Solution

11TH MATHEMATICS REVISION 2

Class 11 - Mathematics

1.
−1
(b) ( 4
+
1

4
i)

Explanation: 1

3
= 3
1
= 1

1+i−3i−3
(1−i) 1− i −3i(1−i)

(−2+2i) (−2+2i) (−2+2i)

= 1
× = 2
= 8
=( −1

4
+
1

4
i)
(−2−2i) (−2+2i) 4−4i

2. (a) (x + y)(x + yω )(x + yω ) 2

Explanation: We have x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2)

Now consider x2 - yx + y2 = 0 which is a quadratic equation in x with a = 1, b = -y and c = y2
Hence the roots are
2 2
−(−y)± √(−y ) −4⋅1⋅ y 2 y± √−3y
y±iy √3 y(1±i√3)
x= 2⋅1
= 2
= 2
= 2

⇒ x = yω or yω 2

Hence, x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2) = (x + y)(x + yω )(x + yω ) 2

3.
(c) 1

√2

2 2
2 ( 1 +( √3) )

Explanation: |z|2 =
|1−i√3| (1+3)

2
= = = 4
= 1

|(2−2i)| ∣22 + 22 ∣ (4+4) 8 2

∣ ∣

⇒ |z| = 1

√2

4.
−2
(c) ( 29
−
5

29
i)

Explanation: z = (-2 + 5i) ⇒ z-1 =

(−2−5i) (−2−5i) (−2−5i) (−2−5i)
1

z
= 1
× = 2
= = 29
(−2+5i) (−2−5i) (4−25i ) (4+25)

z-1 = (
−2 5
⇒ − i)
29 29

5.
(c) -i
Explanation: -i
2
1+2i+3i
Let z = 2
1−2i+3i
1+2i−3
⇒ z=
1−2i−3
−2+2i −2+2i
⇒ z= ×
−2−2i −2+2i
2
(−2+2i)
⇒ z=
2 2
(−2) −(2i)

2
4+4i −8i
⇒ z=
4+4

4−4−8i
⇒ z=
8
−8i
⇒ z=
8

⇒ z = -i
2
2
(a +1)

6. (a) 2
4a +1
4
2
(a +1)

Explanation: 2
4a +1
2
(a +1)
x + iy = 2a−i

Taking modulus on both the sides, we get:

2
2
−−−−−− (a +1)
√x2 + y 2 =
√4a2 +1

2 2

x2 + y2 =
(a +1)

2
4a +1

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 7. (a) 1
Explanation: 1, ω, ω are the three cube roots of unity and we have 1 + ω + ω
2 2
= 0, ω
3
= 1
2
ω+ω −1
1

1+ω
+
1

2
=
1

2
+
−ω
1
= −1 (
1

2
+
1

ω
) = −1 (
2
) = −1 ( 3
) =
1

3
= 1 [∵ ω + ω 2 3
= −1, ω = 1 ]
1+ω −ω ω ω ⋅ω ω ω

8. (a) 10
Explanation: z = (3i - 1)2 = (9i2 + 1 - 6i) = (-9 + 1 - 6i) = (-8 - 6i)
⇒ |z|2 = {(-8)2 + (-6)2} = (64 + 36) = 100
−−−
⇒ |z| = √100 = 10

9.
(c) the line x + y = 0
Explanation: Let z=x+iy
z−3i
Now ∣∣ z+3
∣ = 1
∣

⇒ |z − 3i| = |z + 3|

⇒ |(x + iy) − 3i| = |x + iy + 3|

⇒ |x + i(y − 3)| = |(x + 3) + iy|

−−−−−−−−− − −−−−−−−−−−−−
2 2 2 2
⇒ √(y − 3) + x = √(x + 3) + (y )

2 2 2 2
⇒ (y − 3) + x = (x + 3) + (y )

2 2 2 2
⇒ y − 6y + 9 + x = x + 6x + 9 + y

⇒ 6x + 6y = 0

⇒ x + y = 0

10.
(d) 4
2
1+i 1+i 1+i (1+i) 1−1+2i
Explanation: 1−i
= 1−i
⋅
1+i
= 1+1
=
1+1
=
2i

2
=i
n

∴ (
1+i

1−i
) = in

We have i4 = 1 which is positive.

