkkZr~ egkjk"Vª] dukZVd] rfeyukMq] rsyaxkuk] xqtjkr] mÙkj çns'k] vka/kz çns'k] jktLFkku] dsjy]
gfj;k.kk] fnYyh] if'pe caxky] e/; çns'k vkSj iatkc½ cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k ds lanHkZ esa oS;fäd vkokl
foÙk cktkj esa yxHkx 91 izfr'kr ;ksxnku nsrs gSaA
• vkadM+ksa ds {ks=h; fo'ys"k.k ls irk pyrk gS fd iwohZ vkSj mÙkj&iwohZ jkT; dqy oS;fäd vkokl _.k cgh dk
dsoy 6-90 izfr'kr fgLlk gSaA

c‚Dl 3-1% vkokl foÙk esa {ks=h; vlekurk

Hkkjr ds lHkh jkT;ksa esa vkokl gsrq _.k çokg esa {ks=h; fHkUurk ns[kh xbZ gSA foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 dh çFke Nekgh
ds nkSjku lap;h laforj.k esa ns'k ds nf{k.kh] if'peh vkSj mÙkjh jkT;ksa dh fgLlsnkjh Øe'k% 35-02 izfr'kr] 30-14
izfr'kr vkSj 28-73 izfr'kr gS] tcfd iwoÊ jkT;ksa ¼iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa lfgr½ dh fgLlsnkjh dsoy 6-10 izfr'kr gSA foÙk
o"kZ 2024&25 dh çFke Nekgh ds nkSjku iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa dk dqy vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa 0-68 izfr'kr fgLlsnkjh gSA

57
 foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 dh izFke Nekgh ds fy, {ks=okj vkbZ,p,y laforj.k
¼foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 dh izFke Nekgh ds fy, lap;h½
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½

mÙkj if'pe nf{k.k iwoZ iwoksZÙkj

blh izdkj] vkbZ,p,y cdk;k esa nf{k.kh] if'peh vkSj mÙkjh jkT;ksa dh fgLlsnkjh Øe'k% 35-31 izfr'kr] 30-73
izfr'kr vkSj 25-56 izfr'kr gSA dqy oS;fDrd vkokl foÙk {ks= esa 6-90 izfr'kr vkSj 0-93 izfr'kr ds lkFk iwoÊ
jkT; vkSj mÙkj&iwoÊ jkT; rqyukRed :i ls de fuos'k okys gSaA ljdkj vkSj fofu;ked oafpr {ks=ksa esa igqap c<+kus
ds fy, yxkrkj ç;kl dj jgs gSaA cSadksa ds pyfuf/k vkèkkj vkSj vk-fo-da- dh igqap dk ykHk mBkus ds mís'; ls
lg&_.k e‚My dks izLrqr fd;k x;k gS rkfd lekt ds fupys rcds rd vkSipkfjd vkokl _.k igqapk;k tk
lds vkSj vkokl ds fy, _.k çokg c<+k;k tk ldsA fV;j&II vkSj fV;j&III 'kgjksa esa cnyrs vkfFkZd ekgkSy us
bu 'kgjksa esa vkokl dh ekax iSnk dh gSA izkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkku mRikn fodflr djds vkSj lg&_.k e‚My
dk ykHk mBkdj ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy, dsafær –f"Vdks.k viuk jgs gSaA

;Fkk 30-09-2024 rd {ks=okj vkbZ,p,y cdk;k

¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½

mÙkj if'pe nf{k.k iwoZ iwoksZÙkj

58
 3-3 flracj 2024 rd ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn ds lkis{k vkbZ,p,y cdk;k dk vuqikr

ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn ds lkis{k vkbZ,p,y cdk;k

0.00

0.00

ekufp= iSekus ds vuqlkj ugha gS

L=ksr% jk-vk-cSad vkSj lkaf[;dh ,oa dk;kZUo;u ea=ky;

paMhx<+ la?k jkT; {ks= us ldy jkT; ?kjsyw mRikn esa vkbZ,p,y cdk;k dk mPpre vuqikr 25-91 çfr'kr ntZ fd;kA

59
th,lMhih ds lkis{k cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl _.k dk vkokl _.k dk vuqikr 1-5 çfr'kr ls 7-8 çfr'kr ds
jk"Vªh; vkSlr ;Fkk ekpZ] 2024 dks 10-93 çfr'kr ¼iwy e/; FkkA
c‚;vkmV dh cdk;k `50]836 djksM+ #i;s lfgr ;g
vuqikr 11-10 çfr'kr gS½ FkkA th,lMhih ds lkis{k 3-4 cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k
jkT;okj vkbZ,p,y dk laforj.k ;g n'kkZrk gS fd ¼vkbZ,p,y½ esa çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa
egkjk"Vª 18-49 çfr'kr ds fgLlnkjhs ds lkFk lcls mPp
Lrj ij gS ftlds i'pkr~ rsyaxkuk ¼18-44 çfr'kr½] rFkk
¼ih,yvkbZ½ dk jkT;&okj dk;Z&fu"iknu
dukZVd ¼14-28 çfr'kr½ vkrk gSA gkykafd] e/; ls iwohZ 31 ekpZ 2024 vkSj 30 flracj 2024 rd lkoZtfud {ks=
jkT;] iwokZsÙkj jkT; ,oa tEew ,oa d'ehj ,oa fgekpy ds cSadksa] futh {ks= ds cSadksa vkSj vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa
izns'k jkT;ksa esa th,lMhih ds lkis{k cdk;k oS;fDrd ¼vk-fo-da-½ ds jkT;okj cdk;k oS;fäd vkokl _.k uhps
nh xbZ rkfydk esa çLrqr fd, x, gSaA

rkfydk 3-4% jkT;okj & oS;fäd vkokl _.k & cdk;k

¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
Øa- jkT;@dsUæ vkbZ,p,y cdk;k ;Fkk 31 ekpZ 2024 vkbZ,p,y cdk;k ;Fkk 30 flracj 2024
la- 'kkflr çns'k ds vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy
uke
1 mÙkj çns'k 57,193 81,650 70,933 2,09,775 58,819 86,991 72,502 2,18,312
2 e/; çns'k 29,051 40,753 26,660 96,464 31,235 42,495 27,595 1,01,324
3 jktLFkku 32,283 57,850 36,718 1,26,852 34,522 60,425 37,658 1,32,605
4 gfj;k.kk 15,303 41,025 66,354 1,22,682 15,739 44,231 65,904 1,25,874
5 fnYyh 25,377 61,818 41,518 1,28,712 26,849 48,489 44,153 1,19,491
6 iatkc 7,296 26,662 23,230 57,188 7,690 27,949 24,162 59,800
7 NÙkhlx< 5,322 17,046 7,569 29,937 5,553 17,764 7,652 30,968
8 mÙkjk[kaM 8,480 12,157 8,732 29,368 8,936 12,769 8,865 30,570
9 fgekpy çns'k 157 9,513 402 10,072 162 10,071 428 10,662
10 paMhx<+ 2,267 7,561 3,224 13,052 2,323 8,048 3,326 13,696
11 tEew vkSj d'ehj 40 2,351 10,111 12,502 51 2,519 10,699 13,270
12 yík[k - 61 399 460 - 73 442 515

mÙkj dqy 1,82,768 3,58,445 2,95,850 8,37,063 1,91,878 3,61,824 3,03,387 8,57,088

13 if'pe caxky 13,193 64,859 28,822 1,06,874 13,341 68,471 29,776 1,11,587
14 fcgkj 5,520 24,702 5,038 35,260 5,737 26,236 5,229 37,202
15 >kj[kaM 3,905 11,547 1,924 17,376 3,998 12,099 1,967 18,064
16 vksfM'kk 5,421 20,805 5,611 31,837 5,795 21,768 5,783 33,345
17 vle 2,093 13,679 3,650 19,422 2,136 14,151 3,765 20,052
18 f=iqjk 209 1,931 225 2,366 226 2,018 231 2,474
19 fetksje - 1,296 13 1,309 - 1,400 14 1,414
20 ef.kiqj 33 1,758 138 1,929 17 1,871 146 2,034

60
 Øa- jkT;@dsUæ vkbZ,p,y cdk;k ;Fkk 31 ekpZ 2024 vkbZ,p,y cdk;k ;Fkk 30 flracj 2024
la- 'kkflr çns'k ds vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy
uke
21 es?kky; - 1,024 7 1,031 - 1,085 7 1,091
22 flfDde 1,120 1,588 7 2,715 1,113 1,685 7 2,805
23 v#.kkpy çns'k 3 840 0 843 3 893 0 896
24 ukxkySaM 2 524 10 535 0 562 12 575

iwoZ dqy 31,499 1,44,552 45,446 2,21,496 32,365 1,52,239 46,937 2,31,541

25 xqtjkr 30,180 75,525 1,51,817 2,57,522 31,891 80,523 1,57,729 2,70,142

26 egkjk"Vª 1,08,405 2,80,947 3,36,441 7,25,793 1,12,044 2,85,636 3,49,933 7,47,613

nknjk vkSj uxj

27 gosyh vkSj neu 35 960 922 1,917 40 1,004 939 1,984
vkSj nho
28 xksok 620 7,135 2,585 10,340 613 7,396 2,769 10,779
29 y{k}hi - 26 - 26 - 26 - 26

if'pe dqy 1,39,240 3,64,593 4,91,764 9,95,597 1,44,588 3,74,585 5,11,371 10,30,543

30 rfeyukMq 63,681 1,10,789 90,692 2,65,162 65,934 1,15,471 92,446 2,73,851

31 dukZVd 67,726 1,44,853 1,25,483 3,38,062 72,461 1,52,847 1,31,888 3,57,196
32 rsyaxkuk 70,880 91,406 95,663 2,57,949 76,068 97,458 1,03,450 2,76,976
33 vkaèkz çns'k 29,008 86,855 24,102 1,39,965 30,807 90,195 25,104 1,46,106
34 dsjy 10,777 70,549 40,395 1,21,720 11,040 72,963 41,010 1,25,013
35 iqnqpsjh 669 2,177 1,321 4,167 671 2,246 1,292 4,210
36 vaMeku vkSj - 750 6 756 - 752 6 758
fudksckj }hi lewg
nf{k.k dqy 2,42,741 5,07,380 3,77,660 11,27,781 2,56,982 5,31,931 3,95,196 11,84,110

37 vkokl _.k fdlh 5,647 151 5,798 49,763 624 50,386

Hkh jkT; dks
vkoafVr ugha fd;k
x;k*
vf[ky Hkkjr dqy 5,96,248 13,80,617 12,10,871 31,87,736 6,25,813 14,70,341 12,57,514 33,53,668

*iwy ck;vkmV vkadM+s ftUgsa fdlh fof'k"V jkT; dks vkcafVr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
**rqyuk esa ,d:irk ds fy,] ,pMh,Qlh fyfeVsM dks iwoZO;kih :i ls ihohch ekuk x;k gSA

3-5 oS;fäd vkokl _.k ¼vkbZ,p,y½ ds laforj.k esa çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkkuksa
¼ih,yvkbZ½ dk jkT;&okj dk;Z&fu"iknu
foÙk o"kZ 2024 vkSj foÙk o"kZ 2025 dh Nekgh ds nkSjku lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa] futh {ks= ds cSadksa ,oa vkokl foÙk
daifu;ksa ¼vk-fo-da-½ ds oS;fäd vkokl _.k dk jkT;okj lap;h laforj.k uhps rkfydk esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

61
 rkfydk 3-5% vf[ky Hkkjrh; & oS;fäd vkokl _.k & lap;h laforj.k
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
jkT;@dsUæ 'kkflr vkbZ,p,y laforj.k foRr o"kZ 24 vkbZ,p,y laforj.k foRr o"kZ 25 izFke Nekgh
Øa-la-
çns'k ds uke vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy
1 mÙkj çns'k 16,157 22,225 19,762 58,143 7,908 11,262 8,455 27,625
2 e/; çns'k 10,534 9,146 7,414 27,093 5,085 4,539 3,184 12,808
3 jktLFkku 11,790 14,053 9,621 35,464 5,907 6,747 4,266 16,920
4 gfj;k.kk 5,502 13,481 23,461 42,445 3,041 7,531 11,030 21,603
5 fnYyh 10,493 30,758 15,673 56,924 5,205 7,426 7,087 19,718
6 iatkc 2,816 6,388 5,858 15,062 1,408 3,167 2,664 7,240
7 NÙkhlx< 1,699 4,226 1,864 7,788 823 1,938 773 3,534
8 mÙkjk[kaM 2,582 2,846 2,134 7,562 1,264 1,467 888 3,620
9 fgekpy çns'k 44 2,357 84 2,484 20 1,155 58 1,233
10 paMhx<+ 710 2,221 1,086 4,017 371 1,249 473 2,094
11 tEew vkSj d'ehj 14 556 2,547 3,117 9 298 1,151 1,458
12 yík[k - 15 104 119 - 14 61 75

mÙkj dqy 62,341 1,08,272 89,606 2,60,219 31,043 46,794 40,090 1,17,927

13 if'pe caxky 2,854 15,362 8,345 26,560 1,288 8,033 3,487 12,808
14 fcgkj 1,143 5,708 1,336 8,186 523 2,728 561 3,812
15 >kj[kaM 781 2,814 459 4,054 336 1,350 195 1,882
16 vksfM'kk 1,589 5,334 1,662 8,585 798 2,332 637 3,767
17 vle 410 2,797 855 4,061 170 1,191 333 1,694
18 f=iqjk 59 443 70 572 30 201 24 256
19 fetksje - 312 6 318 - 175 2 178
20 ef.kiqj 3 294 27 324 1 157 14 172
21 es?kky; - 204 0 205 - 112 0 112
22 flfDde 142 355 1 498 60 169 1 230
23 v#.kkpy çns'k 1 186 0 187 0 82 0 83
24 uxkySaM 0 126 5 131 - 59 3 62
iwoZ dqy 6,981 33,933 12,766 53,681 3,206 16,590 5,258 25,054

25 xqtjkr 10,566 19,383 39,664 69,613 4,897 10,368 17,324 32,589

26 egkjk"Vª 30,729 96,412 89,295 2,16,435 14,273 38,337 37,130 89,740
nknjk vkSj uxj gosyh
27 14 224 206 444 7 104 87 199
vkSj neu vkSj nho
28 xksok 102 1,629 798 2,529 43 735 390 1,168
29 y{k}hi - 4 - 4 - 2 - 2
if'pe dqy 41,411 1,17,652 1,29,962 2,89,025 19,220 49,547 54,931 1,23,697

30 rfeyukMq 16,549 26,613 22,498 65,660 8,203 13,069 10,254 31,526

31 dukZVd 23,254 39,723 39,985 1,02,961 11,627 20,374 17,126 49,127
32 rsyaxkuk 21,639 23,584 29,390 74,613 10,475 12,077 12,952 35,504
33 vkaèkz çns'k 8,703 20,238 6,109 35,050 4,163 9,068 2,600 15,831

62
 jkT;@dsUæ 'kkflr vkbZ,p,y laforj.k foRr o"kZ 24 vkbZ,p,y laforj.k foRr o"kZ 25 izFke Nekgh
Øa-la-
çns'k ds uke vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy vk-fo-da- ih,lch ihohch dqy
34 dsjy 2,191 13,888 9,065 25,144 1,059 6,461 3,780 11,300
35 iqnqpsjh 170 477 254 901 78 224 101 402
vaMeku vkSj fudksckj
36 - 113 1 113 - 47 1 48
}hi lewg
nf{k.k dqy 72,507 1,24,635 1,07,301 3,04,443 35,605 61,319 46,813 1,43,738

vf[ky Hkkjr dqy 1,83,239 3,84,493 3,39,635 9,07,368 89,075 1,74,250 1,47,092 4,10,416

*rqyuk esa ,d:irk ds fy,] ,pMh,Qlh fyfeVsM dks iwoZO;kih :i ls ihohch ekuk x;k gSA

3-6 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk dk;Z&fu"iknu fofu;ked ls iwoZ fyf[kr vuqefr dh vko';drk gksrh
gSA 'ks"k 81 vk-fo-da- dks turk ls tek Lohdkj djus dh
vkokl foÙk daifu;ka ¼vk-fo-da-½ jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad vuqefr ugha FkhA 93 vk-fo-da- esa ls 72 ifCyd fyfeVsM
vf/kfu;e] 1987 ds rgr iath—r fo'ks"k laLFkku gSaA daifu;ka Fkha vkSj 21 çkbosV fyfeVsM daifu;ka FkhaA
iath—r vkokl foÙk daifu;ka ds fy, foÙk o"kZ 01
vçSy ls 31 ekpZ rd gSA fiNys o"kksaZ dh rqyuk esa 31 3-6-2 vk-fo-da- dh 'kk[kk,a@dk;kZy; usVodZ
ekpZ 2024 rd lHkh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk foÙkh; vk-fo-da- dh 'kk[kkvksa@dk;kZy;ksa dh la[;k 31 ekpZ]
dk;Z&fu"iknu vuqca/k II esa fn;k x;k gSA 2022 dks 7]302 ls c<+dj 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks 8]833 vkSj
31 ekpZ] 2024 dks 9]491 gks xbZA
3-6-1 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk ifCyd fyfeVsM
vk-fo-da- dh ns'k ds mÙkjh vkSj nf{k.kh fgLlksa esa çeq[k
vkSj çkbosV fyfeVsM ds rgr oxhZdj.k
mifLFkfr gSA 31 ekpZ] 2024 rd] mÙkjh jkT;ksa esa 38
30 twu] 2024 rd] iath—r vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa çfr'kr vk-fo-da- 'kk[kk,¡ Fkha] blds ckn nf{k.kh jkT;ksa
¼vk-fo-da-½ dh dqy la[;k 93 Fkh] ftuesa ls 9 vk-fo-da- esa 35 çfr'kr 'kk[kk,¡ FkhaA Hkkjr ds iwoÊ jkT;ksa esa vk-
dks lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr gS] vkSj fo-da- dh fgLlsnkjh 3-5 çfr'kr gSA iwokZsÙkj Hkkjr esa
3 vk-fo-da- dks lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus ls igys vk-fo-da- dh dsoy 59 'kk[kk,¡ gSaA blh rjg] dsaæ 'kkflr

xzkQ 3-4% vk-fo-da- dh 'kk[kkvksa dh la[;k vkSj vk-fo-da- dh Js.kh

'kk[kkvksa dh la[;k
daifu;ksa dh la[;k

fo-o- 2021&22 fo-o- 2022&23 fo-o- 2023&24

ifCyd fyfeVsM daifu;ka çkbosV fyfeVsM daifu;ka
'kk[kkvksa dh la[;k
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

63
çns'kksa esa 248 'kk[kk,¡ gSa] ftuesa ls 203 ek= fnYyh esa vkSj d'ehj] f=iqjk] nknjk vkSj uxj gosyh rFkk neu
fLFkr gSaA vkSj nhoA
31 ekpZ] 2024 rd] vk-fo-da- dh v#.kkpy çns'k] yík[k] ;s vç;qä cktkj vk-fo-da- ds fy, cgqr cM+k volj
y{k}hi] es?kky;] fetksje] ukxkySaM vkSj vaMeku vkSj çLrqr djrs gSa vkSj lg&_.k O;oLFkk esa 'kkfey gksdj
fudksckj }hi lewg esa dksbZ 'kk[kk ugha FkhA ikap ls de oSdfYid e‚My viukus ls Hkkjr ds tfVy cktkjksa esa
'kk[kkvksa okys jkT; vkSj dsaæ 'kkflr çns'k gSa & tEew ços'k djus vkSj foLrkj djus esa enn feysxhA

xzkQ 3-5% vk-fo-da- dh 'kk[kkvksa@dk;kZy;ksa dk jkT;@la?k jkT; {ks=okj forj.k

'kk[kkvksa dh la[;k

nknjk vkSj uxj gosyh

neu vkSj nho
mÙkj çns'k
e/; çns'k
jktLFkku
gfj;k.kk
fnYyh
iatkc
NÙkhlx<
mÙkjk[kaM
fgekpy çns'k
paMhx<+
tEew vkSj d'ehj
yík[k
if'pe caxky
fcgkj
>kj[kaM
vksfM'kk
vle
f=iqjk
fetksje
ef.kiqj
es?kky;
flfDde
v#.kkpy çns'k
uxkySaM
xqtjkr
egkjk"Vª

y{k}hi
xksok
rfeyukMq
dukZVd
rsyaxkuk
vka/kz çns'k
dsjy
vaMeku vkSj fudksckj }hi lewg
iqnqpsjh
ekpZ^23 ekpZ^24
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

ns'k Hkj esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds 'kk[kk usVodZ dk 2024 rd dk gS] ftlesa ,ih,lh gkmflax Qkbusal çkbosV
vf/kd U;k;laxr vkSj larqfyr forj.k vko';d gS] fyfeVsM ¼lhvksvkj jí½] baM cSad gkmflax fyfeVsM]
ftlls tks {ks= vHkh Hkh _.k ds fy, vukSipkfjd {ks=ksa ¼lhvksvkj jí½] us'kuy VªLV gkmflax Qkbusal fyfeVsM
ij fuHkZj gSa] mUgsa vkSipkfjd _.k ds nk;js esa yk;k tk ¼lhvksvkj jí½] fjyk;al gkse Qkbusal fyfeVsM ¼lhvksvkj
ldsA jí½ vkSj gkmflax MsoyiesaV Qkbusal d‚iksZjs'ku fyfeVsM
¼,pMh,Qlh cSad ds lkFk foy;½ 'kkfey ugha gSaA
3-7 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh foÙkh; vk-fo-da- ds çeq[k foÙkh; ekinaMksa dk lkjka'k uhps nh xbZ
:ijs[kk rkfydk esa fn;k x;k gS%
bl v/;k; ds varxZr çnku fd;k x, vkadM+sa 31 ekpZ]

64
 c‚Dl 3-2% iath—r vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh dk;Z fu"ikndrk

iath—r vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk eq[; dk;Z fu"iknu fuEu çdkj gSa%
• vk-fo-da- dk dqy _.k iksVZQksfy;ks 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks ₹8]37]408 djksM+ ls 14-36 çfr'kr c<+dj 31 ekpZ]
2024 dks ₹9]57]664 djksM+ gks x;k] ftlesa ls]
o 31 ekpZ] 2023 ls vkokl _.k 11-88 çfr'kr c<+dj ₹6]09]964 djksM+ ls 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks ₹6]82]455
djksM+ gks x;kA
o 31 ekpZ] 2023 ls xSj&vkoklh; _.k 21-00 çfr'kr c<+dj ₹2]27]443 djksM+ ls 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks
₹2]75]209 djksM+ gks x;kA
o dqy _.k esa cdk;k vkokl _.k dh fgLlsnkjh 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks 73 çfr'kr ls ?kVdj tks 31 ekpZ]
2024 dks 71 çfr'kr gks x;hA
• vkokl foÙk daiuh dh dqy fuoy Lokf/k—r fuf/k 31 ekpZ] 2023 ls 16-37 çfr'kr c<+dj ₹1]36]502 djksM+
ls 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks ₹1]58]841 djksM+ gks xbZA
• 31 ekpZ] 2024 rd vk-fo-da- ¼lkoZtfud tekvksa lfgr½ dk cdk;k _.k 12-88 çfr'kr dh okf"kZd o`f) ds
lkFk ₹8]18]916 djksM+ FkkA
• 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks cdk;k lkoZtfud tekjkf'k ₹24]764 djksM+ Fkh] ftlesa foxr o"kZ dh rqyuk esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ
vk/kkj ij 3-30 çfr'kr dh o`f) ntZ dh xbZA
• 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks dqy _.k vkSj vfxze ds lkis{k ldy xSj fu"ikfnr vkfLr;ka ¼th,uih,½ 2-32 çfr'kr
FkhA
• 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks dqy _.k vkSj vfxzeksa ds lkis{k fuoy xSj fu"ikfnr vkfLr;ka ¼,u,uih,½ 1-18 çfr'kr
FkhA

rkfydk 3-6% vk-fo-da- ds çeq[k foÙkh; ladsr

¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
çfr'kr ifjorZu
cdk;k ;Fkk
fooj.k ¼o"kZ&nj&o"kZ½
ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24 2022&23 2023&24
çnÙk iwath 39,412 41,878 45,260 6.26 8.08
fucZ/k vkjf{kr fuf/k;ka 1,10,716 1,22,158 1,47,737 10.33 20.94
fuoy Lokf/k—r fuf/k ¼,uvks,Q½ 1,15,796 1,36,502 1,58,841 17.88 16.37
lkoZtfud tek,a 24,776 23,973 24,764 -3.24 3.30
vkokl _.k 5,46,852 6,09,964 6,82,455 11.54 11.88
dqy _.k vkSj vfxze 7,61,022 8,37,408 9,57,664 10.04 14.36
dqy cdk;k _.k ds lkis{k ldy xSj&fu"iknd
3.93% 3.21% 2.32%
vkfLr;ka ¼th,uih,½ ¼%½
dqy cdk;k _.k ds lkis{k fuoy xSj&fu"iknd
2.17% 1.76% 1.18%
vkfLr;ka ¼,u,uih,½ ¼%½
foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa vk-fo-da- ds vkokl _.k esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 11-88 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2022&23
esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 11-54 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ FkhA dqy _.k vkSj vfxze esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ o`f) foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esas
14-36 çfr'kr vkSj foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa 10-04 çfr'kr FkhA vk-fo-da- dh lkoZtfud tekvksa esa foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa
o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 3-30 çfr'kr dh o`f) ntZ dh xbZA

65
3-7-1 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds çeq[k fu"iknu ladsrd & ifCyd fyfeVsM vkSj çkbosV fyfeVsM ds
vk/kkj ij vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk oxhZdj.k
31 ekpZ] 2024 rd] 72 ifCyd fyfeVsM daifu;k¡ vkSj 21 çkbosV fyfeVsM daifu;k¡ FkhaA ifCyd fyfeVsM vk-fo-da- ,oa
çkbosV fyfeVsM vk-fo-da- ds çeq[k foÙkh; ekunaM fuEufyf[kr gSa%
rkfydk 3-7% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk dk;Z fu"iknu & ifCyd fyfeVsM vkSj çkbosV fyfeVsM
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
31&03&2022 31&03&2023 31&03&2024
fooj.k ifCyd çkbosV ifCyd çkbosV ifCyd çkbosV
dqy dqy dqy
fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM
çnÙk iwath 37,697 1,715 39,412 40,043 1,835 41,878 43,153 2,107 45,260
fucZ/k vkjf{kr fuf/k;ka 1,09,687 1,029 1,10,716 1,20,815 1,343 1,22,158 1,45,726 2,011 1,47,737
fuoy Lokf/k—r fuf/k
1,13,110 2,686 1,15,796 1,33,461 3,041 1,36,502 1,55,089 3,752 1,58,841
¼,uvks,Q½
lkoZtfud tek 24,776 - 24,776 23,973 - 23,973 24,764 - 24,764
vkokl _.k 5,43,016 3,836 5,46,852 6,05,003 4,961 6,09,965 6,75,489 6,965 6,82,455
foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa çkbosV fyfeVsM vk-fo-da- ds vkokl _.k esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 40-40 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tcfd
ifCyd fyfeVsM vk-fo-da- dk vkokl _.k 11-65 çfr'kr c<+kA
3-7-2 lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus okyh vkSj lkoZtfud tek u Lohdkj djus okyh vkokl foÙk
daifu;ksa ds vk/kkj ij vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds çeq[k fu"iknu ladsrd
vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa] ftUgsa lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus vkSj lkoZtfud tekjkf'k u Lohdkj djus esa foHkkftr fd;k
x;k gS] ds çeq[k foÙkh; ekunaM fuEufyf[kr rkfydk esa fn, x, gSa%
rkfydk 3-8% lkoZtfud tekjkf'k Lohdkj djus vkSj u Lohdkj djus okyh
vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk dk;Z fu"iknu
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
31&03&2022 31&03&2023 31&03&2024
Lohdkj u djus

Lohdkj u djus

Lohdkj u djus
okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-
Lohdkj djus

Lohdkj djus

Lohdkj djus
tek jkf'k

tek jkf'k

tek jkf'k

tek jkf'k

tek jkf'k

tek jkf'k

fooj.k
dqy dqy dqy

çnÙk iwath 3,937 35,475 39,412 4,041 37,837 41,878 4,131 41,129 45,260
fucZ/k vkjf{kr fuf/k;ka 55,231 55,484 1,10,716 59,940 62,218 1,22,158 70,957 76,780 1,47,737
fuoy Lokf/k—r fuf/k
54,642 61,154 1,15,796 60,045 76,457 1,36,502 71,157 87,684 1,58,841
¼,uvks,Q½
lkoZtfud tek 24,776 0 24,776 23,973 0 23,973 24,764 0 24,764
vkokl _.k 3,46,923 1,99,928 5,46,852 3,77,935 2,32,030 6,09,965 4,03,943 2,78,512 6,82,455

tek Lohdkj djus okyh vk-fo-da- dh lkoZtfud tek esa foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 3-30 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ]
tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2022&23 esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 3-24 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV gqbZ FkhA

66
tek Lohdkj djus okyh vk-fo-da- ds vkokl _.k esa d½ dsujk cSad }kjk çk;ksftr dSufQu gksEl fyfeVsM
o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 6-88 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tcfd xSj&tek [k½ lsaVªy cSad v‚Q bafM;k }kjk çk;ksftr lsaV cSad gkse
Lohdkj djus okyh vk-fo-da- ds fy, foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 Qkbusal fyfeVsM
esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ o`f) 20-03 çfr'kr FkhA x½ vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ cSad fyfeVsM }kjk çk;ksftr
vkbZlhvkbZlhvkbZ gkse Qkbusal fyfeVsM
3-7-3 okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj cgq&jkT; lgdkjh
?k½ iatkc us'kuy cSad }kjk çk;ksftr ih,uch gkmflax
cSadksa }kjk çk;ksftr vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds
Qkbusal fyfeVsM
vk/kkj ij vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ¼vk-fo-da-½ ds
M+½ jsidks cSad }kjk çk;ksftr jsidks gkse Qkbusal
çeq[k dk;Z fu"iknu ladsrd
fyfeVsM tks ,d cgq&jkT; lgdkjh cSad gS
31 ekpZ] 2024 rd] vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa ¼,llhch½
}kjk çk;ksftr pkj vk-fo-da- vkSj cgq&jkT; lgdkjh cSad vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa ¼,llhch½ vkSj cgq&jkT;
¼,e,llhch½ }kjk çk;ksftr ,d vk-fo-da- Fkh] ftudk lgdkjh cSadksa vkSj vU; vk-fo-da- ¼xSj&çk;ksftr½ }kjk
fooj.k fuEufyf[kr gS% çk;ksftr vk-fo-da- ds vk/kkj ij oxhZ—r vk-fo-da- ds
çeq[k foÙkh; ekudksa dk lkjka'k uhps fn;k x;k gS%

rkfydk 3-9% vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj cgq&jkT; lgdkjh cSadksa vkSj vU; }kjk
çk;ksftr vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh dk;Z&fu"iknu
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024
fooj.k

ç;ksftr

ç;ksftr

ç;ksftr

ç;ksftr

ç;ksftr

ç;ksftr
dqy

dqy

dqy
xSj

xSj

çnÙk iwath
xSj
1,382 38,031 39,412 1,487 40,391 41,878 1,577 43,683 45,260
fucZ/k vkjf{kr fuf/k;ka 15,988 94,727 1,10,716 17,970 1,04,188 1,22,158 23,447 1,24,290 1,47,737
fuoy Lokf/k—r fuf/k 15,251 1,00,545 1,15,796 17,711 1,18,792 1,36,503 23,246 1,35,596 1,58,841
¼,uvks,Q½
lkoZtfud tek 18,071 6,705 24,776 18,359 5,614 23,973 18,465 6,299 24,764
vkokl _.k 83,866 4,62,986 5,46,852 91,854 5,18,110 6,09,965 1,02,030 5,80,424 6,82,455

çk;ksftr vk-fo-da- ds vkokl _.k esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ vk/kkj 3-8 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds m/kkj dh
ij esa 11-08 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gS] tcfd xSj&çk;ksftr çksQkby
vk-fo-da- ds vkokl _.k esa foRr o"kZ 2023&24 esa
12-03 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA blds vfrfjDr] çk;ksftr vk-fo-da- eq[; :i ls fuf/k;ksa ds fy, fMcsapj vkSj cSadksa
vk-fo-da- dh lkoZtfud tek esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ vkèkkj ij ls m/kkj ij fuHkZj Fkh] tks foRr o"kZ 2023&24 esa dqy
foRr o"kZ 2023&24 esa 0-58 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tcfd lalk/kuksa dk yxHkx 76 çfr'kr gSA dqy _.k esa cSadksa ls
xSj&çk;ksftr vk-fo-da- esa 12-20 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA m/kkj dh fgLlsnkjh 44-40 çfr'kr Fkh] tcfd lkoZtfud
tek dqy m/kkj dk 3-02 çfr'kr FkhA

67
vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds foxr rhu o"kksaZ ds m/kkj dk fooj.k fuEufyf[kr rkfydk esa fn;k x;k gSA

rkfydk 3-10% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk cdk;k m/kkj dh ço`fÙk

¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
dqy m/kkj esa çR;sd Js.kh ds
cdk;k ;Fkk
fooj.k m/kkj dk % va'k
ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24 ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24
lkoZtfud tek 24,776 23,973 24,764 3.73% 3.30% 3.02%
jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ls m/kkj 46,533 53,727 68,341 7.00% 7.41% 8.35%
cSadksa ls m/kkj 2,66,570 3,08,620 3,63,598 40.08% 42.54% 44.40%
fons'kh m/kkj 5,221 4,412 2,179 0.78% 0.61% 0.27%
okf.kfT;d i= 19,386 19,578 30,975 2.91% 2.70% 3.78%
vU; m/kkj 1,18,995 82,937 73,006 17.89% 11.43% 8.91%
cSadksa }kjk vfHknÙk fMcsapj 82,627 1,04,817 1,09,281 12.42% 14.45% 13.34%
vU; }kjk vfHknÙk fMcsapj 1,01,006 1,27,410 1,46,772 15.19% 17.56% 17.92%
dqy fMcsapj 1,83,633 2,32,227 2,56,053 27.61% 32.01% 31.27%
dqy m/kkj 6,65,114 7,25,474 8,18,916 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

vk-fo-da- dh cdk;k mèkkjh 31 ekpZ 2023 dks ₹7]25]474 djksM+ ls c<+dj 31 ekpZ 2024 dks ₹8]18]916 djksM+ gks xbZ]
ftlesa ₹93]442 djksM+ Øfed o`f) gqbZA ¼rkfydk 3-10½

xzkQ 3-6% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk laxzfgr lalk/ku ¼ekpZ ds var esa½ ¼% fgLlk½
izfr'kr 'ks;j

ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24

lkoZtfud tek jkf'k;ka jk-vk- cSad ls _.k cSad ls _.k
fons'kh m/kkj okf.kfT;d i= vU; _.k
fMcsapj
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

• foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad ls mèkkj • okf.kfT;d i=ksa ¼lhih½ ds ekè;e ls vk-fo-da- dh
esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 27-20 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tcfd cdk;k mèkkjh foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ
foÙk o"kZ 2022&23 esa ;g o`f) o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 15-46 58-21 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tcfd foÙk o"kZ
çfr'kr dh FkhA 2022&23 esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 0-99 çfr'kr dh o`f)
gqbZ FkhA

68
• foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa cSadksa }kjk vfHknÙk fMcsapj ls djk/kku iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls vius vkokl _.k dks
mèkkj esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 10-26 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] çfrHkwfr—r djus dh lgwfy;r feysxhA
tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2022&23 esa blesa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ
26-46 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ FkhA 3-9 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh lkoZtfud
• foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa vk-fo-da- dh cdk;k lkoZtfud
tek esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 3-30 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ]
tekjkf'k;ka
tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2022&23 esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 3-24 3-9-1 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh vkdkj&okj
çfr'kr dh fxjkoV gqbZ FkhA lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ka% fiNys dqN o"kksZa esa vk-fo-da-
• foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku] vk-fo-da- dh cSadksa ls dh cdk;k lkoZtfud tekvksa esa o`f) gqbZ gSA 31 ekpZ]
mèkkjh fiNys o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 17-81 çfr'kr c<+ 2024 rd] ₹1]00]000 ls Åij dh tek jkf'k dh dqy
xbZA lkoZtfud tek esa vfèkdre fgLlsnkjh 98-15 çfr'kr
• foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa vk-fo-da- dh fons'kh mèkkjh Fkh] ftlesa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 3-56 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA
esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 50-62 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ] laHkor% Åaph C;kt njksa us vk-fo-da- esa vfèkd tek jkf'k
tcfd foÙk o"kZ 2022&23 esa blesa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ gsrq çsfjr fd;k gSA
15-50 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZA
xr rhu o"kksZa gsrq dqy tekvksa esa cdk;k lkoZtfud
ca/kd vk/kkfjr çfrHkwfrdj.k ¼,ech,l½ dk fodkl vk-
tekvksa dk vkdkj&okj fgLlk uhps iznku fd;k x;k gSA
fo-da- ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gksxk D;ksafd blls dkuwuh vkSj

xzkQ 3-7% foxr 3 o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh vkdkj&okj lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa dh
ço`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½
izfr'kr 'ks;j

ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24

₹25]000 rd ₹25]001&₹50]000 ₹50]001&₹1]00]000 ₹1]00]000 ls vf/kd
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

