Fluid Mechanics Reviewer from DIT Gillesania

Chapter 4 Relative Equilibrium of Liquids

1. An open rectangular tank mounted on a truck is 5m long, 2m wide, and 2.5m high is filled with water to a depth of
2m. (a) What maximum horizontal acceleration can be imposed on the tank without spilling any water and (b)
determine the accelerating force on the liquid mass? (c) If the acceleration is increased 6 𝑚⁄ 2 , how much water is
𝑠
spilled out? (Ans.: (a) a = 1.962 𝒎⁄ 𝟐 ; (b) Accelerating Force, F = 39,240 N; (c) V = 9.78 𝒎𝟑 )
𝒔

2. A closed horizontal cylindrical tank 1.5m in diameter and 4m long is completely filled with gasoline (SG = 0.82) and
accelerated horizontally at 3 𝑚⁄ 2 . Find the total force acting at the rear wall and at the front wall of the tank. Find
𝑠
also the accelerating force on the fluid mass. (Ans.: 𝑭𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒓 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟎𝟓𝑲𝑵; 𝑭𝒇𝒓𝒐𝒏𝒕 =
𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟔𝑲𝑵; 𝑨𝒄𝒄𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑭𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟑𝟗 𝑲𝑵)

3. A closed rectangular tank 4m long, 2m wide, and 2m high is filled with water to a depth of 1.8m. If the allowable
force at the rear wall of the tank is 200KN, how fast can it be accelerated horizontally? (Ans.: 𝒂 =
𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟐 𝒎⁄ 𝟐 horizontal acceleration)
𝒔

4. An open tank 1.82m square weighs 3,245N and contains 0.91m of water. It is acted by an unbalanced force of
10,400N parallel to a pair of sides. What is the force acting in the side with the smallest depth? (Ans.: P = 3,432N)
5. An open trapezoidal tank having a bottom width of 3m is 2m high, 1.5m wide, and has its sides inclined 60° with the
horizontal. It is filled with water to a depth of 1.5m. If the tank is accelerated horizontally along its length at 4.5
𝑚⁄ , how much water is spilled out? (Ans.: 𝑽 𝟑
𝑠2 𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝒎 )

6. A vessel 3m in diameter containing 2.4m of water is being raised. (a) Find the pressure at the bottom of the vessel in
𝑚
kPa when the velocity is constant, and (b) find the pressure at the bottom of the vessel when it is accelerating 0.6 2
𝑠
upwards. (Ans.: (a) P = 23.544 kPa pressure at the bottom; (b) P = 24.984 kPa)
7. A vessel containing oil is accelerated on a plane inclined 15° with the horizontal at 1.2 𝑚⁄ 2 . Determine the
𝑠
inclination of the oil surface when the motion is (a) upwards, and (b) downwards. (Ans.: (a) 𝜽 = 𝟔. 𝟓𝟑𝟑°; (b) 𝜽 =
𝟔. 𝟗𝟓𝟓°)