Hence the least value of n is 4.
11.
(b) 1

2
(1 + i)
Explanation: 1

2
(1 + i)
5 6 2 8 9
i +i +i +i +i

1+i

[As, i5 = i, i6 = -1, i7 = -i, i8 = 1, i9 = i

i−1−i+1+i
=
1+i
i
=
i+1

i i−1
= ×
i+1 i−1

i(i−1)
=
2
i −1
2
i −i
=
−2

=
1

2
(1 + i)
12.
(d) −1, 1 − 2ω, 1 − 2ω 2

Explanation: (x - 1)3 + 8 = 0
⇒ (x - 1)3 = -8
⇒ (x - 1)3 = (-2)3
3
x−1
⇒ (
−2
) =1
x−1
Let −2
= m (say)

So we get m3 = 1 ⇒ m = 1, ω, ω 2
[cube roots of unity]
x−1
Now m = 1 ⇒ −2
= 1 ⇒ x - 1 = -2 ⇒ x = -1
x−1
m=ω ⇒
−2
= ω ⇒ x - 1 = -2ω ⇒ x = 1 - 2ω

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 x−1
Also m = ω 2
⇒
−2
= ω
2
⇒ x -1 = −2ω 2
⇒ x = 1 - 2ω
2

Hence the roots of the given equation are −1, 1 − 2ω, 1 − 2ω 2

13.
(c) a2 + b2
Explanation: a2 + b2
(1 + i) (1 + 2i) (1 + 3i) ... (1 + ni) = a + ib
Taking modulus on both the sides, we get:
[(1 + i)(1 + 2i)(1 + 3i) ... (1 + ni)| = |a + ib|

|(1 + i)(1 + 2i)(1 + 3i) ... (1 + ni)| can be written as

|(1 + i)||(1 + 2i)| |(1 + 3i)| ... |(1 + ni)|

−− −−−− −− −−−− −− −−−− −−−− − −−−−−−
2 2 2 2 2
√1 + 1 × √1 + 2 × √1 + 3 ×
2 2 2
× √1 + n = √a + b
2
...
– – −− − −−−− −−−−−−
⇒ √2 × √5 × √10 × ... 2 2
× √1 + n = √a + b
2

Squaring on both the sides, we get:

2 × 5 × 10× ... × (1 + n2) = a2 + b2
14.
(d) 53

85

Explanation: 53

85
3+5i
x + iy = 7−6i

3+5i 7+6i
⇒ x + iy = 7−6i
×
7+6i
2
21+53i+30i
⇒ x + iy = 2
49−36i
21−30+53i
⇒ x + iy = 49−36i

⇒ x + iy = −9

85
+ i
53

85

On comparing both the sides:

53
y =
85

15.
(c) π
Explanation: π
Given:
3+2i sin θ

1−2i sin θ
is a real number
On rationalising, we get,
3 + 2i sin θ 1 + 2i sin θ
×
1 − 2i sin θ 1 + 2i sin θ
(3+2i sin θ)(1+2i sin θ)
=
2 2
(1) −(2i sin θ )

2 2
3+2i sin θ+6i sin θ+4i sin θ
=
2
1+4 sin θ

[∵ i2 = -1]
2
3−4 sin θ+8i sin θ
=
2
1+4 sin θ
2
3 − 4 sin θ 8 sin θ
=
2
+ i
2
For the above term to be real, the imaginary part has to be zero.
1 + 4 sin θ 1 + 4 sin θ
8 sin θ
∴ = 0
2
1+4 sin θ

⇒ 8 sin θ = 0
For this to be zero,
sin θ = 0
⇒ θ = 0,

π, 2π, 3π ...
But
0 < θ < 2π

Hence,
θ= π

16. (a) 1

13

Explanation: 13
1

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 Let z = 1

2
(2+3i)