3-9-2 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh C;kt nj&okj esa nks vU; C;kt nj LySc vFkkZr 6 çfr'kr ls uhps
lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ka% 31 ekpZ] 2024 dh fLFkfr ds vkSj 9 çfr'kr ls vfèkd esa lkoZtfud tek dh çfr'kr
vuqlkj 6 çfr'kr ls 9 çfr'kr çfr o"kZ ds C;kt LySc fgLlsnkjh esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA
esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk dqy lkoZtfud tekvksa dk
yxHkx 96-83 çfr'kr gSA ;g vFkZO;oLFkk dh c<+rh _.k foxr 3 o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh C;kt
vko';drk dks iwjk djus ds fy, vfèkd tek tqVkus nj&okj lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa dh ço`fÙk
ds fy, vk-fo-da- dh t:jrksa dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, 31 ekpZ] 2024 rd] 6 çfr'kr ls de C;kt nj okyh
vPNh csgrj o`f) çnf'kZr djrk gSA foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 lkoZtfud tekvksa esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 70 çfr'kr dh

69
 xzkQ 3-8% foxr 3 o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh C;kt nj&okj
lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa dh ço`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½
izfr'kr 'ks;j

ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24

6% ls de 6% ls vf/kd ysfdu 9% ls de 9% ;k blls vf/kd
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

egRoiw.kZ fxjkoV ns[kh xbZ gS] tcfd 6 çfr'kr ls 9 n'kkZrk gS fd yxHkx 90 çfr'kr lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa
çfr'kr ds chp C;kt njksa okyh tek esa 8-70 çfr'kr dh ifjiDork vof/k 1 o"kZ ls 7 o"kZ ds chp FkhA
dh o`f) gqbZ gSA lcls vfèkd o`f) 1 o"kZ ls 5 o"kZ ds chp ifjiDork
3-9-3 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh ifjiDork&okj okyh lkoZtfud tekvksa esa gqbZ gSA cdk;k lkoZtfud
lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ka% foxr rhu o"kksaZ esa lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa ds ifjiDork&okj oxhZdj.k dh foxr rhu
tekjkf'k;ksa ds ifjiDork&okj oxhZdj.k dk fo'ys"k.k o"kksaZ dh ço`fÙk uhps fn, x, xzkQ esa n'kkZ;h xbZ gSA

xzkQ 3-9% foxr 3 o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh ifjiDork&okj

lkoZtfud tekjkf'k;ksa dh ço`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½
izfr'kr 'ks;j

ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24

1 o"kZ esa 1 o"kZ ds i'pkr ysfdu 5 o"kZ rd
5 o"kZ ds i'pkr ysfdu 7 o"kZ rd 7 o"kZ ds i'pkr ysfdu 10 o"kZ rd
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad
3-10 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh vkfLr djksM+ dh FkhA vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk vkokl _.k tks
çksQkby 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks ₹6]09]965 djksM+ Fkk] 31 ekpZ] 2024
dks 11-88 çfr'kr c<+dj ₹6]82]455 djksM+ gks x;kA vU;
vkokl _.k] vU; _.k vkSj vfxze vkSj fuos'k lfgr vk- _.k ,oa vfxze tks 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks ₹2]27]433 djksM+
fo-da- dh vkfLr çksQkby 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks ₹10]00]461 Fks] 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks 21-00 çfr'kr c<+dj ₹2]75]209

70
djksM+ gks x,A 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks vkokl _.k dk vU; tks fd o"kZ&nj&o"kZ vk/kkj ij 3-68 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV
_.kksa vkSj vfxzeksa ds lkis{k vuqikr yxHkx 2-7%1 FkkA iznf'kZr djrk gSA çeq[k vkfLr;ksa dh cdk;k fLFkfr ds
31 ekpZ] 2024 dks vk-fo-da- dk fuos'k ₹42]797 djksM+ lkFk mudh dqy vkfLr dk çfr'kr fgLlk uhps rkfydk
Fkk] tcfd 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks ;g ₹44]430 djksM+ Fkk] esa fn;k x;k gSA
rkfydk 3-11% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds cdk;k _.kksa vkSj vfxzeksa ,oa fuos'kksa dh ço`fÙk
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
cdk;k ;Fkk dqy dk % va'k
fooj.k
ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24 ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24
1- _.k ,oa vfxze 7,61,022 8,37,408 9,57,664 95.43% 94.96% 95.72%
d½ vkokl _.k 5,46,852 6,09,965 6,82,455 68.57% 69.17% 68.21%
ftuesa ls oS;fädksa dks vkokl
4,46,901 5,16,343 5,96,989 56.04% 58.55% 59.67%
_.k
[k½ vU; _.k ,oa vfxze 2,14,170 2,27,443 2,75,209 26.86% 25.79% 27.51%
2- fuos'k 36,481 44,430 42,797 4.57% 5.04% 4.28%
3- dqy ¼1$2½ 7,97,503 8,81,837 10,00,461 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

XkzkQ 3-10% vk-fo-da- ds cdk;k _.kksa vkSj vfxz;ksa ,ao fuos'kksa dh izo`fÙk ¼% fgLlk½
izfr'kr 'ks;j

ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24

vkokl _.k vU; _.k ,oa vfxze fuos'k
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

3-10-1 oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.k dk LySc&okj vf/kd 58-08 çfr'kr FkhA oS;fDrdksa dks dqy laforj.k
laforj.k esa foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 15-23 çfr'kr dh
o`f) gqbZA ftlesa ls] Þ₹25 yk[k ls Åijß ds vkbZ,p,y
o"kZ 2023&24 esa oS;fäd vkokl _.k dk dqy laforj.k
laforj.k esa foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa lky&nj&lky 18-93
yxHkx ₹1]83]235 yk[k djksM+ FkkA foÙk o"kZ 2023&24
çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ vkSj ₹10 yk[k rd ds vkbZ,p,y
ds nkSjku dqy vkokl _.k laforj.k esa ls] vk-fo-da-
laforj.k esa 6-32 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA
ds Þ₹25 yk[k ls Åijß ds _.k dh fgLlsnkjh lcls

71
 rkfydk 3-12% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk oS;fäd LySc okj vkokl _.k laforj.k dh ço`fÙk
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
dqy oS;fäd vkokl _.k laforj.k ds
foÙkh; o"kZ ds nkSjku laforj.k
_.k vkdkj % ds :i esa LySc&okj va'k
2021&22 2022&23 2023&24 2021&22 2022&23 2023&24
₹2 yk[k rd 1,133 1,683 682 0.88% 1.06% 0.37%
> ₹2 yk[k vkSj ₹5 yk[k rd 1,875 3,102 4,108 1.46% 1.95% 2.24%
> ₹5 yk[k vkSj ₹10 yk[k rd 11,522 13,922 15,100 8.98% 8.76% 8.24%
₹10 yk[k rd 14,530 18,707 19,890 11.32% 11.76% 10.85%
> ₹10 yk[k vkSj ₹15 yk[k rd 14,998 17,604 20,122 11.68% 11.07% 10.98%
> ₹15 yk[k vkSj ₹25 yk[k rd 29,086 33,215 36,791 22.66% 20.89% 20.08%
> ₹25 yk[k 69,759 89,490 1,06,432 54.34% 56.28% 58.08%
dqy 1,28,373 1,59,016 1,83,235 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

3-10-2 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds vkokl _.k o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 39-63 çfr'kr dh mYys[kuh; o`f) gqbZA 5
laforj.k dh vof'k"V ifjiDork iSVuZ ls 7 o"kZ dh ifjiDork vofèk esa vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa
45-44 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ tcfd 7 o"kZ ls vfèkd
vkokl _.k dh vofèk yach gksrh gS vkSj oS;fDrd
dh ifjiDork vofèk dh Js.kh esa vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa
vkokl _.k laforj.k ds ifjiDork iSVuZ ls irk pyrk
16-01 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA
gS fd yach vofèk vFkkZr 7 lky ls vfèkd okys _.kksa dks
çkFkfedrk nh tkrh gSA yxHkx 96-90 çfr'kr laforj.k foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku vk-fo-da- ds vkbZ,p,y
blh Js.kh esa vkrs gSaA foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku 5 o"kZ laforj.k ds vof'k"V ifjiDork iSVuZ esa çfr'kr
rd dh ifjiDork vofèk okys vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa fgLlsnkjh uhps nh xbZ gSA

xzkQ 3-11 % foÙk o"kZ 2024 ds nkSjku vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds oS;fäd
vkokl _.k laforj.k dk vof'k"V ifjiDork iSVuZ ¼% fgLlk½

5 o"kZ rd
> 5 ls 7 o"kZ
7 o"kZ ls vf/kd

L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad

72
3-10-3 oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.kksa dk ç;kstu&okj laforj.k
foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa] laforfjr oS;fäd vkokl _.k dk 61-36 çfr'kr u, ?kjksa ds vfè[email protected] ds fy, Fkk(
31-71 çfr'kr ekStwnk ?kjksa dh [kjhn ds fy, Fks vkSj 'ks"k 6-93 çfr'kr ?kjksa ds mUu;u ds fy, FksA
foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku u, ?kjksa ds fy, vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa o"kZ&nj&o"kZ 15-20 çfr'kr] mUu;u ds fy, 11-72
çfr'kr vkSj ekStwnk ?kjksa ds fy, 16-09 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA vk-fo-da- }kjk oS;fäd vkokl _.k dk laforj.k eq[;
:i ls u, ?kjksa ds vfè[email protected] ds mís'; ls fd;k x;k gSA
lw{e cktkjksa] fofHkUu xzkgd [kaMksa ij dsfUnzr vkSj etcwr _.k fuxjkuh ds lkFk çkS|ksfxdh xgu çfØ;kvksa dks viukus
ls O;olk; dh xq.koÙkk dks c<+kus esa enn feysxhA
fiNys rhu o"kksZa ds nkSjku mís';&okj vkbZ,p,y laforj.k dh ço`fÙk uhps fn, x, xzkQ+ esa çnf'kZr dh xbZ gSA

xzkQ 3-12: iz;kstu okj vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa izo`fÙk

edkuksa dh la[;k

u, vkokl mUu;u ekStwnk vkokl

₹2 yk[k rd > ₹2 yk[k ,oa ₹5 yk[k rd > ₹5 yk[k ,oa ₹10 yk[k rd
> ₹10 yk[k ,oa ₹15 yk[k rd > ₹15 yk[k ,oa ₹25 yk[k rd > ₹25 yk[k
L=ksr% v‚Q&lkbV fjVuZ] jk-vk-cSad
rkfydk 3-13% foxr 3 o"kksaZ dk vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk oS;fädksa dks
vkokl _.k dk ç;kstu&okj laforj.k
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½
ubZ bdkb;ksa ds fuekZ.k@ ekStwnk vkokl bdkb;ksa dk iqjkuh ekStwnk vkoklh;
LySc vf/kxzg.k ds fy, [email protected] bdkb;ksa dh [kjhn
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
₹2 yk[k rd 1,027 1,155 231 94 351 444 12 177 7
> ₹2 yk[k vkSj ₹5
1,133 1,934 1,969 619 1,016 1,960 123 151 178
yk[k rd
> ₹5 yk[k vkSj ₹10
7,594 9,441 9,848 2,272 2,564 3,169 1,656 1,917 2,083
yk[k rd
> ₹10 yk[k vkSj ₹15
9,489 11,276 13,011 2,079 2,170 2,252 3,430 4,158 4,859
yk[k rd
> ₹15 yk[k vkSj ₹25
17,599 20,338 22,449 2,504 2,579 2,681 8,983 10,298 11,661
yk[k rd
> ₹25 yk[k 40,813 53,461 64,928 2,302 2,688 2,195 26,644 33,342 39,309
dqy 77,654 97,605 1,12,437 9,870 11,368 12,700 40,849 50,043 58,097

73
3-10-4 vkokl _.kksa dk m/kkjdrkZvksa dk o"kZ dh rqyuk esa 0-08 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV vkbZ gSA
Lo:i&okj laforj.k vk-fo-da- }kjk yxHkx 89 çfr'kr foÙkiks"k.k oS;fDrd
vkokl _.k gsrq gSA foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds fy, oS;fDrd
foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku] oS;fädksa vkSj fcYMjksa dks
vkokl _.k laforj.k dh xzkeh.k vkSj 'kgjh lajpuk
vkokl _.k ds laforj.k esa Øe'k% 15-23 çfr'kr vkSj
vuqca/k III esa nh xbZ gSA
30-83 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZA gkykafd] foÙk o"kZ 2023&24
ds nkSjku] bl [kaM esa rukoxzLr ifjlaifÙk;ksa ds fuekZ.k foxr rhu o"kksaZ esa laforj.k uhps rkfydk esa fn;k x;k
ds dkj.k fcYMjksa dks vkokl _.k laforj.k esa fiNys gSA

rkfydk 3-14% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds vkokl _.kksa ds m/kkjdrkZvksa ds

izdkj&okj laforj.k dh ço`fÙk
¼jkf'k # djksM+ esa½
dqy vkokl _.k laforj.k ds
foÙkh; o"kZ ds nkSjku laforj.k o`f)
fooj.k % ds :i esa va'k
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2022-23 2023-24
oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.k 1,28,373 1,59,016 1,83,233 89.11% 87.33% 88.58% 23.87% 15.23%
Hkou fuekZrkvksa dks
14,276 21,164 21,148 9.91% 11.62% 10.22% 48.25% -0.08%
vkokl _.k
fuxfer fudk;ksa vkSj
1,419 1,906 2,485 0.98% 1.05% 1.20% 34.30% 30.38%
vU; dks vkokl _.k
dqy 1,44,068 1,82,086 2,06,866 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 26.39% 13.61%

3-11 vkokl foÙk esa lgdkjh {ks= ds vius lnL;ksa ds fy, fjgk;'kh bdkb;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds fy,
laLFkku çkFkfed vkokl lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks 2023&24 ds var
rd ₹13]773-73 djksM+ dk laforj.k fd;k gSA 2023&24
lgdkjh vkokl lajpuk esa tehuh Lrj ij çkFkfed ds var esa ,lh,p,Q dk cdk;k _.k iksVZQksfy;ks ₹651-
vkokl lgdkjh lfefr;k¡ vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij 'kh"kZ 11 djksM+ FkkA jkT;&okj laforfjr vkokl _.k] vkSj
lgdkjh vkokl la?k ¼,lh,p,Q½ lfEefyr gSaA us'kuy ,lh,p,Q }kjk fufeZr bdkb;ka vuqca/k IV esa çnku
dks&v‚ijsfVo gkmflax QsMjs'ku v‚Q bafM;k }kjk dh xbZ gSaA
miyC/k djk, x, vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj] ,lh,p,Q us

******************

74
 v/;k; 4
vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds
i;Zos{k.k lEcU/kh ?kVukØe
 ifjp;kRed lkjka'k
v/;k; 4
30 twu] 2024 rd iath—r vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh dqy la[;k 93 Fkh] ftuesa ls 9 vkokl
foÙk daifu;ksa dks lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr gS vkSj 3 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dks
lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus ls igys fofu;ked ls iwoZ fyf[kr vuqefr çkIr djuk vko';d gSA
'ks"k 81 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dks lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr ugha gSSA
cSad jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad vf/kfu;e] 1987 ds çko/kkuksa ds rgr fu/kkZfjr fu;ked vuqikyu vkSj
vkokl foÙk daiuh ds fy, Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ¼vkjchvkbZ½ }kjk fu/kkZfjr fu;ked ç.kkyh ds vk/kkj
ij] vkof/kd fjVuZ ds ek/;e ls v‚u&lkbV fujh{k.k vkSj v‚Q&lkbV fuxjkuh ç.kkyh ds ek/;e
ls vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh fuxjkuh djrk gSA
cSad us dSeYl –f"Vdks.k ds vk/kkj ij 80 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk v‚u&lkbV fujh{k.k fd;kA
ekLVj funsZ'k&,uch,Qlh&vk-fo-da- ¼fjtoZ cSad½&funsZ'k] 21 tqykbZ] 2023 ds vk/kkj ij v‚Q&lkbV
fuxjkuh dks etcwr fd;k x;k] ftlesa fofHkUu dk;kZRed vkSj rduhdh lao/kZu 'kkfey gSa] tSls fd
,Dlchvkj,y vk/kkfjr dsaæh—r fjiksfVaZx vkSj çca/ku lwpuk ç.kkyh ¼lhvkj,,evkbZ,l½ iksVZy dk
dk;kZUo;u vkSj ifji= ds vuq:i ubZ fjiksfVaZx vko';drkvksa dks 'kkfey djukA
o"kZ ds nkSjku] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds i;Zos{kh dk;Z dks ,d vyx xq.koÙkk vk'oklu dk;Z dh
LFkkiuk djds etcwr fd;k x;kA lHkh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh tksf[ke çksQkby uohure i;Zos{kh
jsfVax] O;olk; e‚My] 'kklu vkSj fu;a=.k] fujh{k.k fVIif.k;ksa ds vuqikyu dh fLFkfr] çkjafHkd
psrkouh ladsrksa vkSj fiNys nks o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds f[kykQ dh xbZ çorZu dkjZokbZ ds
vk/kkj ij rS;kj dh xbZ FkhA
cSad us vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fo'ks"k vkSj Qksjsafld ys[kk ijh{kk ds fy, Qksjsafld vkSj vkbZ,l
ys[kk ijh{kdksa dks Hkh iSuy esa 'kkfey fd;k gSA ys[kk ijh{kd vko';drk vkSj fof'k"V lkbcj
?kVukvksa] jSuleos;j geyksa vkfn ds vk/kkj ij fo'ks"k Qksjsafld vkSj vkbZ,l v‚fMV djsaxsA
{kerk fuekZ.k igy ds varxZr] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds çca/k funs'kd/eq[; dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkfj;ksa
ds lkFk cSBdsa vk;ksftr dh xbZa] ftuesa mUgsa fofHkUu fofu;ked vkSj i;Zos{kh fparkvksa ds ckjs
esa tkudkjh nh xbZ] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, cSad }kjk tksf[ke vk/kkfjr i;Zos{k.k ij ,d
vfHkfoU;kl dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA
4-1 i;Zos{k.k çHkkoh dk;kZUo;u dh fn'kk esa fofHkUu dk;kZRed vkSj
rduhdh lao/kZu fd, x, gSaA vFkkZr&
cSad jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad vf/kfu;e 1987 ds çko/kkuksa ds
rgr fu/kkZfjr fu;ked vuqikyu vkSj vk-fo-da ds fy, • ,Dlchvkj,y vk/kkfjr dsaæh—r fjiksfVaZx vkSj
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad }kjk fu/kkZfjr fu;ked ç.kkyh ds çca/ku lwpuk ç.kkyh ¼lhvkj,,evkbZ,l½ iksVZy dk
vk/kkj ij vkof/kd fjVuZ ds ek/;e ls v‚u&lkbV dk;kZUo;uA
fujh{k.k vkSj v‚Q&lkbV fuxjkuh ç.kkyh ds ek/;e ls • lhvkj,,evkbZ,l iksVZy esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa
vk-fo-da dh fuxjkuh djrk gSA ds fy, vkjchvkbZ }kjk fu/kkZfjr fofHkUu fjiksfVaZx
vko';drkvksa dks 'kkfey djukA
4-1-1 vkokl foRr daifu;ksa dh fLFkfr • ekLVj ifji= ds çko/kkuksa dk i;Zos{kh ç.kkyh ds
30 twu] 2024 rd iath—r vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh çko/kkuksa ds lkFk lkeatL;A
dqy la[;k 93 Fkh] ftuesa ls 9 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa
4-1-4 Hkk-fj-cSad ds lkFk leUo; ra=
dks lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr gS vkSj
3 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dks lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj o"kZ ds nkSjku] 21 Qjojh] 2024 dks Hkk-fj-cSad ds lkFk
djus ls igys fofu;ked ls iwoZ fyf[kr vuqefr çkIr ,d cSBd vk;ksftr dh xbZA cSad fu;fer :i ls Hkk-fj-
djuk vko';d gSA 'ks"k 81 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dks cSad ds fofu;eu foHkkx ds lkFk fujh{k.k ls çkIr i;Zos{kh
lkoZtfud tek Lohdkj djus dh vuqefr ugha gSSA buiqV lk>k djrk jgk gSA

4-1-2 v‚u&lkbV fujh{k.k 4-1-5 i;Zos{kh ç.kkyh dh leh{kk

foÙkh; o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku] cSad us dSeYl –f"Vdks.k uoacj 2023 esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, i;Zos{kh
ds vk/kkj ij 80 vk-fo-da dk v‚u&lkbV fujh{k.k fd;k ç.kkyh dh leh{kk fuEufyf[kr lao/kZuksa ds lkFk dh xbZ%
x;k A • lHkh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, 2&3 vf/kdkfj;ksa
dh uksMy Vhe xfBr djukA
4-1-3 v‚Q&lkbV fuxjkuh
• ,d i`Fkd xq.koÙkk vk'oklu dk;Z dh LFkkiukA
cSad vk-fo-da }kjk çLrqr vkof/kd fjVuZ dh frekgh] • Ldsy&vk/kkfjr fofu;eu ds ?kVdksa] Åijh Øe
v/kZokf"kZd vkSj okf"kZd fjVuZ lfgr fuxjkuh ,oa tkap vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, fofu;eu vkfn tSls
djds vk-fo-da dh v‚Q&lkbV fuxjkuh djrk gSA fu;ked igyqvksa esa ifjorZuksa dks 'kkfey djukA
vk-fo-da }kjk çLrqr fd, tkus okys vko';d ekStwnk • vk-fo-da ds iathdj.k çek.ki= ¼lhvksvkj½ dks jí
fjVuZ dks ekLVj funsZ'k&,uch,Qlh&vk-fo-da- ¼fjtoZ djus ij ,lvksihA
cSad½& funsZ'k] tqykbZ 2023 ds vk/kkj ij iwjh ifji= ds

77
• lkafof/kd ys[kk ijh{kdksa dh vksj ls ns[kh xbZ dfe;ksa viukbZ xbZ çFkkvksa dk fo"k;xr v/;;u djus dh lykg
dks vkbZlh,vkbZ dks lanfHkZr djus ds fy, ra= dks nh FkhA bl laca/k esa] ,d ç'ukoyh rS;kj dh xbZ vkSj
'kkfey djukA vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dks Hksth xbZ vkSj çkIr çfrfØ;kvksa
dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k vkSj flQkfj'kksa ds lkFk Hkkjrh;
4-1-6 uksMy Vhesa fjtoZ cSad ds lkFk lk>k fd;k x;kA
• cSad us {ks=h; dk;kZy;ksa ¼vkjvks½ esa çeq[k vkokl
foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, ^uksMy Vheksa* dh ,d ç.kkyh 4-2 i;Zos{kh ifji=
LFkkfir dh gSA uksMy Vhesa lHkh ekeyksa ds fy,
laidZ dk ,dek= fcanq gSa vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus • vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, tksf[ke vk/kkfjr
ds fy, fd Hkfo"; ds fujh{k.kksa esa ogh voyksdu i;Zos{k.k ¼vkjch,l½ e‚My dks vafre :i fn;k
nksgjk;k u tk,] vkoafVr vk-fo-da- ds lkFk ^fujarj x;k ftlesa O;kolkf;d tksf[ke vkSj 'kklu ,oa
vuqikyu dh leh{kk* Hkh djsaxhA fujh{k.k tksf[ke nksuksa 'kkfey gSaA ;g Hkh fu.kZ;
fy;k x;k fd foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 ds fujh{k.k pØ
• fujh{k.k eSuqvy dks la'kksf/kr vkSj v|ru fd;k
esa Åijh Øe dh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk fujh{k.k
x;k gS] ftlesa fujh{k.k Vheksa dh la'kksf/kr lajpuk
vkjch,l ds vuqlkj fd;k tk,xkA
vkSj i;Zos{kh jsfVax vuqeksnu çfØ;k dh leh{kk
'kkfey gSA • cSad esa çkIr f'kdk;rksa dh i;Zos{kh –f"Vdks.k ls
tkap djus ds fy, cSad }kjk ,d lfefr xfBr dh
• lHkh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk tksf[ke çksQkby
xbZ gS ftlesa i;Zos{k.k ,oa f'kdk;r fuokj.k foHkkx
fuEufyf[kr ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj fd;k x;k gS%
¼thvkjMh½ ds vf/kdkjh 'kkfey gSaA
o vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh i;Zos{kh jsfVax]
• cSad us vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fo'ks"k vkSj Qksjsafld
o vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk fctusl e‚My] v‚fMV ds fy, Qksjsafld vkSj vkbZ,l ys[kk ijh{kdksa
o çeq[k foÙkh; ?kVukvksa dk #>ku dks iSuy esa 'kkfey fd;k gSA o"kZ ds nkSjku] ,d
o 'kklu vkSj fu;a=.k] vkokl foÙk daiuh esa lkbcj lqj{kk ?kVuk dk ,d
o fujh{k.k fVIif.k;ksa ds vuqikyu dh fLFkfr] vkbZ,l v‚fMV vkSj nwljh vkokl foÙk daiuh esa
,d Qksjsafld v‚fMV fd;k x;k gSA
o fiNys nks o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fo#)
v‚Q&lkbV fo'ys"k.k vkSj çorZu dkjZokbZ ds
4-3 vU; fofu;ked fudk;ksa ds lkFk
vk/kkj ij fn, x, çkjafHkd psrkouh ladsrA
leUo;
4-1-7 èkks[kkèkM+h ij vkarfjd lfefr
• cSad lHkh foÙkh; {ks= fu;kedksa esa foÙkh; laLFkkvksa
cM+h vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk çLrqr /kks[kk/kM+h dh ds fy, vk/kkjHkwr lkbcj lqj{kk fn'kk&funsZ'kksa esa
tkudkjh dh fu;fer fuxjkuh ds fy, ,d vkarfjd ,d:irk ykus ds fy, Hkk-fj-cSad }kjk xfBr dk;Z
lfefr cukbZ xbZ gSA cSad fu;fer :i ls lko/kkuh lewg ¼MCY;wth½ dk ,d fgLlk gS vkSj ,d leku
lykg ds ek/;e ls ,d frekgh esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa vk/kkjHkwr lkbcj lqj{kk ekudksa dks lqfuf'pr djus
}kjk fjiksVZ dh xbZ /kks[kk/kM+h ds rkSj&rjhdksa dk çlkj ds fy, ,d –f"Vdks.k rS;kj djus dh tkap dh tk
dj jgk gSA jgh gSA
• jk-vk-cSad us vk-fo-da vkSj mudh lewg daifu;ks ds
4-1-8 C;kt vuqnku ;kstukvksa ij fo"k;xr
eqíksa ij Hkk-fj-cSad@vkbZvkjMh,vkbZ }kjk vk;ksftr
v/;;u varj&fu;ked cSBdksa esa Hkkx ysuk tkjh j[kkA
Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad us jk"Vªh; vkokl cSad dks vfHkuo • jk-vk-cSad] foÙkh; fLFkjrk vkSj fodkl ifj"kn
vkokl _.k ;kstukvksa ¼fcYMj lcosa'ku½ ij ekStwnk ¼,Q,lMhlh½ dh mi&lfefr }kjk LFkkfir iwoZ
funsZ'kksa ds mYya?ku dh tkap djus vkSj vk-fo-da }kjk psrkouh lewg ¼bZMCY;wth½ dk Hkh lnL; gSA

78
4-4 {kerk fuekZ.k dk;ZØe 4-5 vxzxkeh igysa
foÙkh; o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku cSad }kjk fuEufyf[kr • cSad us oS;fDrd vkokl _.kksa ds lkFk&lkFk chek
{kerk fuekZ.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd, x, Fks% _.kksa dh xyr fcØh ds ekeyksa ij ,d fo"k;xr
• vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds ,eMh@lhbZvks ds lkFk 19 v/;;u rS;kj fd;k gSA v/;;u ds çeq[k fu"d"kksaZ
vkSj 20 vDVwcj] 2023 dks cSBd vk;ksftr dh xbZ] dks vkjchvkbZ esa varj&fu;ked eap dh cSBd vkSj
ftlesa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dks fofHkUu fu;ked vkbZvkjMh,vkbZ esa çkjafHkd psrkouh lewg dh cSBd
vuqikyu] i;Zos{kh fparkvksa] f'kdk;r vkSj /kks[kk/kM+h esa lk>k fd;k x;kA
fo'ys"k.k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nh xbZA • fujh{k.k iksVZy fØ;kfUor fd;k x;k gSA
• cSad }kjk 7 ekpZ] 2024 dks çeq[k vkokl foÙk • MsVk ds fy, iwoZ&Loh—fr tkap LFkkfir djus
daifu;ksa ds fy, tksf[ke vk/kkfjr i;Zos{k.k ij ,d ds mís'; ls MsVk xq.koÙkk lwpdkad ¼MhD;wvkbZ½
vfHkfoU;kl dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd;k x;kA dks dsaæh—r fjiksfVaZx vkSj çca/ku lwpuk ç.kkyh
• ,QvkbZ;w&vkbZ,uMh ds lg;ksx ls] o"kZ ds nkSjku ¼lhvkj,,evkbZ,l½ iksVZy ij is'k fd;k x;k gSA
fofHkUu vk-fo-da- ds fy, dsokbZlh fn'kkfunsZ'kksa vkSj
,,e,y mik;ksa ds vuqikyu ij nks v‚uykbu
çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd, x,A

******************

79
v/;k; 5
Hkkoh ifj–';
 ifjp;kRed lkjka'k
v/;k; 5
foÙkh; o"kZ 2024&25 esa oSf'od o`f) 2-6 çfr'kr rd igqapus dk vuqeku gS] vxys foÙkh; o"kZ
2025&26 esa ekewyh o`f) ds lkFk 2-7 çfr'kr rd igqapus dk vuqeku gS] D;ksafd oSf'od O;kikj
vkSj fuos'k dk e/;e nj ls foLrkj tkjh gSA oSf'od eqækLQhfr 2024 esa vkSlru 3-5 çfr'kr ds
lkFk e/;e gksus dk vuqeku gSA
fofHkUu O;kid vkfFkZd vkSj Hkw&jktuhfrd pqukSfr;ksa ds ckotwn] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk mYys[kuh;
o`f) dk vuqHko dj jgh gSA egkekjh ls lacaf/kr y‚dMkmu vkSj vkfFkZd vfuf'prrk ls fpfàr nks
pqukSrhiw.kZ o"kksaZ ds ckn] fj;y ,LVsV {ks= us etcwr lq/kkj fn[kk;k gSA
dksfoM&19 egkekjh us ?kj [kjhnus okyksa dh çkFkfedrkvksa dks cny fn;k gS] ftlls vfrfjä
lqfo/kkvksa ls ySl cM+s] vf/kd fVdkÅ ?kjksa dh ekax c<+ xbZ gS] tks dkQh gn rd fjeksV vkSj
gkbfczM odZ e‚My ds mn; ls çHkkfor gaSA vkokl foÙk daifu;k¡ Hkkjrh; vkokl cktkj ds Hkhrj
?kj [kjhnus okyksa dh fofo/k vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus esa lgk;d jgh gSaA
vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, oS;fDrd cdk;k vkokl _.k 2021 esa ₹4-09 yk[k djksM+ ls c<+dj
flracj 2024 rd ₹6-26 yk[k djksM+ gks x;kA vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh 'kk[kkvksa dh la[;k 2022
esa 7]302 ls c<+dj 2024 esa 9]491 gks xbZ gSA gkyk¡fd] fo'ks"k :i ls iwohZ vkSj iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa esa
lhfer _.k miyC/krk ds lkFk {ks=h; vlekurk,¡ cuh gqbZ gSaA
vkokl {ks= ds fodkl dks dbZ egRoiw.kZ igyksa ls cy feyk gS] ftuesa ih,e,okbZ 2-0 dk 'kqHkkjaHk]
vkfFkZd vkSj ikjxeu ;kstuk ds ek/;e ls fodkl dsaæksa ds :i esa 'kgjksa dk fodkl] vkSj uxj
fu;kstu ;kstukvksa] ikjxeu mUeq[k fodkl ;kstukvksa vkSj vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa ds fy, Nk=kokl 'kSyh
ds fdjk;s ds vkokl dk mi;ksx djds ifjuxjh; {ks=ksa dk O;ofLFkr fodkl 'kkfey gSA
'kgjhdj.k] fMftVyhdj.k vkSj fLFkjrk vkokl dh ekax ds çeq[k pkyd gksus dh mEehn gSA
foÙkiks"k.k e‚My] fofu;ked ç.kkyh vkSj çkS|ksfxdh esa uokpkjksa ls bl {ks= ds Hkfo"; ds ç{ksioØ
dks çHkkfor djus dh laHkkouk gSA vkokl {ks= fodkl ds fy, vPNh fLFkfr esa gS] tks Hkkjr ds
O;kid vkfFkZd fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA

82
5-1 vkfFkZd ifj–'; etcwr fuos'k lkoZtfud volajpuk O;; esa rsth ykus
dk eq[; pkyd gSA
foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 esa oSf'od o`f) 2-6 çfr'kr ij fLFkj
gksus dk vuqeku gS] tks rhu o"kksaZ esa igyh ckj ,d fLFkj rhoz _.k o`f) futh fuos'k dk leFkZu dj jgh gSA —f"k
pj.k dks n'kkZrk gSA oSf'od O;kikj vkSj fuos'k ds e/;e mRiknu esa lq/kkj gks jgk gS D;ksafd lkekU; ls csgrj
xfr ls foLrkj ds dkj.k ;g fLFkjrk foÙk o"kZ 2025&26 ekulwu xzkeh.k vk; dks c<+k jgk gS vkSj tYn gh [kk|
esa ekewyh o`f) ds lkFk 2-7 çfr'kr rd c<+us dk vuqeku dherksa vkSj eqækLQhfr dks de djsxkA ¼L=ksr% vksbZlhMh]
gSA oSf'od eqækLQhfr 2024 esa vkSlru 3-5 çfr'kr ds vkfFkZd –f"Vdks.k½
lkFk e/;e gksus dk vuqeku gSA O;kikj dh lqj{kk] gfjr
vkSj fMftVy cnykoksa dk leFkZu] _.k jkgr çnku 5-2 vkokl ifj–';
djus vkSj [kk| lqj{kk esa lq/kkj ds fy, oSf'od lg;ksx egkekjh ls çsfjr y‚dMkmu vkSj vkfFkZd vfLFkjrk ds nks
dh vko';drk gSA ¼L=ksr% oSf'od vkfFkZd laHkkouk,¡] fo'o pqukSrhiw.kZ o"kksaZ ds ckn] fj;y ,LVsV {ks= us ,d etcwr
cSad½
lq/kkj dk vuqHko fd;k gSA egkekjh us ?kj [kjhnus
O;kid vkfFkZd vkSj Hkw&jktuhfrd pqukSfr;ksa ds ckotwn] okyksa dh çkFkfedrkvksa dks cny fn;k gS] ftlds dkj.k
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rst xfr ls c<+ jgh gSA ;g os fjeksV vkSj gkbfczM ofdaZx VªsaM ds dkj.k vfrfjä
yphykiu eq[; :i ls lkoZtfud cqfu;knh <kaps esa lqfo/kkvksa ds lkFk cM+s] fVdkÅ ?kjksa dh ryk'k dj jgs
fuos'k vkSj fj;y ,LVsV esa ?kjsyw fuos'k esa o`f) ls çsfjr gSaA
gSA Hkkjrh; foÙkh; ç.kkyh esa vkokl foÙk dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk
fofuekZ.k vkSj lsok {ks= esa o`f) ls Hkkjr ds fy, e/;e gSA çkFkfed _.k laLFkkuksa dk oS;fDrd vkokl _.k
vof/k dk vkfFkZd ifj–'; ldkjkRed jgus dh mEehn cdk;k 31 ekpZ] 2024 rd Hkkjr ds ldy ?kjsyw mRikn
gSA Hkkjr esa lkoZtfud volajpuk O;; esa rhoz o`f) vkSj dk 11-29 çfr'kr gSA vDVwcj 2024 rd vuqlwfpr
futh miHkksx esa tkjh etcwr o`f) ls foÙk o"kZ 2025&26 okf.kfT;d cSadksa }kjk fn, x, ldy cSad _.k esa vkokl
vkSj foÙk o"kZ 2026&27 esa okLrfod ldy ?kjsyw mRikn {ks= dk fgLlk 16-66 çfr'kr gSA ¼L=ksr% Hkk-fj-cSad½
dh o`f) nj 7 çfr'kr ls FkksM+k lk uhps jgus dk vuqeku çkFkfed _.knkrk laLFkk,a vkokl {ks= ds fodkl dks
gSA foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa 6-8 çksRlkfgr djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSa] tSlk
çfr'kr dh o`f) gksus dh mEehn gS vkSj ;g xfr foÙk o"kZ fd vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa] lkoZtfud {ks= ds cSadksa vkSj
2025&26 vkSj 2026&27 esa leku njksa ij cuh jgsxhA futh {ks= ds cSadksa }kjk oS;fDrd vkokl _.kksa ds frekgh
forj.k ls Li"V gSA ¼xzkQ 5-1½

83
 xzkQ 5-1% çkFkfed _.k laLFkkuksa }kjk frekgh&okj oS;fDrd vkokl _.k laforj.k
¼jkf'k ₹ djksM+ esa½

flracj&22

fnlacj&22

ekpZ&23

twu&23

flracj&23

fnlacj&23

ekpZ&24

twu&24

flracj&24
flracj&22 fnlacj&22 ekpZ&23 twu&23 flracj&23 fnlacj&23 ekpZ&24 twu&24 flracj&24
vk-fo-da-
ih,lch
ihohch

