The Nature of

Educational
Assessment
 Mark
Bonifacio

WHY ASSESSMENT AND

EVALUATION IS IMPORTANT IN
EDUCATION?
 Mark
Bonifacio

This will help us to know how much students

are mastering, how well students are learning,
and how well students are meeting the stated
goals and objectives.
 Mark
Bonifacio

IMPORTANCE OF ASSESSMENT

Assessment serves specific purposes. The

results of assessment are generally used to:

1. Provide essential guide for planning,

implementing, and improving instructional
programs and techniques.
 Mark
Bonifacio

IMPORTANCE OF ASSESSMENT
2. Monitor student’s progress

3. Promote learning by providing positive

information like knowledge of results,
knowledge of tasks well done, good grades
and praises
 Mark
Bonifacio

IMPORTANCE OF ASSESSMENT
4. Measure the outcomes of instruction

5. Provide the parents with information on how

well their children are doing in school.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Educators and administrators should

understand that assessing students and
evaluating the results must be ongoing and
frequent.
 Mark
Bonifacio

SCOPE OF ASSESSMENT

1. Cognitive (knowledge, intellectual abilities)

2. Affective (attitudes, appreciation, values)

3. Psychomotor (motor skills, performing task)

 Mark
Bonifacio

TESTING
MEASUREMENT
ASSESSMENT
EVALUATION
 Mark
Bonifacio

TESTING

• Testing is defined as a formal, systematic

procedure for gathering information or to examine
someone’s knowledge of something to determine
what that person knows or has learned.

• Therefore, testing is done by administering a test.

 Mark
Bonifacio

TEST
• Test means an instrument to be used for accurate
measurement for anything.

• A test is a specific tool to draw out response from

students.

• A test is a tool or instrument used to obtain data

about a trait or characteristics.
 Mark
Bonifacio

TEST
• Test means an instrument to be used for accurate
measurement for anything.

• A test is a specific tool to draw out response from

students.

• A test is a tool or instrument used to obtain data

about a trait or characteristics.
 Mark
Bonifacio

TEST
• A test is a device used to measure the
performance, skills, knowledge on a specific
subject matter by giving a set of questions to be
answered by students.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Classification and Uses of Standard Tests

A. According to Mode of Response

B. According to Ease of Scoring
C. According to Test Constructor
D. According to Mode of Interpreting Results
E. According to Construction
 Mark
Bonifacio

A. According to Mode of Response

1. Oral Test – answers are spoken.

2. Written Test – students either select or

provide a response to a prompt

3. Performance Test – requires the students

to demonstrate their skills
 Mark
Bonifacio

B. According to Ease of Scoring

1. Objective
Usually brief and have only one correct
answer, hence, can be scored easily

2. Subjective
Scores are likely to be influenced by
personal opinion or judgment
 Mark
Bonifacio

C. According to Test Constructor

1. Standardized - prepared by specialists
who are versed in the principles of
assessment

2. Non-standardized (teacher-made) -
Constructed for use in a single classroom
with a single group of pupils
 Mark
Bonifacio

D. According to Mode of Interpreting Results

1. Norm-referenced interpretations
Designed to measure the performance of a
student compared with other students

2. Criterion-referenced interpretations
Designed to measure the performance of
students with respect to some particular criterion
or standard
 Mark
Bonifacio

E. According to Construction
1. Structured test – when examinee is required to
respond within the framework or design of the
test and correct responses are expected

2. Unstructured test – the examinee is free to

respond in any way he likes, thinks, feels or has
experienced; there is no incorrect answer
 Mark
Bonifacio

MEASUREMENT
• Educational measurement is the science and
practice of obtaining numerical description about
characteristics of students, such as their
knowledge, skills, and abilities.

• Every time a test is used it must have its score

called measurement.
 Mark
Bonifacio

MEASUREMENT
• To measure anything, we need some standard scale,
questionnaire or an instrument known as TEST.

• Measurement takes place when a “test” is given and

a “score” is obtained.

• The measurement is the specific score given every

time when a test is applied
 Mark
Bonifacio

ASSESSMENT

• The word assessment is rooted in the Latin word

assidere, which means “to sit beside another.”