1
⇒ z=
2
4+9i +12i

1
⇒ z=
−5+12i

1 −5−12i
⇒ z= ×
−5+12i −5−12i
−5−12i
⇒ z=
25+144
−5 12i
⇒ z= −
169 169
−−−−−−−−−
25 144
⇒ |z| = √ +
2 2
169 169

1
⇒ |z| =
√169

1
⇒ |z| =
13

17.
(c) 1
Explanation: Given α = z

z
|z| z1 | z1 |
Then |α| = ∣∣ z
∣ =
∣ = 1 [∵ ∣∣ z2
∣ =
∣ , |z| = |z̄ | ]
z̄ | z̄ | | z2 |

18.
(c) 100
Explanation: 100
∴ x + iy = (1 + i) (1 + 2i) (1 + 3i), then x2 + y2 =
Taking modulus on both the sides :
|x + iy| = |(1 + i) (1 + 2i)(1 + 3i)|

⇒ |x + iy| = |1 + i| ×|1 + 2i| × |1 + 3i|

−−− −− − − − −−−− −− −−−− −− −−−−
2 2
2 2
⇒ √x + y = √1 + 1 √12 + 22 √12 + 32
−−−−−− – – −−
2 2
⇒ √x + y = √2√5√10
−−−−−− −−−
2 2
⇒ √x + y = √100

Squaring both the sides

⇒ x2 + y2 = 100
19.
(b) i
= (-i)4n+3 = {(-i)4)n (-1)3 = 1× (-i) × (-i) × (-i) = i2 × (- i) = -1× (-i) = i
−
−−
Explanation: (−√−1) 4n+3

20.
3
(d) 2
- 2i
Explanation: Let z = x + iy
Now
|z| = z + 1 + 2i
−−− −− −
⇒ x + 1 + i(y + 2)
2 2
⇒ √x + y
−−−−−−
2
⇒ √x + y
2
= x + 1 and y + 2 = 0
⇒ y = -2 and x2 + 4 = (x + 1)2
⇒ y = -2 and x =
3

Hence z = 3

2
- 2i

21.
(d) 1
Explanation: 1
1+i
Let z = 1−i
1+i 1+i
z= ×
1−i 1+i
2
1+ i +2i
⇒ z=
2
1−i

2i
⇒ z=
2

⇒ z=i
⇒ z4 = i4
Since i2 = -1, we have:

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 4 2 2
⇒ z = i × i

⇒ z4 = 1
22.
(c) 8
Explanation: 8
Let z = ( 1+i
2i
)

2i 1−i
⇒ z= ×
1+i 1−i

2i(1−i)
⇒ z=
2
1−i

[∵ i2 = -1]
2i(1−i)
⇒ z=
1+1

2i(1−i)
⇒ z=
2

⇒ z = i - i2
⇒ z=i+1
Now, zn = (1 + i)n
For n = 2,
z2 = (1 + n)2
= 1 + i2 + 2i
= 1 - i + 2i
= 2i ... (i)
since this is not a positive integer
For n = 4
z4 = (1 + i)4
= [(1 + i)2]4
= (2i)2 [Using (i)]
= 4i2
= -4 ... (ii)
This is a negative integer.
For n = 8,
z8 = (1 + i)8
= [(1 + i)4]2
= (-4)2 Using (ii)]
= 16
This is a positive integer.
n

Thus, z = ( 2i

1+i
) is positive for n = 8.
n

Therefore, 8 is the least positive integer such that ( 2i

1+i
) is a positive integer

23.
(c) z is purely real
Explanation: Let z = x + iy
Now z = z̄ ⇒ x + iy = x - iy ⇒ 2iy = 0 ⇒ y = 0
Which means z is purely real.
24.
(d) nπ
1−i sin α
Explanation: z = 1+2i sin α

(1−i sin α)(1−2i sin α) 2 2

= = 1−i sin α−2i sin α+2i

2 2
sin α

(1+2i sin α)(1−2i sin α) 1−4i sin α

2 2
1−3i sin α−2 sin α 1−2 sin α
= 2
= 2
−
3i sin α

2
1+4 sin α 1+4 sin α 1+4 sin α

It is given that z is a purely real.

