FIN5FMA - FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

TUTORIAL 10– DIVIDEND POLICY

Part 1: Indicate whether each of the following statement is TRUE or FALSE.

1. The dividend irrelevance theory, proposed by Miller and Modigliani, says that as long as a firm pays
a dividend (K trả cũng đc), how much it pays does not affect either its cost of capital or its stock
price.
False
2. Managers, on average, do not raise dividends unless they believe future earnings will be able to sustain
the higher level dividends.
True

3. Firms with a large number of acceptable capital budgeting (NPV or IRR) projects generally have a high
dividend payout ratio.
False
4. A stock split is always associated with an increase in the value of the equity outstanding.
Split thì tăng number of share outstanding nhưng sẽ giảm value => False
5. If the information content, or signaling, hypothesis is correct, then changes in dividend policy can
be important with respect to firm value and capital costs.
True
6. If a firm repurchases its stock in the open market, the shareholders who tender the stock are subject
to capital gains taxes.
True
7. If you own 100 shares in a company’s stock and the company’s stock splits 2-for-1, you will own 200 shares
in the company following the split.
True
8. Some dividend reinvestment plans increase the amount of equity capital available to the firm.
True
9. If your company has established a clientele of investors who prefer large dividends, the company is unlikely
to adopt a residual dividend policy.
True
10. If a firm follows a residual dividend policy, holding all else constant, its dividend payout will tend to rise
(fall) whenever the firm’s investment opportunities improve.
Flase

Part 2 – Questions & problems

1. How would each of the following changes tend to affect aggregate (that is, the average for all corporations)
payout ratios, other things held constant? Explain your answers. (Payout ratio = D/NI)

a. An increase in the personal income tax rate

Invester will prefer to retain and reinvest the earnings to avoid the tax
=> Reduce payout ratio

b. A rise in interest rates

Might decrease and increase

c. An increase in corporate profits
Increase profit => more able to sustain the increase in the dividend for long period
=> Payout ratio tăng. (Có nhiều tiền hơn để trả dividend)

d. A decline in investment opportunities

If investment opportunities for firms declined while cash inflows remained relatively constant, an increase
would be expected in the payout ratio.
Đầu tư ít hơn nhưng dòng tiền vẫn vào đều đều => Có nhiều tiền hơn để trả dividend.

2. Axel Telecommunications has a target capital structure that consists of 70% debt and 30% equity. The
company anticipates that its capital budget for the upcoming year will be $3,000,000. If Axel reports net income
of $2,000,000 and it follows a residual dividend payout policy, what will be its dividend payout ratio?
70% debt = $2,100,000
30% equity = $900,000
Dividend = NI – Equity = 2,000,000 – 900,000 = 1,100,000
Payout ratio = D/NI = 55%

3. Gamma Medical’s stock trades at $90 a share. The company is contemplating a 3-for-2 stock split. Assuming
that the stock split will have no effect on the market value of its equity, what will be the company’s stock price
following the stock split?
3-for-2 means 2 stocks will be converted to 3 new stocks
P0 = 90
P1 = ?
90 x 2 = P1 x 3 (Tổng giá trị của cổ phiếu khi giá là 90 và số lượng là 2 cổ = khi giá là P1 và số lượng là 3 cổ)
=> P1 = $60

4. Beta Industries has net income of $2,000,000, and it has 1,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding. The
company’s stock currently trades at $32 a share. Beta is considering a plan in which it will use available cash to
repurchase 20% of its shares in the open market. The repurchase is expected to have no effect on net income or
the company’s P/E ratio. What will be Beta’s stock price following the stock repurchase?
EPS0 = $2m/1m = $2
P/E = 32/2 = 16
No of share to be bought back = 1m*20% =200,000
EPS1 = $2/(1-0.2) = 2.5
P1/E1 = 16 => P1 = 2.5*16= $40

5. Northern Pacific Heating and Cooling Inc. has a 6-month backlog of orders for its patented solar heating
system. To meet this demand, management plans to expand production capacity by 40% with a $10 million
investment in plant and machinery. The firm wants to maintain a 40% debt-to-total-assets ratio in its capital
structure. It also wants to maintain its past dividend policy of distributing 45% of last year’s net income. In 2011,
net income was $5 million. How much external equity must Northern Pacific seek at the beginning of 2012 to
expand capacity as desired? Assume that the firm uses only debt and common equity in its capital structure.
Given:
Capital budgeting: $10m
40% debt: $4m
60% equity: $6m
Net income: $5m
Dividend: 45%

RE = 5m(1-45%) = $2,750,000
External equity needed = E – RE = 6,000,000 – 2,750,000 = $3,250,000

6. Welch Company is considering three independent projects, each of which requires a $5 million investment.
The estimated internal rate of return (IRR) and cost of capital for these projects are presented here:

Note that the projects’ costs of capital vary because the projects have different levels of risk. The company’s
optimal capital structure calls for 50% debt and 50% common equity, and it expects to have net income of
$7,287,500. If Welch establishes its dividends from the residual dividend model, what will be its payout ratio?
Select project H and L bcuz their IRR > WACC
=> total invesment = 10m (5m each)
50% debt = 5m
50% equity = 5m
Dividend = NI – E = $2,287,500
=> Payout ratio = D/NI = 31.39%

7. Rubenstein Bros. Clothing is expecting to pay an annual dividend per share of $0.75 out of annual earnings
per share of $2.25. Currently, Rubenstein Bros.’stock is selling for $12.50 per share. Adhering to the company’s
target capital structure, the firm has $10 million in assets, of which 40% is funded by debt. Assume that the
firm’s book value of equity equals its market value. In past years, the firm has earned a return on equity (ROE) of
18%, which is expected to continue this year and into the foreseeable future.

a. Based on that information, what long-run growth rate can the firm be expected to maintain? (Hint: g =
Retention rate ×ROE.)

D
Retention rate = 1 -
EPS

g = Retention rate x ROE = 12%

b. What is the stock’s required return?

 D 0.75
Rs = + g= +12 %=18 %
P 12.5
c. If the firm changed its dividend policy and paid an annual dividend of $1.50 per share, financial analysts would
predict that the change in policy will have no effect on the firm’s stock price or ROE. Therefore, what must be
the firm’s new expected long-run growth rate and required return?

g = Retention rate x ROE = (1 – 1.50/2.25) x 18% = 6%

D 1.50
Rs = + g= +6 %=18 %
P 12.5

d. Suppose instead that the firm has decided to proceed with its original plan of disbursing $0.75 per share to
shareholders, but the firm intends to do so in the form of a stock dividend rather than a cash dividend. The firm
will allot new shares based on the current stock price of $12.50. In other words, for every $12.50 in dividends
due to shareholders, a share of stock will be issued. How large will the stock dividend be relative to the firm’s
current market capitalization? (Hint: Remember that market capitalization = P0 × number of shares
outstanding.)

Equity value = (1-40%)*10m = $6m

Total shares outstanding = 6m/12.5 = 480,000

New shares issued = 0.75/12.5 x 480,000 = 28,800

Total dividends = 28,800*12.5= $360,000

%Total dividends/ Market Cap = 360,000/6,000,000 = 6%

e. If the plan in Part d is implemented, how many new shares of stock will be issued, and by how much will the
company’s earnings per share be diluted?

NI = ROE x Equity = 18% x 6m =1.08m

EPS0 = 1.08m/0.48m = $2.25

EPS1 = 1.08m/(0.48m+0.0288m) = $2.12

Dilution = 2.25 – 2.12 = $0.13