• The process of gathering quantitative and

qualitative data of what a student can do.
 Mark
Bonifacio

ASSESSMENT

the aim of assessment is to use evidence on student

learning to further promote and manage learning
and to provide students, parents, and teachers with
reliable information regarding student progress and
extent of attainment of the expected learning
outcomes.
 Mark
Bonifacio

ASSESSMENT

• It is the vital component of the teaching-learning

process.
 Mark
Bonifacio

TYPES OF ASSESSMENT

www.education.vic.gov.au/
school/teacher/support/pages/ advice.aspx
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment FOR Learning

The preposition “for” implies that assessment is

done to improve and ensure learning. This is done
while the teacher is in the process of student
formation.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment FOR Learning

In Assessment FOR Learning, teachers use

assessment results to inform or adjust their
teaching.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment FOR learning may take on the following

assessment roles:

1.Formative assessment
2.Diagnostic assessment
3.Placement assessment
 Mark
Bonifacio

FORMATIVE Assessment

refers to assessment activities that provide

information to both teachers and students on
how they can improve their teaching-learning
process.
 Mark
Bonifacio

FORMATIVE Assessment

it is immediately used to make adjustments

to help students learn the lessons better.

This is a continuous process and is used at the

beginning, during and after instruction
Mark
Bonifacio
 Mark
Bonifacio

DIAGNOSTIC Assessment

aims to detect the learning problems or

difficulties of the learners so that corrective
measures or interventions are done to ensure
learning.
 Mark
Bonifacio

DIAGNOSTIC Assessment

Diagnostic assessment is usually done right after

seeing signs of learning problems in the course
of teaching.
 Mark
Bonifacio

PLACEMENT Assessment

is usually done at the beginning of the school

year to determine the entry performance of the
learners.

The entrance examination given in schools is

an example of placement assessment.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment OF Learning

This type of assessment is usually given at the

end of a unit, chapter, grading period or term. It is
meant to assess learning for grading purposes.

It provides information about student

achievement.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment OF Learning

Summative Assessments are assessment

activities that aim to determine learner’s mastery
of content or attainment of learning outcomes.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment AS Learning

This is associated with self-assessment.

Assessment by itself is already a form of learning

for the students.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment AS Learning

This type of assessment guides and provides

opportunities for each student to monitor and
critically reflect on his/her learning and identify
next steps.
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment AS Learning
Develops and supports student’s metacognitive
skills.

Assessment as learning focuses on students and

emphasizes assessment as a process of
metacognition (knowledge of one’s own
thought processes)
 Mark
Bonifacio

Assessment AS Learning

This form of assessment is crucial in helping

students become lifelong learners.

It helps students to take more responsibility for

their own learning and monitoring future
directions.
 Mark
Bonifacio

ASSESSMET
FOR OF AS
Formative Assessm’t Summative Assessment Self assessment
Diagnostic Assessm’t - Chapter Test Personal reflection
Placement Assessm’t - Unit Test Peer assessment
- Periodic Test
- Achievement Test
- Midterm Exam
 Mark
Bonifacio

EVALUATION
• The use of measurement in making decisions.

• The process of analyzing and interpreting the data

obtained from the test.

• Process of obtaining and providing useful

information for judging decision.
 Mark
Bonifacio

EVALUATION

• Evaluation assigns the worth of value to the

measured score.
 Mark
Bonifacio

EVALUATION

Evaluation involves two steps:

1. Comparison of collected data.

2. Decision making or announcement of evaluation
on the basis of finding “how good”
Mark
Bonifacio
 Mark
Bonifacio

DISTINCTION AMONG THESE CONCEPTS

TESTING MEASUREMENT ASSESSMENT EVALUATION

Process of Quantifying the Gathering Making

administering result of testing information judgement/
the TEST (tool) decision
Mark
Bonifacio
Mark
Bonifacio
 Mark
Bonifacio

References:
www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teacher/support/pages/ advice.aspx

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Assessment-is-today-s-means-of-modifying.jpg

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