−3 sin α
⇒
2
= 0 ⇒ -3 sin α = 0 ⇒ sin α = 0
1+4 sin α

⇒ α = nπ , n ∈ I

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25.
(c) α
−1± √1−4 −1±i√3
Explanation: α 2
+ α + 1 = 0 ⇒ α =
2
=
2
= ω, ω
2

10
When α = ω ⇒ α 31
= ω
31
= (ω 3
) ⋅ ω = 1 ⋅ ω = ω = α
31 20
Also when α = ω 2
⇒ α
31 2
= (ω ) =ω62 3
= (ω ) ⋅ ω
2 2
= 1. ω = ω
2
= α

Hence α 31
=α
26.
(c) 240
Explanation: We have, 6 objects {B}, {H}, {A}, {R}, {A}, {T} and there are 2 A's.
So, the number of words that can be formed out of the letters of the word ‘BHARAT’ is
6!
=
2!

= 360
The number of words that can be formed out of the letters of the word ‘BHARAT’ is in which {B} and {H} come together is =
5!
= 120
[considering {BH} as a single object]
Hence, the number of words from the letters of the word ‘BHARAT’ in which B and H will never come together, is = (360
- 120)
= 240
27.
(c) 69760
Explanation: The number of 5 letters words (with the condition that a letter can be repeated) = 105.
Again we have the number of words using 5 different letters is 10P5.
Thus, required number of letters
= Total number of words - Total number of words in which no letter is repeated
= 105 - 10P5 = 100000 − 30240
= 69760

28. (a) r! n-3Cr-3

Explanation: Primarily, excluding the 3 things which are to be included, we have to select (r - 3) things from (n - 3), this can
be done in n - 3Cr- 3 ways.
Now, the 3 particular things can be selected from 3 remaining things only in 1 way.
And the selected r things can be arranged in r! ways.
So, the number of permutations of n different things taking r at a time when 3 particular things are to be included is = r! n-3Cr-3

29.
(b) 5 !
Explanation: No. of ways in which girls can be seated on the circular table = (6-1)! = 5!
30.
(b) 144
Explanation: Total number of letters in the 'ARTICLE' is 7 out which A, E, I are vowels and R, T, C, L are consonants
Given that vowels occupy even place
∴ possible arrangement can be shown as below
C, V, C, V, C, V, C i.e.on 2nd, 4th and 6th places
Thus, number of arrangement = 3P3 = 3! = 6 ways
Now consonants can be placed at 1, 3, 5 and 7th place
∴ Number of arrangement = 4P4 = 4! = 24
Thereforethe total number of arrangements = 6 × 24 = 144
31. (a) 720
Explanation: Thousands place can be filled by any of the 6 nonzero digits.

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 So, there are 6 ways to fill this place.
Hundreds place can be filled by any of the remaining 6 digits.
So, there are 6 ways to fill this place.
Tens place can be filled by any of the remaining 5 digits.
So, there are 5 ways to fill this place.
Units place can be filled by any of the remaining 4 digits.
So, there are 4 ways to fill this place.
Required number of numbers = (6 × 6 × 5 × 4) = 720
32.
(b) 14
Explanation: We have heptagon is a seven-sided polygon which has 7 vertices.
A diagonal is obtained by joining two points.
Thus the number of diagonals obtained by joining any two points out of 7 is given by
7C - 7= 7!
= 1×2×3×4×5×6×7
= 6×7
= 21 - 7 = 14
2 2!(7−2)!
− 7
1×2×1×2×3×4×5
− 7
1×2
− 7

33.
(b) 200
Explanation: Number of ways of selecting 3 men out of 6 and 2 ladies out of 5 = ( 6 5
C3 × C2 )

= (
6×5×4

3×2×1
×
5×4

2×1
) = 200.