8. An open tank containing oil (SG = 0.8) is accelerated vertically at 8 𝑚⁄ 2 . Determine the pressure 3m below the
𝑠
surface if the motion is (a) upward with a positive acceleration, (b) upward with a negative acceleration, (c)
downward with a positive acceleration, (d) downward with a negative acceleration. (Ans.: (a) P = 42.74 kPa; (b) P =
4.34 kPa; (c) P = 4.34 kPa; (d) P = 42.74 kPa)
9. A cylindrical water tank used in lifting water to the top of a tower is 1.5m high. If the pressure at the bottom of the
tank must not exceed 16 kPa, what maximum vertical acceleration can be imposed in the cylinder when it is filled
with water? (Ans.: a = 0.857 𝒎⁄ 𝟐 )
𝒔
10. An open cylindrical vessel having a height equal to its diameter is half-filled with water and revolved about its own
vertical axis with a constant angular speed of 120 rpm. Find its minimum diameter so that there can be no liquid
spilled. (Ans.: D = 0.497m)
11. An open cylindrical tank 1.6m in diameter and 2m high is full of water. When rotated about its vertical axis 30rpm,
what would be the slope of the water surface at the rim of the tank? (Ans.: Slope = 0.805)
12. An open cylindrical vessel 1.2m in diameter and 2.1m high is 2⁄3 full of water. Compute the amount of water in
liters that will be spilled out is the vessel is rotated about its vertical axis at a constant angular speed of 90 rpm.
(Ans.: 𝑽𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏𝟑𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒔)
13. An open cylindrical tank, 2m in diameter and 4m high contains water to a depth of 3m. It is rotated about its own
vertical axis with a constant angular speed 𝜔.
(a) If 𝜔 = 3 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠, is there any liquid spilled? (Ans.: no liquid spilled)
(b) What maximum value of 𝜔 (in rpm) can be imposed without spilling any liquid? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟓𝟗. 𝟕𝟖 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
(c) If 𝜔 = 8 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠, how much water is spilled out and to what depth will the water stand when brought to rest?
(Ans.: 𝑽𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 = 𝟏. 𝟗𝟕𝟗 𝒎𝟑 )
(d) What angular speed 𝜔 (in rpm) will just zero the depth of water at the center of the tank? (Ans.: 𝝎 =
𝟖𝟒. 𝟔 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
(e) If 𝜔 = 100 𝑟𝑝𝑚, how much area at the bottom of the tank is uncovered? (Ans.: Area, A = 0.889 𝒎𝟐 )
14. An open vertical cylindrical vessel, 2m in diameter and 4m high is filled with water to the top. If rotated about its
own vertical axis in order to discharge a quantity of water to uncover a circular area at the bottom of the vessel 1m in
diameter, (a) determine the angular speed in rpm, (b) how much water is left in the cylinder after the rotation? (Ans.:
𝝎 = 𝟗𝟕. 𝟔𝟓 𝒓𝒑𝒎; 𝑽𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏𝟔 𝒎𝟑 )
15. A 1.90m diameter closed cylinder, 2.75m high is completely filled with oil having SG = 0.8 under a pressure of
𝑘𝑔⁄
at the top. (a) What angular speed can be imposed on the cylinder so that the maximum pressure at the
𝑐𝑚2
𝑘𝑔
bottom of the tank is 14 ⁄ 2 ? (b) Compute the pressure force exerted by oil on the side of the tank in kg. (Ans.:
𝑐𝑚
(a) 𝝎 = 𝟒𝟔𝟔. 𝟐𝟐 𝒓𝒑𝒎; (b) 𝑭 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖 𝒙 𝟏𝟎𝟔 𝒌𝒈)

16. An open cylindrical tank having a radius of 300mm and a height of 1.2m is full of water. How fast should it be
rotated about its own vertical axis so that 75% of its volume will be spilled out? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟖. 𝟒 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
17. An open cylindrical tank 1m in diameter and 3m high is full of water. At what speed (in rpm) must it be rotated to
discharge 1⁄3 of its content. (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟔𝟒 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
18. An open vessel, 500mm in diameter and filled with water, is rotated about its vertical axis at such velocity that the
water surface 100mm from the axis makes an angle of 40° with the horizontal. Compute the speed of rotation in rpm.
(Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟖𝟔. 𝟔𝟒 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
19. An open cylindrical tank 1.2m in diameter and 1.8m deep is filled with water and rotated about its own axis at 60
rpm. How much liquid is spilled and what is the pressure at the center of its bottom? (Ans.: 𝑽𝒔𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅 =
𝟎. 𝟒𝟎𝟗𝒎𝟑 ; 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝒌𝑷𝒂)
20. A closed cylindrical vessel, 2m in diameter and 4m high is filled with water to a depth of 3m and rotated about its
own vertical axis at a constant angular speed, 𝜔. The air inside the vessel is under the pressure of 120 kPa.
(a) If 𝜔 = 12 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠, what is the pressure at the center and circumference at the bottom of the tank? (Ans.: P =
121.66 kPa at the center; P = 193.67 kPa at the circumference)
(b) What angular speed 𝜔 will just zero the depth of water at the center? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟔 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
(c) If 𝜔 = 20 𝑟𝑎𝑑⁄𝑠, how much area at the bottom is uncovered? (Ans.: Area = 0.48𝒎𝟐 )

