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SENG105 2022 2033 Chapter 3 Notes

The document covers the principles of static equilibrium for particles, detailing the conditions under which a particle remains at rest or in constant motion. It introduces free-body diagrams (FBD) to illustrate forces acting on particles and provides examples of coplanar and 3D force systems. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding forces in applications such as cranes and pulleys.

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8 views20 pages

SENG105 2022 2033 Chapter 3 Notes

The document covers the principles of static equilibrium for particles, detailing the conditions under which a particle remains at rest or in constant motion. It introduces free-body diagrams (FBD) to illustrate forces acting on particles and provides examples of coplanar and 3D force systems. The document emphasizes the importance of understanding forces in applications such as cranes and pulleys.

Uploaded by

terkpernarh.williams
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanics I: Statics

2022-2023

Chapter 3
Equilibrium of a Particle
07/02/2023
Applications
The crane is lifting a load. To decide
if the straps holding the load to the
crane hook will fail, you need to know
the force in the straps. How could
you find the forces?

Straps

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 2


Contents
• Equilibrium
• Free-body Diagram
• Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
• 3D Force Systems

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 3


Equilibrium
▪ A particle is said to be in equilibrium (static equilibrium) if it
remains at rest if originally at rest, or has a constant velocity if
originally in motion.

▪ When the resultant of all of the


forces applied to a particle is zero,
the particle is in static equilibrium.

hook
෍𝐅 = 𝐎 𝑂𝑅 𝐅𝑅 = 𝐎 (particle)

𝑂𝑅

𝐹𝑅 𝑥 = ෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 𝐹𝑅 𝑦 = ෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 𝐹𝑅 𝑧 = ෍ 𝐹𝑧 = 0

▪ σ 𝐅 = 𝑚𝐚 → 𝐚 = 𝟎.
S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 4
Free-body Diagram
▪ To apply the equation of equilibrium, we must account for all the
known and unknown forces (σ 𝐅) which act on the particle.
▪ Free-body diagram (FBD) is a drawing that shows an object
with all forces that act on it, and together with all necessary
dimensions.
Springs
Assumption: Light, simple, linearly elastic.

𝑠 = 𝑙 − 𝑙𝑜 𝐹 = 𝑘𝑠
𝐹 = Spring force
𝑠 = deformation
𝑘 = Spring constant/stiffness
Simple Spring
S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 5
Free-body Diagram
▪ FBD
Cables/Cords and Pulleys
Assumption: Frictionless pulley and cable, light and inelastic cable.

𝑇1 = 𝑇2 = 𝑇

𝑇1

𝑇2
Cable is in tension
S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 6
Free-body Diagram
▪ FBD
Cables/Rope and Object (Particle)
Assumption: Frictionless pulley and cable
𝑇 𝑁

𝑇
𝑚

𝑊 or 𝑚𝑔
S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 7
Free-body Diagram
▪ Example 1: FBD
The box in the figure weighs 200 N. Draw a FBD for point A
and the box.

200 N

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 8


Free-body Diagram
▪ Example 2: FBD
The springs on the rope assembly are originally unstretched when
𝜃 = 0o . The weight of the block is 𝑊. Draw a FBD of the pulley at B,
point A, and the block when the system is in equilibrium at 𝜃 = 60o .
Calculate the tension in rope AB when the system is in equilibrium.

block

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 9


Free-body Diagram
▪ Example 3: FBD
Draw the FBD of the sphere A if the system is in equilibrium. The
mass of the sphere is 𝑚. All surfaces are smooth.

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 10


Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
▪ If a particle is subjected to a system of coplanar forces that lie in
the x-y plane, then the 𝐢 and 𝐣 components of the resultant force
is given by:
෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 𝐹𝑅 𝑥 =0
𝑂𝑅
𝐹𝑅 𝑦 =0
෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0

▪ Example 4
The particle in the figures below is in equilibrium.
(a) Determine the force 𝐅 (b) Determine 𝐹 and 𝑇
T
30𝑜
𝑥
F 20 N 𝐹

40 N
S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 11
Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
▪ Example 5
Determine the tension developed in wires CA and CB required
for equilibrium of the 10-kg cylinder. Take 𝜃 = 60o .

Note: You can also use the ‘triangle rule’


for this problem. If three forces act on an
object, and the object is in equilibrium,
then the three forces can represent the
three sides of a triangle, with the sides
drawn in the same direction.

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 12


Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
▪ Example 6
(a) If the force system shown in (b) If the force system shown in
the figure is in equilibrium, the figure is in equilibrium,
determine 𝜃 and 𝑊 in terms determine 𝑇 and 𝜃.
of 𝑇.

2𝑇 T
80 N
𝜃 8 𝜃
6

𝑊 100 N

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 13


Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
▪ Example 7
The springs on the rope assembly are originally unstretched when
𝜃 = 0o . The weight of the block is 𝑊. Calculate the tension in rope
AB and the value of 𝑊 when the system is in equilibrium at 𝜃 = 60o .

block

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 14


Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
▪ Example 8
The spring has a stiffness of 𝑘 = 700 N/m and an unstretched
length of 200 mm. Determine the force in cables BC and BD
when the spring is held in the position shown.

𝑘 = 700 N/m

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 15


Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
▪ Example 9
The spring has a stiffness of 𝑘 (N/m), with an unstretched length of
200 mm. Determine the value of 𝑘 if the force in cable BC when the
spring is held in the position shown is 200 N.

𝑘 (N/m)

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 16


Coplanar (2D) Force Systems
▪ Example 10
Determine the required length of cord AC in the figure so that the 8-
kg lamp can be suspended in the position shown. The undeformed
′
length of spring AB is 𝑙𝐴𝐵 = 0.4 m, and the spring has a stiffness of
𝑘𝐴𝐵 = 300 N/m.

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 17


3D Force Systems

෍𝐅 = 𝟎 𝑂𝑅 𝐅𝑅 = 𝐎

𝑂𝑅

෍ 𝐹𝑥 = 0 𝐹𝑅 𝑥 =0

෍ 𝐹𝑦 = 0 𝑂𝑅 𝐹𝑅 𝑦 =0

෍ 𝐹𝑧 = 0 𝐹𝑅 𝑧 =0

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 18


3D Force Systems
▪ Example 11
A particle is subjected to the three forces 𝐅1 = 2𝐢 + 𝑏𝐣 − 10𝐤
and 𝐅2 = 𝑎𝐢 − 6𝐣 − 4𝐤, and 𝐅3 = 2𝐢 + 8𝐣 + 𝑐𝐤. If the particle is
equilibrium, determine the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐.

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 19


3D Force Systems
▪ Example 12
If the balloon is subjected to a net uplift force of 𝑃 = 800 N, find
the three equations that will be used to determine the tension
developed in ropes AB, AC, and AD. Neglect the weight of the
balloon.
𝐏
𝐏

𝐓𝐶
𝐓𝐵 𝐓𝑫

S. K. Armah (PgCAP, Ph.D.) 20

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