34. (a) 2000

Explanation: Required number of ways = ( 6
C3 ×
5
C3 ×
5
C3 )

6
= ( C3 ×
5
C2 ×
5
C2 ) = (
6×5×4

3×2×1
×
5×4

2×1
×
5×4

2×1
) = 2000

35. (a) 3
Explanation: 3r + r + 3 = 15 [∵ n
Cx =
n
Cy ⇒ n = x + y or x = y]
⇒ 4r + 3 = 15
⇒ 4r = 12
⇒ r = 3.

36. (a) 31
Explanation: The candidate can fail by failing in 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 subjects out of 5 in each case.
∴ required number of ways = 5C1 + 5C2 + 5C3 + 5C4 + 5C5

= 5C1 + 5C2 + 5C(5-3) +5C(5-4) + 1

= 5C1 + 5C2 + 5C2 + 5C1 + 1

= 2(5C1 + 5C2) + 1

= 2 (5 + 5×4

2×1
) + 1 = (30 + 1) = 31.

37. (a) 3168

Explanation: First we will find the number of four-digit numbers (i.e, numbers from 1000 to 9999) which can be formed using
the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 with repetition allowed.
Now we have the first place can be filled by any of the 9 digits other than 0 and since repetition is allowed second, third and
fourth can be filled by any of the ten digits.
Hence the total number of four-digit numbers = 9 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 9000
Now we will consider the case that the number does not have the digit '7'
Now the first place can be filled by any of the 8 digits other than 0 and 7 since repetition is allowed second, third and fourth
can be filled by any of the 9 digits other than 7.
Hence the total number of ways we can form a four-digit number without 7 = 8 × 9 × 9 × 9 = 5832
Hence total number of ways in which we can form a four digit number having atleast one digit as 7 = 9000 - 5832 = 3168
38.
(c) 64
Explanation: We have, a coin has Head and Tail (H, T)

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 ∴ When a coin is tossed 6 times, then the
Possible outcome = 26 = 64
39. (a) 264
Explanation: Among 14 players, 5 bowlers.
A team of 11 players has to be selected such that at least 4 bowlers are included in the team.
∴ Required number of ways =
5 9 5 9
C × C + C × 4 C 7 5 6

= 180 + 84
= 264.
40.
(c) 9
Explanation: n−1
P3 :
n
P4 = 1 : 9

(n−1)!
n!
⇒ : = 1 : 9
(n−1−3)! (n−4)!

(n−1)! (n−4)!
1
⇒ × =
(n−4)! n! 9

(n−1)! 1
⇒ =
n! 9

(n−1)!
1
⇒ =
n(n−1)! 9

1 1
⇒ =
n 9

⇒ n= 9

41.
(c) 72
Explanation: In the following figure:

there are 4 bus routes from A to B and 3 routes from B to C. Thus, there are 4 × 3 = 12 ways to go from A to C. It is round trip
thus, the man will travel back from C to A via B. It is restricted that man can not use same bus routes from C to B and B to A
more than once. Therefore, there are 2 × 3 = 6 routes for return journey. Thus, the required number of ways = 12 × 6 = 72
42. (a) 64
Explanation: Number of straight lines joining 12 points if we take 2 points at a time = 12
C2

= 12!
= 66
2!10!

Number of straight lines joining 3 points if we take 2 points at a time = 3

C2 =3
But, 3 collinear points, when joined in pairs, give only one line.
∴ Required number of straight lines = 66 - 3 + 1 = 64.