,pMh,Qlh fyfeVsM ds ,pMh,Qlh cSad fyfeVsM ds lkFk foy; ds dkj.k ,pMh,Qlh fyfeVsM dks le;kof/k ds fy, ihohch ds
:i esa oxhZ—r fd;k x;k gSA

flracj 2024 rd] vk-fo-da- vkSj ih,lch ls vkokl _.k ?kj [kjhnkjksa dh ldkjkRed Hkkouk ds dkj.k ;g xfr
laforj.k esa Øe'k% 5-5 çfr'kr vkSj 12-8 çfr'kr dh tkjh jgus dh mEehn gSA
o`f) gqbZ] tcfd ihohch esa lky&nj&lky vk/kkj ij
16-2 çfr'kr dh fxjkoV ns[kh xbZA 5-2-2 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk fuHkkbZ xbZ
tcfd frekgh&nj&frekgh vk/kkj ij] vk-fo-da-] ih,lch Hkwfedk
vkSj ihohch ds fy, laforj.k Øe'k% 13-2 çfr'kr] 20-6 vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa us ?kj [kjhnus okyksa dh
çfr'kr vkSj 0-7 çfr'kr c<+kA fofo/k t:jrksa dks iwjk djds Hkkjrh; vkokl {ks= esa
egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA vius yphys ik=rk ekunaM]
5-2-1 çeq[k Hkkjrh; 'kgjksa esa vkokl dh dherksa etcwr xzkgd lsok] dq'ky nLrkosthdj.k vkSj de
dk #>ku çlaLdj.k le; ds dkj.k] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa us
,u,pch jsthMsDl ¼,pihvkbZ @ ewY;kadu ewY; vkSj Hkkjrh; foÙkh; ifj–'; esa viuk LFkku lqjf{kr dj
fuekZ.kk/khu laifÙk;ksa ds fy, ,pihvkbZ @ cktkj ewY;½ fy;k gSA
uhfr fuekZrkvksa] cSadksa] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa] fcYMjksa] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk çkFkfed y{; vkokl _.k
MsoyilZ] fuos'kdksa] O;fä;ksa vkfn dks frekgh vk/kkj dh c<+rh ekax dks iwjk djuk rFkk fofHkUu vk; oxksaZ ds
ij Hkkjr ds fofHkUu 'kgjksa esa vkokl dh dherksa esa O;fä;ksa ds fy, _.k rd igqap esa lq/kkj djuk gSA
mrkj&p<+ko dks VªSd djus esa l{ke cukrk gS] ftlesa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, cdk;k oS;fDrd vkokl
foÙk o"kZ 18 dks vk/kkj o"kZ ekuk tkrk gSA foÙk o"kZ _.k ekpZ 2021 esa ₹4-09 yk[k djksM+ ls c<+dj ekpZ
2025 dh nwljh frekgh ds nkSjku lky&nj&lky o`f) 2024 esa ₹5-96 yk[k djksM+ vkSj flracj 2024 esa ₹6-25
ns[kh xbZA 50 'kgjksa esa ls] 48 'kgjksa us flracj 2024 yk[k djksM+ gks x;kA
¼lky&nj&lky½ dh frekgh esa ,pihvkbZ @ ewY;kadu
ewY; ds fy, laifÙk dh dherksa esa o`f) ntZ dhA dksfoM fiNys dqN o"kksaZ esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk dn c<+k
ds ckn lwpdkadksa esa fujarj o`f) gqbZ gSA ;g lq/kkj gS vkSj 'kk[kkvksa dh la[;k 31 ekpZ] 2022 dks 7]302 ls
fV;j II vkSj fV;j III 'kgjksa esa vf/kd Li"V jgk gS rFkk c<+dj 31 ekpZ] 2023 dks 8]833 vkSj 31 ekpZ] 2024 dks

84
9]491 gks xbZ gSA vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds dqy _.k tcfd vkokl {ks= us etcwr o`f) fn[kkbZ gS] _.k çokg
iksVZQksfy;ks esa ekpZ 2024 esa 14-36 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ esa {ks=h; vlekurk,¡ vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ds fy, ,d
gS] tcfd vkokl _.k esa 11-88 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA egRoiw.kZ pqukSrh cuh gqbZ gSa] nf{k.kh] if'peh vkSj mÙkjh
foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 esa forfjr oS;fDrd vkokl _.kksa dk jkT;ksa esa vkokl foÙk laforj.k dk cM+k fgLlk gS] tcfd
61-36 çfr'kr u, ?kjksa ds vf/kxzg.k/fuekZ.k ds fy, FkkA iwohZ vkSj iwoksZÙkj {ks=ksa esa _.k çokg dh igqap de gSA
;g vkokl {ks= ds fodkl dks c<+kok nsus esa vkokl foÙk blh rjg] ns'k ds mÙkj iwohZ {ks=ksa esa vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa
daifu;ksa }kjk fuHkkbZ xbZ egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk dks iznf'kZr ds fy, 'kk[kk usVodZ dh igqap de gSA
djrk gSA

ckWDl 5-1% vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa ij fo"k;xr v/;;u

• cSad }kjk fd, x, ,d fo"k;xr v/;;u ds vuqlkj] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa us ekpZ 2021 ls ekpZ 2022 rd
V‚i&vi vkokl _.k ij 2-15 çfr'kr dh o`f) nj ntZ dh gS] blds ckn ekpZ 2022 ls ekpZ 2023 rd
28-25 çfr'kr dh i;kZIr o`f) gqbZ gSA
• cSad us vkokl _.k ls tqM+s chek ij ,d fo"k;xr v/;;u Hkh fd;k vkSj ik;k fd oS;fDrd vkokl _.k ds
lkFk&lkFk chek _.k dh xyr fcØh ds ekeys Hkh gSaA

5-3 vkokl {ks= ds fy, vkxs dk jkLrk% {ks=ksa esa ca/kd igqap c<+kus ds fy, dke dj jgs gSa] ftlesa
fodflr Hkkjr dh vksj lg&_.k e‚My tSlh igy dk y{; cSadksa dh pyfuf/k
dks vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh igqap ds lkFk tksM+uk gS
vkokl foÙk esa {ks=h; vlekurkvksa dks nwj djus ds ftlls oafpr vkcknh rd vkokl _.k miyC/k djk;k
ç;kl tkjh gSaA ljdkj vkSj fu;ked de lsok okys tk ldsA

ckWDl 5-2% cSafdax {ks= esa ldkjkRed #>ku& Hkkjr dh fodkl

vkdka{kkvksa vkSj vkokl ekax dks leFkZu
• Hkkjrh; okf.kfT;d cSafdax {ks= us foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 vkSj foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 dh igyh Nekgh ds nkSjku fujarj
etcwrh dk çn'kZu fd;kA
• vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa ¼,llhch½ dh lesfdr rqyu i= esa nksgjs vad dk foLrkj gqvk] tks eq[; :i ls
etcwr _.k o`f) ls çsfjr FkkA
• yxkrkj NBs o"kZ] cSadksa us ykHkçnrk esa o`f) ntZ dh] tcfd ifjlaifÙk dh xq.koÙkk esa vkSj o`f) ns[kh xbZ]
ldy xSj&fu"ikfnr ifjlaifÙk ¼th,uih,½ vuqikr ekpZ 2024 ds var rd 13 o"kksaZ esa vius fuEure Lrj 2-7
çfr'kr ij vk x;kA
• o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku] vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dh rqyu i= esa 13-3 çfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ] tks eq[; :i ls
e/;e Lrj dh vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk fn, x, _.k vkSj vfxzeksa ds dkj.k gqbZA
• vDVwcj 2024 esa vkokl {ks= dks fn, x, _.k esa lky&nj&lky 12-1 çfr'kr dh o`f) ntZ dh xbZA
• c<+rh vk;] 'kgjhdj.k vkSj ?kj ds LokfeRo dh c<+rh ekax us vkokl cktkj esa _.k dh ekax dks cuk, j[kk
gSA
• ç/kkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk ¼ih,e,okbZ½ vkSj fdQk;rh vkokl ds fy, lfClMh okys _.k us Hkh vkokl _.k
dh ekax dks leFkZu fn;k gSA
• vk-fo-da fV;j II vkSj III 'kgjksa vkSj xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa foLrkj dj jgh gSa] tks fodkl ds volj çnku djrh
gSaA vk-fo-da ds fy, fofu;eksa dk lkeatL; bl {ks= ds lrr fodkl ds fy, mRçsjd dk dke djsxkA
L=ksr% vkjchvkbZ dh Hkkjr esa cSafdax dh ço`fÙk vkSj çxfr 2023&24

85
fV;j&II vkSj fV;j&III 'kgjksa esa vkfFkZd ifjorZu vkokl ;g U;kl vkfFkZd :i ls detksj oxksaZ ¼bZMCY;w,l½
dh ekax dks c<+k jgs gSa] ftlls çkFkfed _.k nsus okyh vkSj fuEu vk; lewgksa ¼,yvkbZth½ dks cSadksa] vkokl
laLFkk,a bl ekax dks iwjk djus ds fy, vuqdwfyr mRikn foÙk daifu;ksa vkSj çkFkfed _.k laLFkkuksa }kjk çnku
fMtkbu djus ds fy, çsfjr gks jgh gSaA fd, tkus okys fdQk;rh vkokl _.kksa ds fy, _.k
o"kZ 2024&25 ds dsaæh; ctV esa vkokl {ks= dks vkSj tksf[ke xkjaVh çnku djsxkA ih,e,okbZ 2-0 dh foÙkh;
c<+kok nsus ds mís'; ls dbZ mik; izLrqr fd, x, gSaA ç.kkyh O;kid Hkkxhnkjh vkSj lkeF;Z dks c<+kok nsus ds
buesa ih,e,okbZ 2-0 dh ?kks"k.kk] vkfFkZd vkSj ikjxeu fy, lajfpr gSA C;kt lfClMh ;kstuk ¼vkbZ,l,l½ dks
fu;kstu ds ek/;e ls 'kgjksa dks fodkl dsaæksa ds :i esa NksM+dj] fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa ?kjksa ds fuekZ.k dh ykxr dsaæ
fodflr djuk] vkSj uxj fu;kstu ;kstukvksa] ikjxeu ljdkj] jkT; ljdkjksa] dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kksa vkSj ykHkkfFkZ;ksa
mUeq[k fodkl ;kstukvksa vkSj vkS|ksfxd Jfedksa ds fy, ds chp forfjr dh tk,xhA blds vfrfjä] çkS|ksfxdh
Nk=kokl 'kSyh ds fdjk;s ds vkokl dk mi;ksx djds vkSj uokpkj mi&fe'ku ¼VhvkbZ,l,e½ ds ek/;e ls
ifjuxjh; {ks=ksa dk O;ofLFkr fodkl 'kkfey gSA ;s vkokl fuekZ.k esa vk/kqfud] i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy rduhdksa
mik; 'kgjh {ks=ksa esa] fo'ks"k :i ls lekt ds vkfFkZd :i dks viukus ij tksj fn;k x;k gSA bl egRokdka{kh igy
ls detksj oxksaZ ds fy, lkeF;Z vkSj jgus dh {kerk esa dh lQyrk ljdkjh laLFkkvksa] fu;kedksa] vkokl foÙk
lq/kkj ds fy, fMtkbu fd, x, gSaA daifu;ksa] cSadksa vkSj MsoyilZ lfgr lHkh fgr/kkjdksa ds
lg;ksxkRed ç;klksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
ih,e,okbZ 2-0 igys pj.k dh lQyrk ij vk/kkfjr gS]
ftlesa oSf'od vuqHkoksa ls lh[k ysrs gq, vU; loksZÙke rsth ls c<+rs 'kgjhdj.k] tulkaf[;dh; cnyko]
çFkkvksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA vxys ikap o"kksaZ esa 1 fMftVyhdj.k] fLFkjrk vkSj cqfu;knh <kaps ds fodkl
djksM+ 'kgjh xjhc vkSj e/;e oxZ ds ifjokjksa dh vkokl ls çsfjr vkokl {ks= ds fy, Hkfo"; dk –f"Vdks.k
laca/kh t:jrksa dks bl ;kstuk ds rgr iwjk fd;k tk,xk] vk'kktud cuk gqvk gSA vkoklh; vkokl {ks= ds Hkfo";
ftlesa >qXxh&>ksifM+;ksa esa jgus okys yksxksa] vuqlwfpr dks vkdkj nsus esa ljdkjh igy egRoiw.kZ cuh gqbZ gS]
tkfr@tutkfr] vYila[;dksa] fo/kokvksa] fnO;kax O;fä;ksa tks Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd ifj–'; esa bldh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk
vkSj vU; oafpr oxksaZ ij fo'ks"k /;ku fn;k tk,xkA dks mtkxj djrh gSA tSls&tSls vkokl dh ekax c<+rh
tk jgh gS] ;g {ks= egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ds fy, rS;kj gS]
ih,e,okbZ 2-0 esa vkokl dh lkeF;Z vkSj lqxerk esa tks foÙkiks"k.k e‚My esa çxfr] fu;ked lq/kkjksa vkSj c<+h
lq/kkj ykus ds mís'; ls dbZ egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"krk,a 'kkfey gqbZ ikjnf'kZrk ls çsfjr gS] ftlls fodkl esa vkSj rsth
dh xbZ gSaA mYys[kuh; ifjorZuksa esa ls ,d _.k tksf[ke vk,xhA
xkjaVh fuf/k U;kl ¼lhvkjth,QVh½ dks 1]000 djksM+
#i;s ls c<+kdj 3]000 djksM+ #i;s djuk gSA

86
 ckWDl 5-3% vkokl {ks= ds fy, pqukSfr;ka vkSj volj

pqukSfr;ka
• vkokl foÙk esa {ks=h; vlekurk: foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 dh igyh Nekgh ds nkSjku fd, x, lap;h laforj.k
esa ns'k ds nf{k.kh] if'peh vkSj mÙkjh jkT;ksa dh fgLlsnkjh Øe'k% 35-02 çfr'kr] 30-14 çfr'kr vkSj 28-73
çfr'kr gS] tcfd iwohZ jkT;ksa ¼iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa lfgr½ dh fgLlsnkjh 6-10 çfr'kr gSA foÙk o"kZ 2024&25 dh
igyh Nekgh ds nkSjku dqy vkbZ,p,y laforj.k esa iwoksZÙkj jkT;ksa dh fgLlsnkjh 0-68 çfr'kr gSA
• ck<+] vkx vkSj pje ekSle dh ?kVukvksa tSls tyok;q&laca/kh tksf[keksa ds çfr laosnu'khyrkA bekjrksa dks
vf/kd yphyk vkSj ÅtkZ dq'ky cukus dh vko';drk c<+ jgh gSA
• orZeku esa] gfjr Hkou çek.ku çnku djus okyh laLFkkvksa dh la[;k lhfer gS rFkk fofHkUu ,tsafl;ksa }kjk
çnku fd, tkus okys jsfVax çek.ku esa dksbZ lekurk ugha gSA
• fuekZ.k ds fy, gfjr lkefxz;ksa dh mPp ykxr pqukSrhiw.kZ gSA

volj
• fuekZ.k esa rduhdh çxfr] tSls 3Mh fçafVax] ykxr de djrh gS vkSj ifj;kstuk dh le;lhek esa rsth ykrh
gSA
• ç/kkuea=h vkokl ;kstuk ¼ih,e,okbZ½] oLrq ,oa lsok dj ¼th,lVh½] fj;y ,LVsV ¼fofu;eu ,oa fodkl½
vf/kfu;e ¼jsjk½] rFkk fnokyk ,oa fnokfy;kiu lafgrk ¼vkbZchlh½ tSlh ljdkjh igyksa us bl {ks= esa ikjnf'kZrk
vkSj fuos'kdksa dk fo'okl c<+kus esa ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
• Hkwfe vfHkys[kksa ds fMftVyhdj.k vkSj thvkbZ,l eSfiax ls fj;y ,LVsV ç'kklu dks vk/kqfud cukus esa enn
feysxh] ftlls ikjnf'kZrk vkSj n{krk c<+sxhA
• ,vkbZ] MsVk ,ukfyfVDl vkSj Hkfo";lwpd e‚Mfyax dk mi;ksx fuos'kdksa] MsoyilZ vkSj ?kj [kjhnkjksa dks csgrj
nwjnf'kZrk çnku dj ldrk gSA
• vkjbZvkbZVh NksVs fuos'kdksa dks cM+s iSekus ij fj;y ,LVsV fodkl esa Hkkx ysus dk volj çnku djrs gSa vkSj
vkokl {ks= esa vf/kd rjy fuos'k fodYi çnku djrs gSaA
• dsaæh; ctV 2025&26 esa dh xbZ ?kks"k.kk,a tSls fdQk;rh vkSj e/;e vk; vkokl ds fy, fo'ks"k foaMks
¼SWAMIH½ QaM II] 'kgjh pqukSrh fuf/k vkSj jk"Vªh; Hkw&LFkkfud fe'ku vkokl {ks= ds fy, vR;ko';d volj
çnku djsaxsA

******************

87
vuqca/k

89
 vuqca/k I: ,u,pch jsthMsDl
flracj 2024 dks lekIr frekgh gsrq ,pihvkbZ@vkdyu ewY;
'kgj dk uke lwpdkad frekgh&nj&frekgh o"kZ&
nj&
o"kZ
flra fnla & ekpZ & Tkwu & flra & fnla ekpZ Twku flra flra
& 23 23 24 24 24 & 23 & 24 & 24 & 24 & 24
cuke cuke cuke cuke cuke
flra & fnla & ekpZ & twu & flra &
23 23 24 24 23
vgenkckn 195 198 203 205 210 1.6% 2.7% 1.3% 2.2% 7.9%
csaxyq# 136 139 143 148 152 1.7% 3.2% 3.5% 2.4% 11.1%
fHkokM+h 109 111 113 115 116 1.3% 2.2% 1.5% 0.8% 5.9%
Hkksiky 110 110 113 117 121 -0.7% 3.1% 3.4% 3.2% 9.2%
Hkqous'oj 167 169 177 185 193 1.2% 5.0% 4.6% 4.2% 15.8%
fc/kku uxj ¼jktjgkV
118 119 121 125 130 0.7% 1.2% 3.7% 3.7% 9.6%
dks NksM+dj½
pkdu 109 111 112 111 112 1.6% 0.5% -0.2% 0.5% 2.5%
paMhx<+ ¼VªkbflVh½ 140 150 154 156 166 6.7% 3.0% 1.2% 6.4% 18.2%
psUubZ 120 123 126 130 132 2.2% 2.1% 3.1% 1.7% 9.4%
dks;acVwj 127 128 134 142 150 1.3% 4.1% 6.3% 5.9% 18.7%
nsgjknwu 131 133 137 141 145 2.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.4% 10.8%
fnYyh 102 103 101 102 103 0.5% -1.2% 1.0% 0.2% 0.4%
Qjhnkckn 117 122 128 131 135 4.2% 5.5% 2.0% 3.1% 15.5%
xka/khuxj 210 213 221 231 233 1.2% 3.8% 4.3% 0.9% 10.6%
xkft;kckn 123 126 130 134 139 2.6% 2.9% 3.1% 3.5% 12.7%
xzsVj uks,Mk 149 153 161 170 179 3.1% 5.0% 5.8% 5.3% 20.7%
xq#xzke 136 143 153 166 178 4.8% 7.3% 8.6% 7.3% 30.9%
xqokgkVh 161 162 162 165 167 0.8% 0.3% 1.5% 1.2% 3.9%
gkoM+k 104 105 104 107 103 0.9% -0.4% 2.6% -3.8% -0.8%
gSnjkckn 180 183 187 191 192 1.5% 2.1% 2.4% 0.5% 6.7%
bankSj 133 132 135 136 139 -0.8% 1.9% 1.3% 2.2% 4.7%
t;iqj 128 130 131 134 136 1.6% 1.3% 2.1% 1.6% 6.8%
dY;k.k Mksafcoyh 120 122 125 127 128 1.5% 2.3% 1.5% 0.9% 6.3%
dkuiqj 125 126 127 130 134 0.9% 1.2% 2.1% 3.2% 7.5%
dksfPp 132 129 131 137 137 -2.1% 1.5% 4.5% 0.0% 3.7%
dksydkrk 135 136 137 142 143 0.5% 0.8% 3.7% 0.9% 6.1%
y[kuÅ 128 130 133 136 141 2.3% 1.9% 2.7% 3.3% 10.5%

90
'kgj dk uke lwpdkad frekgh&nj&frekgh o"kZ&
nj&
o"kZ
flra fnla & ekpZ & Tkwu & flra & fnla ekpZ Twku flra flra
& 23 23 24 24 24 & 23 & 24 & 24 & 24 & 24
cuke cuke cuke cuke cuke
flra & fnla & ekpZ & twu & flra &
23 23 24 24 23
yqf/k;kuk 108 113 110 112 111 4.4% -2.5% 2.0% -0.8% 2.9%
esjB 131 131 133 138 138 0.4% 1.8% 3.7% -0.2% 5.7%
ehjk Hkk;anj 124 126 130 133 136 1.5% 3.2% 2.5% 2.0% 9.5%
eqacbZ 113 113 115 116 117 0.4% 1.6% 1.3% 0.7% 4.0%
ukxiqj 110 112 112 115 116 2.2% -0.1% 2.3% 0.8% 5.3%
ukfld 116 118 120 122 123 1.7% 2.2% 1.2% 1.3% 6.6%
uoh eqacbZ 96 96 93 100 107 0.4% -3.6% 7.7% 6.5% 11.1%
U;w Vkmu dksydkrk 137 142 149 153 156 3.9% 4.7% 2.4% 2.0% 13.7%
uks,Mk 125 131 137 145 152 5.1% 4.6% 5.4% 5.2% 21.9%
iuosy 133 136 142 147 151 2.8% 4.2% 3.3% 3.1% 14.0%
iVuk 159 165 166 169 173 3.9% 0.7% 1.7% 2.1% 8.7%
fiaijh fpapokM+ 107 108 110 111 113 1.1% 1.8% 1.0% 1.4% 5.5%
iq.ks 125 126 129 131 132 0.8% 2.3% 1.7% 1.2% 6.2%
jk;iqj 113 112 113 115 118 -1.5% 1.3% 1.4% 2.7% 3.9%
jktdksV 117 117 117 118 118 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 1.0%
jkaph 138 140 141 143 145 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% 1.4% 4.7%
lwjr 148 150 154 156 158 1.5% 2.6% 1.5% 1.2% 7.0%
Bk.ks 119 119 122 124 126 0.6% 2.5% 1.7% 1.2% 6.0%
fr#ouariqje 154 157 156 157 154 2.2% -0.4% 0.5% -2.2% 0.0%
oMksnjk 161 162 163 164 165 1.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.6% 2.5%
olbZ fojkj 116 116 118 121 127 0.1% 1.7% 2.8% 4.4% 9.2%
fot;okM+k 107 107 109 110 112 0.1% 1.7% 1.2% 1.9% 5.1%
fo'kk[kkiRue 142 144 144 146 147 1.5% -0.1% 1.1% 0.6% 3.1%
pkj frekgh vkSlr ewY; fopyu ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj

91
flracj 24 dks lekIr frekgh gsrq fuekZ.kk/khu laifÙk;ksa gsrq ,pihvkbZ@cktkj ewY;
'kgj dk uke lwpdkad frekgh&nj&frekgh
o"kZ&
nj&
o"kZ
flra fnla ekpZ & Tkwu & flra & fnla & ekpZ Twku & flra & flra
& 23 & 23 24 24 24 23 cuke & 24 24 cuke 24 cuke & 24
flra & cuke ekpZ & twu & cuke
23 fnla & 24 24 flra &
23 23
vgenkckn 122 123 125 130 133 0.4% 1.9% 3.4% 2.9% 8.8%
csaxyq# 143 153 162 174 185 7.0% 6.0% 7.0% 6.1% 28.9%
fHkokM+h 139 133 124 121 115 -4.7% -6.6% -2.4% -4.8% -17.3%
Hkksiky 147 152 156 160 161 3.2% 2.8% 2.1% 0.5% 8.9%
Hkqous'oj 196 208 215 218 217 6.3% 3.2% 1.7% -0.6% 10.9%
fc/kku uxj ¼jktjgkV
125 130 134 136 137 4.1% 2.7% 1.7% 0.6% 9.4%
dks NksM+dj½
pkdu 105 106 107 109 112 1.3% 0.5% 2.1% 2.3% 6.3%
paMhx<+ ¼VªkbflVh½ 146 150 154 157 158 2.9% 2.5% 2.1% 1.1% 8.8%
psUubZ 106 105 105 103 102 -0.6% -0.7% -1.6% -0.6% -3.4%
dks;acVwj 118 120 122 124 125 1.4% 1.8% 1.5% 0.8% 5.6%
nsgjknwu 123 138 164 181 213 12.6% 18.6% 9.9% 18.0% 73.2%
fnYyh 125 127 128 131 134 1.0% 1.1% 2.3% 2.3% 6.9%
Qjhnkckn 102 106 110 113 116 4.3% 3.4% 3.2% 2.7% 14.3%
xka/khuxj 133 131 132 133 137 -1.8% 0.9% 0.4% 3.6% 3.1%
xkft;kckn 171 179 193 211 228 4.5% 8.1% 9.2% 8.0% 33.2%
xzsVj uks,Mk 169 178 190 205 220 5.3% 6.5% 7.9% 7.3% 29.8%
xq#xzke 145 154 169 195 216 6.1% 10.1% 15.1% 11.0% 49.1%
xqokgkVh 148 151 152 150 153 1.7% 1.1% -1.6% 2.1% 3.2%
gkoM+k 125 126 127 127 127 0.9% 0.8% -0.1% -0.5% 1.1%
gSnjkckn 162 165 168 169 168 1.8% 1.6% 0.7% -0.5% 3.7%
bankSj 130 137 141 149 151 4.9% 2.9% 6.1% 1.2% 15.9%
t;iqj 118 123 135 145 158 3.7% 9.6% 7.6% 9.0% 33.2%
dY;k.k Mksafcoyh 121 123 124 125 125 1.5% 1.1% 0.8% 0.3% 3.7%
dkuiqj 117 138 143 151 157 17.9% 3.8% 5.7% 4.1% 34.7%
dksfPp 105 102 103 105 108 -2.1% 0.6% 2.3% 2.7% 3.4%
dksydkrk 147 150 151 151 150 2.0% 0.8% 0.1% -0.7% 2.2%
y[kuÅ 162 157 156 156 173 -2.8% -0.4% -0.2% 10.8% 7.1%

92
'kgj dk uke lwpdkad frekgh&nj&frekgh
o"kZ&
nj&
o"kZ
flra fnla ekpZ & Tkwu & flra & fnla & ekpZ Twku & flra & flra
& 23 & 23 24 24 24 23 cuke & 24 24 cuke 24 cuke & 24
flra & cuke ekpZ & twu & cuke
23 fnla & 24 24 flra &
23 23
yqf/k;kuk 123 126 129 126 144 3.0% 2.3% -2.9% 14.6% 17.3%
esjB 137 142 145 145 145 4.3% 1.9% 0.1% -0.5% 5.9%
ehjk Hkk;anj 129 131 133 135 137 1.7% 1.5% 1.5% 1.1% 6.0%
eqacbZ 105 108 110 112 114 2.5% 2.0% 1.9% 0.9% 7.6%
ukxiqj 122 124 125 126 130 1.4% 0.8% 1.1% 3.0% 6.4%
ukfld 113 113 115 116 118 0.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.6% 4.2%
uoh eqacbZ 132 135 140 143 147 2.7% 3.1% 2.5% 2.7% 11.4%
U;w Vkmu dksydkrk 169 173 174 174 174 2.7% 0.7% -0.4% 0.1% 3.2%
uks,Mk 144 153 167 180 195 6.2% 8.8% 7.9% 8.2% 35.0%
iuosy 106 110 114 119 121 3.4% 4.0% 3.8% 2.2% 14.1%
iVuk 191 200 207 218 226 4.4% 3.4% 5.5% 3.8% 18.3%
fiaijh fpapokM+ 106 107 109 111 112 1.1% 1.7% 1.7% 1.0% 5.6%
iq.ks 115 117 118 120 119 1.3% 1.4% 1.0% -0.5% 3.3%
jk;iqj 140 144 148 151 154 3.1% 2.7% 1.9% 1.6% 9.6%
jktdksV 102 103 108 111 113 0.7% 4.6% 3.5% 1.8% 10.9%
jkaph 114 117 123 137 143 2.5% 4.9% 11.2% 4.6% 25.0%
lwjr 111 113 114 116 119 1.7% 1.7% 1.5% 2.0% 7.2%
Bk.ks 110 113 117 121 124 3.0% 3.0% 3.4% 2.7% 12.6%
fr#ouariqje 117 117 118 120 123 -0.2% 0.8% 1.9% 2.0% 4.6%
oMksnjk 127 130 134 139 143 2.6% 2.7% 3.4% 3.5% 12.9%
olbZ fojkj 126 127 128 129 130 1.1% 0.5% 1.1% 0.6% 3.4%
fot;okM+k 117 117 117 104 99 -0.3% -0.1% -11.3% -4.4% -15.6%
fo'kk[kkiRue 160 163 165 167 165 1.9% 1.2% 1.3% -1.3% 3.0%
pkj frekgh vkSlr ewY; fopyu ds vk/kkj ij rS;kj

93
 vuqca/k II % ;Fkk 31 ekpZ] 2024 ¼,pMh,Qlh dks NksM+dj½ ds lkFk
fiNys o"kksZa ds nkSjku vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa dk foÙkh; dk;Z&fu"iknu
d- vk-fo-da- ds çeq[k foÙkh; ladsrd
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½

;Fkk dks cdk;k çfr'kr varj ¼o"kZ&nj&o"kZ½

fooj.k
ekpZ & 22 ekpZ & 23 ekpZ & 24 2022&23 2023&24
pqdrk iwath 40,357 42,805 45,260 6.07 5.74
fuckaZ/k vkjf{kr fuf/k;ka 2,24,698 2,55,225 1,47,737 13.59 -42.11
fuoy Lokf/k—r fuf/k ¼,uvks,Q½ 2,04,466 2,49,634 1,58,841 22.09 -36.37
lkoZtfud tek,a 1,25,236 1,35,183 24,764 7.94 -81.68
vkokl _.k 9,36,937 10,48,103 6,82,455 11.86 -34.89
dqy _.k vkSj vfxze 13,42,112 14,57,961 9,57,664 8.63 -34.31
cdk;k dqy _.kksa ds lkis{k th,uih, ¼%½ 3.97% 2.34% 2.32% -163 chih,l -2 chih,l
cdk;k dqy _.kksa ds lkis{k ,u,uih, ¼%½ 1.76% 1.22% 1.18% -54 chih,l -4 chih,l

[k- vk-fo-da dk dk;Z&fu"iknu&ifCyd fyfeVsM vkSj çkbosV fyfeVsM

¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024
fooj.k ifCyd çkbosV dqy ifCyd çkbosV dqy ifCyd çkbosV dqy
fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM fyfeVsM
pqdrk iwath 38,577 1,780 40,357 40,905 1,900 42,805 43,153 2,107 45,260
fuckaZ/k vkjf{kr
2,23,670 1,028 2,24,698 2,53,880 1,345 2,55,225 1,45,726 2,011 1,47,737
fuf/k;ka
fuoy Lokf/k—r
2,01,717 2,749 2,04,466 2,46,527 3,107 2,49,634 1,55,089 3,752 1,58,841
fuf/k ¼,uvks,Q½
lkoZtfud tek,a 1,25,236 0 1,25,236 1,35,183 0 1,35,183 24,764 0 24,764
vkokl _.k 9,33,070 3,867 9,36,937 10,43,119 4,984 10,48,103 6,75,489 6,965 6,82,455

94
x- lkoZtfud tek,a Lohdkj djus ,oa lkoZtfud tek,a Lohdkj u djus okyh vk-fo-da- dh
dk;Z&fu"ikndrk
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024

tek u Lohdkj djus

tek u Lohdkj djus

tek u Lohdkj djus

tek Lohdkj djus

tek Lohdkj djus

tek Lohdkj djus

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-

okyh vk-fo-da-
fooj.k
okyh vk-fo-da-

dqy

dqy

dqy
pqdrk iwath 4,309 36,047 40,357 4,417 38,387 42,805 4,131 41,129 45,260
fuckaZ/k vkjf{kr
1,75,126 49,572 2,24,698 1,93,564 61,661 2,55,225 70,957 76,780 1,47,737
fuf/k;ka
fuoy Lokf/k—r
1,52,462 52,004 2,04,466 1,73,185 76,449 2,49,634 71,157 87,684 1,58,841
fuf/k ¼,uvks,Q½
lkoZtfud tek,a 1,25,236 0 1,25,236 1,35,183 0 1,35,183 24,764 0 24,764
vkokl _.k 7,34,096 2,02,841 9,36,937 8,16,051 2,32,053 10,48,103 4,03,943 2,78,512 6,82,455

?k- vuqlwfpr okf.kfT;d cSadksa vkSj cgq&jkT; lgdkjh cSadksa vkSj vU; }kjk çk;ksftr vk-fo-da-
dk dk;Z&fu"iknu
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024

fooj.k
çk;ksftr

çk;ksftr

çk;ksftr

çk;ksftr

çk;ksftr

çk;ksftr
dqy

dqy

dqy
xSj

xSj

xSj

pqdrk iwath 1,392 38,965 40,357 1,497 41,308 42,805 1,577 43,683 45,260
fuckaZ/k vkjf{kr
15,994 2,08,704 2,24,698 17,976 2,37,249 2,55,225 23,447 1,24,290 1,47,737
fuf/k;ka
fuoy Lokf/k—r
15,119 1,89,347 2,04,466 17,591 2,32,043 2,49,634 23,246 1,35,596 1,58,841
fuf/k ¼,uvks,Q½
lkoZtfud tek,a 18,071 1,07,165 1,25,236 18,359 1,16,825 1,35,183 18,465 6,299 24,764
vkokl _.k 83,873 8,53,064 9,36,937 91,861 9,56,242 10,48,103 1,02,030 5,80,424 6,82,455

M- vk-fo-da- }kjk cdk;k _.k dh ço`fÙk

¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
fooj.k ;Fkk dks cdk;k dqy m/kkj esa m/kkj dh çR;sd Js.kh
dk % 'ks;j
ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24 ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24

lkoZtfud tek,a 1,25,236 1,35,183 24,764 10.61% 10.71% 3.02%

jk-vk-cSad ls _.k 59,551 67,270 68,341 5.04% 5.33% 8.35%

cSad ls _.k 3,74,803 4,18,541 3,63,598 31.75% 33.17% 44.40%

fons'kh _.k 20,942 4,412 2,179 1.77% 0.35% 0.27%

95
fooj.k ;Fkk dks cdk;k dqy m/kkj esa m/kkj dh çR;sd Js.kh
dk % 'ks;j
ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24 ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24

okf.kfT;d i= 50,216 61,847 30,975 4.25% 4.90% 3.78%

vU; _.k 1,93,387 1,27,505 73,006 16.38% 10.10% 8.91%

cSadksa }kjk lClØkbc fMcsapj 1,04,131 2,15,466 1,09,281 8.82% 17.07% 13.34%

vU; }kjk lClØkbc fMcsapj 2,52,190 2,31,696 1,46,772 21.36% 18.36% 17.92%

dqy fMcsapj 3,56,320 4,47,163 2,56,053 30.18% 35.44% 31.27%

dqy _.k 11,80,454 12,61,921 8,18,916 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

p- vk-fo-da- ds cdk;k _.k ,oa vfxze vkSj fuos'k dh ço`fÙk

¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
fooj.k ;Fkk dks cdk;k dqy dk % 'ks;j
ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24 ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24
1- _.k vkSj vfxze 13,42,112 14,57,961 9,57,664 92.77% 91.18% 95.72%
d½ vkokl _.k 9,36,937 10,48,103 6,82,455 64.76% 65.55% 68.21%
ftuesa ls oS;fädksa dks
8,06,443 9,30,191 5,96,989 55.74% 58.17% 59.67%
vkokl _.k
[k½ vU; _.k vkSj vfxze 4,05,175 4,09,858 2,75,209 28.01% 25.63% 27.51%
2- fuos'k 1,04,625 1,41,089 42,797 7.23% 8.82% 4.28%
3- dqy (1+ 2) 14,46,737 15,99,050 10,00,461 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

N- vk-fo-da- ds cdk;k vkokl _.k vkSj dqy _.k dh ço`fÙk

¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½

;Fkk dks cdk;k

fooj.k
ekpZ&22 ekpZ&23 ekpZ&24
vkokl _.k 9,36,937 10,48,103 6,82,455
oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.k 8,06,443 9,30,191 5,96,989
dqy _.k vkSj vfxze 13,42,112 14,57,961 9,57,664
dqy _.k vkSj vfxze ds lkis{k vkokl _.k 69.81% 71.89% 71.26%

96
t- vk-fo-da- ds vkokl _.kksa ds m/kkjdrkZvksa dh Js.kh&okj laforj.k dh ço`fÙk
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
dqy vkokl _.k laforj.k ds
foÙk o"kZ ds nkSjku laforj.k o`f)
fooj.k % ds :i esa 'ks;j
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2022-23 2023-24
oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.k 2,59,270 3,08,621 1,83,233 91.17% 91.79% 88.58% 19.03% -40.63%
Hkou&fuekZrkvksa dks vkokl
22,953 25,697 21,148 8.07% 7.64% 10.22% 11.95% -17.70%
_.k
fuxfer fudk;ksa vkSj vU;
2,162 1,906 2,485 0.76% 0.57% 1.20% -11.84% 30.38%
dks vkokl _.k
dqy 2,84,385 3,36,224 2,06,866 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 18.23% -38.47%

