Inheritance (1)
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sakshamdubey022Inheritance (1)
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sakshamdubey022Inheritance-
Inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming (OOP) that allows a class to
inherit attributes and methods from another class. This promotes code reusability and establishes a
hierarchical relationship between classes.
Syntax and Example-
In Python, inheritance is implemented by defining a new class that derives from an existing class. The
derived class (child class) inherits the attributes and methods of the base class (parent class).
# Parent class
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, id):
self.name = name
self.id = id
def display(self):
print(self.name, self.id)
# Child class
class Employee(Person):
def print_emp(self):
print("Employee class called")
# Creating an instance of the Employee class
emp = Employee("John", 101)
emp.display() # Output: John 101
emp.print_emp() # Output: Employee class called
Types of Inheritance
Python supports various types of inheritance:
1. Single Inheritance: Single inheritance is a fundamental concept in object-oriented
programming where a child class inherits properties and methods from a single parent class.
Example of Single Inheritance
# Parent class
class Person:
def __init__(self, name, age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
def display(self):
print(f"Name: {self.name}, Age: {self.age}")
# Child class inheriting from Person
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, name, age, student_id):
super().__init__(name, age) # Call the constructor of the parent class
self.student_id = student_id
def display_student(self):
print(f"Student ID: {self.student_id}")
# Creating an instance of the Student class
student = Student("Alice", 20, "S12345")
student.display() # Calling the method from the parent class
student.display_student() # Calling the method from the child class
2. Multiple Inheritance: Multiple inheritance in Python allows a class to inherit attributes and
methods from more than one parent class.
Example of multiple Inheritance -
class Parent1:
def display1(self):
print("In class Parent1")
class Parent2:
def display2(self):
print("In class Parent2")
class Child(Parent1, Parent2):
pass
obj = Child()
obj.display1()
obj.display2()
3. Multilevel Inheritance: A child class inherits from a parent class, which in turn inherits from
another parent class.
Example of Multilevel Inheritance-
# Base class
class Animal:
def eat(self):
print("Eating...")
# Derived class 1
class Mammal(Animal):
def walk(self):
print("Walking...")
# Derived class 2
class Dog(Mammal):
def bark(self):
print("Barking...")
# Creating an object of the Dog class
dog = Dog()
dog.eat() # Output: Eating...
dog.walk() # Output: Walking...
dog.bark() # Output: Barking...
4. Hierarchical Inheritance: Multiple child classes inherit from the same parent class.
Example of Hierarchical Inheritance-
# Parent class
class Animal:
def speak(self):
print("Animal speaks")
# Child class 1
class Dog(Animal):
def bark(self):
print("Dog barks")
# Child class 2
class Cat(Animal):
def meow(self):
print("Cat meows")
# Creating objects of child classes
dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()
# Accessing methods from the parent class
dog.speak() # Output: Animal speaks
dog.bark() # Output: Dog barks
cat.speak() # Output: Animal speaks
cat.meow() # Output: Cat meows
5. Hybrid Inheritance: A combination of two or more types of inheritance.
Example of Hierarchical Inheritance-
class Animal:
def speak(self):
print("Animal speaks")
class Mammal(Animal):
def give_birth(self):
print("Mammal gives birth")
class Bird(Animal):
def lay_eggs(self):
print("Bird lays eggs")
class Platypus(Mammal, Bird):
pass
platypus = Platypus()
platypus.speak() # Method from Animal class
platypus.give_birth() # Method from Mammal class
platypus.lay_eggs() # Method from Bird class