43.
(c) 1956
Explanation: Number of signals which can be given using 1 flag = 6P1 = 6

Number of signals which can be given using 2 flag = 6P2 = 30

Number of signals which can be given using 3 flag = 6P3 = 120

Number of signals which can be given using 4 flag = 6P4 = 360

Number of signals which can be given using 5 flag = 6P5 = 720

Number of signals which can be given using 6 flag = 6P6 = 720

As, the operations are independent, so, the total number of different signals which can be given from 6 flags of different
colours taking one or more at a time, is
= 6 + 30 + 120 + 360 + 720 + 720
= 1956
44.
(d) 116
Explanation: Number of triangles obtained from 10 points = 10
C3 =
10×9×8

3×2×1
= 120

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 Number of triangles obtained from 4 points = 4C3 = 4C1 = 4.
But, these 4 points being collinear will give no triangle,
∴ Required number of triangles = (120 - 4) = 116.

45.
(c) 5
Explanation: n+1
C3 = 2 ×
n
C2
(n+1)!
⇒ =2× n!

3!(n−2)! 2!(n−2)!

(n+1)n!
⇒
3×2!(n−2)!
=2× n!

2!(n−2)!

⇒ n+1=6
⇒ n = 5.
46.
(c) 20
Explanation: Let us arrange the white balls (shown by W) and leave a space in between every pair as shown below.
XWXWXWXWXWX
Now, 3 black balls may be arranged in 6 places in 6C3 ways = 6×5×4

3×2×1
= 20 .

47.
(c) 324
Explanation: When arranged alphabetically, the letters of the word KRISNA are A, I, K, N, R and S.
Number of words that will be formed with A as the first letter = Number of arrangements of the remaining 5 letters = 5!
Number of words that will be formed with I as the first letter = Number of arrangements of the remaining 5 letters = 5!
∴ The number of words beginning with KA = Number of arrangements of the remaining 4 letters = 4!

The number of words starting with KI = Number of arrangements of the remaining 4 letters = 4!
Alphabetically, the next letter will be KR. Number of words starting with KR followed by A, i.e. KRA = Number of
arrangements of the remaining 3 letters = 3!
Number of words starting with KRI followed by A, i.e. KRIA = Number of arrangements of the remaining 2 letter = 2!
Number of words starting with KRI followed by N, i.e. KRIN = Number of arrangements of the remaining 2 letter = 2!
The first word beginning with KRIS is the word KRISAN and the next word is KRISNA.
∴ Rank of the word KRISNA = 5! + 5! + 4! + 4! + 3! + 2! + 2! + 2 = 324

48.
(c) 63
Explanation: There are three multiple choice question, each has four possible answers. Thus, the total number of possible
answers will be 4 × 4 × 4 = 64. Out of these possible answer only one will be correct and therefore, the number of ways in
which a student can fail to get correct answer is 64 - 1 = 63.
49. (a) 112
Explanation: Clearly, thousands digit is 6
Number of numbers with units digit 0 = (1 × 8 × 7 × 1) = 56
Number of numbers with units digit 5 = (1 × 8 × 7 × 1) = 56
Required number of numbers = (56 + 56) = 112
50.
(c) 8 × 9!
Explanation: The number of ways in which 10 books may be arranged = 10 !
Number of ways in which 10 books may be arranged with two particular books together = (2 × 9!)
Required number of ways in which 2 particular books are never together
= (10!) − (2 × 9!) = (10 × 9!) − (2 × 9!) = (8 × 9!)

51. (a) 1
Explanation: Given, lim sin x

x→0 √x+1− √1−x

sin x[ √x+1+ √1−x]

= lim
x→0 ( √x+1− √1−x)( √x+1+ √1−x)

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 sin x[ √x+1+ √1−x]
= lim
x+1−1+x
x→0

sin x[ √x+1+ √1−x] 1 sin x −−−−− −−−−−

= lim = ⋅ lim [√x + 1 + √1 − x]
2x 2 x
x→0 x→0

Taking limits, we get

1 −−−− −−−− 1
= × 1 × [√0 + 1 + √1 − 0] = × 1 × 2 = 1
2 2

52. (a) 100

2 3 n
x+ x + x …x −n
Explanation: lim x−1
= 5050
x→1
2 3 n
(x−1) (x −1) (x −1)
x −1
⇒ lim
x−1
+
x−1
+
x−1
…
x−1
= 5050
x→1