>- vk-fo-da- }kjk oS;fädksa dks dqy vkokl _.k laforj.k dh ço`fÙk
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
_.k vkdkj foÙk o"kZ ds nkSjku laforj.k dqy vkbZ,p,y laforj.k ds % ds
:i esa [kaM&okj 'ks;j
2020-21 2022-23 2023-24 2020-21 2022-23 2023-24
₹2 yk[k rd 1,157 1,712 682 0.23% 0.55% 0.37%
> ₹2 yk[k vkSj ₹5 yk[k rd 2,294 3,543 4,108 0.46% 1.15% 2.24%
> ₹5 yk[k vkSj ₹10 yk[k rd 14,614 16,756 15,100 2.94% 5.43% 8.24%
₹10 yk[k rd 18,065 22,011 19,890 3.63% 7.13% 10.85%
> ₹10 yk[k vkSj ₹15 yk[k rd 48,577 23,337 20,122 9.77% 7.56% 10.98%
> ₹15 yk[k vkSj ₹25 yk[k rd 1,71,124 51,467 36,791 34.43% 16.68% 20.08%
> ₹ 25 yk[k 2,59,270 2,11,805 1,06,432 52.16% 68.63% 58.08%
dqy 4,97,036 3,08,620 1,83,235 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

¥- vkokl foÙk daifu;ksa }kjk oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.k ds mís';&okj laforj.k dh ço`fÙk
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
u;s vkokl mUu;u ekStwnk vkokl
LySc
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
₹2 yk[k rd 1,037 1,164 231 102 358 444 18 190 7
> ₹2 yk[k vkSj
1,300 2,098 1,969 785 1,168 1,960 208 277 178
₹5 yk[k rd
> ₹5 yk[k vkSj
9,284 10,860 9,848 2,795 3,078 3,169 2,535 2,818 2,083
₹10 yk[k rd
> ₹10 yk[k vkSj
13,600 14,661 13,011 2,477 2,591 2,252 5,428 6,085 4,859
₹15 yk[k rd
> ₹15 yk[k vkSj
30,145 31,691 22,449 2,925 3,062 2,681 15,506 16,714 11,661
₹25 yk[k rd
> ₹ 25 yk[k 1,03,731 1,29,482 64,928 2,595 3,079 2,195 64,798 79,244 39,309
dqy 1,59,097 1,89,956 1,12,437 11,679 13,336 12,700 88,494 1,05,328 58,097

97
vuqca/k III% vk-fo-da- }kjk jkT;@dsaæ 'kkflr çns'kokj oS;fädksa dks vkokl _.k dk laforj.k
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
jkT; foÙk o"kZ 2023&24 ds nkSjku laforj.k
'kgjh xzkeh.k dqy
vaMeku o uhdksckj }hi lewg - - -
vka/kz çns'k 6,875.16 1,884.23 8,759.39
v#.kkpy çns'k 2.37 9.54 11.91
vle 400.01 10.19 410.20
fcgkj 1,108.01 32.18 1,140.19
paMhx<+ 580.45 36.98 617.44
NÙkhlx<+ 1,551.31 133.00 1,684.30
nknjk vkSj uxj gosyh ,oa neu vkSj nho 13.62 0.44 14.06
fnYyh 10,589.22 188.46 10,777.68
xksok 79.87 22.56 102.42
xqtjkr 9,230.71 1,296.34 10,527.05
gfj;k.kk 4,902.36 316.35 5,218.71
fgekpy çns'k 36.71 7.32 44.03
tEew vkSj d'ehj 14.69 0.10 14.79
>kj[kaM 759.66 19.92 779.58
dukZVd 20,884.13 2,432.54 23,316.67
dsjy 1,824.70 362.74 2,187.44
yík[k - - -
y{k}hi - - -
e/; çns'k 8,676.52 1,891.11 10,567.63
egkjk"Vª 28,378.39 2,297.91 30,676.31
ef.kiqj 2.32 0.82 3.14
es?kky; - - -
fetksje - - -
ukxkySaM 0.15 - 0.15
vksfM'kk 1,521.19 71.49 1,592.68
iqnqpsjh 151.16 15.54 166.70
iatkc 2,643.18 269.57 2,912.74
jktLFkku 9,905.11 2,006.55 11,911.66
flfDde 141.76 - 141.76
rfeyukMq 12,829.76 3,602.65 16,432.41
rsyaxkuk 20,090.11 1,555.05 21,645.16
f=iqjk 59.13 - 59.13
mÙkj çns'k 15,189.01 886.35 16,075.35
mÙkjk[kaM 2,244.09 355.84 2,599.93
if'pe caxky 2,729.01 113.31 2,842.32
dqy 1,63,413.87 19,819.08 1,83,232.96

98
 vuqca/k IV% ,lh,p,Q }kjk laforfjr vkokl _.k vkSj fufeZr bdkbZ;k¡
¼jkf'k djksM+ ₹ esa½
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
jkT; fufeZr @foÙkiksf"kr fufeZr @foÙkiksf"kr fufeZr @foÙkiksf"kr
jkf’k jkf’k jkf'k
bdkbZ;k¡ bdkbZ;k¡ bdkbZ;k¡
vka/kz çns'k ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha
vle - - - - ykxw ugha ykxw ugha
fcgkj 6 1.27 6 2.20 9 2.37

paMhx<+ - - - - ykxw ugha ykxw ugha

NÙkhlx< - - - - ykxw ugha ykxw ugha
fnYyh 175 53.77 155 46.60 140 42.20

xksok 23 3.38 13 2.96 ykxw ugha 2.96

xqtjkr - - - - - -

gfj;k.kk - - ykxw ugha ykxw ugha - -

fgekpy çns'k 10 1.06 4 ykxw ugha 7 ykxw ugha

tEew vkSj d'ehj ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha
dukZVd 19 1.40 16 1.81 16 1.53

dsjy 1039 56.14 1091 62.66 2223 57.59

e/; çns'k - - - - - -

egkjk"Vª - - - - - -

ef.kiqj - - ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha

es?kky; - - ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha ykxw ugha
vksfM'kk - - - - - -

iqnqpsjh 13 2.87 15 1.49 9 1.11

iatkc ykxw ugha ykxw ugha - - ykxw ugha ykxw ugha

jktLFkku 2 0.43 5 0.63 5 0.69

rfeyukMq 265 ykxw ugha 20 ykxw ugha 45 ykxw ugha

rsyaxkuk 35 3.28 ykxw ugha ykxw ugha 13 2.63

mRrj izns'k - - - - - -

if'pe caxky 41 4.30 46 5.78 51 5.71

dqy 1628 127.90 1371 124.13 2518 116.78

******************

99
uksV~l

100
REPORT ON TREND & PROGRESS
OF HOUSING IN INDIA
2024

101
 Table of Contents

Chapters

Particulars Page No.

Chapter 1: An Overview of Global & Domestic Economy and Housing Sector 113
1.1 Global Economy and Housing Scenario 115
1.2 Indian Economy and Housing Scenario 116
1.3 Refinance Support by National Housing Bank 118
1.4 Housing Prices in India – NHB RESIDEX 120
1.5 Role of National Housing Bank 121

Chapter 2: Housing in India 127

2.1 Introduction 129
2.2 Housing Initiatives 129
2.3 Progress of Housing Schemes 130
2.4 Role of National Housing Bank in “Housing For All” Mission 139
2.5 Urban Infrastructure Development Fund 143
2.6 Affordable Rental Housing Complexes (ARHCs) for Urban Migrants/Poor 145
2.7 Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (GHTC-India) 146
2.8 Green Housing – A Way Forward 146
2.9 Go-Green Initiative of National Housing Bank 147
2.10 Research Studies 148

Chapter 3: Operations and Performance of PLIs in Housing Finance 155

3.1 Housing Sector 157
3.2 Credit Flow to Housing Sector by Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) 159
3.3 Ratio of IHL Outstanding to Gross State Domestic Product as on September 2024 163
3.4 State-wise Performance of Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) in Outstanding Individual Housing 164
Loans (IHL)
3.5 State-wise Performance of Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) in Disbursement of Individual 165
Housing Loans (IHL)
3.6 Performance of Housing Finance Companies 167
3.7 Financial Profile of HFCs 168
3.8 Borrowing Profile of HFCs 171
3.9 Public Deposits with HFCs 173
3.10 Assets Profile of HFCs 174
3.11 Co-operative Sector Institutions in Housing Finance 178

Chapter 4: Developments in Supervision of Housing Finance Companies 179

4.1 Supervision 181
4.2 Supervisory Circulars 182
4.3 Coordination with Other Regulatory Bodies 182
4.4 Capacity Building Events 183
4.5 Forward looking Initiatives 183

104
Particulars Page No.

Chapter 5: Outlook 185

5.1 Economic Outlook 187
5.2 Housing Landscape 187
5.3 Path Ahead for Housing Sector: Towards a Viksit Bharat 189

Appendices

Appendix I: NHB RESIDEX 194

Appendix II: Financial performance of all Housing Finance Companies as on March 31, 2024 vis-à-vis 198
previous years
Appendix III: State / UT wise Disbursement of Individual Housing Loans by HFCs 202
Appendix IV: Housing Loan Disbursed and Units Constructed by ACHFs 203

Tables

Table 3.1: Individual Housing Loan Outstanding and Disbursement by PLIs 159
Table 3.2: Rural Share in Individual Housing Loan by PLIs 160
Table 3.3: Region-wise Individual Housing Loan Outstanding & Disbursement by PLIs 161
Table 3.4: State-wise - Individual Housing Loan – Outstanding 164
Table 3.5: All India - Individual Housing Loan - Cumulative Disbursement 166
Table 3.6: Key Financial Indicators of HFCs 167
Table 3.7: Performance of HFCs- Public Ltd. and Private Ltd. 169
Table 3.8: Performance of HFCs- Public Deposit Accepting and Non-Accepting 170
Table 3.9: Performance of HFCs-Sponsored by the Scheduled Commercial Banks and Multi-State 170
Co-operative Banks and Others
Table 3.10: Trend in Outstanding Borrowings by HFCs 171
Table 3.11: Trend in Outstanding Loans and Advances and Investments of HFCs 172
Table 3.12: Trend in Slab Wise Housing Loans Disbursements to Individuals by HFCs 175
Table 3.13: Purpose-wise Disbursement of Housing Loans to Individuals by HFCs for the last 3 years 176
Table 3.14: Trend in Borrowers’ Type-Wise Disbursements of Housing Loans of HFCs 178

Graphs

Graph 1.1: Real Residential Property Prices (Y-o-Y) change in percentage 116
Graph 1.2: Outstanding Individual Housing Loan Portfolio of Primary Lending Institutions (₹ in crore) 117
Graph 1.3: Percentage share of Income Segmentation wise IHL Outstanding of HFCs as on September 118
2024
Graph 1.4: Movement of HPI @ Assessment Price 120
Graph 1.5: Movement of HPI @ Market Price for Under Construction Properties 121
Graph 2.1: Year-Wise Progress of PMAY-G 130
Graph 2.2: State Wise Progress of PMAY- G 131

105
Particulars Page No.

Graph 2.3: State Wise Progress of PMAY- U 135

Graph 2.4: Verticals of PMAY(U) Progress 136
Graph 2.5: Beneficiaries and Interest Subsidy under CLSS 137
Graph 2.6: Subsidy Disbursement under PMAY-CLSS(U) 139
Graph 2.7: State-wise distribution of PMAY-CLSS for EWS/LIG Cumulative Subsidy Disbursement by 140
NHB
Graph 2.8: State-wise distribution of PMAY-CLSS for MIG Cumulative Subsidy Disbursement by NHB 141
Graph 3.1: Outstanding Individual Home Loans of SCBs and HFCs 158
Graph 3.2: Percentage Share of Outstanding Housing Loans in Total Outstanding Loans (SCBs) 158
Graph 3.3: Outstanding Individual Housing Loan of HFCs (Amount in ₹lakh crore) 159
Graph 3.4: Number of branches of HFCs and Category of HFCs 167
Graph 3.5: State/UT wise Distribution of Branches/Offices of HFCs for the last 2 years 168
Graph 3.6: Resources mobilized by HFCs (at end-March) (% Share) 172
Graph 3.7: Trend in HFCs’ Size-wise Public Deposits for the last 3 years (% Share) 173
Graph 3.8: Trend in HFCs’ Interest Rate-wise Public Deposits for the last 3 years (% Share) 174
Graph 3.9: Trend in HFCs’ Maturity-wise Public Deposits for the last 3 years (% Share) 174
Graph 3.10: Trend in Outstanding Loans and Advances and Investments of HFCs (% Share) 175
Graph 3.11: Residual Maturity Pattern of IHL Disbursements of HFCs during FY 2024 (% Share) 176
Graph 3.12: Purpose-wise Trend in IHL disbursements 177
Graph 5.1: Quarter-Wise Individual Home Loan Disbursement by PLIs (Amount in ₹ crore) 188

Boxes

Box 1.1: Income Group wise Analysis of IHL Outstanding and Disbursement for HFCs 119
Box 1.2: Union Budget Announcements on Housing Sector & Urban Development 123
Box 2.1: Evaluation of CSS Scheme – Rural Development Sector in respect of PMAY-G by NITI Aayog 132
Box 2.2: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0 137
Box 2.3: Housing, Satisfaction and Livelihood- An Impact Assessment of PMAY-U in two States 142
Box 2.4: Progress and Achievements of AMRUT and Smart Cities Mission 144
Box 2.5: Summary of Major Findings of the Research Report funded by NHB to Indian Institute of 148
Management (IIMs)
Box 3.1: Regional Disparity in Housing Finance 161
Box 3.2: Performance Highlights of Registered HFCs 169
Box 5.1: Thematic Study on Housing Finance Companies 189
Box 5.2: Positive Trends in Banking Sector – Supporting India’s Growth Aspirations and Housing Demand 189
Box 5.3: Challenges and Opportunities for Housing Sector 191

106
 Abbreviations

AE Advanced Economies
AFD-France Agence Française de Développement
AHF Affordable Housing Fund
AHP Affordable Housing in Partnership
AKAM Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav
AML Anti Money Laundering
AMRUT Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
ARHC Affordable Rental Housing
ASCI Administrative Staff College of India
BLC Beneficiary-led Construction
BLE Beneficiary-led Enhancement
BMTPC Building Materials & Technology Promotion Council
CAMELS Capital Adequacy, Asset Quality, Management Aspects, Earnings, Liquidity and Systems & Control
CLAP Credit Linked Awas Portal
CLM Co-Lending Model
CLSS Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme
CNA Central Nodal Agencies
CoE Center of Excellence
COP Conference of the Parties
CoR Certificate of Registration
CPs Commercial Papers
CPI Consumer Price Index
CRaMIS Centralised Reporting & Management Information System
CRAR Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio
CRGFTLIH Credit Risk Guarantee Fund Trust for Low Income Housing
CSS Centrally Sponsored Schemes
CTR Cash Transaction Report
DAY-NRLM Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission
DBT Direct Benefit Transfer
DFID-UK Department for International Development
DHP Demonstration Housing Projects
DMEO Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office
DoS Department of Supervision
DPR Detailed Project Report
DQI Data Quality Index
EMDE Emerging Markets and Developing Economy
EME Emerging Market Economies
EMI Equated Monthly Instalment
EWG Early Warning Group
EWS Economically Weaker section

107
FAR Floor Area Ratio
FGD Focus Group Discussions
FIU-IND Financial Intelligence Unit-India
FSDC Financial Stability and Development Council
FSI Floor Space Index
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GFCF Gross fixed capital formation
GHG Green House Gases
GHTC Global Housing Technology Challenge
GIS Geographic Information System
GNPA Gross Non-Performing Asset
GoI Government of India
GRD Grievance Redressal Department
GSDP Gross State Domestic Product
GST Goods and Services Tax
GVA Gross value-added
KFW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau
KYC Know Your Customer
HFC Housing Finance Company
HFR Housing Finance Repository
HPI House Price Index
HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation
IAY Indira Awas Yojana
IBC Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
ICAI Institute of Chartered Accountants of India
IHL Individual Housing Loans
IIMs Indian Institute of Management
IMF International Monetary Fund
IRDA Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority
ISS Interest Subsidy Scheme
ISSR In-situ Slum Redevelopment
LHP Light House Projects
LIFt Liquidity Infusion Facility
LIG Lower Income Group
LTCG Long-Term Capital Gain
LTV Loan to Value
MGNREGS Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
MIG Middle Income Group
MIS Management Information System
MLIs Member Lending Institutions
MoHUA Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
MoRD Ministry of Rural Development
MoU Memorandum of Understanding

108
MSCB Multi-State Co-operative Banks
NBFC Non-Banking Financial Company
NBFC-MFI Non-Banking Financial Company- Micro Finance Institutions
NHB National Housing Bank
NIBM National Institute of Bank Management
NII Net Interest Income
NITI National Institution for Transforming India
NNEG No negative equity guaranty
NOF Net Owned Funds
NSAP National Social Assistance Programme
NUHHP National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy
OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
ORMIS Online Reporting Management Information System
OTP One Time Password
OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
PAHAL Pratyaksh Hanstantrit Labh
PAT Profit after Tax
PFCE Private final consumption expenditure
PLI Primary Lending Institution
PMAY(U) Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban)
PMGSY Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
PMLA Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002
PM SVANidhi Prime Minister Street Vendor's AtmaNirbhar Nidhi
PSB Public Sector Bank
PV Present Value
PVB Private Sector bank
Q-o-Q Quarter on Quarter
RAM Reverse Annuity Mortgage
RAY Rajiv Awas Yojana
RBI Reserve Bank of India
RBS Risk Based Supervision
REESI+E Relevance, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Sustainability, Impact and Equity.
REIT Real Estate Investment Trust
RERA Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act, 2016
RHISS Rural Housing Interest Subsidy Scheme
RIDF Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RMBS Residential mortgage-backed security
RO Regional Offices
RRB Regional Rural Bank
RRY Rajiv Rinn Yojana
SAR Special Administrative Region
SBI State Bank of India
SCB Scheduled Commercial Bank/ Supervisory Committee of the Board

109
SCM Smart Cities Mission
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SFB Small Finance Bank
SPMRM Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission
STP Sewerage Treatment Plant
STR Suspicious Transaction Report
SUNREF Sustainable Use of Natural Resources and Energy Facility
TDR Transferable Development Rights
TISM Technology & Innovation Sub-Mission
TOD Transit-Oriented Development
TSM Technology Sub-Mission
TOLIC Town Official Language Implementation Committee
UCB Urban Cooperative Bank
UIDF Urban Infrastructure Development Fund
ULBs Urban Local Bodies
UT Union Territory
VGF Viability Gap Funding
WG Working Group
WTP Water Treatment Capacity
XBRL eXtensible Business Reporting Language
Y-o-Y Year on Year
ZCB Zero-Coupon Bonds

110
 Executive Summary

The introductory chapter of this report provides an overview of global and domestic economic growth,
along with projected growth rates across various economies based on IMF assessments. Residential
sector expansion is attributed to the rapid pace of Government-led initiatives, integration of technology,
stable interest rates, sustainability through green construction practices and energy efficient designs,
co-living, among others. Additionally, this chapter discusses the trends in global housing prices and the
National Housing Bank’s housing price index in India, which encompasses 50 cities.
Chapter one further emphasizes the performance of the National Housing Bank during FY 2023-24 in
areas such as Supervision, Refinance, Promotion, and Development. Notably, the Bank’s in-house Hindi
publication, “Aawas Bharti,” was awarded the First Prize by the Town Official Language Implementation
Committee, Delhi for the year 2023.
In chapter two, the report highlights government initiatives and schemes such as the Pradhan Mantri
Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U), Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G), and the Rural Housing
Interest Subsidy Scheme (RHISS), which have significantly contributed to the sector’s development. The
report also outlines the role of NHB as the Central Nodal Agency for PMAY-CLSS and provides a state-
wise analysis of subsidies released by the Bank for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS), Low-Income
Groups (LIG), and Middle-Income Groups (MIG). Furthermore, the chapter discusses the objectives of
the Urban Infrastructure Development Fund (UIDF), including its sanctions and disbursements. NHB's
efforts in promoting affordable housing through innovative and sustainable housing technologies such
as green building material, smart home devices and energy efficient system are also highlighted.
Further, the report under Chapter three discusses the operations and performance of Primary Lending
Institutions (PLIs) in Housing Finance, presenting key metrics such as outstanding individual housing
loans, disbursements, rural composition, and geographical coverage. An analysis of the performance of
Housing Finance Companies over the last three years is furnished.
The fourth Chapter on Supervision of Housing Finance Companies highlights NHB's role in ensuring
compliance through on-site inspections and off-site surveillance mechanisms, risk based supervision of
HFCs and coordination with other Regulatory bodies.
The report concludes by presenting an outlook of the global and Indian economy and impact on the
housing sector. It also discusses trends in housing prices and role played by HFCs in Housing Finance.
Further, the report highlights that the Indian housing sector has rebounded significantly post-pandemic,
fuelled by changing buyer preferences and supportive financing, with housing loans constituting over
11 per cent of GDP. Initiatives such as PMAY 2.0, GST, RERA, steps to improve housing affordability,
address disparities, and boost urban infrastructure, aim towards long-term sectoral growth.

111
 CHAPTER 1
AN OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL &
DOMESTIC ECONOMY AND
HOUSING SECTOR
 Introductory Summary
Chapter 1
The global economy has shown resilience, supported by strong policy frameworks.
Inflation has decreased from its mid-2022 peak due to Central Banks' efforts and
is expected to decline further from 6.7 per cent in 2023 to 4.3 per cent by 2025.
Economic activity has increased in the US and several emerging markets, with global
growth projected at 3.2 per cent for 2024 and 2025. Advanced economies are
stabilizing at 1.8 per cent growth, while emerging markets are expected to sustain 4.2
per cent. Oil prices are forecasted to rise slightly in 2024, driven by production cuts,
while food prices may drop due to record-high grain production.
Housing demand continues to rise due to urbanization and population growth. Real
global house prices declined marginally (1 per cent) in Q1 2024, with variations across
regions. Advanced economies saw stability, with property prices rising in Australia and
the US but declining in Germany and France. In emerging markets, property prices fell
in Asia, notably in China and Hong Kong, but rose in regions like the Philippines.
India’s GDP growth moderated to 5.2 per cent in Q2FY25, driven by reduced
consumption and investment. While agriculture performed well due to favourable
monsoon conditions, manufacturing slowed due to muted domestic demand and
global challenges. The housing sector is growing due to government initiatives, stable
interest rates, and technology integration. Housing demand in Tier-II and Tier-III cities
is driven by affordability and infrastructure development.
NHB plays a critical role in providing refinance support to housing finance institutions.
NHB’s refinance disbursements focus on affordable housing, supporting economically
weaker sections (EWS) and middle-income groups.
The 50 city HPI based on valuation prices of properties (HPI @ Assessment Prices)
recorded an annual increase of 6.8 per cent during the Second Quarter of the fiscal
2025 as compared to 4.9 per cent a year ago.
NHB total assets stood at ₹1.12 lakh crore with Nil net NPA as on 30th June, 2024.
The outstanding refinance portfolio grew by 11 per cent over the previous financial
year. The Bank operationalised Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme with an
initial corpus of ₹10,000 crore under which the Bank sanctioned ₹2,967.97 crore and
disbursed ₹17.74 crore during FY 2023-24.
While global economic stability and falling inflation provide a positive outlook, the
housing sector remains pivotal in driving both investment and societal needs across
regions.

114
1.1 Global Economy and Housing Economies growth is projected to hold steady
Scenario at 1.8 per cent and 4.2 per cent respectively for
2024 and 2025.
The Global Economy has been resilient due to
strong policy frameworks in many countries. However, India’s GDP growth outlook is expected
Inflation has descended from its mid-2022 to moderate from 8.2 per cent in 2023 to 7.0 per
peak, due to the concerted efforts of Central cent in 2024 and 6.5 per cent in 2025 because
Banks. Economic activity has been strengthening pent-up demand accumulated during the
particularly in the United States and some pandemic has been exhausted, as the economy
emerging market and middle-income economies. reconnects with its potential. (Source: IMF, World
Economic Outlook, October 2024)
Global headline inflation is expected to fall from
an annual average of 6.7 per cent in 2023 to Housing Scenario
5.8 per cent in 2024 and 4.3 per cent in 2025, The residential sector remains a bright spot
with Advanced Economies returning to their across the globe as expanding world population
inflation targets sooner than Emerging Markets is becoming more urban and cities require more
and Developing Economies. homes and broader range of household types
Oil prices are expected to rise by 0.9 per cent in and sizes. Housing availability remains a critical
2024 to about $81 a barrel as production cuts by driver of housing demand due to the long-term
OPEC+ (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting structural trends like ageing populations, demand
Countries plus selected non-member countries, for education etc. Housing is an important
including Russia), sustained global oil demand component of investment, and in many countries
growth, and geopolitical tensions in the Middle housing makes up the largest component of
East offset strong non-OPEC+ supply growth. wealth.
Food prices are expected to decline by 5.2 per
cent in 2024 and by a further 4.5 per cent in 1.1.1 Global House Price Movement
2025 as global grain production is forecast to
In the first quarter of 2024, the global real
reach record highs in FY 2024–25.
house prices moderated by 1.0 per cent Y-o-Y,
IMF projects global growth to remain stable compared with 1.2 per cent in the last quarter
at 3.2 per cent in 2024 and 2025. Further, for of 2023. The quarter wise movement of global
Advanced Economies and Emerging Market house price index is depicted in (Graph 1.1).

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 Graph 1.1: Real Residential Property Prices (Y-o-Y) percentage change

Source: Banking for International Settlements

Note: The data represented above is for calendar year

The differences in change in property prices and 5 per cent in Portugal and increased more
persist across major economies. For Advanced moderately in Spain (+3 per cent). Prices were
Economies, the real residential property prices broadly stable in Italy and in the Netherlands
were almost stable with a 0.3 per cent Y-o-Y fall (both +1 per cent). In contrast, prices declined by
in Q1 2024. However, real prices were up by 6 7 per cent in France and 8 per cent in Germany.
per cent in Australia and 2 per cent in the United
States and were stable in Japan. 1.2 Indian Economy and Housing
Real residential property prices declined by 1.6 Scenario
per cent Y-o-Y in EMEs during the first quarter India’s GDP growth in the July-September quarter
of 2024, driven by the fall observed in Asia; in (Q2 of FY25) registered at 5.4 per cent, from 8.1
contrast, prices increased in all other regions. per cent in the same period last year and 6.7 per
Prices fell by 3.5 per cent on average in Asian cent in the April-June quarter (Q1 FY25).
economies, driven by a decline of 5 per cent in
China, 6 per cent in Korea and a substantial 13 per On the demand side, moderation in consumption
cent drop in Hong Kong Special Administrative and investment growth were a drag on GDP
Region (SAR). In contrast, prices increased by 3 growth. Private final consumption expenditure
per cent in the Philippines, and remained nearly (PFCE) moderated to 6.0 per cent in the second
stable in India and Indonesia. quarter from 7.4 per cent in the previous quarter.
Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF), moderated
Under Euro Area, a decline of 2.9 per cent Y-o-Y in the second quarter with 5.4 per cent as
in real residential property prices was observed. compared to 7.5 per cent in the last quarter.
Within the euro area, real house prices continue Exports of goods and services reduced to 2.8 per
to show significant variations among member cent Y-o-Y in the second quarter as compared to
states. Prices surged by 7 per cent Y-o-Y in Greece 8.7 per cent in the preceding period.

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On the supply side, Gross value-added (GVA) underpinned by Government - led initiatives,
moderated to 5.6 per cent in the second integration of technology, stable interest rate,
quarter as compared to 6.8 per cent in the sustainability through green construction
previous quarter. The growth of agriculture practices and energy efficient designs, co-living
sector GVA accelerated to 3.5 per cent in Q2 etc. The demand for housing in Tier-II and Tier-
of FY25 from 1.7 per cent a year ago. Higher III cities is driven by infrastructure development,
growth in agriculture and allied activities was talent availability and affordability. Further,
driven by healthy kharif sowing on account of Government policies with easing of regulations
the above-normal monsoon. However, the GVA and provision of incentives are propelling the
in the manufacturing sector slowed to 2.2 per demand as well as supply of residential housing.
cent in the second quarter of the current fiscal
The growth in housing finance is supported by
compared to an expansion of 14.3 per cent in
Banks and Housing Finance Companies. As of
the year-ago period, due to muted domestic
September 2024, out of the total outstanding
demand and decline in exports on account
individual housing loan portfolio of ₹34 lakh
of global economic challenges. Service sector
crore, the share of HFCs and Banks (Public Sector
maintained its momentum by registering growth
Banks, Private Sector Banks and Regional Rural
rate of more than 7 per cent.
Banks) stood at 19.0 per cent and 81.0 per cent
Reserve Bank of India projects real GDP growth respectively.
for FY 2024-25 at 6.6 per cent, however, global
geopolitical risks remain a challenge. The quarter wise movement of Outstanding
Individual Housing Loan Portfolio of Primary
Housing Scenario Lending institutions is furnished below.
The expansion of India’s residential sector is (Graph 1.2)

Graph: 1.2 Outstanding Individual Housing Loan Portfolio of

Primary Lending Institutions (₹ in crore)

Source: NHB

The individual housing loan portfolio of primary last year, of which housing finance companies
lending institutions grew by 14.08 per cent growth registered at 13.93 per cent, PSBs at
during September 2024 over the same period of 17.42 per cent and PVBs at 10.47 per cent.

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1.3 Refinance Support by National to the needs of HFCs. Under Affordable Housing
Housing Bank Fund, since inception (FY 2018-19), the Bank
received total amount of ₹49,992.18 crore. The
The National Housing Bank (NHB) extends Bank has cumulatively disbursed ₹49,952 crore
refinance assistance to Primary Lending under AHF till June 30, 2024 benefiting 5.24 lakh
Institutions (PLIs) in respect of their housing dwelling units. The total outstanding under AHF
loans to individuals, and for their loans to other as on June 30, 2024, was ₹46,686.02 crore
institutions for housing finance and construction
finance for affordable housing. Post NBFC The liquidity support extended by the Bank is well
crisis and during the Covid-19 pandemic, to reflected in the percentage share of individual
ensure adequate liquidity in the housing finance housing loan portfolio (based on income
companies, the Bank extended liquidity support segmentation) of Housing Finance Companies.
through LIFt scheme and Aatma Nirbhar Bharat (Graph 1.3). As of September 2024, HFCs
package. The cumulative refinance disbursement outstanding individual housing loan portfolio
of the Bank stood at ₹3.91 lakh crore till (based on income segmentation) constitute
September 30, 2024. Of this, ₹1.54 lakh crore 39.21 per cent of EWS & LIG segment, followed
was disbursed during last 5 years. Nearly 84 per by 43.45 per cent of MIG and 17.34 per cent
cent of this disbursement (₹1.30 lakh crore) cater towards HIG.

Graph 1.3: Percentage share of Income Segmentation wise IHL Outstanding of

HFCs as on September 2024

Source: NHB

National Housing Bank’s refinance support has lending institutions to improve and strengthen
been the major source of low-cost long-term the grassroot credit delivery network for housing
funds for the housing finance system. The finance across the country, particularly for the
Bank encouraged and incentivized the primary low- and middle-income group segments.

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 Box 1.1: Income Group wise Analysis of IHL
Outstanding and Disbursement for HFCs

India's residential real estate market is experiencing a surge in activity, fuelled by a robust economy
and growing demand for luxury living. Despite global economic uncertainties, the demand for
high-end properties in India has shown resilience, underscoring the confidence of affluent buyers in
the long-term value of premium real estate. Driven by rapid urbanisation and rising income levels,
metropolitan landscapes are undergoing significant transformations. This has led to a surge in
demand for high-quality housing and a superior lifestyle.
The outstanding IHL for High Income Group for HFCs have grown from ₹83,838 crore as on
September’23 to ₹1,08,524 crore as on September’24. The growth rate has increased from
18.8 per cent in September’23 to 29.4 per cent in September’24.

Outstanding IHL for High Income Group for HFCs

There has been an increase in percentage share for High Income Group. The income group wise
data for Housing Finance Companies shows that outstanding IHL under High Income Group have
increased from 14.7 per cent in September’22 to 17.3 per cent in September’24.
Income Group wise IHL Outstanding Loans for HFCs (% Share)

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 Similarly, the disbursement of IHL under High Income Group for HFCs have increased from
17.1 per cent in September’22 to 26.1 per cent in September’24.
Income Group wise IHL Disbursement for HFCs (% Share)

1.4 Housing Prices in India – NHB assessment price is based on the valuation prices
RESIDEX of residential units collected from primary lending
institutions. In contrast, the HPI market price is
The National Housing Bank (NHB) publishes based on the market prices for unsold inventories
two Housing Price Indices (HPI), namely ‘HPI collected from developers. A composite index is
Assessment Price’ and ‘HPI Market Price’ calculated for 50 cities across India using the
quarterly, with FY18 as the base year. HPI population of the cities as weights.
Movement of House Price Index – Q2 FY 2024-25

Graph 1.4 : Movement of HPI @ Assessment Price

The key primary residential markets of per cent), Mumbai (4.0 per cent) & Pune (6.2
Ahmedabad (7.9 per cent), Bengaluru (11.1 per cent) witnessed appreciating property prices
per cent), Chennai (9.4 per cent), Delhi (0.4 per during the period July-Sept 2024.
cent), Hyderabad (6.7 per cent), Kolkata (6.1

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 Graph 1.5 : Movement of HPI @ Market Price for
Under Construction Properties

HPI @ Assessment Price for the Quarter HPI @ Market Price for Under Construction
Ended (QE) Sept 2024 Properties for the Quarter Ended (QE)
Sept 2024
The 50 city HPI based on valuation prices of
properties collected from Banks and Housing On the supply side, the 50 city HPI based on the
finance companies (HPI @ Assessment Prices) quoted prices for under construction and ready
recorded an annual increase (Y-o-Y) of 6.8 per to move unsold properties (HPI @ Market Price
cent during the second quarter of the fiscal for Under Construction Properties), also recorded
2025 as compared with 4.9 per cent a year ago. an annual increase (Y-o-Y) of 11.2 per cent in QE
(Graph 1.4) September 2024 as against 10.7 per cent a year
ago. (Graph 1.5)
The annual variation in HPI @ Assessment
Price ranged from an increase of 30.9 per cent On a sequential (Q-o-Q) basis, the 50 city Index
(Gurugram) to a contraction of 0.8 per cent witnessed an increase of 2.8 per cent during
(Howrah) in the Quarter Ending (QE) September the quarter, as against 2.7 per cent in previous
24 over QE September 23. An increase in quarter.
property prices was seen across 48 cities out
City-wise and Quarter-wise details for HPI @
of 50 cities. However, 2 cities (Howrah and
Assessment prices and for HPI @ Market prices
Thiruvananthapuram) registered a decline in the
for under construction properties are placed in
property prices.
Appendix I.
There was a sequential increase in 45 cities out
of 50 cities with Gurugram recording the highest 1.5 Role of National Housing Bank
sequential increase of 7.3 per cent, followed by
The National Housing Bank is a development
Navi Mumbai (6.5 per cent), Chandigarh (6.4
financial institution, established in 1988, under
per cent) and Coimbatore (5.9 per cent), while
an Act of Parliament, viz. the National Housing
Howrah recorded maximum sequential decrease
Bank Act, 1987 (Central Act no. 53 of 1987).
of 3.8 per cent in the HPI @ Assessment Price.

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National Housing Bank (NHB) operates through loan of ₹100 crore to Maharashtra
its headquarters located at New Delhi and Housing Development Corporation Limited
network of Regional Offices across the country. (Maha Housing Limited), for construction
The Bank expanded its geographic presence to of affordable housing under PMAY at
cater to the need of housing finance sector in Majrewadi, Solapur, Maharashtra.
terms of better supervisory control, refinance
and project finance operations and smooth Supervision
operationalization of UIDF scheme • The Bank supervises the HFCs through a
As of June 2024, the Bank had 16 Regional system of on-site inspections and off-site
Offices situated at Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, surveillance mechanism through periodic
Bhopal, Bhubaneshwar, Chandigarh, Chennai, returns. The initiatives taken during the year
Delhi, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, under Supervision are elaborated under
Lucknow, Mumbai, Patna, Raipur and Ranchi. Chapter 4.

Promotion and Development

1.5.1 Bank’s Performance During
FY 2023-24 (July to June) • The Bank sanctioned ₹2,967.97 crore and
disbursed ₹17.74 crore during FY 2023-24
Financials and Asset Quality Management
under UIDF.
• Total assets of the Bank stood at ₹1.12 lakh • The Bank as the Central Nodal Agency for
crore as on June 30, 2024. Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) has
• Net Interest Income (NII) for FY 2023- released subsidy amounting to ₹36.11
24 increased to ₹2,521 crore with Y-o-Y crore benefitting over 1,084 households
improvement of 41 per cent over last year. for EWS/ LIG category in FY 2023-24. The
• GNPA percentage improved from 0.77 per cumulative disbursement under the scheme
cent as of June 2023 to 0.69 per cent as was ₹49,496.93 crore benefitting 21.08
of June 2024. With a Provisioning Coverage
lakh households till June 30, 2024.
Ratio of more than 100 per cent, Net NPAs
of the Bank stands NIL. • A subsidy of ₹3.09 crore benefitting 1,551
households was disbursed during FY 2023-
• NHB stands adequately capitalised
maintaining a healthy CRAR of 16.38 per 24 under Rural Housing Interest Subsidy
cent as of June 30, 2024. Scheme with a cumulative disbursement of
₹24.32 crore benefitting 12,084 households.
Refinancing
• Regional Offices of the Bank conducted
• As of June 2024, the outstanding refinance outreach programmes on various themes
portfolio of the Bank stood at ₹1,02,204 such as UIDF, Project Finance and Housing
crore with Y-o-Y growth of 11 per cent. finance.
• During the FY 2023-24, under AHF scheme, • The Housing Finance Repository (HFR) portal
refinance assistance of ₹7,480.45 crore has of the Bank has been devised to capture
been extended to the PLIs, in respect of their state wise Home Loan Disbursement and
individual housing loans to about 64,600 Outstanding data for Housing Finance
households under urban and rural areas. Companies, Public Sector Banks and Private
• Project Finance: NHB sanctioned Term Sector Banks.

