Unit 1 Review Sheet

Atomic Structure
1. Know the charge, location, and mass of all subatomic particles.

2. Explain the differences between the different models of the atom: Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford. How or what lead to

each model change, what were the circumstances, so to speak?

4. Give the atomic number of bromine. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Br-80 have?

5. What do isotopes have in common? What is different about isotopes?

6. What is the mass number of an isotope of sodium with 12 neutrons?

7. Calculate the average atomic mass from the relative abundance and masses of the five naturally occurring isotope of

zinc.

64Zn = 48.89% 63.929amu

66Zn = 27.81% 65.926amu

67Zn = 4.11% 66.927amu

68Zn = 18.57% 67.925amu

70Zn = 0.62% 69.925amu

8. Copper has two naturally occurring isotopes and an average atomic mass of 63.546 amu. Copper-63 has a mass of

62.940 amu and an abundance of 69.17%. What is the mass of copper’s other isotope?

10. What caused the deflection of the alpha particles in Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?

11. Which statement is consistent with the results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?

a. All atoms have a positive charge.

b. Atoms are mostly empty space.

c. The nucleus of an atom contains protons and electrons.

d. Mass is spread uniformly throughout an atom.

12. Which subatomic particle was discovered by researchers working with a cathode ray tube?

13. Which subatomic particle identifies an atom as that of a particular element? How is this particle related to the atom’s

atomic number?

14. Which subatomic particles account for most of an atom’s mass?

Chapter 5 Study Guide

THIS SHOULD ESTABLISH A BASE KNOWLEDGE!!!!!

1. What are the chemical properties of atoms related to?

2. How is Bohr’s model different from Rutherford’s model of the atom? How is Schrodinger’s quantum mechanical
model for the atom different from Bohr’s atomic model?

3. The energy level of an electron is the region around the nucleus where __________________________________.

4. Is the following sentence true or false? The electrons in an atom can exist between energy levels. ________________

5. Circle the letter of the term that completes the sentence correctly. A quantum of energy is the amount of energy required
a. to move an electron from its present energy level to the next lower one
b. to maintain an electron in its present energy level
c. to move an electron from its present energy level to the next higher one

6. In general, the higher the electron is on the energy ladder, the ______________________ it is from the nucleus.

7. What is the difference between the previous models of the atom and the modern quantum mechanical model?

8. Is the following sentence true or false? The quantum mechanical model of the atom estimates the probability of finding an electron
in a certain position. ______________________

9. Circle the letter of the term that correctly answers the question. Which name describes the major energy levels of electrons?
a. atomic orbitals b. quantum mechanical numbers c. quantas d. principal quantum numbers

10. Principal energy levels are assigned values (for use in the quantum mechanical model) in order of ______________________
energy: n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7.

11. In the quantum mechanical model the regions where electrons are likely to be found are called ______________________ and are
denoted by ______________________ that represent a shape.

12. Create a diagram or diagrams below of an s orbital, p orbital, and d orbital.

13. Match the name of the rule used to find the electron configurations of atoms with the rule itself.
_______ 2. aufbau principle a. When electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each
orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with parallel spins.
_______ 3. Pauli exclusion principle b. Electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first.
_______ 4. Hund’s rule c. An atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons.

14. Look at your aufbau diagram in the book, which atomic orbital is of higher energy, a 4f or a 5p orbital? _____

15. Write the electron configurations and orbital notation for the elements given in the table below.
Element Electron Configuration Orbital Notation
He
C
O
Ne
16. When writing an electron configuration, what does a superscript stand for?

17. When writing an electron configuration, what does the sum of the superscripts equal?
18. Light consists of electromagnetic waves. What kinds of visible and invisible radiation are included in the electromagnetic
spectrum?

19. Match each term describing waves to its definition.

_______ amplitude a. the distance between two crests
_______ wavelength b. the wave’s height from the origin to the crest
_______ frequency c. the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time

20. Create a diagram of a wave and label the parts. Label the wavelength, the amplitude, the crest, and the origin.

21. Is the following sentence true or false? The frequency and wavelength of all waves are inversely related. _______________

22. The product of frequency and wavelength always equals a(n) ______________________ , the speed of light.

23. The units of frequency are usually cycles per second. The SI unit of cycles per second is called a(n) __________________ .

24. When sunlight passes through a prism, the different wavelengths separate into a(n) ______________________ of colors.

25. Put the visible colors in order from light with the longest wavelength and lowest frequency to light with the shortest wavelength
and the highest frequency.
_______ orange _______ yellow _______ blue _______ red
_______ green _______ indigo _______ violet

26. Use the notes and say what type of radiation has the lowest frequency?

What type of radiation has the highest frequency?

27. What happens when an electric discharge is passed through the gas or vapor of an element?

28. Passing the light emitted by an element through a prism gives the _________________________________ of the element.

29. Is the following sentence true or false? The emission spectrum of an element can be the same as the emission spectrum of another
element. ______________________

30. Planck showed mathematically that the amount of radiant energy (E) absorbed or emitted by a body is ______________ to the
frequency of the radiation: E = h v

31. What is a small, discrete unit of energy called?

32. What is the lowest energy level of an electron called? _____________________________

33. Only electrons in transition from ______________________ to ______________________ energy levels lose energy and emit
light.

35. What element is identified by the following electron configurations?

a. 1s2 2s2 2p3 c. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 d. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

36. CD players have a small infrared laser that emits light at 7.40 x 10-7 m (740 nm). What is the frequency of this radiation? What is
the energy of this radiation?
Challenging Questions:
37. Identify the each element that:
a. Contains 7 electrons in the 3d level
b. Has an outer energy level of 5s2
c. Has 3 electrons in the 2p orbital

How many electrons are there in the third shell of the atom with atomic number 23?
1) 3 2) 8 3) 10 4) 11 5) 13

. How many electrons are there in the “p” orbitals of the last shell of silicon,
atomic number 14?
1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4 5) 0

Which of the following is the correct order for electrons filling in orbitals?
1) 1s, 2s, 2p, 2d 3) 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d
2) 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d 4) 3p, 4s, 3d, 5s 5) 4s, 3d, 4p, 4d

When lithium (at. no. 3) loses its single 2nd shell electron, its electronic structure
resembles that l) hydrogen, 1H; 2) helium, 2He; 3) boron, 5B;
4) neon, 10Ne.

Which electron configuration represents a neutral atom of nitrogen in an excited state?

1) 1s2 2s22p3 2) 1s2 2s22p4 3) 1s2 2sl2p4 4) 1s2 2sl2p5 Note: 7N

Which atom the ground state has three unpaired electrons in its outermost principle
in energy level? l) 3Li 2) 13Al 3) 15P 4) 38Sr

Choose the electron arrangement that is possible.

l) 8 electrons in Level l and 2 electrons in Level 2
2) 8 electrons in Level l and 8 electrons in Level 2
3) 1 electron in Level 1 and 8 electrons in Level 2
4) 2 electrons in Level l and 8 electrons in Level 2
5) None of these arrangements are possible.

What are the Noble Gas Notation of electron configurations of the following elements: Nb, Be, Na, Hg, Th

What are the Noble Gas Notation of Orbital Notations for the following elements: Mn, C, Bi, Sm