ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES A

EXERCISES: Summary Tables and Graphs (LU2)

Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following data:

The hourly number of complaints received at a call centre for the last 22 working hours is as follows:
1 2 1 2 2 1 4 0 5 2 5 0
3 2 0 1 4 5 3 3 5 0

Question 1
Construct a complete frequency table. Use the components listed in the following table.
Value Frequency RF RF% CF CRF CRF%

Question 2
Construct a bar chart using the relative frequency percentage.

Question 3
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a) The variable has 6 possible values
b) Four of the randomly selected hours had no complaints
c) If X = the number of complaints received, then the relative frequency for the observed values 2  x  4
is equal to 0.454
d) Approximately 59% of the sampled hours recorded at most 2 complaints

Questions 4 and 5 are based on the following data:

The time (in minutes) spent at a check-out counter at Spar for a random sample of 30 customers is as follows:
5.1 5.4 5.8 6.0 6.0 6.3 6.4 7.0 7.0 7.3
7.5 7.6 8.1 8.1 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.7 8.7 8.7
8.9 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.7 10.1 10.3 10.7

Question 4
Construct a complete frequency table, where the first class interval is [5, 6). Use the components listed in the
following table.
Class Frequency RF RF% CF CRF CRF% MP

Question 5
Construct a histogram (using RF) and cumulative frequency polygon (using CRF%).

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Question 6
The following frequency table describes the amount of petrol purchased (in litres) by 25 motorists at a
particular petrol station. Calculate the values for the missing cells in this table.
Petrol purchased (in litres) Frequency Relative frequency Cumulative frequency
30  x  35 2
35  x  40 0.24
40  x  45 9
45  x  50

Which one of the following statements is true?

a) Exactly 8 motorists purchased under 50 litres of petrol
b) 17 of the motorists purchased 40 litres or less
c) 32% of motorists purchased less than 40 litres of petrol
d) Only 0.36% of motorists purchased from 40 to just under 45 litres of petrol
e) A total of 8 motorists purchased more than 35 litres of petrol

Question 7
The marks (in percentage) for a statistics test, obtained by 852 students, are summarised as follows:
Interval Frequency Midpoint Relative Frequency Cumulative frequency
0  x  10 5
10  x  20 11 B
20  x  30 0.054
30  x  40
40  x  50
50  x  60 A
60  x  70
70  x  80
80  x  90 C
90  x  100 52

The missing values indicated by A, B (to 3 decimal places) and C are:

a) A = 60 B = 0.192 C = 164
b) A = 55 B = 0.013 C = 800
c) A = 50 B = 0.013 C = 52
d) A = 55 B = 0.011 C = 852
e) A = 55 B = 0.013 C = 57

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Questions 8 to 12 are based on the following:
In a competition to see who could hold their breath the longest, 40 children all took a deep breath and the
times (in seconds) it took for each to breathe again are summarised as follows.
Time (in seconds) recorded in a breath-holding competition
Class intervals Frequency RF CF CRF
[0.5, 5.5) 3
[5.5, 10.5) 7 E
[10.5, 15.5) 11
[15.5, 20.5) 10 A
[20.5, 25.5) 6 C
[25.5, 30.5) 3 B D F

Question 8
Find the missing values A, B, C, D, E and F.

Question 9
Which one of the following statements is incorrect?
a) 3 children could only hold their breath 5.5 seconds
b) 11 children could hold their breath between 10.5 and 15.5 seconds
c) A quarter of the children could hold their breath for less than 10.5 seconds
d) The midpoint for the last class interval is 28

Question 10
Describe the distribution in terms of symmetry.
a) Approximately symmetric
b) Positively skewed
c) Negatively skewed

Question 11
Select all the appropriate graphical methods that can be used to represent the data in the table.
a) Bar chart
b) Histogram
c) Ogive

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Question 12
Consider the following two graphs and identify everything that is incorrect in its representation of the data.

Graph A

Graph B

Question 13
A survey of randomly selected homes recorded the number of cars registered to each household. The
following bar graphs represent the frequency distribution of the number of cars per household.
50 46
45
40
35 31
28
Frequency

30
25
20
15
15
10 8

5
0
0 1 2 3 4
Number of cars per household

Which one of the following statements is false?

a) A total of 128 households were surveyed
b) The households have at most 4 cars
c) Approximately 22% of households have no car
d) 77% of the households have 1 or 2 cars

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Question 14
Consider the following graph for a continuous random variable X, where the first class interval is (0, 1].
Determine the shape of the distribution of X in terms of its symmetry. Hint: use frequencies.

a) Approximately symmetric
b) Positively skewed
c) Negatively skewed

Question 15
A researcher is interested in evaluating the weight distribution of a product that was recently introduced in
the market. The following table summarises the weights (in grams) for a random sample of 30 items of the
product.
Product weight Frequency
[63, 66) 2
[66, 69) 5
[69, 72) 9
[72, 75) 6
[75, 78) 5
[78, 81) 2
[81, 84) 1

Which one of the following graphs is correct in its representation of the product weight distribution given in
the table?