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• The Bank funded five research studies to Other Initiatives
Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs)
under various themes pertaining to Housing • RMBS Development Company Limited
and Housing finance sector. The reports are received its Certificate of Incorporation on
available at the Bank’s website. March 02, 2024, in accordance with the
Companies Act 2013, as a company limited
• The Bank conducted 12 training programmes
by shares.
during the year on the focus areas of
Affordable Housing finance, Credit Appraisal Awards & Recognition
of Individual Housing Loans, Challenges in
Retail Housing Loans, etc. • The Bank’s in-house Hindi Magazine
“Aawas Bharti” received the First Prize from
• The Bank conducted two meetings with
Town Official Language Implementation
Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of Housing
Committee (TOLIC- Banks), Delhi for the year
Finance Companies.
2023.

Box 1.2: Union Budget Announcements on Housing

Sector & Urban Development

Budget 2024-25
PM Awas Yojana - Urban (PMAY-U)
• Allocation under PMAY-U has been increased by 36 per cent from ₹22,103 crore in the RE
2023-24 to ₹30,171 crore for FY 2024-25.
• The Budget has allocated ₹3,000 crore for the EWS and LIG groups and ₹1,000 crore for the
MIG to construct houses under CLSS in urban areas.
• Announcement of PMAY-U 2.0: Financial assistance will be provided to 1 crore urban poor
and middle-class families through States/Union Territories (UTs)/PLIs to construct, purchase or
rent a house at an affordable cost in urban areas in 5 years.

Impact

• The new scheme will accelerate urban housing projects, improve urban infrastructure and
enhance living conditions in cities.
• The expansion is also crucial for addressing the housing shortage across urban areas.

Cities as Growth Hubs

• Proposal of a Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) framework for 14 large Indian cities with a
population above 30 lakhs.
• Developing cities as growth hubs through economic and transit planning and orderly
development of peri-urban areas using town planning schemes.

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 Impact

• Through integration of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces with efficient public
transport systems, TOD initiative aims to reduce congestion, lower carbon emissions, and
improve the quality of urban life.
• Development of infrastructure such as roads, water supply, and sanitation facilities will
contribute to creating liveable, sustainable residential landscape and consequently, the
sustainable urban development will lead to the overarching objective of creating smart and
resilient cities.

Rental Housing

• Rental housing with dormitory type accommodation for industrial workers will be facilitated
through PPP mode with Viability Gap Funding (VGF) support and commitment from anchor
industries.

Digitisation

• Encouraging states to lower stamp duties for properties purchased by women. Digitisation of
Land records in urban areas with GIS (Geographic Information System) mapping.
• An IT-based property record administration, updating, and tax administration system will be
established. The budget has allocated ₹1,150.02 crore for the National Urban Digital Mission.
Increase in allocation for Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA).

Other Announcement

• Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) has been allocated ₹82,576 crore for the
current financial year, compared to ₹69,270.72 crore of revised estimate for FY 2023-24,
marking an increase of 19.2 per cent enabling further urban development.

Impact

• Reforms in urban planning is expected to stimulate growth in the housing market and improve
housing affordability, thereby, enhancing the overall urban landscape.

Budget 2025-26
Special Window for Affordable and Mid-Income Housing (SWAMIH) Fund II
• The Fund will be established as a blended finance facility with contribution from the
government, banks, and private investors.
• The fund will aim at completion of 100,000 housing units.

Impact

It will help the stalled projects and enhance liquidity in the real estate sector.

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Urban Challenge Fund

• Government will set up an Urban Challenge Fund of `1 lakh crore to implement the proposals
for ‘Cities as Growth Hubs’, ‘Creative Redevelopment of Cities’ and ‘Water and Sanitation’.

Impact

The establishment of a ₹1 lakh crore Urban Challenge Fund will foster sustainable and inclusive
urban development.

Global Capability Centres (GCCs)

• A National Framework was proposed for promoting Global Capability Centres in emerging tier
2 cities.

Impact

GCCs have been driving demand for office spaces, along with improving infrastructure development
and liveability in Indian cities. The framework will help in fostering inclusive economic growth
beyond major metropolitan areas.

National Geospatial Mission

• National Geospatial Mission to develop foundational geospatial infrastructure and data which
will benefit urban planning.

Impact

Modernization of land records, urban planning, and design of infrastructure projects will be
facilitated with the move.

******************

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CHAPTER 2
HOUSING IN INDIA
 Introductory Summary
Chapter 2
The residential housing sector is one of the prime engines of economic growth as
it addresses social needs, generates employment and stimulates economy with its
spill-over effects. Factors like Government policies, technological advancements,
sustainable practices, rising demand for housing, and regulatory measures like
RERA are pivotal in shaping the housing landscape in India.
The role of Government in enhancing housing supply is a critical factor that affects
the availability and affordability of homes and there has been a shift from being
provider to being the facilitator of housing. In 2015, the Government launched
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) with an objective to provide
“Housing for all” by 2022. As on October 07th 2024, under PMAY-U, 1.19 crore
houses have been sanctioned, with 1.15 crore houses grounded for construction
and 87.12 lakh houses completed.
In the Union Budget 2024-25, PMAY-U 2.0 scheme was announced under which
financial assistance will be provided to 1 crore urban poor and middle-class families
through States/UTs/PLIs to construct, purchase or rent a house at an affordable
cost in urban areas in 5 years. NHB has been identified as a Central Nodal Agency
(CNA) by the GoI, MoHUA to implement the CLSS and ISS vertical of PMAY and
PMAY 2.0 respectively. NHB, as CNA, has released subsidy of ₹49,487.61 crore
till October 2024 benefitting 21.08 lakh households (EWS/LIG ~16.46 lakh + MIG
~4.62 lakh).
The Government of India is committed to reduce emission in the residential
construction sector. The green buildings market in India is currently at a nascent
stage of development, with only 5 per cent buildings being classified as green. It is
imperative to take green label to residential housing, more particularly to affordable
housing segment and beyond the metros to the Tier II, III cities. NHB as apex
financial institution for housing finance endeavours to promote affordable housing
with innovative and green housing technologies, by organizing various awareness
and training programmes and extending concession on refinance towards Green
Housing.

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2.1 Introduction 2.2 Housing Initiatives
The residential housing sector is one of the prime Housing initiatives in India evolved with the
engines of economic growth as it addresses country’s transformation since independence.
social needs, generates employment and The role of Government in enhancing housing
stimulates economy with its spill-over effects. supply is a critical factor that affects the
Factors like Government policies, technological availability and affordability of homes and there
advancements, sustainable practices, rising has been a shift from being provider to being the
demand for housing, and regulatory measures facilitator of housing. The role of Government in
like RERA are pivotal in shaping the housing the real estate sector is paramount, as it plays a
landscape in India. India’s housing finance market multifaceted role in regulating, facilitating, and
is on a growth trajectory with the Government shaping the industry’s trajectory.
taking adequate measures to support housing
The scarcity of housing in India is primarily
finance, improving demand and reviving the
concentrated in the economically weaker section
sector.
(EWS) and low-income group (LIG) households. In
Housing demand has increased owing to the early years of India’s economic development,
urbanisation, importance of home ownership, the emphasis on housing for poor was laid
growing population and rising incomes, in the rural areas of India. Later, in 2007, the
demonstrating India’s prominence as one of Government of India introduced the National
India’s fastest growing sectors. The residential Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (NUHHP) with
sector witnessed robust demand revival, as it an intent to promote public private partnerships
fast gained momentum and withstood market for achieving the objective of “Affordable
volatility. Housing for All”.
Macroeconomic stability and the housing sector Over the last few years, policies such as the Rajiv
are inextricably linked. Housing, besides being Awas Yojana (RAY), Rajiv Rinn Yojana (RRY) –
a basic requirement, also holds the key to which later changed to Credit Linked Subsidy
accelerating the pace of development. Investment Scheme (CLSS), Affordable Housing in Partnership
in housing sector bolsters construction and (AHP) and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY)
ancillary sectors, creating a ripple effect that were introduced by the Government with the
fuels economic expansion. objective of making provision for affordable

129
housing for the urban poor in India. In 2015, the PMAY-G is to provide a pucca house with basic
Government launched PMAY-U with provisions amenities to all houseless and households living
such as tax rebates, monetary support, relaxed in kutcha/dilapidated houses in rural areas of the
development regulations, discounted interest country.
rates with an objective to provide “Housing for
To achieve the objective of “Housing for All” in
all” by 2022.
rural areas, the Government of India launched
In the Union Budget 2024-25, Hon’ble Finance the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana -Gramin
Minister announced the Pradhan Mantri Awas (PMAY-G) with effect from April 2016 with a
Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0 scheme under which target of construction of 2.95 crore houses with
financial assistance will be provided to 1 crore basic amenities to be achieved in phases till
urban poor and middle-class families through March 2024. The Union Cabinet has approved
States/Union Territories (UTs)/PLIs to construct, the proposal for implementation of the Pradhan
purchase or rent a house at an affordable cost in Mantri Awaas Yojana –Gramin (PMAY-G) during
urban areas in 5 years. The details of the Scheme FY 2024-25 to FY 2028-29 wherein financial
are mentioned in Box 2.2. assistance is to be provided for the construction
of 2 crore more houses at existing unit assistance
2.3 Progress of Housing Schemes of ₹1.20 lakh in plain areas and ₹1.30 lakh in
North-Eastern Region States and Hill States of
2.3.1 Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana - Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Union Territories
Gramin and its Progress of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh. Total outlay of
₹3,06,137 crore for FY 2024-25 to FY 2028-29
The earlier Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) had been
re-structured into Pradhan Mantri Awaas Yojana including Central Share of ₹2,05,856 crore and
– Gramin (PMAY-G) in the view of Government’s State matching share of ₹1,00,281 crore. (Source:
Ministry of Rural Development press release dated
commitment to provide “Housing for All” by 2024
August 09, 2024)
and to address the gaps in the previous housing
schemes. The re-structured scheme Pradhan The year-wise and state-wise progress is
Mantri Awaas Yojana – Gramin (PMAY-G) mentioned in Graph 2.1 and Graph 2.2
came into effect from 1st April 2016. The aim of respectively.

Graph 2.1: Year-Wise Progress of PMAY-G

Total Number of Houses completed during Financial Year (in lakhs)

Source: Ministry of Rural Development press release dated 03 December 2024

130
The construction of houses for 2 crore more completion of the incomplete houses of previous
households is expected to benefit nearly 10 crore phase of the PMAY-G as on 31.03.2024 during
individuals. The Union Cabinet has approved for the FY 2024-25 as per the existing rates.

Graph 2.2: State Wise Progress of PMAY- G

(No. of Houses Completed*)

*As on 13th November 2024 Map not to scale

Source: Ministry of Rural Development

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 Box 2.1: Evaluation study “Evaluation of CSS Scheme – Rural
Development Sector” in respect of PMAY-G by NITI Aayog

Under the evaluation study sponsored by Development Monitoring and Evaluation Office (DMEO)
of NITI Aayog, a detailed scheme level analysis of the 6 selected CSS (Centrally Sponsored Schemes)-
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), Pradhan Mantri Awas
Yojana Gramin (PMAY-G), National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP), Deendayal Antyodaya
Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM), Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY) and Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM) was done. Each of these schemes
has been evaluated using the REESI+E framework against the Relevance, Effectiveness, Efficiency,
Sustainability, Impact and Equity. Under the study, the performance of PMAY-G has been assessed
on cross sectional themes like accountability and transparency, gender mainstreaming, use of IT,
reforms and regulations etc.
Main findings of the report are provided as under:
a. PMAY-G evolved as a reform of Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) and brought relevant impact in
the processes of identification of beneficiaries, use of IT and fund flow. These reforms were
beneficial to the success of PMAY-G. New experiences led to better reforms generating more
benefits from the scheme.
b. PMAY-G has been able to ensure efficient use of technology for smooth implementation
of scheme. With Geo-tagging of houses, house quality review module, tech-savvy financial
modules the scheme is leveraging quite well on technology.
c. Use of AwaasApp & AwaasSoft has led to timely disbursal of funds directly to beneficiary
accounts. PMAY-G has a robust monitoring mechanism. The dashboard keeps track of all
physical & financial progress by recording data at beneficiary level. All the data is updated
regularly & is available in public domain thus ensuring transparency within the scheme.
d. PMAY-G has adopted various creative & innovative practices like- Use of AwaasApp & AwaasSoft
in timely disbursal of funds, helping old & disabled people to build houses via rural masons
training, use of Awaas+ to include the genuine cases of excluded beneficiaries and so on. This
shows the commitment of PMAY-G in using out of the box solution for different problems.
e. Gender mainstreaming is actively encouraged under PMAY-G. Providing house in the name of
female beneficiaries, allocation of house to transgender people, capacity building of women to
become Awaas Mitras contribute towards gender mainstreaming within the scheme.
f. Satisfaction of beneficiaries towards the application process was positive, with significant
assistance and support provided. Challenges include transport and documentation related
costs, both in terms of time and money.
g. The fund disbursal rate from Centre to State is satisfactory especially in the initial stages of
installment. At the beneficiary level, 60 per cent respondents received installment within 7 days
of issue of sanction order.
h. Ease of living of beneficiaries is enhanced due to construction of the house. The same is
confirmed by both primary and secondary sources. 88 per cent of respondents confirmed
improvements in standard of living with construction of house.
i. DoRD has taken account of the climate change by suggesting PAHAL designs- Climate resilient
technologies for house construction. However, proper implementation and encouraging
beneficiaries to adopt these designs needs to be ensured.
Source: Annual Report 2023-24, Ministry of Rural Development

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2.3.2 Rural Housing Interest Subsidy 2.3.3 Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-
Scheme (RHISS) Urban (PMAY-U)
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana - Gramin (PMAY-G) The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (Urban)
for rural areas was launched from April 01, 2016, (PMAY–U), a flagship mission of the Government
with an objective to provide pucca house with of India was launched in June 2015 to provide
basic amenities to all houseless and households affordable housing for all by 2022. Ministry
living in kutcha houses by 2022. However, of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) is
to ensure that adequate resources are made implementing Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
available to such households which requires -Urban (PMAY-U) since 25 June, 2015 by
construction/modification of their dwelling units giving Central assistance to implementing
and have not been covered under PMAY-G, the agencies through States/Union Territories
Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD), GoI (UTs) for providing all-weather pucca houses
launched the Rural Housing Interest Subsidy with basic civic amenities to all eligible urban
Scheme (RHISS) under Housing for All by 2022 to beneficiaries. PMAY–U sought to address the
provide easy access to institutional loan to needy housing requirements of all sections of urban
households for construction/modification of poor, including homeless population, and slum
their dwelling units who are not covered under dwellers. PMAY-U adopted a demand driven
PMAY (U). The beneficiaries, eligible to receive approach wherein States/Union Territories
central assistance under this Scheme, includes (UTs) have been empowered to recommend
any rural household who do not appear/figure the projects to MoHUA for the beneficiaries
on the permanent waitlist for PMAY-G and have identified by them through a demand survey
not availed benefit under PMAY (U). based on eligibility criteria.
The scheme is effective from June 19, 2017 and The scheme is implemented through four
beneficiaries would be eligible for an interest verticals i.e., Beneficiary Led Construction (BLC),
subsidy at the rate of 3 per cent for loan amount Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP), In-Situ
up to ₹2 lakh for maximum tenure of 20 years Slum Redevelopment (ISSR) and Credit Linked
or the actual tenure of the loan whichever is Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) based on eligibility criteria
lesser, with the NPV discount rate of 9 per cent. as per scheme guidelines.
RHISS will cover the entire India, excluding the
I. ‘In-situ Slum Redevelopment (ISSR):
statutory towns as per Census 2011 and towns
Central Assistance of ₹1 lakh per house is
subsequently covered under PMAY - Urban.
admissible for all houses built for eligible
National Housing Bank (NHB) is the Central Nodal slum dwellers under the component of ISSR
Agency (CNA) to channelize the subsidy to the using land as Resource with participation of
lending institutions and to monitor the scheme private developers. After redevelopment,
implementation. Primary Lending Institutions de-notification of slums by State/UT
(PLIs) for RHISS include Scheduled Commercial Government is recommended under the
Banks, Housing Finance Companies, Regional guidelines. Flexibility is given to States/
Rural Banks, Co-operative Banks, Small Finance Cities to deploy this Central Assistance for
Banks and NBFC-MFIs. other slums being redeveloped. States/
Cities provide additional FSI/FAR or TDR to
Till October 31, 2024, NHB has executed MoUs
make projects financially viable. For slums
with 100 PLIs for implementation of the Scheme
on private owned land, States/Cities provide
and disbursed subsidy amount of ₹24.32 crore to
additional FSI/FAR or TDR to land owner
23 PLIs benefitting 12,084 households.
as per its policy. No Central assistance is
admissible in such case.

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II. Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS): belonging to EWS categories for individual
Beneficiaries of Economically Weaker Section house construction/ enhancement. The
(EWS)/Low Income Group (LIG), Middle Urban Local Bodies validate the information
Income Group (MIG)-I and Middle Income and building plan submitted by the
Group (MIG)-II seeking housing loans from beneficiary so that ownership of land
Banks, Housing Finance Companies and and other details like economic status
other such institutions for acquiring, new and eligibility can be ascertained. Central
construction or enhancement of houses Assistance, along with State/UT/ ULB share,
are eligible for an interest subsidy. The if any, is released to the Bank accounts of
Ministry has designated Housing and beneficiaries through Direct Benefit Transfer
Urban Development Corporation (HUDCO), (DBT) by States/UTs.
National Housing Bank (NHB) and State The implementation period of PMAY-U scheme
Bank of India (SBI) as Central Nodal Agencies which was earlier from 25 June 2015 to 31 March
(CNAs) to channelize this subsidy to the 2022, was extended up to 31 December 2024,
beneficiaries through lending institutions except Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS)
and for monitoring the progress. vertical, to complete all the houses sanctioned
III. Affordable Housing in Partnership under the scheme without changing the funding
(AHP): Under AHP, Central Assistance of pattern and implementation methodology.
₹1.5 lakh per EWS house is provided by the
The scheme has made significant progress in
Government of India. An affordable housing its goal of providing affordable housing. As on
project can be a mix of houses for different October 07 2024, under PMAY-U, 1.19 crore
categories but it will be eligible for Central houses have been sanctioned, with 1.15 crore
Assistance, if at least 35 per cent of the houses grounded for construction and 87.12 lakh
houses in the project are for EWS category. houses completed. (Source: Ministry of Housing &
The States/UTs decide on an upper ceiling on Urban Affairs)
the sale price of EWS houses with an objective
to make them affordable and accessible to Within the ambit of the overarching PMAY-U,
the intended beneficiaries. State and cities a Technology Sub-Mission (TSM) was set up, to
also extend other concessions such as their facilitate the adoption of modern, innovative
state share, land at affordable cost, stamp and green technologies and building materials
duty exemption etc. for faster and quality construction of houses.
TSM also facilitates preparation and adoption
IV. Beneficiary-led Individual House
of layout designs and building plans suitable
Construction/ Enhancement (BLC-N/
for various geo-climatic zones. It also assists
BLC-E): Central Assistance upto ₹1.5 lakh
States/Cities in deploying disaster resistant and
per EWS house is provided to eligible families
environment-friendly technologies.

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 Graph 2.3: State Wise Progress of PMAY-U
(No. of Houses Sanctioned*)

*As on November 11, 2024

Map not to scale

Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs

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 Graph 2.4: Verticals of PMAY(U) Progress
(Number of Units Sanctioned in lakh)
(As of October 07, 2024)

Source: MoHUA

2.3.4 Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme seeking housing loans from Banks, HFCs and
(CLSS) other such notified institutions were eligible
for an interest subsidy at the rate of 6.5 per
Promotion of affordable housing for weaker
cent for maximum tenure of 20 years or the
section through Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme
actual tenure of the loan whichever is less
(CLSS) is one of the four verticals under PMAY
(upto December 31, 2016, maximum tenure
(U), which has been implemented through PLIs
was 15 years).
viz. SCBs, HFCs, RRBs, Co-operative Banks, Small
Finance Banks (SFBs) and Non-Banking Financial • CLSS for MIG – This Scheme was effective
Company-Micro Finance Institutions (NBFC-MFIs). from January 01, 2017 till March 31, 2021.
NHB has been identified as a Central Nodal The CLSS for MIG covers two annual income
Agency (CNA) by the GoI, MoHUA to implement segments viz. above ₹6 lakh and upto ₹12
the CLSS vertical of PMAY. The CLSS vertical is lakh under MIG-I and above ₹12 lakh and
one of the important components of the Housing upto ₹18 lakh under MIG-II. In the MIG-I,
for All Mission and is a Central Sector Scheme. an interest subsidy of 4 per cent has been
The CLSS covers two categories namely CLSS provided for loan amount up to ₹9 lakh
for Economically Weaker Section/Low Income while in MIG-II, an interest subsidy of 3 per
Group (CLSS for EWS/LIG) and CLSS for Middle cent has been provided for loan amount
Income Group (CLSS for MIG). upto ₹12 lakh. Earlier, GoI, MoHUA had
increased the existing carpet area limit for
• CLSS for EWS/LIG – The Scheme was MIG-I from 90 sqm to 120 sqm and for MIG-
launched on June 17, 2015 and was II from 110 sqm to 150 sqm and the above
operational upto March 31, 2022. limit are further revised from 120 sqm to
Households belonging to EWS (with annual 160 sqm for MIG-I and from 150 sqm to 200
income upto ₹3 lakh) and LIG (with annual sqm for MIG-II.
income more than ₹3 lakh and upto ₹6 lakh)

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 Graph 2.5: Beneficiaries and Interest Subsidy under CLSS

Source: MoHUA

Box 2.2: Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0

In the Union Budget 2024-25, Hon’ble Finance Minister announced the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-
Urban (PMAY-U) 2.0 scheme under which financial assistance will be provided to 1 crore urban poor
and middle-class families through States/Union Territories (UTs)/PLIs to construct, purchase or rent
a house at an affordable cost in urban areas in 5 years.
The Union Cabinet resolved to provide assistance to 3 crore additional rural and urban households
for the construction of houses, to meet the housing requirements arising out of the increase in the
number of eligible families. PMAY-U 2.0, with an investment of ₹10 lakh crore, will address the
housing needs of one crore families, ensuring that every citizen leads a better quality of life.

PMAY-U 2.0 Eligibility Criteria

Families belonging to EWS/LIG/Middle Income Group (MIG) segments having no pucca house
anywhere in the country are eligible to purchase or construct a house under PMAY-U 2.0.
• EWS households are families with an annual income up to ₹3 lakh.
• LIG households are families with an annual income from ₹3 lakh up to ₹6 lakh.
• MIG households are families with an annual income from ₹6 lakh up to ₹9 lakh.

Coverage of the Scheme

All statutory towns as per Census 2011 and towns notified subsequently, including Notified Planning
Areas, areas falling within Notified Planning/Development area under the jurisdiction of Industrial
Development Authority/Special Area Development Authority/Urban Development Authority or any
such Authority under State legislation which is entrusted with the functions of urban planning and
regulations shall also be included for the coverage under PMAY-U 2.0.

PMAY-U 2.0 components

The Scheme seeks to address the affordable housing requirement in urban areas through following
verticals:

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 i. Beneficiary-Led Construction (BLC): Under this vertical, financial assistance will be provided
to individual eligible families belonging to EWS categories to construct new houses on their
own available vacant land. In case of landless beneficiaries, land rights (pattas) may be provided
by States/UTs.
ii. Affordable Housing in Partnership (AHP): Under AHP, financial assistance will be provided
to EWS beneficiaries for owning houses being built with different partnerships by States/UTs/
Cities/Public/Private agencies.
iii. Affordable Rental Housing (ARH): This vertical will create adequate rental housing for
working women/industrial workers/ urban migrants/ homeless/ destitute /students and other
eligible beneficiaries. ARH shall ensure affordable and hygienic living spaces for urban dwellers
who do not want to own a house but require housing for short term basis or those who do not
have the financial capability to construct/buy a house.
iv. Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS): The ISS vertical will provide benefits of subsidy on home loans
for EWS/LIG and MIG families. Beneficiaries taking loan up to ₹25 lakh with house value up
to ₹35 lakh will be eligible for 4 per cent interest subsidy on first ₹8 lakh loan up to 12 years
tenure. A maximum of ₹1.80 lakh subsidy will be given to eligible beneficiaries in 5-yearly
instalments through push button. Beneficiaries can access their accounts through website, OTP
or smart cards.

PMAY-U 2.0 will be implemented as Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), except for the Interest
Subsidy Scheme (ISS) component, which will be implemented as Central Sector Scheme.

Technology & Innovation Sub-Mission (TISM)

TISM will be set up under PMAY-U 2.0 to guide and facilitate States/UTs and other stakeholders in
adoption of modern, innovative and green technologies and building material for faster and quality
construction of houses. Under TISM, States/UTs/Cities will be assisted through innovative practices
and projects in challenge mode focused on disaster resistant and environment friendly technologies
for climate smart buildings and resilient housing.

Affordable Housing Policy

In order to seek benefit under PMAY-U 2.0, States/UTs will have to formulate “Affordable Housing
Policy” containing various reforms and incentives for ensuring active participation of Public/Private
entities and promote Affordable Housing Ecosystem. ‘Affordable Housing Policy’ will include such
reforms which will improve the affordability of ‘Affordable Housing’.

Impact
PMAY-U 2.0 will achieve the vision of ‘Housing for All’ by fulfilling the housing dreams of EWS/LIG
and MIG segments. The Scheme will also ensure equity across different segments of population by
addressing the requirement of slum dwellers, SC/STs, minorities, widows, Persons with Disabilities
and other underprivileged sections of the society. Special focus will be given to street vendors
identified under PM SVANidhi Scheme and different artisans under Pradhan Mantri-Vishwakarma
Scheme, anganwadi workers, building and other construction workers, residents of slums/chawls
and other groups identified during operation of PMAY-U 2.0.
Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs Press Release dated August 09, 2024

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2.4 Role of National Housing Bank in MIG respectively. As on 31.10.2024, the funds
“Housing for All” Mission utilization status stands at 99.95 per cent and
99.98 per cent for CLSS for EWS/LIG and CLSS
NHB has been identified as a Central Nodal for MIG respectively.
Agency (CNA) by the GoI, MoHUA to implement NHB, as CNA, has released subsidy of ₹49,487.61
the CLSS and ISS vertical of PMAY and PMAY 2.0 crore till October 2024 benefitting 21.08 lakh
respectively. Under the CLSS Scheme, NHB as a households (EWS/LIG ~16.46 lakh + MIG ~4.62
CNA have received advance subsidy of ₹39,787.2 lakh). It accounts for ~ 84 per cent of the total
crore and ₹9,722 crore from GoI, MoHUA for subsidy released by GoI so far under the Scheme.
implementation of the scheme for EWS/LIG and

Graph 2.6: Subsidy Disbursement under PMAY-CLSS(U) (₹ in crore)

Amount in ` crore

No. of Units
*FY25 - Till October 31, 2024

Vertical-wise and State wise cumulative crore from GoI, MoHUA, for the implementation
subsidy disbursed by NHB of the Scheme. Out of this fund, till June 30, 2024,
NHB has made total disbursements (Subsidy
2.4.1 CLSS for EWS/LIG: During FY 2023-24
Released + Processing Fees - Subsidy Refund
(July-June), NHB as CNA has disbursed ₹36.11
settled) of ₹39,775.17 crore (loan disbursement
crore benefitting 1084 households. Till June 30,
amounting to ₹1,98,833.97 crore) to 239 PLIs1
2024, 295 PLIs, comprising of 96 HFCs, 9 PSBs, 18
(also includes individual, amalgamating/merging
Private Sector Banks, 33 RRBs, 120 Co-operative
entities) benefitting 16.47 lakh households
Banks, 10 Small Finance Banks and 9 NBFC-MFIs
(rounded off). As on October 31, 2024, the Bank
have signed MoU with NHB as CNA and NHB has
disbursed ₹39,768 crore benefitting 16.46 lakh
received the net advance subsidy of ₹39,787.20
households.
1
W.e.f. April 1, 2017, State Bank of Bikaner & Jaipur (SBBJ), State Bank of Mysore (SBM), State Bank of Travancore (SBT), State Bank of Patiala (SBP), State Bank
of Hyderabad (SBH) and Bhartiya Mahila Bank (BMB) merged with State Bank of India (SBI) and SBI become a CNA. W.e.f. April 1, 2019, Dena Bank merged with
Bank of Baroda and the merged entity had signed MoU with HUDCO for implementation of PMAY-CLSS. W.e.f. April 1, 2020, United Bank of India and Oriental
Bank of Commerce merged into Punjab National Bank, Allahabad Bank merged into Indian Bank, Syndicate Bank merged into Canara Bank, and Andhra Bank and
Corporation Bank merged into Union Bank of India. Further, some RRB’s were also merged. HFCs were also merged into Banks.

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 Graph 2.7: State-wise distribution of PMAY-CLSS for EWS/LIG Cumulative
Subsidy Disbursement by NHB (Amount in ₹ crore)

*till October 31, 2024 Map not to scale

2.4.2 CLSS for MIG: Till June 30, 2024, 282 PLIs, MoUs with NHB as CNA and NHB has received
comprising of 94 HFCs, 9 PSBs, 19 Private Sector the net advance subsidy of ₹9,722.0 crore from
Banks, 32 RRBs, 110 Co-operative Banks, 11 GoI, MoHUA, for the implementation of the
Small Finance Banks and 7 NBFC-MFI have signed Scheme. Out of this fund, till June 30, 2024,

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NHB has made total disbursements (Subsidy (also includes individual, amalgamating/merging
Released + Processing Fees - Subsidy Refund entities) benefitting 4.62 lakh households. As on
settled) of ₹9,721.76 crore (loan disbursement 31st October 2024, the Bank disbursed ₹9,720
amounting to ₹1,01,076.30 crore) to 191 PLIs crore benefitting 4.62 lakh households.

Graph 2.8: State-wise distribution of PMAY-CLSS for MIG Cumulative

Subsidy Disbursement by NHB (Amount in ₹ crore)

*till October 31, 2024 Map not to scale

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2.4.3 Credit Linked Subsidy Scheme (CLSS) CLSS Awas Portal was launched on November
Awas Portal (CLAP) is a web-based, real- 25, 2019, by Government of India. NHB’s
time monitoring system that integrates all PMAY-CLSS Portal has been enhanced through
stakeholders, including the Ministry of Housing application development to incorporate features
and Urban Affairs, Central Nodal Agencies, like Applicant ID inclusion in the claim, facilitation
Primary Lending Institutions, beneficiaries, and of individual record processing as against multiple
citizens. It enhances transparency and allows applicants’ batch processing, permission to PLI to
beneficiaries to track their application status upload multiple claims, input through API, etc.
through a unique ID. As advised by MoHUA, NHB’s enhanced portal
has been customized for the use by other CNAs,
viz. HUDCO and State Bank of India.

Box 2.3: Housing, Satisfaction and Livelihood-

An Impact Assessment of PMAY-U in two States

Introduction
MoHUA launched a publication titled ‘Housing, Satisfaction and Livelihood’, which is a result
of assessment study done in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh on the impact of
PMAY-U mission on the lives of people. The scheme has been implemented since 2015 and has
been extended till 31st December 2024 to complete the houses sanctioned upto 31st March 2022.
The aim of the study is to understand the micro-impacts on the beneficiaries after owning house
under the scheme.

Methodology
Household surveys were undertaken in four Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in two Indian states:
Uttar Pradesh in December 2021 and Madhya Pradesh in January 2022, to better comprehend
the implementation process on the ground. PMAY-U is being implemented through four verticals
whereas the study was undertaken for only BLC beneficiaries.
To achieve the overall picture of implementation and impact, around 200 PMAY-U beneficiaries
were surveyed. The survey is divided into five major heads such as physical, economic, social,
environmental and human.
The research uses mixed-method techniques. Qualitative data was collected through immersive
focus group discussions (FGDs) of non-random set of BLC beneficiaries in Varanasi & Prayagraj
in Uttar Pradesh and Bhopal & Indore in Madhya Pradesh. The data is then combined with a
quantitative survey of the same of beneficiaries who participated in the FGDs. The qualitative and
quantitative data aimed at collecting information about the respondents’ living situation, the impact
of a pucca house on their lives and livelihood, access to amenities, social networks and the impact
on the income of the household.
Under these different heads, the overall transformations in the lives of the respondents have been
measured comparing the previous living pattern and current living situations. At the end, a conclusive
matrix is developed to understand the major gaps and the areas that need to be focused on.

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 Conclusion
It was observed that PMAY-U has provided means to households to achieve their homes. Along
with the physical dwelling unit, the Mission has enhanced the other four capitals of the household
as well.
Physical: Owing to the building of an all-weather pucca house, there has been an improvement in
the overall physical capital of the respondent household.
Social: Due to lack of an all-weather dwelling unit and basic amenities, the respondent households
faced socioeconomic, physical and psychological concerns. It was observed that due to the house,
the sense of dignity in the household has risen substantially. The house has acted as a means to
enhance the standard of living of the household. It has had a psychological impact on the overall
well-being of the household.
Further, according to the Mission Guidelines of PMAY-U, all the houses either built or acquired
under the Mission are in the name of woman of the house or joint name. Ownership of houses has
given a strong sense of security to the women of the household.
Economic: Majority of the beneficiaries fall under 50 thousand to 1 lakh household income bracket.
Most of the beneficiaries have worked extra hours to arrange for their own share and exploited
their savings. Owing to the lack of formal sector finance, the respondents borrowed from informal
sector, paying higher interest rates. Therefore, there is an urgent need to evaluate the payback
potential of EWS/LIG beneficiaries and mainstream small-ticket loans in the housing finance sector.
It will also facilitate bringing beneficiaries into formal sector banking.
Environmental: There is a scope to improve and a need to expand the understanding of energy
efficient designs and thermal comfort in the dwelling units.
Human: 62 per cent of the families have improved their living standards after building their houses
under the Mission. 87 per cent of the beneficiaries agreed that owning a house has empowered
them. Majority of respondents highlighted the fact that their livelihood is dependent on their houses
and has thus been enhanced.
Overall, the study undertaken was a pilot in four ULBs in two states and can be extended throughout
the entire country, covering the other three verticals (CLSS, AHP, ISSR) of PMAY-U.
Source: Housing, Satisfaction and Livelihood- An Impact Assessment of PMAY-U in two States, MoHUA

2.5 Urban Infrastructure Governments/UTs in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities by

Development Fund (UIDF) offering a reliable source of financing. NHB has
established normative allocation guidelines for
The Urban Infrastructure Development Fund States/UTs and implemented an automated
(UIDF) was announced in the Union Budget system for efficient scheme execution.
of FY 2023-24 utilizing the priority sector Additionally, a provision for generating various
lending shortfall. NHB operationalised Urban Management Information Systems (MIS) has
Infrastructure Development Fund (UIDF) with been incorporated into the portal. Till September
an initial corpus of ₹10,000 crore. The primary 30, 2024, the Bank sanctioned ₹3,384.46 crore
objective of UIDF is to complement the urban and disbursed ₹151.56 crore under UIDF.
infrastructure development initiatives of State

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 Box 2.4: Progress and Achievements of AMRUT and SCM

In 2015, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, had launched three landmark initiatives: Atal
Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), Smart Cities Mission (SCM) and
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban (PMAY-U). These initiatives, launched on June 25, 2015, by
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, have collectively transformed urban infrastructure and improved
the quality of life for millions of residents across India.

AMRUT: Pioneering Sustainable Urban Infrastructure

Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT) focuses on providing universal
coverage of water supply & substantial improvement in coverage of sewerage/ septage management
besides providing other basic amenities in 500 cities. Against the approved plan size of ₹77,640
crore, 5,996 projects worth ₹83,345 crore have been grounded, of this works worth ₹77,691 crore
have been physically executed.
AMRUT focuses on the development of basic urban infrastructure in the sectors of Water Supply;
Sewerage and Septage Management; Storm Water Drainage; Non-Motorized Urban Transport and
Development of Green Spaces & Parks.
Since its inception, AMRUT has aimed to create infrastructure that directly improves service provision
to citizens. AMRUT 2.0, an extension of the original mission, has made significant strides in water
supply, sewerage management, and water body rejuvenation.
Impact of AMRUT Mission and/ or convergence on improving the quality of urban infrastructure
and services is as under:
• Provided 189 lakh water tap connections (new/ serviced) against target of 139 lakh.
• Provided 149 lakh sewer connections (new/ serviced) (including households covered through
Faecal Sludge and Septage Management-FSSM) against target of 145 lakh.
• Developed 4,174 Million Litre Per Day (MLD) Sewerage Treatment Capacity (STP) and 4,489
MLD Water Treatment Capacity (WTP).
• 1,343 km length of drains constructed resulting in eliminating 3,556 numbers of water logging
points.
• Development of 5,010 acres of green space.
• Developed 430 km pedestrian/ walkway and 43 km of cycle track.

Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs press release dated June 25, 2024 and August 08, 2024

SCM: Advancing Urban Innovation and Technology

The Smart Cities Mission has been a beacon of urban transformation, enhancing the quality of life
in 100 cities through over 8,000 innovative projects worth approximately ₹1.6 lakh crore.
The mission has attempted innovative ideas, since its inception, which include competition for
selection amongst cities, use of city Special Purpose Vehicles as implementation agencies, sector-
neutral, inclusive, stakeholder driven & bottom-up approach to project development/selection,

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 large-scale use of technology/ digital solutions, tremendous community involvement etc. Each of
the 100 cities have developed a diverse set of projects, many of which are unique and being
implemented for the first time, thus improving the city’s capabilities and experience and achieving
larger transformation goals at the city level.
As on July 03, 2024, 100 cities completed 7,188 projects (90 per cent of total projects) amounting
to ₹1,44,237 crore as part of the mission. The remaining 830 projects amounting to ₹19,926 crore
are also in advanced stages of completion. On the financial progress, the Mission has an allocated
GoI budget of ₹48,000 crore for the 100 cities. As on date, GoI has released ₹46,585 crore (97
per cent of the allocated GoI budget) to 100 cities. Out of these funds released to the cities, 93 per
cent have been utilized as on date. The mission has also released full GoI financial support under
the mission to 74 out of 100 cities.
The mission has been getting multiple requests from some states/city Government representatives,
to grant some more time to complete the balance 10 per cent projects. Taking cognizance of
these requests, the Government of India has extended the mission period upto March 31, 2025 to
complete these balance 10 per cent projects. This extension would be without any additional cost,
beyond the already approved financial allocation under the Mission. All ongoing projects are now
expected to be completed before March 31, 2025.

Source: Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, Press release dated June 25, 2024 and July 03, 2024

2.6 Affordable Rental Housing Private Partnership or by Public Agencies.

Complexes (ARHCs) for Urban (2) Construction, Operation and Maintenance
Migrants/Poor of ARHCs by Public/ Private Entities on their
own available vacant land
COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reverse migration
Beneficiaries for ARHCs are urban migrants/
of urban migrants/ poor in the country. Urban
poor from EWS/ LIG categories such as street
migrants stay in slums/ informal settlements/
vendors, labour, industrial workers, rickshaw
unauthorised colonies/ peri-urban areas to save
pullers etc. ARHCs will be a mix of single/double
cost of housing. They need decent rental housing
bedroom Dwelling Units and Dormitory of 4/6
at affordable rate at their work sites.
beds including all common facilities which will be
To address this need, Ministry of Housing & exclusively used for rental housing for a minimum
Urban Affairs has initiated Affordable Rental period of 25 years.
Housing Complexes (ARHCs), a sub-scheme
These complexes will ensure a dignified living
under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban
environment for urban migrants/poor close to
(PMAY-U). This will provide ease of living to
their workplaces at affordable rates. This will
urban migrants/ poor in Industrial Sector as well
unlock existing vacant housing stock and make
as in non-formal urban economy to get access to
them available in urban space. It will propel
dignified affordable rental housing close to their
new investment opportunities and promote
workplace.
entrepreneurship in rental housing sector by
The ARHC scheme implementation models: encouraging Private/Public Entities to efficiently
(1) Utilizing existing Government funded vacant utilize their vacant land available for developing
houses to convert into ARHCs through Public ARHCs.

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2.7 Global Housing Technology Agartala and Lucknow to showcase use of these
Challenge-India (GHTC-India) technologies for further mainstreaming in the
country.
Global Housing Technology Challenge- India The LHPs are functional as Live Laboratories
(GHTC-India) was launched by Ministry of to promote widespread learning on the use of
Housing & Urban Affairs on 14th January 2019 innovative construction technologies/ systems
with an aim to identify and mainstream a basket on ground and mainstreaming in Indian context.
of innovative construction technologies from
across the globe for housing construction sector Demonstration Housing Projects (DHP) are
that are sustainable, eco-friendly and disaster- model housing projects built with new/alternate
resilient. technology that provides on-site orientation
to practitioners in the housing sector with
They are to be cost effective and speedier while knowledge on the application and use of such
enabling the quality construction of houses, technology. It will, simultaneously, provide end
meeting diverse geoclimatic conditions and users the scope of residing in such houses so
desired functional needs. Future technologies that acceptability of such houses is ascertained
will also be supported to foster an environment enabling scaling up the use of such technologies.
of research and development in the country. To showcase the field level application of new
GHTC- India aspires to develop an eco-system / alternate technologies, MoHUA has taken this
to deliver on the technological challenges of the initiative to construct DHPs through Building
housing construction sector in a holistic manner. Materials & Technology Promotion Council
Global Housing Technology Challenge-India (BMTPC) as a part of Technology Sub-Mission
(GHTC-India) intends to get the best globally under PMAY(U).
available innovative construction technologies Each DHP will contain up to 40 Houses with
through a challenge process. It aims to sustainable, cost and time effective emerging
demonstrate and deliver ready to live-in houses alternate housing construction technologies
in minimum time and minimum cost with high- suitable to the geo-climatic and hazardous
quality of construction in a sustainable manner. conditions of the region.
This challenge seeks to promote future potential
technologies through Incubation support and
2.8 Green Housing
accelerator workshops, to foster an environment
of research and development in the country. The environment’s sustainability is affected by
Light House Projects (LHPs) are model housing increase in urbanization due to an increase in
projects with approximate 1,000 houses being energy consumption demand, industrial activity,
built with shortlisted alternate technology and the emission of greenhouse gases. Depletion
suitable to the geo-climatic and hazard conditions of natural resources degrade the environment
of the region. These projects are demonstrating and affect ecological systems causing pollution
construction of ready to live houses with and ultimately climate change. Thus, green
maximum speed, economy and with better development becomes an important agenda
quality of construction in a sustainable manner. to ensure that the standard of living can be
Out of the identified 54 technologies, six Light sustained, and the surrounding nature must
House Projects using distinct technologies were be preserved from caused by the pursuit of
finalised at Indore, Rajkot, Chennai, Ranchi, economic growth.

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“As countries move towards economic from residential housing segment. It is imperative
development, one of the changes they to take green label to residential housing, more
experience is a Western model of living, i.e., particularly to affordable housing segment and
nucleated families and single-person residences. beyond the metros to the Tier II, III cities.
It is estimated today that nearly 50 per cent of all
Taking cognizance of the quantum and nature
households in India are nuclear (1-4 members),
of urban housing shortage in India, the Ministry
up from 38 per cent in 2008. Naturally nucleated
of Housing and Urban Affairs, Government of
living gives rise to demand for additional housing
India, launched the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana
units, smaller and more independent in nature.
– Urban (PMAY-U) project to provide houses
Given that the demand is only expected to
to all urban households. This plan takes into
double by 2050, India has a looming housing
consideration the imperatives of affordability
issue on the horizon. Land, on the other hand,
and sustainability of buildings by undertaking
remains constricted. Many high income urban
development of affordable green buildings. In
nucleated settlements give rise to the tendency
this manner, this scheme also seeks to directly
of urban sprawl, which is linked to higher energy
contribute to multiple sustainable development
consumption, elevated pollution levels. The
goals (SDGs) formulated by the United Nations.
correlation between household size and adverse
Construction and operation of affordable and
impact on sustainability is being recognised all
sustainable housing provides a clean, hygienic,
over the world. (Source: Economic Survey 2023-24)
and respectable place of living to people from
Housing and construction industry being one of economically weaker sections, enables cities to
major contributors to economic growth on one grow in an environmentally conscious manner,
hand, are also a significant contributor to process strives to reduce inequality between the urban
related CO2 emissions. Construction industry or communities, and signifies a more responsible
more specifically residential real estate sector approach for the construction industry.
is one of the biggest consumers of energy (40
per cent) and green-house gas emission (33 per 2.9 Go-Green Initiative of National
cent). The construction of new building space Housing Bank
in urban areas needs to be done in a mindful
manner otherwise it could further add to India‘s • National Housing Bank (NHB) as apex
burgeoning greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions financial institution for housing finance
and make achievement of India‘s commitment to endeavours to promote affordable housing
become carbon neutral by 2070 more difficult. with innovative and green housing
The Government of India is committed to reduce technologies. NHB has identified energy
emission in the residential construction sector. efficient residential housing and habitat
India, during COP26 meeting held at Glasgow, in India as a segment that needs to be
announced its 5-point climate target -Panchamrit addressed.
aiming to become “Net Zero” by 2070. • Bank has partnered with various institutions
such as KfW, Germany; DFID, UK; AFD,
The green buildings market in India is currently
France etc. from time to time to promote
at a nascent stage of development, with only
green housing.
5 per cent buildings being classified as green.
As of now, green labelling is skewed towards • NHB and KfW collaborated for promoting
commercial buildings and a small percentage Energy Efficient New Residential Housing
of (5-7 per cent) of green labelled buildings are way back in 2010, before India was a
signatory to COP21 in 2015.

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• The programme was successfully completed • The program led to energy savings: 2,914,984
by 2013 involving a credit line of Euro 50 units pa, Water consumption reduction:
million (Approx ₹382 crore used for ~ 2000 1,59,510 cu m/pa, Waste reduction of 1741
residential units). The targeted savings was tons and Net Green Gases impact of 2332
30 per cent over a standard house. However, tons/pa.
we could achieve an overall savings of about • The Bank organised Awareness programmes
34 per cent including active and passive on Green Housing in Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata,
measures. Bengaluru, and Chennai.
• NHB, in partnership with AFD, launched • The Bank conducted training programmes
SUNREF (Sustainable Use of Natural for State Housing officials (Ghaziabad
Resources and Energy Facility) Green Housing Development Authority, Bhopal
India Programme in the residential sector Development Authority, Haryana Housing
in August 2017 with financing component Board) as well as for Development
of Euro 100 million (approx. ₹811 crore Authorities in North-Eastern states. Training
for ~ 5300 residential units) and technical programmes for Developers, PLIs were also
assistance grant of Euro 12 million. conducted. National Study Tours to Light
• The Programme aimed at reducing the House Projects were organised.
negative impact of housing industry on
environment, increasing saving in energy and 2.10 Research Studies
water bills by encouraging the development
of green residential houses with efficient National Housing Bank funded five research
building material use, scaling up green and studies to Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs)
affordable housing projects in India and across India under various themes pertaining to
providing low- and middle-income groups Housing and Housing finance sector. The reports
with green affordable housing. are available on the Bank’s website.

Box 2.5: Summary of Major Findings of the Research Report funded

by NHB to Indian Institute of Management (IIMs)

1. How to Improve the Uptake in Reverse Annuity Mortgage

Nearly 10 per cent, the share of senior citizens in India will double by 2050. As citizens age,
the relevance of owning physical assets dwindles, but the need for liquid, financial assets turn
increasingly critical (primarily due to increased healthcare needs). Anecdotal evidence suggests
that during FY 2014-15, 24 Banks and housing finance companies (HFCs) issued ₹17,000 crore.
The research project seeks to find reasons why RAM could not become a popular mortgage
product despite its benefits to both the supply and demand sides. The research was conducted
through structured interview of stakeholders viz. senior executive from Banks/lending
institutions and potential customers. The interview responses were subjectively analyzed and
processed into policy recommendations.

• Supply-side roadblocks to Reverse Annuity Mortgage (RAM)

Many respondents from lending institutions lacked awareness and did not understand the

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 product correctly. Several respondents perceive RAM as a sign of distress. The product is
perceived as more suited to senior citizens who are not cared for by their children.

• RAM as perceived on the demand side

On demand side, for some respondents, RAM promised financial independence of senior
citizens, unlocking equity into cash flows. Other were averse towards adopting RAM driven
by a perception that RAM signals financial distress. They feel that RAM implies parents’
lack of willingness to let their children inherit the property. Some were concerned about
the risk of losing their property.

• Recommendations
o An overwhelming proportion of respondents pointed towards lack of awareness
both among customers and Bank managers related to RAM, GoI/NHB could consider
allocating a budget for the awareness program.
o Ensure state-level co-operation for property records data. This will help in ensuring that
liquidation of the collateral or dealing with the legal heirs at the actual maturity are
simple for lenders.
o RAM could be included within the priority-sector lending. The interest rates applicable
to such products can be regulated.
o LTV should be applicable to the gross Present Value (PV) of the advances rather than
to the Future Value. This will make the RAM advances more attractive to seniors.
o NHB could consider offering “No negative equity guaranty” (NNEG) to lenders wherein
the mortgagors’ liability is limited to the collateral.
o Taxation –Lenders could be allowed to recognize the total accrued interest at the
actual maturity as a long-term capital gain (LTCG) for a favorable tax treatment.
o Once the reverse EMI is paid to the seniors, they should be free to use it the way they
prefer. Any oversight/ restriction on the use of advances is counterproductive.
o The minimum age for RAM eligibility in India could be reduced to 50 years.
o Seniors with multiple real estate assets (of any type: commercial or residential) should
be able to choose the one they wish to pledge for RAM.
o As per present requirement, the collateral must be the primary residence of seniors.
Removing this restriction will give more freedom to seniors.
o FinTech: Some respondents complained about cumbersome underwriting process for
physically compromised seniors. To reduce facetime with the seniors, especially during
the origination, FinTech firms could be engaged to promote innovation.
o Promoting securitization of RAM could further help with fostering the market. RAMs
could lead to a large variety of Zero-coupon bonds (ZCB) with staggered maturity.

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 2. Understanding the Potential of Reverse Mortgages in India: A Study of Senior Citizens’
Perceptions and Attitudes
By 2050, the share of older persons will double to 20.8 percent, with the absolute number at
347 million (India Ageing Report, 2023). Experience from other countries demonstrates how
well the house-for-pension program can incorporate and utilize the full benefit of enabling
senior citizens to own property and be able to pay for their necessities.
The scope of the study is primarily focused on the perception and attitude of the borrowers
with reference to RML products in India. A total of 112 respondents (50+ age group) were
contacted and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted to capture the qualitative views
of various stakeholders including bankers, prospective borrowers, subject matter experts
practitioners in this field.
o The findings indicate that age, education level, and health insurance have not significantly
impacted the awareness level whereas gender and annual income have a significant impact
on the awareness level of RMLs. Male respondents appear to have higher awareness and
knowledge of the product compared to females. These disparities in awareness can be
attributed to cultural and societal factors, reflecting traditional gender roles and economic
dynamics in Indian society.
o The study arrived at four important factors that could influence potential consumers of
RML. They are comprehensive benefit, inheritance and family, alternatives, and perception.
Moreover, the Focused Group Discussion (FGD) has opened up other aspects like regulatory
barriers, interest rates, awareness, perceptions, and alternatives.
o The bankers do not find any incentive or motivation to promote the product. They perceive
that the associated risk with RML is same when comparing the regular mortgage.

• Recommendations
Based on findings from the study, it is evident that awareness among senior citizens
is minimal and their attitude and perception towards RML are not positive due to lack
of proper marketing. Thus, the researcher proposed the following suggestions such as
Aggressive marketing, creating awareness among the senior citizens, consideration of
cultural sensitivity, policy modifications, etc.

3. Green residential buildings in India: Cost, Affordability and Financing Strategies

Residential construction accounts for a large share of building construction in India. Economic
growth, demographic shift and rising affluence would increase the demand for residential
construction in future. Building sector will play a major role in India’s net zero agenda. The
research examined the (i) life-cycle cost of green residential buildings in India (ii) estimate
the impact of cost of green buildings on affordability for a homebuyer (iii) proposes key
considerations for lenders in designing financing products for green buildings.

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 The study employs a simple spreadsheet model to calculate the financial incentives required to
offset the increase in cost of green building over a conventional building and to calculate the
affordability of housing across various income categories with associated house sizes in both
Tier I and Tier II cities. The study conducts few surveys of the stakeholders (lenders and builders)
to identify key problems associated with green buildings.
o The results indicate that green features increase the cost of construction by 3.6 per
cent. This increase in the cost of construction would strain affordability of households in
economically weaker sections (EWS), low income and middle-income households, who
constitute a major proportion of households in India.
o Results from survey of lenders suggest that return on capital is paramount determinant of
their investment decisions. Lenders are not offering much discount on interest rates for
buyers of green residential buildings. However, there is a discount of 0.5-1 per cent on
green building construction loans to developers.
o Most of the responders agree that usually they have a policy of lower due diligence
requirements for evaluating green residential building projects. Some of them also report
that they do consider a lower hurdle rate specific to green residential building projects and
also charge lower fees for evaluating the same. This goes to show that lenders have an
active policy in place for evaluating green residential projects.
• Recommendations
o Based on the study, an important policy advocacy will be to put in place regulatory
prescriptions on commercial Banks to provide 0.5-1 per cent discounts on interest rate on
housing loans for homebuyers.
o Programs such as PMAY should offer subsidy for green buildings, especially for BPL/ EWS
and LIG households.
o Stamp duty reduction and higher FAR could be a possible way to offset additional cost to
home buyers and developers respectively.
o Secondary mortgage market that can develop securities based on pool of green residential
loans can attract investors who prefer to invest in green bonds. This will reduce the cost of
capital for lenders.
o Lenders may avail green deposits as some Banks have taken recourse to, which may reduce
the cost of capital for the Banks.
4. Green Residential Housing: Making cost effective & Affordable
Higher cost of green housing (as compared to conventional buildings) remains a significant
barrier, especially in the developing economies. One of the reasons of the cost premium
associated with green housing is the green construction materials. The study traces the supply
chain of green construction materials in India to understand the challenges encountered by
supply chain members and to identify the factors leading to higher cost of green construction
materials and understand the interrelationships among them. A total of thirty-five semi-
structured interviews belonging to thirty two different firms were conducted through online
mode. These firms were members of supply chain of different green materials (like fly ash
bricks, green glass, steel, cement and low VOC paints). The findings are summarized as under:
o The supply chain members are encountering problems relating to: (i) External environment
related challenges: Demand and Supply of fly ash (ii) Operations related challenges:

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 Production of machinery and production process (iii) Inbound logistics challenges: Weather,
procurement and transportation (iv) Outbound logistics challenges: Related to delivery
failure and third-party logistics (v) Marketing and Sales challenges: Related to raising
customer awareness and sales.
o The factors leading to higher cost of green construction materials are due to (i) Fuel and
energy related factors: Expensive energy and fuel (ii) Logistics related factors: Mode of
transport restrictions and costlier transportation (iii) Marketing and production related
factors: Costlier marketing and advertising and expensive processing and packaging (iv)
Raw material related factors: Costlier raw material, higher inventory cost and increase in
raw material prices.
• Recommendations
o Government agencies (at central, state, and municipal levels) and various industry
associations should take more initiatives to increase awareness regarding the environmental
and economic benefits of green housing and green construction materials.
o Green material manufacturers should be encouraged to obtain certification for their
products, in order to increase the end user’s willingness to pay for their products.
o The tendering and fixed quota-based system of supply of fly ash may be re-investigated, as
the small-scale producers are unable to procure the product.
o In the case of paver blocks the cost of raw material can be reduced by extending more
assistance through municipal corporations in supplying segregated plastic waste to the
manufacturers.
o To address the factors pertaining to fuel and energy, switching over to renewable energy
would be a clear and preferable option as the same would bring down the production cost.
5. A study on perception of different stakeholders on 3D Concrete Printing manufactured
housing units
Innovative construction technologies such as 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) have emerged as
potential solutions to address the housing shortage - faster, more cost-effective, and sustainable
construction methods. The study was undertaken with the following objectives:
(a) Study of the evolution of 3DCP, (b) Design and develop a 3 DCP prototype (c) Stakeholder’s
Perception and Analysis and (d) Provide Recommendations to improve the adoption of
3DCP technology.
As part of the study, a 3D concrete printer prototype was designed and developed to
demonstrate a Proof of Concept (POC) tangibly and interactively. Field visits to the lab at IIT
Madras and India’s first 3D-printed post office in Bengaluru were also conducted. Data was
collected from the four groups of identified stakeholders, namely (a) Builders and Contractors
(b) Consumers (c) Banks and financial institutions, and (d) Academic and research community
through an open-ended questionnaire and interviews (80 participants). The perception of
stakeholders have been categorized as under:
• Knowledge and Awareness – Awareness varied across stakeholders. Addressing knowledge
gaps is crucial for mainstreaming 3DCP, necessitating targeted education and widespread
information dissemination across stakeholder groups.

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• Perceived benefits and challenges – Stakeholders expressed enthusiasm for the
transformative potential of 3DCP in construction, anticipating cost reduction, time efficiency
material conservation and sustainability advantages. They emphasize 3DCP’s potential to
address labour and cost challenges within the construction process.
• Challenges - Consumers express concerns about the perceived high cost of 3D concrete
printing compared to traditional methods. Acceptance challenges exist, particularly in rural
areas where skepticism about the technology’s quality persists. Addressing regulatory and
technical issues, including standards, is crucial for widespread acceptance. Concerns among
builders and contractors encompass structural integrity, seamless integration of 3D-printed
parts, and the durability of structures. Feasibility issues arise for multi-floor construction and
potential job loss due to automation. Banks and Financial stakeholders raise reservations about
public acceptance.
• Quality and Durability - While Consumers express optimism, some also express skepticism,
emphasizing the need to address doubts through awareness building. Builders’ perspectives on
the quality and durability of 3D-printed structures vary, with some anticipating improvements
while others prefer traditional methods.
• Stakeholder Involvement & Skilling needs – Banking and Financial Institutions recognize
the demand for updated expertise, highlighting the importance of skill development. Academia
and the research community anticipate streamlined tasks and acknowledge a shift in expertise
toward equipment and software.
• Market Adoption, Acceptance & Barriers - Stakeholders hold varying views on the market
adoption and acceptance of 3DCP. They expressed concerns about regulatory hurdles, economic
considerations, and logistical challenges. Identified barriers encompass Government support,
regulatory concerns, lack of skilled professionals, and high initial costs. Overcoming these
hurdles requires a multifaceted approach involving skill development, awareness campaigns,
and Government support.
• Environmental Impact & Sustainability – Consumer cautiously embrace the potential cost
reduction and efficiency gains associated with 3D concrete printing, highlighting positive
aspects such as reduced material waste and enhanced efficiency.
• Recommendations
o To integrate 3DCP into mainstream construction in the housing sector, it is essential to
address knowledge gaps among stakeholders through awareness programs.
o Establish Center of Excellence (CoE) to foster research and development in 3DCP.
o Establish quality assurance standards and certifications for 3D concrete printing technology.
o Allocate funds for constructing model projects designed for demonstration purposes.
o Offer subsidies, financial incentives, and preferential loan terms to architects, builders, and
contractors, adopting sustainable and innovative practices and encouraging the adoption
of 3D concrete printing technology.
o Implement initiatives to make 3D-printed housing units more accessible and affordable for
a wider range of consumers.
o Academic institutions to design courses in 3DCP and train students in the emerging contexts
of 3DCP.
Note: The findings and recommendations are of the views of the researchers and not of the Bank.

******************

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 CHAPTER 3
OPERATIONS AND
PERFORMANCE OF PLIs IN
HOUSING FINANCE
 Introductory Summary
Chapter 3
Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) have played a pivotal role in facilitating access to
housing loans across diverse income segments in India.
Housing loans as a percentage of GDP increased from 3.20 per cent in 2001-02 to
6.60 per cent in 2011-12 and further to 11.29 per cent in FY 2023-24. The share
of outstanding Housing Loans in Total Loans outstanding for Scheduled Commercial
Banks increased to 16.57 per cent in March 2024 from 9.41 per cent in March 2010.
HFCs have a dominating presence in the Northern and Southern parts of the country.
The Individual Housing Loan outstanding as on September 30, 2024 stood at
₹33,53,668 crore with a Y-o-Y growth of 14.08 per cent. This comprises 18.7 per cent
share by Housing Finance Companies, 43.8 per cent by Public Sector Banks and 37.5
per cent by Private Banks. On a standalone basis, IHL book of HFCs, PSBs & PVBs grew
Y-o-Y by 13.9 per cent, 17.4 per cent and 10.5 per cent respectively as compared to
September 2023.
Cumulative Individual Housing Loan (IHL) disbursement during H1 FY25 (6M) stood at
₹4,10,416 crore and were up by 2.96 per cent. This comprised 21.7 per cent share by
HFCs, 42.5 per cent by PSBs and 35.8 per cent by PVBs. Cumulative disbursement for
H1 FY25 by HFCs & PSBs increased Y-o-Y by 8.6 per cent & 15.3 per cent respectively
HY 1 FY 24, whereas for PVBs the cumulative disbursement for H1 FY25 contracted by
11.1 per cent over H1 of the previous year.
The total loan portfolio of HFCs increased by 14.36 per cent to ₹9,57,664 crore as
on March 31, 2024, of which, Housing Loans increased by 11.88 per cent and Non-
Housing Loans increased by 21.00 per cent. Total Net Owned Funds of HFCs increased
by 16.37 per cent from ₹1,36,502 crore as on March 31, 2023, to ₹1,58,841 crore as
on March 31, 2024. The outstanding Borrowings of HFCs (including Public Deposits)
as on March 31, 2024, were ₹8,18,916 crore, with an annual growth of 12.88 per
cent. The outstanding Public Deposits stood at ₹24,764 crore as on March 31, 2024,
registering a Y-o-Y growth of 3.30 per cent over previous year. GNPA to Total Loans
& Advances stood at 2.32 per cent while NNPA to Total Loans & Advances stood at
1.18 per cent as on March 31, 2024.

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3.1 Housing Sector geographic segments. A strong linkage at the
grassroots level makes them a critical cog in the
The Housing sector is regarded as an engine of financial machine. They cater to the unbanked
economic growth which can give a big push to and underbanked masses in rural and semi-urban
the economy through its strong ‘backward’ and India and lend to the informal sector and people
‘forward’ linkages. Increasing the supply and without credit histories, thereby enabling the
quality of housing has a multiplier effect on the Government and regulators to realize the mission
economy by boosting the primary sector (raw of financial inclusion.
materials), manufacturing sector (construction
materials) and the service sector (architects and Housing Loan Portfolio of SCBs and HFCs
engineers, skilled labours, banking and finance). Housing loans as a percentage of GDP increased
The sector has gained paramount importance from 3.20 per cent in 2001-02 to 6.60 per cent
in Government policies and private investments. in 2011-12 and further to 11.29 per cent in FY
Government initiatives and policy support play 2023-24 (Graph 3.1)
a pivotal role in driving the growth of India’s The share of outstanding Housing Loans in Total
Housing market. These initiatives have not only Loans outstanding for Scheduled Commercial
stimulated demand and supply but also enhanced Banks increased to 16.57 per cent in March 2024
transparency, credibility, and affordability within from 9.41 per cent in March 2010. (Graph 3.2)
the sector.
The quarterly movement of outstanding Individual
Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) have played a Housing loan of HFCs since March 2021 is shown
pivotal role in facilitating access to housing loans in (Graph 3.3). IHL outstanding has increased
across diverse income segments in India. They from ₹4.09 lakh crore in March 2021 crore to
help fill gaps in the availability of financial services ₹5.96 lakh crore in March 2024 and to ₹6.26
with respect to products as well as customer and lakh crore in September 2024.

157
 Graph 3.1: Outstanding Individual Home Loans of SCBs and HFCs

Source: NHB and RBI

Graph 3.2: Percentage Share of Outstanding Housing Loans in

Total Outstanding Loans (SCBs)

Source: Sectoral Deployment of Gross Bank Credit, RBI

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 Graph 3.3: Outstanding Individual Housing Loan of HFCs
(Amount in ₹ lakh crore)

Source: NHB
*HDFC Limited has been excluded owning to merger with HDFC Bank Limited.

3.2 Credit Flow to Housing Sector by a common template for collection of monthly
Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) MIS on credit flow to housing sector, from all
Scheduled Commercial Banks and Housing
Housing Finance Repository Finance Companies. The HFR portal of National
Housing Bank accounts for more than 95 per
In view of the need for assessment of the overall
cent of data on Individual Housing Credit.
flow of housing credit to different income
segments and to different geographical areas viz. The key highlights of credit flow to housing sector
Rural/Urban across States, NHB has developed using the data for disbursement and outstanding
of Individual Housing Loan are presented below.

Table 3.1: Individual Housing Loan Outstanding and Disbursement of PLIs

(Amount in ` crore)
Cumulative IHL Disbursement*
Outstanding* as on
Primary Lending Institutions 6M
September’23 September’24 H1FY24 H1FY25
Housing Finance Companies
5,49,293 6,25,813 81,993 89,075
(HFCs)
of which
EWS 59,207 67,144 8,109 10,603
LIG 1,67,667 1,78,251 20,648 18,781
MIG 2,38,580 2,71,893 37,677 36,430
HIG 83,838 1,08,524 15,559 23,260
Public Sector Banks 12,52,239 14,70,341 1,51,145 1,74,250
Private Sector Banks 11,38,341 12,57,514 1,65,482 1,47,092
Total 29,39,872 33,53,668 3,98,620 4,10,416
* For uniformity in comparison, HDFC Limited has been retrospectively considered as a PVB.

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The Individual Housing Loan (IHL) outstanding cent share by HFCs, 42.5 per cent by PSBs
as on 30th September 2024 is `33,53,668 crore. and 35.8 per cent by PVBs.
This comprises 18.7 per cent share by HFCs, 43.8 • On a Y-o-Y basis, the disbursements during H1
per cent by PSBs and 37.5 per cent by PVBs. FY25 were up by 2.96 per cent to ₹4,10,416
• On Q-o-Q basis, growth in IHL Outstanding as compared to H1 FY24 (₹3,98,620 crore
was 2.99 per cent (₹33,53,668 crore as of during HY 1 FY24).
30th September 2024 from ₹32,56,225 crore • Cumulative disbursement for H1FY25 by
as of 30th June, 2024). HFCs & PSBs increased Y-o-Y by 8.6 per
• On a Y-o-Y basis, the IHL outstanding as on cent & 15.3 per cent respectively over
30th September 2024 represents a growth H1FY 24, whereas for PVBs the cumulative
of 14.08 per cent over 30th September 2023 disbursement for H1FY25 contracted by
(₹29,39,872 crore). 11.1 per cent over H1 of the previous year.
• On a standalone basis, IHL book of HFCs, • Disbursement during H1 FY25 accounted for
PSBs & PVBs grew Y-o-Y by 13.9 per cent, 103 per cent of the disbursements during
17.4 per cent and 10.5 per cent respectively H1 FY24 (₹4,10,416 crore for H1 FY25 as
as compared to September 2023. against ₹3,98,620 crore for H1 FY24).
• Cumulative Individual Housing Loan (IHL) • The EWS-LIG segment accounted for 32.99
disbursement during H1 FY25 (6M) stood per cent (EWS: 11.90 per cent & LIG: 21.08
at ₹4,10,416 crore. This comprised 21.7 per per cent) of the disbursement made during
H1 FY 2024-25 by the HFCs.

Table 3.2: Rural Share in Individual Housing Loan by PLIs

(Amount in ₹ crore)
Cumulative* IHL Disbursement
Outstanding* as on (6M)
Primary Lending Institutions
September’23 September’24 September’23 September’24
Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) 39,390 47,032 5,800 6,949
Public Sector Banks (PSBs) 99,836 1,12,402 11,679 12,074
Private Sector Banks (PVBs) 83,095 96,290 13,593 12,535
Total 2,22,322 2,55,724 31,073 31,557
*For uniformity in comparison, HDFC limited has been retrospectively considered as a PVB.

• Rural Housing Loans outstanding stood at over September 30, 2023 level of ₹2,22,322
₹2,55,724 crore (7.63 per cent of the total crore.
IHL Outstanding) as on September 30th, • On a sequential (Q-o-Q) basis, the Rural
2024. IHL outstanding as on September 30, 2024
• As on September 30th, 2024, share of Rural increased by 2.5 per cent from June 30,
Housing Loans in Total IHL outstanding in 2024 level of ₹2,49,562 crore.
respect of HFCs, PSBs and PVBs stood at • The rural IHL Disbursement was ₹31,557
7.52 per cent, 7.64 per cent and 7.66 per crore as on 30th September, 2024 (Cumulative
cent respectively. for H1 FY25). This comprised 22.0 per cent
• On a Y-o-Y basis, Rural IHL Outstanding at share by HFCs, 38.3 per cent by PSBs and
₹2,55,724 crore has grown by 15.0 per cent 39.7 per cent by PVBs.

160
• Disbursement of Rural Home Loans during • The share in respect of HFCs, PSBs and PVBs
H1 FY 24 amounted to 46 per cent of the stood at 7.8 per cent, 6.9 per cent and
FY 2023-24 disbursement last year (₹68,874 8.5 per cent respectively of their total IHL
crore during FY 2023-24). disbursement during H1 FY25.
• Share of Rural Home Loan disbursements • Rural IHL disbursement at ₹31,557 crore
stood at 7.69 per cent of Total IHL during H1 FY25 registered a Y-o-Y Growth
disbursement during H1 FY25. (7.80 per of 1.6 per cent (₹31,073 crore during H1
cent of Total IHL disbursement during H1 FY24).
FY24).

Table 3.3: Region-wise Individual Housing Loan Outstanding & Disbursement by PLIs
(Amount in ₹ crore)
Regions Outstanding as on 30 Cumulative Disbursement
September, 2024 H1FY25
North 8,57,088 1,17,927
West 10,30,543 1,23,697
South 11,84,110 1,43,738
East 2,31,541 25,054
of which
North-East 31,341 2,786
Total 33,53,668 4,10,416
*pool buyout amount of `50,386 crore is not allocated to any state

• 14 states (viz. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra
Pradesh, Rajasthan, Kerala, Haryana, Delhi, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Punjab) contributed
approximately 91 per cent of the Individual Housing Finance Market in terms of IHL Outstanding.
• Sectoral analysis of the data reveals that the Eastern and North-Eastern states account for only
6.90 per cent of the total Individual housing loan book.

Box 3.1: Regional Disparity in Housing Finance

Regional variation in credit flow for housing has been observed across the states in India. The
Southern, Western and Northern States of the country account for 35.02 per cent, 30.14 per cent
and 28.73 per cent share respectively, of the cumulative disbursements done during H1FY 2024-
25 whereas the share of Eastern states (inclusive of the north-eastern states) is 6.10 per cent. The
North-eastern states account for 0.68 per cent of the total IHL disbursements during the H1FY
2024-25.

161
 Zone wise IHL Disbursements for H1 FY 2024-25
(Cumulative for H1 FY 2024-25)
(Amount in ` crore)

Similarly, the share of Southern, Western and Northern states in IHL Outstanding are 35.31 per
cent, 30.73 per cent and 25.56 per cent respectively. Eastern States and North-eastern states with
6.90 per cent and 0.93 per cent of the total Individual Housing Finance Sector remain comparatively
under-penetrated. Government and regulators are making consistent efforts for increasing the
mortgage penetration in underserved areas. The Co-lending model has been put forward with
the aim to leverage the liquidity base of the banks and reach of HFCs to deliver formal housing
credit to the bottom of the pyramid and increase credit flow for housing. The changing economic
environment in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities has created demand for housing in these cities. PLIs are
making focused approach to serve the demand by devising products and leveraging the co-lending
model.