21. A closed vertical cylindrical vessel, 1.5m in diameter and 3.6m high is ¾ fill of brine (SG = 1.3) and is revolved
about its vertical axis with a constant angular speed. The vessel is made up of steel 9mm thick with an allowable
tensile stress of 85 MPa and has a small opening at the center of the top cover. (a) If the angular speed of 210 rpm,
what is the maximum the stress in the walls? (b) To what maximum angular speed can the vessel be revolved? (Ans.:
𝑺𝒕 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟗𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒘𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔; 𝝎 = 𝟓𝟕𝟔 𝒓𝒑𝒎)
22. A 1.m diameter closed cylinder 2.7m high is completely filled with glycerin having SG = 1.6 under a pressure of 245
kPa at the top. The steel plates which form the cylinder are 5mm thick with an ultimate tensile stress of 82MPa. How
fast can it be rotated about its vertical axis to the point of bursting? (Ans.: 𝝎 =
𝟏𝟓𝟑. 𝟖 𝒓𝒑𝒎 (𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒎𝒖𝒎 𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅)

23. The 1.5m diameter impeller of a closed centrifugal water pump is rotated at 1500 rpm. If the casing is full of water,
what pressure is developed by rotation? (Ans.: P = 6,940 kPa)

24. A conical vessel with sides inclined 30° with its vertical axis is revolved about another axis 1m from its own and
parallel. How many revolutions per minute must it make in order that water poured into it will be entirely discharged
by the rotative effect? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟑𝟗. 𝟑𝟔 𝒓𝒆𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆)
25. A 75mm diameter pipe, 2m long is just filled with oil (SG = 0.822) and then capped, and placed on a horizontal
position. It is rotated at 27.5 rad/sec about a vertical axis 0.5m from one end (outside the pipe). What is the pressure
in kPa at the far end of the pipe? (Ans.: P = 1,865 kPa)

26. A glass U-tube whose vertical stems are 300mm apart is filled with mercury to a depth of 150mm in the vertical
stems. It is rotated about a vertical axis through the midpoint of the horizontal section. What angular speed will
produce a pressure of absolute zero in the mercury at the axis? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟐𝟔𝟗 𝒓𝒑𝒎)

27. A glass U-tube whose vertical stems are 600mm apart is filled with mercury to a depth of 200mm in the vertical
stems. It is rotated about a vertical axis through its horizontal base 400mm from one stem. How fast should it be
rotated so that the difference in the mercury levels in the stems is 200mm? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟔 𝒓𝒑𝒎)

28. A glass tubing conists of 5 vertical stems which are 500mm apart connected to a single horizontal tube. The tube is
filled with water to a depth of 500mm in the vertical stems. How fast should it be rotated about and axis through the
middle stem to just zero the depth of water in that stem? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟒𝟐. 𝟑 𝒓𝒑𝒎)

29. A 75-mm diameter pipe, 2m long is filled with water and capped at both ends. It is held on a plane inclined 60° with
the horizontal and rotated about a vertical axis through its lower end with a constant angular speed of 5 rad/sec. (a)
Compute the pressure at the upper end of the pipe and (b) determine the minimum pressure and its location in the
pipe. (Ans.: (a) P = 12.497 kPa; (b) P = 11.196 kPa located 1.36m from the lower end along the pipe.)
30. A cylindrical bucket 150mm in diameter and 200mm high contains 150mm of water. A boy swings the bucket on a
vertical plane so that the bottom of the bucket describes a circle of radius 1m. How fast should it be rotated so that no
water will be spilled? (Ans.: 𝝎 = 𝟑𝟏. 𝟏𝟑 𝒓𝒑𝒎)

31. A cubical tank is filled with 2m of oil having SG = 0.8. Find the force acting on one side of the tank when the
acceleration is 5 𝑚⁄ 2 (a) vertically upward, (b) vertically downward. (Ans.: (a) F = 47.392 KN; (b) F = 15.392
𝑠
KN)