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 Graph A

81 63
78

66
75

72 69

Graph B
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
64.5 67.5 70.5 73.5 76.5 79.5 82.5

Graph C
35

30

25

20

15

10

0
61.5 64.5 67.5 70.5 73.5 76.5 79.5 82.5

a) Graph A is correct
b) Graph B is correct
c) Graph C is correct
d) None of the graphs are correct

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Question 16
A toy manufacturer tested a sample of 20 boxes, each containing 5 toys, to determine how many in each box
were defective. The data are summarised in the following bar graph.

Consider the following statements and choose the correct alternative from a) to e) below.
I 35% of the sampled boxes contain more than two defective toys
II 43 of all the toys sampled were found to be defective
III The number of defectives is a numerical random variable

a) Only statement I is true

b) Only statement III is true
c) Only statements I and III are true
d) Only statements II and III are true
e) All three statements are true

Question 17
A sample of students who have taken a statistics test has a mean score of 78.2, a median of 67, and a
mode score of 60. Based on this information, the distribution of test scores is:
a) Symmetric
b) Right skewed
c) Left skewed

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Question 18
Consider the following ogive on the daily activity of a sample of 200 students on Twitter. The first class interval
is (0, 10].

How many students sent more than 30 tweets per day?

a) 21
b) 34
c) 148
d) 166
e) 177

Question 19
The time taken to process documentation at a service counter at the bank for customers who were opening
a banking account for the first time was recorded. The first class interval is (0, 5].

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false.

a) Two customers took longer than 20 minutes for their documentation to be processed
b) It took longer than 15 minutes for twelve customers to be served
c) Twenty customers had their documentation processed within 16 minutes

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Question 20
A commercial property insurance company wishes to expand its products into Africa. As part of its
assessment of major risk factors that can cause property damage, the company evaluates the risks of natural
disasters throughout Africa. Although Africa is less prone to earthquakes than other areas in the world, the
company collects data from the National Geophysical Data Centre on earthquake prevalence and magnitude
in Africa from 1960 to 2012. The data for 40 earthquakes are summarised in the following histogram, where
the first class interval is [2.5, 3.5).

Which one of the following statements is true?

a) The distribution of this data is positively skewed
b) At least 40 earthquakes were recorded in this dataset
c) A total of 22 earthquakes registers 5.5 or more on the scale
d) All the above statements are false

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SOLUTIONS

Question 1
Value Frequency RF RF% CF CRF CRF%
0 4 0.182 18.2 4 0.182 18.2
1 4 0.182 18.2 8 0.364 36.4
2 5 0.227 22.7 13 0.591 59.1
3 3 0.136 13.6 16 0.727 72.7
4 2 0.091 9.1 18 0.818 81.8
5 4 0.182 18.2 22 1 100
Total 22 1 100

Question 2

Question 3
C

Question 4

Class Frequency RF RF% CF CRF CRF% MP

[5, 6) 3 0.1 10 3 0.1 10 5.5

[6, 7) 4 0.13 13 7 0.23 23 6.5
[7, 8) 5 0.17 17 12 0.4 40 7.5
[8, 9) 9 0.3 30 21 0.7 70 8.5
[9, 10) 6 0.2 20 27 0.9 90 9.5
[10, 11) 3 0.1 10 30 1 100 10.5
Total 30 1 100

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Question 5

Question 6
C
Petrol purchased (in litres) Frequency Relative frequency Cumulative frequency
30  x  35 2 0.08 2
35  x  40 6 0.24 8
40  x  45 9 0.36 17
45  x  50 8 0.32 25
Total 25 1

Question 7
B

Question 8
A = 0.25
B = 0.075
C = 37
D = 40
E = 0.25
F=1

Question 9
A

Question 10
A

Question 11
B, C

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Question 12
Graph A
• The bar chart is not an appropriate graph to use for the continuous data, represented in the grouped
frequency table

Graph B
• The ogive is constructed by plotting the upper limits of the class intervals on the x-axis against the
required component on the y-axis, not the lower limits of the class intervals
• The label on the y-axis (CRF%) does not correspond with the y-values (CF)

Question 13
D

Question 14
B

Question 15
D

Question 16
E

Question 17
B

Question 18
B

Question 19
a) True b) False c) False

Question 20
C

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