Zone wise IHL Outstanding as on 30 September 2024

(Amount in ` crore)

162
 3.3 Ratio of IHL Outstanding to Gross State Domestic Product as on September 2024

IHL O/s to Gross State Domestic Product

0.00

0.00

Map not to scale

Source: NHB & MOSPI

Chandigarh UT recorded the highest ratio of IHL O/S to Gross State Domestic Product at 25.91 per cent

163
The national average of Outstanding Individual Individual Housing Loan to GSDP ranges from
Housing Loan to GSDP ratio stood at 10.93 1.5 per cent to 7.8 per cent.
per cent (including pool buyout outstanding
amount of `50,836 crore the ratio stands at 3.4 State-wise Performance of
11.10 per cent) as on March 2024. The state Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs)
wise distribution of IHL to GSDP ratio shows that
in Outstanding Individual Housing
Maharashtra ranked the highest with a share of
18.49 per cent followed by Telangana (18.44 per
Loans (IHL)
cent) and Karnataka (14.28 per cent). However,
The state wise Outstanding Individual Housing
for the Central States & Eastern States, North-
Loan of Public Sector Banks, Private Sector
Eastern States and States of Jammu & Kashmir
Banks & Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) as
and Himachal Pradesh, the ratio of Outstanding
of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024 are
presented in the tables below.
Table 3.4: State-wise - Individual Housing Loan – Outstanding
(Amount in ₹ crore)
SL. State/UT Name IHL Outstanding 31st Mar 2024 IHL Outstanding 30th Sept 2024
No.
HFCs PSBs PVBs Total HFCs PSBs PVBs Total

1 Uttar Pradesh 57,193 81,650 70,933 2,09,775 58,819 86,991 72,502 2,18,312
2 Madhya Pradesh 29,051 40,753 26,660 96,464 31,235 42,495 27,595 1,01,324
3 Rajasthan 32,283 57,850 36,718 1,26,852 34,522 60,425 37,658 1,32,605
4 Haryana 15,303 41,025 66,354 1,22,682 15,739 44,231 65,904 1,25,874
5 Delhi 25,377 61,818 41,518 1,28,712 26,849 48,489 44,153 1,19,491
6 Punjab 7,296 26,662 23,230 57,188 7,690 27,949 24,162 59,800
7 Chhattisgarh 5,322 17,046 7,569 29,937 5,553 17,764 7,652 30,968
8 Uttarakhand 8,480 12,157 8,732 29,368 8,936 12,769 8,865 30,570
9 Himachal Pradesh 157 9,513 402 10,072 162 10,071 428 10,662
10 Chandigarh 2,267 7,561 3,224 13,052 2,323 8,048 3,326 13,696
11 Jammu and 40 2,351 10,111 12,502 51 2,519 10,699 13,270
Kashmir
12 Ladakh - 61 399 460 - 73 442 515
North Total 1,82,768 3,58,445 2,95,850 8,37,063 1,91,878 3,61,824 3,03,387 8,57,088

13 West Bengal 13,193 64,859 28,822 1,06,874 13,341 68,471 29,776 1,11,587
14 Bihar 5,520 24,702 5,038 35,260 5,737 26,236 5,229 37,202
15 Jharkhand 3,905 11,547 1,924 17,376 3,998 12,099 1,967 18,064
16 Odisha 5,421 20,805 5,611 31,837 5,795 21,768 5,783 33,345
17 Assam 2,093 13,679 3,650 19,422 2,136 14,151 3,765 20,052
18 Tripura 209 1,931 225 2,366 226 2,018 231 2,474
19 Mizoram - 1,296 13 1,309 - 1,400 14 1,414
20 Manipur 33 1,758 138 1,929 17 1,871 146 2,034

164
 SL. State/UT Name IHL Outstanding 31st Mar 2024 IHL Outstanding 30th Sept 2024
No.
HFCs PSBs PVBs Total HFCs PSBs PVBs Total

21 Meghalaya - 1,024 7 1,031 - 1,085 7 1,091

22 Sikkim 1,120 1,588 7 2,715 1,113 1,685 7 2,805
23 Arunachal Pradesh 3 840 0 843 3 893 0 896
24 Nagaland 2 524 10 535 0 562 12 575
East Total 31,499 1,44,552 45,446 2,21,496 32,365 1,52,239 46,937 2,31,541

25 Gujarat 30,180 75,525 1,51,817 2,57,522 31,891 80,523 1,57,729 2,70,142

26 Maharashtra 1,08,405 2,80,947 3,36,441 7,25,793 1,12,044 2,85,636 3,49,933 7,47,613
Dadra & NH and
27 35 960 922 1,917 40 1,004 939 1,984
Daman & Diu
28 Goa 620 7,135 2,585 10,340 613 7,396 2,769 10,779
29 Lakshadweep - 26 - 26 - 26 - 26
West Total 1,39,240 3,64,593 4,91,764 9,95,597 1,44,588 3,74,585 5,11,371 10,30,543

30 Tamil Nadu 63,681 1,10,789 90,692 2,65,162 65,934 1,15,471 92,446 2,73,851
31 Karnataka 67,726 1,44,853 1,25,483 3,38,062 72,461 1,52,847 1,31,888 3,57,196
32 Telangana 70,880 91,406 95,663 2,57,949 76,068 97,458 1,03,450 2,76,976
33 Andhra Pradesh 29,008 86,855 24,102 1,39,965 30,807 90,195 25,104 1,46,106
34 Kerala 10,777 70,549 40,395 1,21,720 11,040 72,963 41,010 1,25,013
35 Puducherry 669 2,177 1,321 4,167 671 2,246 1,292 4,210
36 Andaman and - 750 6 756 - 752 6 758
Nicobar Islands
South Total 2,42,741 5,07,380 3,77,660 11,27,781 2,56,982 5,31,931 3,95,196 11,84,110

37 HLs not allotted to 5,647 151 5,798 49,763 624 50,386

any State*
All India Total 5,96,248 13,80,617 12,10,871 31,87,736 6,25,813 14,70,341 12,57,514 33,53,668
* Pool buyout figures that cannot be allocated to a specific state.
** For uniformity in comparison, HDFC limited has retrospectively been considered as a PVB.

3.5 State-wise Performance of Primary Lending Institutions (PLIs) in

Disbursement of Individual Housing Loans (IHL)
The state wise Cumulative Disbursement of Individual Housing Loan of Public Sector Banks, Private
Sector Banks & Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) during FY 2023-24 and 6M FY 2025 are presented
in the tables below.

165
 Table 3.5: All India - Individual Housing Loan - Cumulative Disbursement
(Amount in ₹ crore)
SL. IHL Disbursement FY 24 IHL Disbursement H1 FY 25
State/UT Name
No. HFCs PSBs PVBs Total HFCs PSBs PVBs Total
1 Uttar Pradesh 16,157 22,225 19,762 58,143 7,908 11,262 8,455 27,625
2 Madhya Pradesh 10,534 9,146 7,414 27,093 5,085 4,539 3,184 12,808
3 Rajasthan 11,790 14,053 9,621 35,464 5,907 6,747 4,266 16,920
4 Haryana 5,502 13,481 23,461 42,445 3,041 7,531 11,030 21,603
5 Delhi 10,493 30,758 15,673 56,924 5,205 7,426 7,087 19,718
6 Punjab 2,816 6,388 5,858 15,062 1,408 3,167 2,664 7,240
7 Chhattisgarh 1,699 4,226 1,864 7,788 823 1,938 773 3,534
8 Uttarakhand 2,582 2,846 2,134 7,562 1,264 1,467 888 3,620
9 Himachal Pradesh 44 2,357 84 2,484 20 1,155 58 1,233
10 Chandigarh 710 2,221 1,086 4,017 371 1,249 473 2,094
11 Jammu and Kashmir 14 556 2,547 3,117 9 298 1,151 1,458
12 Ladakh - 15 104 119 - 14 61 75
North Total 62,341 1,08,272 89,606 2,60,219 31,043 46,794 40,090 1,17,927

13 West Bengal 2,854 15,362 8,345 26,560 1,288 8,033 3,487 12,808
14 Bihar 1,143 5,708 1,336 8,186 523 2,728 561 3,812
15 Jharkhand 781 2,814 459 4,054 336 1,350 195 1,882
16 Odisha 1,589 5,334 1,662 8,585 798 2,332 637 3,767
17 Assam 410 2,797 855 4,061 170 1,191 333 1,694
18 Tripura 59 443 70 572 30 201 24 256
19 Mizoram - 312 6 318 - 175 2 178
20 Manipur 3 294 27 324 1 157 14 172
21 Meghalaya - 204 0 205 - 112 0 112
22 Sikkim 142 355 1 498 60 169 1 230
23 Arunachal Pradesh 1 186 0 187 0 82 0 83
24 Nagaland 0 126 5 131 - 59 3 62
East Total 6,981 33,933 12,766 53,681 3,206 16,590 5,258 25,054

25 Gujarat 10,566 19,383 39,664 69,613 4,897 10,368 17,324 32,589

26 Maharashtra 30,729 96,412 89,295 2,16,435 14,273 38,337 37,130 89,740
Dadra & NH and
27 14 224 206 444 7 104 87 199
Daman & Diu
28 Goa 102 1,629 798 2,529 43 735 390 1,168
29 Lakshadweep - 4 - 4 - 2 - 2
West Total 41,411 1,17,652 1,29,962 2,89,025 19,220 49,547 54,931 1,23,697

30 Tamil Nadu 16,549 26,613 22,498 65,660 8,203 13,069 10,254 31,526
31 Karnataka 23,254 39,723 39,985 1,02,961 11,627 20,374 17,126 49,127
32 Telangana 21,639 23,584 29,390 74,613 10,475 12,077 12,952 35,504
33 Andhra Pradesh 8,703 20,238 6,109 35,050 4,163 9,068 2,600 15,831
34 Kerala 2,191 13,888 9,065 25,144 1,059 6,461 3,780 11,300
35 Puducherry 170 477 254 901 78 224 101 402

166
 SL. IHL Disbursement FY 24 IHL Disbursement H1 FY 25
State/UT Name
No. HFCs PSBs PVBs Total HFCs PSBs PVBs Total
Andaman and
36 - 113 1 113 - 47 1 48
Nicobar Islands
South Total 72,507 1,24,635 1,07,301 3,04,443 35,605 61,319 46,813 1,43,738

All India Total 1,83,239 3,84,493 3,39,635 9,07,368 89,075 1,74,250 1,47,092 4,10,416
*For uniformity in comparison, HDFC Limited has retrospectively been considered as a PVB.

3.6 Performance of Housing Finance before accepting public deposits. The remaining
Companies 81 HFCs did not have the permission to accept
public deposits. Out of 93 HFCs, 72 were Public
Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) are Limited Companies and 21 were Private Limited
specialized institutions registered under the Companies.
National Housing Bank Act, 1987. The financial
year for registered HFCs is from 1st April to 31st 3.6.2 Branches/Offices Network of HFCs
March. The financial performance of all Housing The number of Branches/Offices of HFCs
Finance Companies as on March 31, 2024 vis-à- increased from 7,302 as on March 31, 2022,
vis previous years is provided at Appendix II. to 8,833 as on March 31, 2023 to 9,491 as on
March 31, 2024.
3.6.1 Classification of HFCs under Public
Ltd. and Private Ltd. HFC have a dominating presence in the Northern
and Southern parts of the country. As on March
As on June 30, 2024, the total number of 31, 2024, the Northern states had 38 per cent of
registered Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) HFCs branches, followed by Southern states with
stood at 93, of which, 9 HFCs have permission 35 per cent of the branches. HFCs have a share of
to accept public deposits, and 3 HFCs require 3.5 per cent in the Eastern states of India. There
prior written permission from the Regulator are only 59 branches of HFCs in Northeast India.
Graph 3.4: Number of branches of HFCs and Category of HFCs

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

167
Similarly, Union Territories have 248 branches, of Jammu and Kashmir, Tripura and Dadra & Nagar
which 203 are in Delhi alone. Haveli and Daman & Diu.
As on March 31, 2024, HFCs did not have any These untapped markets represent huge
branch in States/UTs of Arunachal Pradesh, opportunity for HFCs and adopting alternative
Ladakh, Lakshadweep, Meghalaya, Mizoram, models by getting into Co-Lending arrangements
Nagaland and Andaman & Nicobar Islands. will help to penetrate and expand in deeper
States and UTs with less than 5 branches are markets of India.

Graph 3.5 State/Union Territory-wise Branches/Offices details of HFCs

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

There is a need for more equitable and balanced March 31, 2024, excluding APAC Housing
distribution of branch network of HFCs across Finance Private Limited (Cancellation of CoR),
the country so that the regions still relying on Ind Bank Housing Limited, (Cancellation of
informal segments for credit can be brought CoR), National Trust Housing Finance Limited
under the ambit of formal credit. (Cancellation of CoR), Reliance Home Finance
Limited (Cancellation of CoR) and Housing
3.7 Financial Profile of HFCs Development Finance Corporation Limited
(merged with HDFC Bank).
The data provided under this chapter is as on

168
 Box 3.2: Performance Highlights of registered HFCs

Performance Highlights of registered HFCs are as under:

• Total loan portfolio of HFCs increased by 14.36 per cent from ₹8,37,408 crore as on March 31,
2023, to ₹9,57,664 crore as on March 31, 2024, of which,
o Housing Loans increased by 11.88 per cent from ₹6,09,964 crore as on March 31, 2023,
to ₹6,82,455 crore as on March 31, 2024.
o Non-Housing Loans increased by 21.00 per cent from ₹2,27,443 crore as on March 31,
2023, to ₹2,75,209 crore as on March 31, 2024.
o The share of outstanding Housing Loans to Total Loans declined to 71 per cent as on
March 31, 2024, from 73 per cent as on March 31, 2023.
• Total Net Owned Funds of HFCs increased by 16.37 per cent from ₹1,36,502 crore as on March
31, 2023, to ₹1,58,841 crore as on March 31, 2024.
• The outstanding Borrowings of HFCs (including Public Deposits) as on March 31, 2024, were
₹8,18,916 crore, with an annual growth of 12.88 per cent
• The outstanding Public Deposits stood at ₹24,764 crore as on March 31, 2024, registering a
Y-o-Y growth of 3.30 per cent over previous year.
• GNPA to Total Loans & Advances stood at 2.32 per cent as on March 31, 2024.
• NNPA to Total Loans & Advances stood at 1.18 per cent as on March 31, 2024.

A summary of the key financial parameters of HFCs is given in the table below:

Table 3.6: Key Financial Indicators of HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)

Per cent Variation

Outstanding as on
Particulars (Y-o-Y)
March’22 March’23 March’24 2022-23 2023-24
Paid up Capital 39,412 41,878 45,260 6.26 8.08
Free Reserves 1,10,716 1,22,158 1,47,737 10.33 20.94
Net Owned Fund (NOF) 1,15,796 1,36,502 1,58,841 17.88 16.37
Public Deposits 24,776 23,973 24,764 -3.24 3.30
Housing Loans 5,46,852 6,09,964 6,82,455 11.54 11.88
Total Loans & Advances 7,61,022 8,37,408 9,57,664 10.04 14.36
GNPA to o/s Total Loans (%) 3.93% 3.21% 2.32%
NNPA to o/s Total Loans (%) 2.17% 1.76% 1.18%

Housing Loans of HFCs grew by 11.88 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-24 as compared to a growth of 11.54
per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2022-23. The Y-o-Y growth in Total Loan and Advances was 14.36 per cent Y-o-Y
in FY 2023-24 and 10.04 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2022-23. Public deposits of HFCs registered a growth of
3.30 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-24.

169
3.7.1 Key Performance Indicators of HFCs- Categorization of HFCs on the basis of
Public Ltd. and Private Ltd.
As on March 31, 2024, there were 72 Public Limited Companies and 21 Private Limited Companies. The
key financial parameters of Public Ltd. HFCs and Private Ltd. HFCs are provided below:

Table 3.7: Performance of HFCs- Public Ltd. and Private Ltd.

(Amount in ₹ crore)
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024
Particulars Public Private Public Private Public Private
Total Total Total
Ltd. Ltd. Ltd. Ltd. Ltd. Ltd.
Paid up Capital 37,697 1,715 39,412 40,043 1,835 41,878 43,153 2,107 45,260
Free Reserves 1,09,687 1,029 1,10,716 1,20,815 1,343 1,22,158 1,45,726 2,011 1,47,737
Net Owned
1,13,110 2,686 1,15,796 1,33,461 3,041 1,36,502 1,55,089 3,752 1,58,841
Fund (NOF)
Public Deposits 24,776 - 24,776 23,973 - 23,973 24,764 - 24,764
Housing Loans 5,43,016 3,836 5,46,852 6,05,003 4,961 6,09,965 6,75,489 6,965 6,82,455

In FY 2023-24, the Housing Loans of Private Limited HFCs grew by 40.40 per cent Y-o-Y while that of
Public Limited HFCs grew by 11.65 per cent.

3.7.2 Key Performance Indicators of HFCs- on the basis of Public Deposit Accepting and
Non-Public Deposit Accepting HFCs
The key financial parameters of HFCs, segregated into Public Deposit accepting and Non-Public Deposits
accepting, are placed in the table below:

Table 3.8: Performance of HFCs- Public Deposit Accepting and Non-Accepting

(Amount in ₹ crore)
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024
Non-Deposit

Non-Deposit

Non-Deposit
Accepting

Accepting

Accepting
accepting

accepting

accepting
Deposit

Deposit

Deposit

Particulars
HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

HFCs

Total Total Total

Paid up Capital 3,937 35,475 39,412 4,041 37,837 41,878 4,131 41,129 45,260
Free Reserves 55,231 55,484 1,10,716 59,940 62,218 1,22,158 70,957 76,780 1,47,737
Net Owned
54,642 61,154 1,15,796 60,045 76,457 1,36,502 71,157 87,684 1,58,841
Fund (NOF)
Public Deposits 24,776 0 24,776 23,973 0 23,973 24,764 0 24,764

Housing Loans 3,46,923 1,99,928 5,46,852 3,77,935 2,32,030 6,09,965 4,03,943 2,78,512 6,82,455

Public Deposits of Deposit Accepting HFCs increased by 3.30 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-24 as compared
to a Y-o-Y decline of 3.24 per cent in FY 2022-23.

170
Housing loans of Deposit Accepting HFCs b) Cent Bank Home Finance Limited, sponsored
increased by 6.88 per cent Y-o-Y while for Non- by Central Bank of India
Deposit Accepting HFCs, the Y-o-Y growth was c) ICICI Home Finance Company Limited,
20.03 per cent in FY 2023-24. sponsored by ICICI Bank Ltd.
d) PNB Housing Finance Limited, sponsored by
3.7.3 Key Performance Indicators of
Punjab National Bank
HFCs- On the basis of HFCs sponsored by
the Commercial Banks and Multi-State e) REPCO Home Finance Limited, sponsored
Co-operative Banks by REPCO Bank, which is a Multi-state Co-
operative Bank.
As on March 31, 2024, there were four HFCs
The key financial parameters of HFCs, classified
sponsored by the Scheduled Commercial Banks
on the basis of HFCs sponsored by the Scheduled
(SCBs) and one HFC sponsored by a Multi-State
Commercial Banks (SCBs) and Multi-State Co-
Co-operative Bank (MSCB), details of which are
operative Banks, are summarised below:
as follows:
a) Canfin Homes Limited, sponsored by Canara
Bank

Table 3.9: Performance of HFCs-Sponsored by the Scheduled Commercial Banks and

Multi-State Co-operative Banks and Others
(Amount in ₹ crore)
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024
Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored
Particulars

Total

Total

Total
Non

Non

Non
Paid up Capital 1,382 38,031 39,412 1,487 40,391 41,878 1,577 43,683 45,260
Free Reserves 15,988 94,727 1,10,716 17,970 1,04,188 1,22,158 23,447 1,24,290 1,47,737
Net Owned 15,251 1,00,545 1,15,796 17,711 1,18,792 1,36,503 23,246 1,35,596 1,58,841
Fund (NOF)
Public Deposits 18,071 6,705 24,776 18,359 5,614 23,973 18,465 6,299 24,764
Housing Loans 83,866 4,62,986 5,46,852 91,854 5,18,110 6,09,965 1,02,030 5,80,424 6,82,455

Housing Loans of Sponsored HFCs grew by 11.08 3.8 Borrowing Profile of HFCs
per cent on Y-o-Y basis, whereas Housing Loans
of Non – Sponsored HFCs grew by 12.03 per Borrowings from Banks and Debentures are the
cent in FY 2023-24. Further, Public Deposits of primary source of funding for HFCs, together
Sponsored HFCs grew by 0.58 per cent on Y-o-Y comprising 76 per cent of total borrowings in FY
basis in FY 2023-24 while that of non-sponsored 2023-24. Borrowing from Banks had a share of
HFCs grew by 12.20 per cent. 44.40 per cent in the total borrowings, whereas
Public Deposits constituted 3.02 per cent of the
total borrowings.

171
Borrowing details of HFCs for the last three years are given in the following table.

Table 3.10: Trend in Outstanding Borrowings by HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)
% Share of each category of borrowing
Outstanding as on
Particulars in the total borrowing
March’22 March’23 March’24 March’22 March’23 March’24
Public Deposits 24,776 23,973 24,764 3.73% 3.30% 3.02%
Borrowings from NHB 46,533 53,727 68,341 7.00% 7.41% 8.35%
Borrowings from Banks 2,66,570 3,08,620 3,63,598 40.08% 42.54% 44.40%
Foreign Borrowings 5,221 4,412 2,179 0.78% 0.61% 0.27%
Commercial Papers 19,386 19,578 30,975 2.91% 2.70% 3.78%
Other Borrowings 1,18,995 82,937 73,006 17.89% 11.43% 8.91%
Debentures subscribed
82,627 1,04,817 1,09,281 12.42% 14.45% 13.34%
by Banks
Debentures subscribed
1,01,006 1,27,410 1,46,772 15.19% 17.56% 17.92%
by Others
Total Debentures 1,83,633 2,32,227 2,56,053 27.61% 32.01% 31.27%
Total Borrowings 6,65,114 7,25,474 8,18,916 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

The outstanding borrowings of HFCs increased from ₹7,25,474 crore as on March 31, 2023
to ₹8,18,916 crore as on March 31, 2024, with an incremental growth of ₹93,442 crore.
(Table 3.10)
Graph 3.6: Resources mobilized by HFCs (at end-March) (% Share)

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

• Borrowings from National Housing Bank to an increase of 0.99 per cent Y-o-Y in FY
increased by 27.20 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2022-23.
2023-24 compared to an increase of 15.46 • Borrowings through Debentures subscribed
per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2022-23. by Banks increased by 10.26 per cent Y-o-Y
• The outstanding borrowings of HFCs via in FY 2023-24 as compared to an increase of
Commercial Papers (CPs) increased by 58.21 26.46 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2022-23.
per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-24, as compared

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• The outstanding Public Deposits of HFCs 3.9 Public Deposits with HFCs
increased by 3.30 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-
24 as compared to a decline of 3.24 per cent 3.9.1 Size-wise Public Deposits of HFCs: The
Y-o-Y in FY 2022-23. outstanding public deposits with HFCs have
• During FY 2023-24, HFCs’ borrowings from increased over the years. As on March 31st, 2024,
Banks increased by 17.81 per cent over last the deposits above ₹1,00,000 accounted for a
year. maximum share of 98.15 per cent of total public
deposits with a Y-o-Y growth of 3.56 per cent.
• Foreign borrowings of HFCs declined by
Higher interest rates have likely attracted more
50.62 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-24 as
deposits in HFCs.
compared to a decline of 15.50 per cent
Y-o-Y in FY 2022-23. The size-wise share of outstanding public deposits
The growth of Mortgage Based Securitization to total deposits for the last three years is given
(MBS) will be important for HFCs as this will below.
permit to securitize their home loan through
legal and taxation framework.

Graph 3.7: Trend in HFCs’ Size-wise Public Deposits for the last 3 years (% Share)

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

3.9.2 Interest Rate-wise Public Deposits of Trend in HFCs’ Interest Rate-wise Public
HFCs: As on March 31, 2024, around 96.83 per Deposits for the last 3 years
cent of the total public deposits held by HFCs fell
As on March 31, 2024, Public Deposits with
in the interest rate slab of 6 per cent to 9 per
interest rate below 6 per cent have shown
cent per annum. This augments well considering
significant decline of 70 per cent Y-o-Y, whereas
the needs of HFCs to garner more deposits to
there has been an increase of 8.70 per cent in
meet the increasing credit need of the economy.
deposits with interest rates between 6 per cent
The percentage share of Public Deposits across
to 9 per cent.
the two other interest rate slabs i.e. below
6 per cent and above 9 per cent has declined in
FY 2023-24.

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 Graph 3.8: Trend in HFCs’ Interest Rate-wise Public Deposits for the
last 3 years (% Share)

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

3.9.3 Maturity-wise Public Deposits of HFCs: growth has been in public deposits with maturity
An analysis of Maturity-wise classification of between 1 year to 5 years. The trend in maturity-
public deposits over the last three years indicates wise classification of outstanding public deposits
that nearly 90 per cent of public deposits have for the last three years is shown in the graph
maturity between 1 year to 7 years. The highest below.

Graph 3.9: Trend in HFCs’ Maturity-wise Public Deposits for the last 3 years (% Share)

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

3.10 Assets Profile of HFCs 31, 2024. Housing loans of HFCs which stood
at ₹6,09,965 crore as on March 31, 2023,
Assets profile of HFCs comprising of housing increased by 11.88 per cent to ₹6,82,455 crore
loans, other loans & advances and investments as on March 31, 2024. Other loans and advances
together stood at ₹10,00,461 crore as on March which stood at ₹2,27,433 crore as on March 31,

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2023, increased by 21.00 per cent to ₹2,75,209 as compared to ₹44,430 crore as on March 31,
crore as on March 31, 2024. The ratio of housing 2023, posting a decline of 3.68 per cent on Y-o-Y
loans to other loans & advances remained around basis. The outstanding position of major assets
2.7:1 as on March 31, 2024. Investments of HFCs along with their percentage share of total assets
stood at ₹42,797 crore as on March 31, 2024, is given in the table below.

Table 3.11: Trend in Outstanding Loans and Advances and Investments of HFCs
(Amount in ₹ crore)

Outstanding as on % Share of Total

Particulars
March’22 March’23 March’24 March’22 March’23 March’24
1. Loans and Advances 7,61,022 8,37,408 9,57,664 95.43% 94.96% 95.72%
a) Housing Loans 5,46,852 6,09,965 6,82,455 68.57% 69.17% 68.21%
Of which Housing loans to
4,46,901 5,16,343 5,96,989 56.04% 58.55% 59.67%
individuals
b) Other Loans and Advances 2,14,170 2,27,443 2,75,209 26.86% 25.79% 27.51%
2. Investments 36,481 44,430 42,797 4.57% 5.04% 4.28%
3. Total (1+ 2) 7,97,503 8,81,837 10,00,461 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

Graph 3.10: Trend in Outstanding Loans and Advances and Investments of HFCs (% Share)

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

3.10.1 Slab-wise disbursements of share among all segments at 58.08 per cent.
Individual housing loans Total disbursement to individuals grew by 15.23
Total disbursements of housing loans to per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-24. Of which, IHL
individuals stood at ₹1,83,235 crore during FY disbursement “above ₹25 lakhs” grew by 18.93
2023-24. During FY 2023-24, IHL disbursement per cent Y-o-Y and IHL disbursement “upto ₹10
“above ₹25 lakh” accounted for the highest lakh” grew by 6.32 per cent Y-o-Y in FY 2023-24.

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 Table 3.12: Trend in Slab Wise Housing Loans Disbursements to Individuals by HFCs
(Amount in ₹ crore)
Slab wise share as a % of total IHL
Disbursements during FY
Loan Size disbursements
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
Upto ₹2 lakh 1,133 1,683 682 0.88% 1.06% 0.37%
>₹2 lakh and upto ₹5 lakh 1,875 3,102 4,108 1.46% 1.95% 2.24%
>₹5 lakh and upto ₹10 lakh 11,522 13,922 15,100 8.98% 8.76% 8.24%
Upto ₹10 lakhs 14,530 18,707 19,890 11.32% 11.76% 10.85%
> ₹10 lakh and upto
14,998 17,604 20,122 11.68% 11.07% 10.98%
₹15 lakh
> ₹15 lakh and upto
29,086 33,215 36,791 22.66% 20.89% 20.08%
₹25 lakh
> ₹25 lakhs 69,759 89,490 1,06,432 54.34% 56.28% 58.08%
Total 1,28,373 1,59,016 1,83,235 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

3.10.2 Residual Maturity Pattern of upto 5 years declined by 39.63 per cent Y-o-Y.
Individual Housing Loan Disbursements IHL disbursement in the maturity period of 5 to
of HFCs 7 years increased by 45.44 per cent whereas IHL
disbursement in the category of maturity period
Housing loans have a longer tenure and the
above 7 years increased by 16.01 per cent.
maturity pattern of IHL disbursements shows
that there is a preference of loans with longer The percentage share in the Residual Maturity
tenures i.e. more than 7 years. Nearly 96.90 per Pattern of IHL Disbursements of HFCs during
cent disbursements fall in this category. During FY FY 2023-24 is given below.
2023-24, IHL disbursement with maturity period

Graph 3.11: Residual Maturity Pattern of IHL Disbursements of

HFCs during FY 2024 (% Share)

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

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3.10.3 Purpose-wise Disbursements of houses by 16.09 per cent. The Individual Housing
Housing Loans to Individuals loans disbursement by HFCs has been mainly for
the purpose of acquisition/construction of new
In FY 2023-24, 61.36 per cent of the Individual
houses.
Housing Loans disbursed were towards
acquisition/construction of new houses; 31.71 Focusing on micro markets, various customer
per cent were towards purchase of existing segments and adopting technology intensive
houses and the remaining 6.93 per cent were processes with robust credit monitoring will help
towards upgradation of houses. in scaling up the quality of business
During FY 2023-24, the IHL disbursements for The trend of purpose-wise IHL disbursements
New Houses increased by 15.20 per cent Y-o-Y, during the last three years is shown in the below
for Upgradation by 11.72 per cent and for existing graph.

Graph 3.12: Purpose-wise Trend in IHL Disbursements

Source: Off-site Returns, NHB

Table 3.13: Purpose-wise Disbursement of Housing Loans to Individuals by

HFCs for the last 3 years
(Amount in ₹ crore)
Renovation/
For construction/ Purchase of Old Existing
reconstruction of Existing
Slab acquisition of new units Dwelling Units
Dwelling Units
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
Upto ₹ 2 lakh 1,027 1,155 231 94 351 444 12 177 7
> ₹ 2 lakh and upto
1,133 1,934 1,969 619 1,016 1,960 123 151 178
₹ 5 lakh
> ₹ 5 lakh and upto
7,594 9,441 9,848 2,272 2,564 3,169 1,656 1,917 2,083
₹ 10 lakh
> ₹ 10 lakh and
9,489 11,276 13,011 2,079 2,170 2,252 3,430 4,158 4,859
upto ₹ 15 lakh
> ₹15 lakh and
17,599 20,338 22,449 2,504 2,579 2,681 8,983 10,298 11,661
upto ₹ 25 lakh
> ₹ 25 lakh 40,813 53,461 64,928 2,302 2,688 2,195 26,644 33,342 39,309
Total 77,654 97,605 1,12,437 9,870 11,368 12,700 40,849 50,043 58,097

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3.10.4 Borrowers’ Type-Wise compared to last year due to build up of stressed
Disbursements of Housing Loans assets in this segment. Nearly 89 per cent of
During FY 2023-24, disbursements of housing disbursement by HFCs is towards Individual
loans to individuals and corporate bodies and Housing loans. The rural and urban composition
others grew Y-o-Y by 15.23 per cent and 30.38 of Individual Housing Loan disbursements for FY
per cent respectively. However, during FY 2023- 2023-24 is placed in Appendix III.
24, there has been a decline in housing loan The disbursement over the last three years is
disbursements to builders by 0.08 per cent as given in table below.

Table 3.14: Trend in Borrowers’ Type-Wise Disbursements of Housing Loans of HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)
Share as a % of total Housing
Disbursement during FY Growth
Particulars Loan Disbursements
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2022-23 2023-24
Housing Loan to
1,28,373 1,59,016 1,83,233 89.11% 87.33% 88.58% 23.87% 15.23%
Individuals
Housing Loan to
14,276 21,164 21,148 9.91% 11.62% 10.22% 48.25% -0.08%
Builders
Housing Loan to
Corporate Bodies and 1,419 1,906 2,485 0.98% 1.05% 1.20% 34.30% 30.38%
Others
Total 1,44,068 1,82,086 2,06,866 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 26.39% 13.61%

3.11 Co-operative Sector Institutions Federation of India, ACHFs have disbursed

in Housing Finance ₹13,773.73 crore to primary housing co-
operatives for the construction of DUs for their
The co-operative housing structure consists of members till the end of 2023-24. The outstanding
primary housing co-operatives at the grassroots loan portfolio of ACHFs at the end of 2023-24
level and Apex Cooperative Housing Federations was ₹651.11 crore. The State-wise housing loans
(ACHFs) at the national level. As per the data disbursed, and units constructed by ACHFs is
provided by National Co-operative Housing provided in Appendix IV.

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 CHAPTER 4
DEVELOPMENT IN
SUPERVISION OF HOUSING
FINANCE COMPANIES
 Introductory Summary
Chapter 4
As on June 30, 2024, the total number of registered Housing Finance Companies
(HFCs) stood at 93, of which, 9 HFCs have permission to accept public deposits; and
3 HFCs require prior written permission from the Regulator before accepting public
deposits. The remaining 81 HFCs do not have the permission to accept public deposits.
The Bank supervises HFCs through a system of on-site inspections and off-site
surveillance mechanism through periodic returns, based on the regulatory compliances
prescribed under the provisions of the National Housing Bank Act, 1987 and Regulatory
Framework prescribed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for the HFCs.
The Bank carried out on-site inspections of 80 HFCs based on CAMELS approach.
The off-site surveillance was strengthened based on the Master Direction-NBFC-HFC
(Reserve Bank)-Directions, July 21, 2023 by including various functional and technical
enhancements such as implementation of an XBRL based Centralized Reporting
and Management Information System (CRaMIS) Portal and including new reporting
requirements in line with the circular.
During the year, the Supervisory function of HFCs was strengthened by establishing
a separate Quality Assurance function. The risk profile of all HFCs was prepared
based on latest Supervisory Rating, Business Model, Governance and Control, status
of compliance to the inspection observations, Early Warning signals triggered, and
enforcement action taken against the HFCs in the last two years.
The Bank has also empanelled Forensic and IS Auditors for special and forensic audit of
HFCs. The auditors will carry special forensic and IS audits based on requirement and
on specific cyber incidents, ransomware attacks etc.
Under the Capacity Building initiatives, meeting with MD/CEOs of HFCs were conducted
informing them about various regulatory and supervisory concerns, an orientation
program on Risk based Supervision was organised by the Bank for HFCs.
4.1 Supervision the Master Direction-NBFC-HFC (Reserve Bank)-
Directions, July 2023. During the year, various
The Bank supervises the HFCs through a system functional and technical enhancements have
of on-site inspections and off-site surveillance been made towards effective implementation of
mechanism through periodic returns, based on the Master Circular viz.
the regulatory compliances prescribed under the
• Implementation of an XBRL based Centralized
provisions of the National Housing Bank Act,
Reporting and Management Information
1987 and the Regulatory Framework prescribed
System (CRaMIS) Portal.
by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) for the HFCs.
• Inclusion of various reporting requirements
4.1.1 Status of Registered HFCs prescribed by RBI for HFCs within the CRaMIS
portal.
As on June 30, 2024, the total number of
registered Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) • Harmonisation of provisions of Master
stood at 93, of which, 9 HFCs have permission Circular with that of Supervisory Framework.
to accept public deposits; and 3 HFCs require 4.1.4 Co-ordination Mechanism with RBI
prior written permission from the Regulator
before accepting public deposits. The remaining During the year, one meeting was held with
81 HFCs do not have the permission to accept RBI on February 21, 2024. The Bank has been
public deposits. regularly sharing supervisory inputs arising from
Inspections with Department of Regulation, RBI.
4.1.2 On-site Inspections
4.1.5 Review of Supervisory Framework
During the FY 2023-24, the Bank carried out on-
site inspections of 80 HFCs based on CAMELS Supervisory Framework for HFCs was reviewed
approach. in November 2023 with the following
enhancements:
4.1.3 Off-site Surveillance • Setting up of Nodal Teams of 2-3 officers for
The Bank carries out off-site surveillance of HFCs all HFCs.
by monitoring and scrutinizing periodic returns • Establishment of a separate Quality
submitted by HFCs including quarterly, half yearly Assurance Function.
and annual returns. • Inclusion of changes in regulatory aspects
The existing returns required to be submitted like components of scale-based regulation,
by the HFCs were thoroughly revised based on regulations for Upper Layer HFCs etc.

181
• SOP on cancellation of Certificate of extant instructions on innovative Housing Loan
Registration (CoR) of HFCs. Schemes (builder subvention) and carry out a
• Inclusion of Mechanism for referring thematic study of practices adopted by HFCs.
deficiencies observed on part of Statutory In this regard, a questionnaire was prepared
Auditors to ICAI. and sent to HFCs and the responses received
were analysed and shared with RBI along with
4.1.6 Nodal Teams recommendations.
• The Bank has put in place a system of ‘Nodal
Teams’ for major HFCs at Regional Offices 4.2 Supervisory Circulars
(ROs). The Nodal Teams are the single point
of contact for all matters and shall also • The Risk based Supervision (RBS) model was
undertake ‘Review of Continued Compliance’ finalized for the HFCs which includes both
with the allotted HFCs to ensure that same Business risks and Governance & Oversight
observation does not get repeated in future Risks. It was also decided that the Inspection
inspections. of Upper Layer HFCs will be carried out as
per RBS in the Inspection cycle for FY 2024-
• The Inspection Manual has been revised and
25.
updated to include the Revised Composition
of Inspection teams and Review of the • A Committee to examine the complaints
Supervisory Rating approval process. received in the Bank from a supervisory
perspective has been constituted by the Bank
• A risk profile of all HFCs has been prepared
which includes officials of the Department
based on the
of Supervision & Grievance Redressal
o Supervisory Rating of the HFCs, Department (GRD).
o Business Model of the HFC, • The Bank has empanelled Forensic and IS
o Trend in key financial highlights Auditors for special and forensic audit of
o Governance and Control, HFCs. During the year, One IS Audit of a
o Status of compliance to the Inspection cyber security incident in an HFC and One
observations, Forensic Audit in another HFC has been
undertaken.
o Early Warning Signals triggered based
on off-site analysis and Enforcement
4.3 Coordination with Other
Action taken against the HFCs in the last
two years. Regulatory Bodies

4.1.7 Internal Committee on Frauds • Bank is a part of a Working Group (WG)

constituted by RBI for bringing uniformity
An internal committee has been put in place for
in baseline cyber security guidelines for
regular monitoring of the information on frauds
financial entities across all financial sector
submitted by the big HFCs. The Bank is regularly
regulators and framing an approach for
disseminating the modus-operandi of frauds
ensuring uniform baseline cyber security
reported by HFCs in a quarter through a Caution
standards is being examined.
Advice.
• NHB continued to attend inter regulatory
4.1.8 Thematic Study on Interest meetings convened by RBI/IRDAI on issues
Subvention Schemes w.r.t. HFCs and their group companies.

RBI had advised NHB to examine violations of • NHB is also a member of the Early Warning

182
 Group (EWG) set up by the Sub-Committee training programmes on Compliance with
of Financial Stability and Development KYC guidelines and AML measures were
Council (FSDC). organised for various HFCs during the year.