n n

= nan-1]
x −a
⇒ 1 + 2 + 3 ... n = 5050 [∵ x−a

n(n+1)
⇒
2
= 5050
⇒ n (n + 1) = 10100
⇒ n(n + 1) = 100 × 101

On comparing:
n = 100
53.
(b) π

180
0

Explanation: lim sin x

x
x→0
π
sin x
180
= lim
x
x→0

π
sin( x)
180 π
= lim ×
π 180
x→0 ( x)
180

π π
= × 1 =
180 180

54. (a) 1

8√3

√1+ √2+x− √3 √1+ √2+x− √3 √1+ √2+x+ √3

Explanation: ∵ lim x−2

= lim
x−2
×
x→2 x→2 √1+ √2+x+ √3

√2+x−2
= lim
x→2
(x−2)( √1+ √2+x+ √3)

√2+x−2 √2+x+2
= lim ×
x→2 √2+x+2
(x−2)( √1+ √2+x+ √3)

(x−2)
= lim
x→2
(x−2)( √1+ √2+x+ √3)( √2+x+2)

1
= lim
x→2
( √1+ √2+x+ √3)( √2+x+2)

1
=
( √1+ √2+2+ √3)( √2+2+2)

1
=
2√3×4

1
=
8√3

55.
−4x
(c) 2
2
(x −1)

1
1+
2 2
x +1
Explanation: Given y = x

1
⇒ y =
x2 −1
1−
2
x
2 2
dy (x −1)⋅2x−(x +1)⋅2x
∴ =
dx 2 2
(x −1)

2 2
2x(x −1− x −1) 2x(−2) −4x
= = =
2 2 2
(x2 −1) (x2 −1) (x2 −1)

56.
(d) 2
Explanation: Let x − π

4
=t
π
tan( +t)−1
4
⇒ lim
t
t→0

10 / 14
 2 tan t
⇒ lim
t→0 (1−tan t)(t)

=2
1
57. (a) 2
1 c os x
−
cosecx−cot x
Explanation: Given, lim
sin x sin x
= lim
x x
x→0 x→0
2 x
2 sin
1−cos x
[∵ sin 2x = 2 sin x cos x]
2
= lim = x x
x sin x
x→0 x⋅2 sin cos
2 2
x x x
sin tan tan
2 2 2
= lim x = lim = lim x
x
x→0 x cos x→0 x→0 2×
2 2

1 1 tan x
= × 1 = [∵ lim = 1]
2 2 x
x→0

58. (a) 1
tan x x
Explanation: lim ⋅
x
x→0 log(1+x)

tan x 1
⇒ lim ⋅
x log(1+x )
x→0
x

⇒ 1⋅ 1 = 1
59.
(b) 1

√x2 −1
Explanation: lim
2x+1
x→∞

1
√1−
2
x

= lim
1
x→∞ 2+
x

Dividing the numerator and the denominator by x, we get;

√1−0
= 2+0

= 1

60. (a) 1

2
1
Explanation: Substitute x = t

√t2 +t+1−1

⇒ lim
t
t→0

Using L' Hospital

2t+1

2√t2 +t+1

lim
1
t→0

= 1

61.
(c) 5050
Explanation: Given, f(x) = x100 + x99 ... + x + 1
∴ f'(x) = 100x99 + 99x98 ... + x + 1
So, f'(1) = 100 + 99 + 98 + ... + 1
100
= 2
[2 × 100 + (100 - 1)(-1)]
= 50[200 - 99] = 50 × 101
= 5050
62.
(b) 1
(n+2)!+(n+1)!
Explanation: lim
n→∞ (n+2)!−(n+1)!

Dividing Nr & Dr by (n+1)!

