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CN Lab Lecture 3 VLSM_Fall_23_24

The document outlines the concept of Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) in computer networks, emphasizing its advantages over classful addressing by allowing different subnet sizes based on actual IP requirements. It includes steps for implementing VLSM, examples of subnetting, and homework assignments for practice. The document highlights the significant reduction in unused IP addresses achieved through VLSM compared to traditional methods.

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6 views16 pages

CN Lab Lecture 3 VLSM_Fall_23_24

The document outlines the concept of Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) in computer networks, emphasizing its advantages over classful addressing by allowing different subnet sizes based on actual IP requirements. It includes steps for implementing VLSM, examples of subnetting, and homework assignments for practice. The document highlights the significant reduction in unused IP addresses achieved through VLSM compared to traditional methods.

Uploaded by

Jamilur Reza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variable Length Subnet Mask

Course Code: CSC 3116 Course Title: Computer Networks

Dept. of Computer Science


Faculty of Science and Technology

Lecturer No: 3 Week No: Semester: Fall 23-24


Lecturer: Sharifa Rania Mahmud; [email protected]
Lecture Outline

1. Introduction
2. VLSM
▪ Steps of VLSM
▪ Example 1
▪ Example 2
3. Homework
Introduction

Problems of Large Network


▪ A large network is difficult to manage
▪ Less security as each host of the network can reach all other hosts.
▪ Huge broadcast domain, thereby large bandwidth consumption
▪ Waste of unused IP addresses
Introduction….

How to overcome the problems?


Dividing a large network into several smaller networks,
called subdivided networks or subnets.
Introduction….

For classful addressing


Network No. of IP
Network: E addresses
Network: A Required IP: 5
B allocated
Required IP: 56
C Network: F A 256
Required IP: 21 B 256
D C 256
Network: G
D 256
Required IP: 26
E 256
F 256
G 256
Introduction

• Required IPs: 56+5+21+26+4+4+4=120


• Classful address
• No. o allocated IPs: 256×7=1792 IP
(1792−120)×100
• Percentage of unused IP= =93% (approx.)
1792
Introduction

Is there any way to further reduce the


unused IP addresses?

Yup!
Instead of giving the same number of IP addresses to all subnets,
allocate different number of IP addresses depending
on each subnet’s needs.
VLSM

• Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)


• Instead of allocating the same number of IP addresses to all networks,
the number of IP addresses allocated to network depends on the
network’s need.
• Different network is provided with different number of IPs
VLSM
Steps of VLSM

➢Step 1: Write the networks’ names and IP requirements in descending


order of IP requirements.
A (56), G(26), F(21), E(5), B(4), C(4), D(4)
➢Step 2: Find the number of host bits needed to satisfy the IP
requirement of each subnet?
➢Step 3: Based on the number of host bits, find the subnet mask for
each subnet.
➢Step 4: Allocate IPs to each subnet starting from the beginning of the
IP block. Allocate IPs to subnet sequentially according to the
sorted network sequence found in Step 1.
VLSM….
Example 1

11111111. 11111111. 11111111. 11000000

26 6
Subnet No. of IPs How many bits to No. of No. of host bits Subnet mask Allocated IP range
required borrow allocated IPs No. of net bits
A 56 26 > 56 > 25 64 𝑥 = 6, 255.255.255.192 192.168.5.0-
𝑦 = 32 − 6 = 26 192.168.5.63/26
G 26 25 > 26 > 24 32 𝑥 = 5, 255.255.255.224 192.168.5.64-
𝑦 = 32 − 5 = 27 192.168.5.95/27
F 21 25 > 21 > 24 32 𝑥 = 5, 255.255.255.224 192.168.5.96-
𝑦 = 32 − 5 = 27 192.168.5.127/27
E 5 23 > 5 > 22 8 𝑥 = 3, 255.255.255.248 192.168.5.128-
𝑦 = 32 − 3 = 29 192.168.5.135/29
B 4 22 = 4 4 𝑥 = 2, 255.255.255.252 192.168.5.136-
𝑦 = 32 − 2 = 30 192.168.5.139/30
C 4 22 = 4 4 𝑥 = 2, 255.255.255.252 192.168.5.140-
𝑦 = 32 − 2 = 30 192.168.5.143/30
D 4 22 = 4 4 𝑥 = 2, 255.255.255.252 192.168.5.144-
𝑦 = 32 − 2 = 30 192.168.5.147/30
VLSM….
Example 1

VLSM
No. of allocated IPs: 64+32+32+8+4+4+4=148 IP
(148−120)×100
Percentage of unused IP= = 19% (approx.)
148

Percentage of unused IP address (for the given network)


Classful Addressing VLSM
93% 19%
VLSM….

Is it possible to further reduce the unused IP?


Spend your time to propose a new subnetting technique.
VLSM….
Example 2

❖ Suppose that we have three networks: A, B and C with IP


requirements 50, 4 and 28. If You are given an IP block 130.3.0.0,
allocate IPs performing subnetting.
Subnet No. of IPs How many bits No. of No. of host bits Subnet mask Allocated IP
required to borrow allocated IPs No. of net bits range
A 50 26 > 50 > 25 64 𝑥 = 6, 255.255.255.19 130.3.0.0-
𝑦 = 32 − 6 = 26 2 130.3.0.63/26
C 28 25 > 28 > 24 32 𝑥 = 5, 255.255.255.22 130.3.0.64-
𝑦 = 32 − 5 = 27 4 130.3.0.95/27
B 4 22 = 4 4 𝑥 = 2, 255.255.255.25 130.3.0.96-
𝑦 = 32 − 2 = 30 2 130.3.0.99/30
Homework

1. Suppose that we have three networks: A, B and C with IP


requirements 500, 4000 and 208, respectively. If You are given an IP
block 130.3.0.0, allocate IPs performing subnetting.

2. Suppose that we have six networks: A, B, C, D, E and F with IP


requirements 120, 4 and 9, 4, 32, 7, respectively. If You are given an
IP block 210.3.0.0, allocate IPs performing subnetting.
References

[No reference]
Recommended Books

1. Official Cert Guide CCNA 200-301 , vol. 1, W. Odom, Cisco Press,


First Edition, 2019, USA.

2. CCNA Routing and Switching, T. Lammle, John Wily & Sons, Second
Edition, 2016, USA.

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