4.4 Capacity Building Events 4.5 Forward looking Initiatives

The following capacity building events were • Bank has prepared a thematic study on
conducted by the Bank during FY 2023-24: cases of mis-selling of insurance loans along
with the Individual Housing loans. Major
• Meeting with MD/ CEOs of HFCs was held on
findings of the study were shared in the
October 19 & 20, 2023 wherein HFCs were
Inter-regulatory forum meeting at RBI and
informed on various regulatory compliances,
the Early Warning Group meeting at IRDAI.
supervisory concerns, complaint and fraud
analysis. • Inspection Portal has been implemented.
• An orientation program on Risk based • Data Quality Index (DQI) aimed at establishing
Supervision was organised by the Bank for a pre-acceptance check for data has been
major HFCs on March 7, 2024. introduced on Centralised Reporting and
Management Information System (CRaMIS)
• In collaboration with FIU-IND, two on-line
Portal.

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183
CHAPTER 5
OUTLOOK
 Introductory Summary
Chapter 5
Global growth is anticipated to reach 2.6 per cent in the fiscal year 2024-25, with a
slight increase to 2.7 per cent in the following fiscal year 2025-26, as global trade and
investment continue to expand at a moderate rate. Global inflation is projected to
moderate with an average 3.5 per cent in 2024.
Despite various macroeconomic and geopolitical challenges, the Indian economy is
experiencing significant growth. Following two challenging years marked by pandemic-
related lockdowns and economic uncertainty, the real estate sector has shown a
strong recovery.
The Covid-19 pandemic has shifted the preferences of homebuyers, prompting a
demand for larger, more sustainable homes equipped with additional amenities, largely
influenced by the rise of remote and hybrid work models. Housing Finance Companies
(HFCs) have been instrumental in addressing the diverse needs of homebuyers within
the Indian housing market.
The Individual outstanding housing loans for HFCs increased from ₹4.09 lakh crore in
2021 to ₹6.26 lakh crore by September 2024. The number of branches of HFCs has
grown from 7,302 in 2022 to 9,491 in 2024. However, regional disparities remain,
particularly with limited credit availability in the eastern and northeastern states.
The growth of the housing sector has been bolstered by several significant initiatives,
including the launch of PMAY 2.0, the development of cities as growth centers through
economic and transit planning, and the systematic development of peri-urban areas
utilizing town planning schemes, Transit Oriented Development plans, and dormitory-
style rental housing for industrial workers.
Urbanization, digitalization, and sustainability are expected to be key drivers of housing
demand. Innovations in financing models, regulatory frameworks, and technology
are likely to influence the future trajectory of the sector. The housing sector is well-
positioned for growth, playing a crucial role in the broader economic development of
India.

186
5.1 Economic Outlook is the main driver with accelerating public
infrastructure outlays. Vigorous credit growth
Global growth is projected to stabilize at 2.6 is supporting private investment. Farm output is
per cent in FY 2024-25, marking a steady phase recovering as an above-normal monsoon is lifting
for the first time in three years. This stability is rural incomes and will soon ease food prices and
anticipated to extend into FY 2025-26 with inflation. (Source: OECD, Economic Outlook)
a slight uptick to 2.7 per cent, as global trade
and investment expand at a moderate pace. 5.2 Housing Landscape
Global inflation is projected to moderate with an
average 3.5 per cent in 2024. Global cooperation Following two challenging years of pandemic-
is needed to safeguard trade, support green and induced lockdowns and economic instability,
digital transitions, deliver debt relief, and improve the real estate sector has experienced a robust
food security. (Source: Global Economic Prospects, recovery. The pandemic has altered homebuyers’
World Bank) preferences leading them to seek larger,
sustainable homes with additional amenities,
Despite the macroeconomic and geopolitical
driven by remote and hybrid working trends.
challenges, Indian economy continues to grow at
a rapid pace. This resilience is primarily driven by Housing Finance account for significant portion
public infrastructure investment and an upswing of Indian Financial System. Individual Housing
in household investments in real estate. Loan Outstanding of Primary Lending Institutions
constitute 11.29 per cent of India’s GDP as on
The medium-term economic outlook for India is
March 31, 2024. Housing Sector accounts for
expected to remain positive buoyed by growth
16.66 per cent of the Gross Bank Credit deployed
in manufacturing and services sector. Rapid
by Schedule Commercial Bank as of October
increase in public infrastructure spending and
2024. (Source: RBI)
ongoing strong private consumption growth in
India are projected to sustain real GDP growth of Primary lending institutions continue to play
just under 7 per cent in FY 2025-26 and FY 2026- an important role in stimulating growth of the
27. GDP is expected to grow by 6.8 per cent in housing sector as evidenced from the quarterly
fiscal year (FY) 2024-25, and this momentum is disbursements of Individual Housing Loans by
set to be sustained at similar rates throughout HFCs, Public Sector Banks and Private Sector
FY 2025-26 and 2026-27. Strong investment Banks. (Graph 5.1)

187
 Graph 5.1: Quarter-Wise Individual Home Loan Disbursement
by PLIs (Amount in ₹ crore)

HDFC Limited has been classified as a PVB for the time period owing to merger of HDFC Ltd. with HDFC Bank Ltd.

As of September 2024, home loan disbursements the momentum is expected to continue backed
from HFCs and PSBs increased by 5.5 per cent by positive home buyer sentiment.
and 12.8 per cent, respectively, while PVBs saw a
decline of 16.2 per cent on Y-o-Y basis. 5.2.2 Role played by Housing Finance
Companies
While on a Quarter-on-Quarter (Q-o-Q) basis,
disbursements grew by 13.2 per cent, 20.6 per Housing Finance Companies have played a pivotal
cent, and 0.7 per cent for HFCs, PSBs and PVBs role in the Indian housing sector by catering to
respectively. the diverse needs of homebuyers. Owing to their
flexible eligibility criteria, robust customer service,
5.2.1 Trends in Housing Prices across key efficient documentation, and reduced processing
Indian cities time, HFCs have secured their place in the Indian
financial landscape.
NHB Residex (HPI @ Assessment Prices and
HPI @ Market Price for Under Construction The primary goal of HFCs is to address the
Properties) enables the policy makers, Banks, increasing demand for housing loans and
housing finance companies, builders, developers, improve access to credit for individuals across
investors, individuals, etc., to track the movement different income brackets.
of housing prices across different cities in India
Individual Housing Loan outstanding for HFCs
on quarterly basis, with FY18 as the basis year.
increased from ₹4.09 lakh crore in March 2021
saw Y-o-Y increase during the second quarter of
crore to ₹5.96 lakh crore in March 2024 and to
fiscal year 2025. Out of the 50 cities, 48 cities
₹6.25 lakh crore in September 2024.
registered an increase in property prices for HPI
@ Assessment Prices, in QE September 2024 HFCs have grown in stature over the years with
(Y-o-Y). There has been sustained increase in the the number of branches increasing from 7,302
indices post Covid. The improvement has been as on March 31, 2022, to 8,833 as on March
more prominent in Tier II and Tier III cities and 31, 2023 to 9,491 as on March 31, 2024. The

188
total loan portfolio of HFCs have increased by While the housing sector has shown strong
14.36 per cent in March’24 with Housing loans growth, regional disparities in credit flow remain
increasing by 11.88 per cent. In FY 2023-24, a significant challenge for HFCs with Southern,
61.36 per cent of the Individual Housing Loans Western, and Northern states account for the
disbursed were towards acquisition/construction bulk of housing finance disbursements while
of new houses. This highlights the crucial role there is low penetration of credit flow in the
played by HFCs in fostering the growth of the eastern and northeastern regions. Similarly, the
housing sector. penetration of branch network for HFCs is less in
north eastern regions of the country.

Box 5.1: Thematic Study on Housing Finance Companies

• As per a thematic study conducted by the Bank, HFCs have recorded growth rates of 2.15 per
cent on Top-Up Housing Loans from March 2021 to March 2022, followed by a substantial
increase to 28.25 per cent from March 2022 to March 2023.
• The Bank also conducted a Thematic study on insurance linked with Housing loans and observed
that there are cases of mis-selling of insurance loans along with the Individual Housing loans.

5.3 Path Ahead for Housing Sector: regulators are working to increase mortgage
Towards a Viksit Bharat penetration in underserved areas, with initiatives
like the co-lending model aiming to combine the
Efforts to address regional disparities in housing liquidity of banks with the reach of HFCs to extend
finance are ongoing. The government and housing credit to underserved populations.

Box: 5.2 Positive Trends in Banking sector – Supporting India’s

growth aspirations and Housing Demand
• The Indian commercial banking sector demonstrated sustained strength during FY 2023-24 and
the first half of FY 2024-25.
• The consolidated balance sheet of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) experienced double-
digit expansion, primarily driven by robust credit growth.
• For the sixth consecutive year, banks reported an increase in profitability, while asset quality
saw further enhancement, with the gross non-performing assets (GNPA) ratio declining to its
lowest level in 13 years at 2.7 percent by the end of March 2024.
• During 2023-24, the balance sheet of HFCs increased by 13.3 per cent, driven mainly by loans
and advances extended by the middle layer HFCs.
• In October 2024, credit to the Housing sector recorded a year-on-year growth of 12.1 percent.
• Rising income, urbanisation and increased demand for home ownership have sustained the
demand for credit in the housing market.
• Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY) and subsidised credit for affordable housing have also
supported housing credit demand.
• HFCs are expanding to Tier II and III cities and rural areas, which offer growth opportunities.
Harmonisation of regulations for HFCs will act as a catalyst for sustainable growth of the sector.
• HFCs need to adjust to the changing landscape to maintain their relevance in the Indian financial
system.
Source: RBI’s Trend & Progress of Banking in India 2023-24

189
The economic changes in Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities credit risk guarantees for affordable housing
are driving housing demand, prompting primary loans provided by banks, housing finance
lending institutions to design tailored products to companies, and primary lending institutions to the
meet this demand. Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) and Low-
Income Groups (LIG). The financial framework of
The Union Budget for 2024-25 has introduced
PMAY-U 2.0 is structured to promote widespread
several measures aimed at further boosting the
participation and affordability. The cost of
housing sector. These include the announcement
constructing houses across various verticals,
of PMAY 2.0, development of cities as growth
excluding the Interest Subsidy Scheme (ISS), will
hubs through economic and transit planning,
be distributed among the central government,
and orderly development of peri-urban areas
state governments, Union Territories, and
utilising town planning schemes, Transit Oriented
beneficiaries. Additionally, there is a strong
Development plans, and dormitory-style rental
focus on the adoption of modern, eco-friendly
housing for industrial workers. These measures
technologies in housing construction through the
are designed to improve affordability and livability
Technology & Innovation Sub-Mission (TISM). The
in urban areas, particularly for economically
success of this ambitious initiative relies on the
weaker sections of society.
collaborative efforts of all stakeholders, including
PMAY 2.0 builds upon the success of the first government entities, regulators, housing finance
phase, incorporating lessons learned and best companies, banks, and developers.
practices from global experiences. Housing
The future outlook for the housing sector
needs of 1 crore urban poor and middle-class
remains promising, driven by rapid urbanization,
families over the next five years will be addressed
demographic shifts, digitalization, sustainability,
under the scheme, with special attention given
and infrastructure development. Government
to marginalized groups, including slum dwellers,
initiatives remain crucial in shaping the
SC/STs, minorities, widows, persons with
residential housing sector future, highlighting
disabilities, and other underprivileged sections.
its pivotal role in India’s economic landscape. As
PMAY-U 2.0 incorporates several significant housing demand continues to rise, the sector is
features aimed at improving the affordability poised for significant transformation, driven by
and accessibility of housing. One of the notable advancements in financing models, regulatory
changes is the increase of the Credit Risk improvements, and enhanced transparency,
Guarantee Fund Trust (CRGFT) corpus from further accelerating growth.
`1,000 crore to `3,000 crore. This fund will offer

190
 Box 5.3: Challenges and Opportunities for Housing Sector

Challenges
• Regional Disparity in Housing Finance: The Southern, Western and Northern States of the
country account for 35.02 per cent, 30.14 per cent and 28.73 per cent share respectively, of
the cumulative disbursements done during H1FY 2024-25 whereas the share of Eastern states
(inclusive of the north-eastern states) is 6.10 per cent. The North-eastern states account for
0.68 per cent of the total IHL disbursements during the H1FY 2024-25.
• Vulnerability to climate-related risks, such as floods, fires, and extreme weather events. There
is a growing need to make buildings more resilient and energy efficient.
• At present, there are limited number of institutions providing green building certifications and
there is no equivalence of rating certifications provided by different agencies.
• The higher cost of green materials for construction is challenging.

Opportunities
• Technological advancements in construction, such as 3D printing reduce costs and speed up
project timelines.
• Government initiatives like Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), Goods and Services Tax (GST),
the Real Estate (Regulation and Development) Act (RERA), and the Insolvency and Bankruptcy
Code (IBC) have contributed to increased transparency and investor confidence in the sector.
• Digitisation of land records and GIS mapping will aid in modernizing real estate administration,
leading to greater transparency and efficiency.
• Use of AI, data analytics, and predictive modelling can provide investors, developers, and
homebuyers with better foresight.
• REITs provide an opportunity for smaller investors to participate in large-scale real estate
developments and offer more liquid investment options in the housing sector.
• The announcements made in the Union Budget 2025-26 viz Special Window for Affordable
and Mid-Income Housing (SWAMIH) Fund II, Urban Challenge Fund and National Geospatial
Mission will provide the much-needed opportunities for the Housing sector.

******************

191
Appendix

193
 Appendix I: NHB RESIDEX
HPI @Assessment Price for QE September 2024

Index Q-o-Q YoY

Dec- Jun-24 Sept-
Name of City Mar- Sept-
Sep- Mar- Sep- 23 vs Vs. 24 vs
Dec-23 Jun-24 24 Vs. 24 vs
23 24 24 Sept- Mar- Sept-
Dec-23 Jun-24
23 24 23
Ahmedabad 195 198 203 205 210 1.6% 2.7% 1.3% 2.2% 7.9%
Bengaluru 136 139 143 148 152 1.7% 3.2% 3.5% 2.4% 11.1%
Bhiwadi 109 111 113 115 116 1.3% 2.2% 1.5% 0.8% 5.9%
Bhopal 110 110 113 117 121 -0.7% 3.1% 3.4% 3.2% 9.2%
Bhubaneswar 167 169 177 185 193 1.2% 5.0% 4.6% 4.2% 15.8%
Bidhan Nagar
118 119 121 125 130 0.7% 1.2% 3.7% 3.7% 9.6%
(Excluding Rajarhat)
Chakan 109 111 112 111 112 1.6% 0.5% -0.2% 0.5% 2.5%
Chandigarh (Tricity) 140 150 154 156 166 6.7% 3.0% 1.2% 6.4% 18.2%
Chennai 120 123 126 130 132 2.2% 2.1% 3.1% 1.7% 9.4%
Coimbatore 127 128 134 142 150 1.3% 4.1% 6.3% 5.9% 18.7%
Dehradun 131 133 137 141 145 2.0% 3.0% 3.0% 2.4% 10.8%
Delhi 102 103 101 102 103 0.5% -1.2% 1.0% 0.2% 0.4%
Faridabad 117 122 128 131 135 4.2% 5.5% 2.0% 3.1% 15.5%
Gandhinagar 210 213 221 231 233 1.2% 3.8% 4.3% 0.9% 10.6%
Ghaziabad 123 126 130 134 139 2.6% 2.9% 3.1% 3.5% 12.7%
Greater Noida 149 153 161 170 179 3.1% 5.0% 5.8% 5.3% 20.7%
Gurugram 136 143 153 166 178 4.8% 7.3% 8.6% 7.3% 30.9%
Guwahati 161 162 162 165 167 0.8% 0.3% 1.5% 1.2% 3.9%
Howrah 104 105 104 107 103 0.9% -0.4% 2.6% -3.8% -0.8%
Hyderabad 180 183 187 191 192 1.5% 2.1% 2.4% 0.5% 6.7%
Indore 133 132 135 136 139 -0.8% 1.9% 1.3% 2.2% 4.7%
Jaipur 128 130 131 134 136 1.6% 1.3% 2.1% 1.6% 6.8%
Kalyan Dombivali 120 122 125 127 128 1.5% 2.3% 1.5% 0.9% 6.3%
Kanpur 125 126 127 130 134 0.9% 1.2% 2.1% 3.2% 7.5%
Kochi 132 129 131 137 137 -2.1% 1.5% 4.5% 0.0% 3.7%
Kolkata 135 136 137 142 143 0.5% 0.8% 3.7% 0.9% 6.1%
Lucknow 128 130 133 136 141 2.3% 1.9% 2.7% 3.3% 10.5%
Ludhiana 108 113 110 112 111 4.4% -2.5% 2.0% -0.8% 2.9%
Meerut 131 131 133 138 138 0.4% 1.8% 3.7% -0.2% 5.7%
Mira Bhayander 124 126 130 133 136 1.5% 3.2% 2.5% 2.0% 9.5%

194
 Index Q-o-Q YoY
Dec- Jun-24 Sept-
Name of City Mar- Sept-
Sep- Mar- Sep- 23 vs Vs. 24 vs
Dec-23 Jun-24 24 Vs. 24 vs
23 24 24 Sept- Mar- Sept-
Dec-23 Jun-24
23 24 23
Mumbai 113 113 115 116 117 0.4% 1.6% 1.3% 0.7% 4.0%
Nagpur 110 112 112 115 116 2.2% -0.1% 2.3% 0.8% 5.3%
Nashik 116 118 120 122 123 1.7% 2.2% 1.2% 1.3% 6.6%
Navi Mumbai 96 96 93 100 107 0.4% -3.6% 7.7% 6.5% 11.1%
New Town Kolkata 137 142 149 153 156 3.9% 4.7% 2.4% 2.0% 13.7%
Noida 125 131 137 145 152 5.1% 4.6% 5.4% 5.2% 21.9%
Panvel 133 136 142 147 151 2.8% 4.2% 3.3% 3.1% 14.0%
Patna 159 165 166 169 173 3.9% 0.7% 1.7% 2.1% 8.7%
Pimpri Chinchwad 107 108 110 111 113 1.1% 1.8% 1.0% 1.4% 5.5%
Pune 125 126 129 131 132 0.8% 2.3% 1.7% 1.2% 6.2%
Raipur 113 112 113 115 118 -1.5% 1.3% 1.4% 2.7% 3.9%
Rajkot 117 117 117 118 118 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 1.0%
Ranchi 138 140 141 143 145 1.2% 0.9% 1.1% 1.4% 4.7%
Surat 148 150 154 156 158 1.5% 2.6% 1.5% 1.2% 7.0%
Thane 119 119 122 124 126 0.6% 2.5% 1.7% 1.2% 6.0%
Thiruvananthapuram 154 157 156 157 154 2.2% -0.4% 0.5% -2.2% 0.0%
Vadodara 161 162 163 164 165 1.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.6% 2.5%
Vasai Virar 116 116 118 121 127 0.1% 1.7% 2.8% 4.4% 9.2%
Vijayawada 107 107 109 110 112 0.1% 1.7% 1.2% 1.9% 5.1%
Vizag 142 144 144 146 147 1.5% -0.1% 1.1% 0.6% 3.1%
Prepared on Four Quarter Moving Average

195
HPI @ Market Price for Under Construction Properties for QE September 2024

Index Q-o-Q YoY

Dec- Mar- Sept-
Name of City Jun- Sept-
Sep- Dec- Jun- Sep- 23 vs 24 Vs. 24 vs
Mar-24 24 Vs. 24 vs
23 23 24 24 Sept- Dec- Sept-
Mar-24 Jun-24
23 23 23
Ahmedabad 122 123 125 130 133 0.4% 1.9% 3.4% 2.9% 8.8%
Bengaluru 143 153 162 174 185 7.0% 6.0% 7.0% 6.1% 28.9%
Bhiwadi 139 133 124 121 115 -4.7% -6.6% -2.4% -4.8% -17.3%
Bhopal 147 152 156 160 161 3.2% 2.8% 2.1% 0.5% 8.9%
Bhubaneswar 196 208 215 218 217 6.3% 3.2% 1.7% -0.6% 10.9%
Bidhan Nagar
125 130 134 136 137 4.1% 2.7% 1.7% 0.6% 9.4%
(Excluding Rajarhat)
Chakan 105 106 107 109 112 1.3% 0.5% 2.1% 2.3% 6.3%
Chandigarh (Tricity) 146 150 154 157 158 2.9% 2.5% 2.1% 1.1% 8.8%
Chennai 106 105 105 103 102 -0.6% -0.7% -1.6% -0.6% -3.4%
Coimbatore 118 120 122 124 125 1.4% 1.8% 1.5% 0.8% 5.6%
Dehradun 123 138 164 181 213 12.6% 18.6% 9.9% 18.0% 73.2%
Delhi 125 127 128 131 134 1.0% 1.1% 2.3% 2.3% 6.9%
Faridabad 102 106 110 113 116 4.3% 3.4% 3.2% 2.7% 14.3%
Gandhinagar 133 131 132 133 137 -1.8% 0.9% 0.4% 3.6% 3.1%
Ghaziabad 171 179 193 211 228 4.5% 8.1% 9.2% 8.0% 33.2%
Greater Noida 169 178 190 205 220 5.3% 6.5% 7.9% 7.3% 29.8%
Gurugram 145 154 169 195 216 6.1% 10.1% 15.1% 11.0% 49.1%
Guwahati 148 151 152 150 153 1.7% 1.1% -1.6% 2.1% 3.2%
Howrah 125 126 127 127 127 0.9% 0.8% -0.1% -0.5% 1.1%
Hyderabad 162 165 168 169 168 1.8% 1.6% 0.7% -0.5% 3.7%
Indore 130 137 141 149 151 4.9% 2.9% 6.1% 1.2% 15.9%
Jaipur 118 123 135 145 158 3.7% 9.6% 7.6% 9.0% 33.2%
Kalyan Dombivali 121 123 124 125 125 1.5% 1.1% 0.8% 0.3% 3.7%
Kanpur 117 138 143 151 157 17.9% 3.8% 5.7% 4.1% 34.7%
Kochi 105 102 103 105 108 -2.1% 0.6% 2.3% 2.7% 3.4%
Kolkata 147 150 151 151 150 2.0% 0.8% 0.1% -0.7% 2.2%
Lucknow 162 157 156 156 173 -2.8% -0.4% -0.2% 10.8% 7.1%
Ludhiana 123 126 129 126 144 3.0% 2.3% -2.9% 14.6% 17.3%
Meerut 137 142 145 145 145 4.3% 1.9% 0.1% -0.5% 5.9%
Mira Bhayander 129 131 133 135 137 1.7% 1.5% 1.5% 1.1% 6.0%
Mumbai 105 108 110 112 114 2.5% 2.0% 1.9% 0.9% 7.6%

196
 Index Q-o-Q YoY
Dec- Mar- Sept-
Name of City Jun- Sept-
Sep- Dec- Jun- Sep- 23 vs 24 Vs. 24 vs
Mar-24 24 Vs. 24 vs
23 23 24 24 Sept- Dec- Sept-
Mar-24 Jun-24
23 23 23
Nagpur 122 124 125 126 130 1.4% 0.8% 1.1% 3.0% 6.4%
Nashik 113 113 115 116 118 0.2% 1.2% 1.2% 1.6% 4.2%
Navi Mumbai 132 135 140 143 147 2.7% 3.1% 2.5% 2.7% 11.4%
New Town Kolkata 169 173 174 174 174 2.7% 0.7% -0.4% 0.1% 3.2%
Noida 144 153 167 180 195 6.2% 8.8% 7.9% 8.2% 35.0%
Panvel 106 110 114 119 121 3.4% 4.0% 3.8% 2.2% 14.1%
Patna 191 200 207 218 226 4.4% 3.4% 5.5% 3.8% 18.3%
Pimpri Chinchwad 106 107 109 111 112 1.1% 1.7% 1.7% 1.0% 5.6%
Pune 115 117 118 120 119 1.3% 1.4% 1.0% -0.5% 3.3%
Raipur 140 144 148 151 154 3.1% 2.7% 1.9% 1.6% 9.6%
Rajkot 102 103 108 111 113 0.7% 4.6% 3.5% 1.8% 10.9%
Ranchi 114 117 123 137 143 2.5% 4.9% 11.2% 4.6% 25.0%
Surat 111 113 114 116 119 1.7% 1.7% 1.5% 2.0% 7.2%
Thane 110 113 117 121 124 3.0% 3.0% 3.4% 2.7% 12.6%
Thiruvananthapuram 117 117 118 120 123 -0.2% 0.8% 1.9% 2.0% 4.6%
Vadodara 127 130 134 139 143 2.6% 2.7% 3.4% 3.5% 12.9%
Vasai Virar 126 127 128 129 130 1.1% 0.5% 1.1% 0.6% 3.4%
Vijayawada 117 117 117 104 99 -0.3% -0.1% -11.3% -4.4% -15.6%
Vizag 160 163 165 167 165 1.9% 1.2% 1.3% -1.3% 3.0%
Prepared on Four Quarter Moving Average

197
 Appendix II: Financial Performance of Housing Finance Companies as on
March 31, 2024 (excluding HDFC) vis-à-vis previous years
A. Key Financial Indicators of HFCs
(Amount in ₹ crore)

Outstanding as on Per cent Variation (Y-o-Y)

Particulars
March’22 March’23 March’24 2022-23 2023-24
Paid up Capital 40,357 42,805 45,260 6.07 5.74
Free Reserves 2,24,698 2,55,225 1,47,737 13.59 -42.11
Net Owned Fund (NOF) 2,04,466 2,49,634 1,58,841 22.09 -36.37
Public Deposits 1,25,236 1,35,183 24,764 7.94 -81.68
Housing Loans 9,36,937 10,48,103 6,82,455 11.86 -34.89
Total Loans & Advances 13,42,112 14,57,961 9,57,664 8.63 -34.31
GNPA to o/s Total Loans (%) 3.97% 2.34% 2.32% -163 bps -2 bps
NNPA to o/s Total Loans (%) 1.76% 1.22% 1.18% -54 bps -4 bps

B. Performance of HFCs- Public Ltd. and Private Ltd.

(Amount in ₹ crore)
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024
Particulars Private Private Public Private
Public Ltd. Total Public Ltd. Total Total
Ltd. Ltd. Ltd. Ltd.

Paid up Capital 38,577 1,780 40,357 40,905 1,900 42,805 43,153 2,107 45,260
Free Reserves 2,23,670 1,028 2,24,698 2,53,880 1,345 2,55,225 1,45,726 2,011 1,47,737
Net Owned Fund
2,01,717 2,749 2,04,466 2,46,527 3,107 2,49,634 1,55,089 3,752 1,58,841
(NOF)
Public Deposits 1,25,236 0 1,25,236 1,35,183 0 1,35,183 24,764 0 24,764
Housing Loans 9,33,070 3,867 9,36,937 10,43,119 4,984 10,48,103 6,75,489 6,965 6,82,455

198
C. Performance of HFCs- Public Deposit Accepting and Non-Accepting
(Amount in ₹ crore)
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024

Deposit Accepting HFCs

Deposit Accepting HFCs

Deposit Accepting HFCs

Non-Deposit accepting

Non-Deposit accepting

Non-Deposit accepting
Particulars

Total

Total

Total
HFCs

HFCs

HFCs
Paid up Capital 4,309 36,047 40,357 4,417 38,387 42,805 4,131 41,129 45,260
Free Reserves 1,75,126 49,572 2,24,698 1,93,564 61,661 2,55,225 70,957 76,780 1,47,737
Net Owned Fund
1,52,462 52,004 2,04,466 1,73,185 76,449 2,49,634 71,157 87,684 1,58,841
(NOF)
Public Deposits 1,25,236 0 1,25,236 1,35,183 0 1,35,183 24,764 0 24,764
Housing Loans 7,34,096 2,02,841 9,36,937 8,16,051 2,32,053 10,48,103 4,03,943 2,78,512 6,82,455

D. Performance of HFCs-Sponsored by the Scheduled Commercial Banks and Multi-State

Co-operative Banks and Others
(Amount in ₹ crore)
31-03-2022 31-03-2023 31-03-2024
Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored

Sponsored
Particulars
Total

Total

Total
Non

Non

Non
Paid up Capital 1,392 38,965 40,357 1,497 41,308 42,805 1,577 43,683 45,260
Free Reserves 15,994 2,08,704 2,24,698 17,976 2,37,249 2,55,225 23,447 1,24,290 1,47,737
Net Owned Fund
15,119 1,89,347 2,04,466 17,591 2,32,043 2,49,634 23,246 1,35,596 1,58,841
(NOF)
Public Deposits 18,071 1,07,165 1,25,236 18,359 1,16,825 1,35,183 18,465 6,299 24,764
Housing Loans 83,873 8,53,064 9,36,937 91,861 9,56,242 10,48,103 1,02,030 5,80,424 6,82,455

E. Trend in Outstanding Borrowings by HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)

% Share of each category of

Outstanding as on
borrowing in the total borrowing
Particulars
March’22 March’23 March’24 March’22 March’23 March’24

Public Deposits 1,25,236 1,35,183 24,764 10.61% 10.71% 3.02%

Borrowings from NHB 59,551 67,270 68,341 5.04% 5.33% 8.35%
Borrowings from Banks 3,74,803 4,18,541 3,63,598 31.75% 33.17% 44.40%
Foreign Borrowings 20,942 4,412 2,179 1.77% 0.35% 0.27%

199
 % Share of each category of
Outstanding as on
borrowing in the total borrowing
Particulars
March’22 March’23 March’24 March’22 March’23 March’24

Commercial Papers 50,216 61,847 30,975 4.25% 4.90% 3.78%

Other Borrowings 1,93,387 1,27,505 73,006 16.38% 10.10% 8.91%
Debentures subscribed by Banks 1,04,131 2,15,466 1,09,281 8.82% 17.07% 13.34%
Debentures subscribed by Others 2,52,190 2,31,696 1,46,772 21.36% 18.36% 17.92%
Total Debentures 3,56,320 4,47,163 2,56,053 30.18% 35.44% 31.27%
Total Borrowings 11,80,454 12,61,921 8,18,916 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

F. Trend in Outstanding Loans and Advances and Investments of HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)

Outstanding as on % Share of Total

Particulars
March’22 March’23 March’24 March’22 March’23 March’24
1. Loans and Advances 13,42,112 14,57,961 9,57,664 92.77% 91.18% 95.72%
a) Housing Loans 9,36,937 10,48,103 6,82,455 64.76% 65.55% 68.21%
Of which Housing loans
8,06,443 9,30,191 5,96,989 55.74% 58.17% 59.67%
to individuals
b) Other Loans and
4,05,175 4,09,858 2,75,209 28.01% 25.63% 27.51%
Advances
2. Investments 1,04,625 1,41,089 42,797 7.23% 8.82% 4.28%
3. Total (1+ 2) 14,46,737 15,99,050 10,00,461 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

G. Trend in Outstanding Housing Loans and Total Loans of HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)

Outstanding as on
Particulars
March’22 March’23 March’24

Housing Loans 9,36,937 10,48,103 6,82,455

Housing Loans to Individuals 8,06,443 9,30,191 5,96,989

Total Loans & Advances 13,42,112 14,57,961 9,57,664

Housing Loans to Total Loans & Advances 69.81% 71.89% 71.26%

200
H. Trend in Borrowers’ Type-Wise Disbursements of housing loans of HFCs
(Amount in ₹ crore)

Share as a % of total Housing

Disbursement during FY Growth
Particulars Loan Disbursements

2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2022-23 2023-24

Housing Loan to Individuals 2,59,270 3,08,621 1,83,233 91.17% 91.79% 88.58% 19.03% -40.63%
Housing Loan to Builders 22,953 25,697 21,148 8.07% 7.64% 10.22% 11.95% -17.70%
Housing Loan to Corporate
2,162 1,906 2,485 0.76% 0.57% 1.20% -11.84% 30.38%
Bodies and Others
Total 2,84,385 3,36,224 2,06,866 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 18.23% -38.47%

I. Trend in Slab Wise Housing Loans Disbursements to Individuals by HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)
Slab wise share as a % of total IHL
Disbursements during FY
Loan Size disbursements
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
Upto ₹2 lakh 1,157 1,712 682 0.23% 0.55% 0.37%
>₹2 lakh and upto ₹5 lakh 2,294 3,543 4,108 0.46% 1.15% 2.24%
>₹5 lakh and upto ₹10 lakh 14,614 16,756 15,100 2.94% 5.43% 8.24%
Upto ₹10 lakhs 18,065 22,011 19,890 3.63% 7.13% 10.85%
> ₹10 lakh and upto ₹15 lakh 48,577 23,337 20,122 9.77% 7.56% 10.98%
> ₹15 lakh and upto ₹25 lakh 1,71,124 51,467 36,791 34.43% 16.68% 20.08%
> ₹25 lakhs 2,59,270 2,11,805 1,06,432 52.16% 68.63% 58.08%
Total 4,97,036 3,08,620 1,83,235 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

J. Trend in Purpose-wise Disbursement of Housing Loans to Individuals by HFCs

(Amount in ₹ crore)
New Houses Upgradation Existing Houses
Slab
2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24 2021-22 2022-23 2023-24
Upto ₹2 lakh 1,037 1,164 231 102 358 444 18 190 7
> ₹2 lakh and upto
1,300 2,098 1,969 785 1,168 1,960 208 277 178
₹5 lakh
> ₹5 lakh and upto
9,284 10,860 9,848 2,795 3,078 3,169 2,535 2,818 2,083
₹10 lakh
> ₹ 10 lakh and upto
13,600 14,661 13,011 2,477 2,591 2,252 5,428 6,085 4,859
₹ 15 lakh
> ₹15 lakh and upto
30,145 31,691 22,449 2,925 3,062 2,681 15,506 16,714 11,661
₹ 25 lakh
> ₹ 25 lakh 1,03,731 1,29,482 64,928 2,595 3,079 2,195 64,798 79,244 39,309
Total 1,59,097 1,89,956 1,12,437 11,679 13,336 12,700 88,494 1,05,328 58,097

201
 Appendix III: State / UT wise Disbursement of Individual Housing Loans by HFCs
(Amount in ₹ crore)
Disbursements during FY 2023-24
State
Urban Rural Total
Andaman and Nicobar Islands - - -
Andhra Pradesh 6,875.16 1,884.23 8,759.39
Arunachal Pradesh 2.37 9.54 11.91
Assam 400.01 10.19 410.20
Bihar 1,108.01 32.18 1,140.19
Chandigarh 580.45 36.98 617.44
Chhattisgarh 1,551.31 133.00 1,684.30
Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu 13.62 0.44 14.06
Delhi 10,589.22 188.46 10,777.68
Goa 79.87 22.56 102.42
Gujarat 9,230.71 1,296.34 10,527.05
Haryana 4,902.36 316.35 5,218.71
Himachal Pradesh 36.71 7.32 44.03
Jammu and Kashmir 14.69 0.10 14.79
Jharkhand 759.66 19.92 779.58
Karnataka 20,884.13 2,432.54 23,316.67
Kerala 1,824.70 362.74 2,187.44
Ladakh - - -
Lakshadweep - - -
Madhya Pradesh 8,676.52 1,891.11 10,567.63
Maharashtra 28,378.39 2,297.91 30,676.31
Manipur 2.32 0.82 3.14
Meghalaya - - -
Mizoram - - -
Nagaland 0.15 - 0.15
Odisha 1,521.19 71.49 1,592.68
Puducherry 151.16 15.54 166.70
Punjab 2,643.18 269.57 2,912.74
Rajasthan 9,905.11 2,006.55 11,911.66
Sikkim 141.76 - 141.76
Tamil Nadu 12,829.76 3,602.65 16,432.41
Telangana 20,090.11 1,555.05 21,645.16
Tripura 59.13 - 59.13
Uttar Pradesh 15,189.01 886.35 16,075.35
Uttarakhand 2,244.09 355.84 2,599.93
West Bengal 2,729.01 113.31 2,842.32
Total 1,63,413.87 19,819.08 1,83,232.96

202
 Appendix IV: Housing Loan Disbursed and Units constructed by ACHFs
(Amount in ₹ crore)

2021-22 2022-23 2023-24

State Units Constructed/ Units Constructed/ Units Constructed/
Amount Amount Amount
Financed Financed Financed
Andhra Pradesh n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Assam - - - - n.a. n.a.

Bihar 6 1.27 6 2.20 9 2.37

Chandigarh - - - - n.a. n.a.

Chhattisgarh - - - - n.a. n.a.

Delhi 175 53.77 155 46.60 140 42.20

Goa 23 3.38 13 2.96 n.a. 2.96

Gujarat - - - - - -

Haryana - - n.a. n.a. - -

Himachal Pradesh 10 1.06 4 n.a. 7 n.a.

Jammu & Kashmir n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Karnataka 19 1.40 16 1.81 16 1.53

Kerala 1039 56.14 1091 62.66 2223 57.59

Madhya Pradesh - - - - - -

Maharashtra - - - - - -

Manipur - - n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Megahalaya - - n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Odisha - - - - - -

Puducherry 13 2.87 15 1.49 9 1.11

Punjab n.a. n.a. - - n.a. n.a.

Rajasthan 2 0.43 5 0.63 5 0.69

Tamil Nadu 265 n.a. 20 n.a. 45 n.a.

Telangana 35 3.28 n.a. n.a. 13 2.63

Uttar Pradesh - - - - - -

West Bengal 41 4.30 46 5.78 51 5.71

Total 1628 127.90 1371 124.13 2518 116.78

******************

203
Notes