(n+2)(n+1)!
+1
(n+1)!
= lim
(n+2)(n+1)!
n→∞
−1
(n+1)!

n+2+1
= lim
n+2−1
n→∞

n+3
= lim
n→∞ n+1

11 / 14
 3
1+
n
= lim
1
n→∞ 1+
n

=1
63.
−1
(d) 10
( √x−1)(2x−3)

Explanation: Given, lim 2

x→1 2x +3x−2x−3

( √x−1)(2x−3) ( √x−1)(2x−3)
= lim = lim
x→1 x(2x+3)−1(2x+3) x→1 (x−1)(2x+3)

( √x−1)( √x+1)(2x−3) (x−1)(2x−3)

= lim = lim
x→1 (x−1)( √x+1)(2x+3) x→1 (x−1)( √x+1)(2x+3)

2x−3
= lim
x→1 ( √x+1)(2x+3)

Taking limit we have

2(1)−3 −1 −1
= =
2×5
=
10
( √1+1)(2×1+3)

64.
(b) 0
π
1−sin( −y)
1−sin x π
Explanation: lim
π cos x
= lim π
2
taking
2
− x = y
y→0 cos( −y)
x→ 2
2
y
2
2 sin
1−cos y 2
= lim = lim y y
sin y
y→0 y→0 2 sin cos
2 2
y
= lim tan = 0
2
y→0

65.
(b) Does not exist
| sin x|
Explanation: Given, lim x
x→0

− sin x
LHL = lim
x
= −1 [∵ lim
sin x

x
= 1]
− x→0
x→0

sin x
RHL = lim
+ x
= 1
x→0

LHL ≠ RHL, So the limit does not exist.

66.
(d) 2
Explanation: lim sin 2x

x
x→0

sin 2x
= lim 2 ( )
2x
x→0

= 2 × 1

=2
67. (a) m

n
m m
x −(1)

m
x −1
Explanation: Given lim
x −1

n
= lim n n
x −1 x −(1)
x→1 x→1
x −1
m−1

nan-1]
m(1) n n
x −a
= n−1
=
m

n
[∵ lim x−a
=
n(1) x→a

68.
(b) -1
sin x sin(π−x)
Explanation: Given, lim
x−π
= lim
−(π−x)
x→π x→π

sin x
= −1 [∵ lim = 1 and π − x → 0 ⇒ x → π]
x
x→0

69. (a) 0
1−cos 2x
Explanation: lim x
x→0
2
2 sin x
= lim
x
x→0
2
sin x
= lim 2x ×
2
x→0 x

=0

12 / 14
70. (a) 1

Explanation: We have
x x
2 sin cos
sin x 2 2
lim = lim x
x→0 x(1+cos x) x→0 x 2 cos 2
2
x
tan
1 2 1
= lim x =
2 2
x→0
2

71.
(d) 1

2
1−sin θ
Explanation: lim
π π
θ→ ( −θ) cos θ
2 2

1−cos h
= lim
π π
h→0 ( −( −h)) sin h
2 2

2 h
2 sin
2
= lim
h sin h
h→0

2 h
2 sin
2
= lim
h→0 4h2

sin h

2
=
4
1
=
2

72. (a) x2 - 10x + 21 = 0

2
x − 1, 0 < x < 2
Explanation: Given f (x) = {
2x + 3, 2 ≤ x < 3
2
∴ lim f (x) = lim (x − 1)
− −
x→2 x→2

2 2
lim [(2 − h) − 1] = lim (4 + h − 4h − 1)
h→0 h→0

2
= lim (h − 4h + 3) = 3
h→0

and lim f (x) = lim (2x + 3) = lim [2(2 + h) + 3] = 7

+ + h→0
x→2 x→2

Therefore, the quadratic equation whose roots are 3 and 7 is x2 - (3 + 7)x + 3 × 7 = 0 i.e., x2 - 10x + 21 = 0
73.
(b) 1
Explanation: We know that,
x, if x ≥ 0
|x| = {
−x, if x < 0
x

|x|
, if x ≥ 0 1, if x ≥ 0
x
∴ = { = {
x −x
, if x < 0 −1, if x < 0
x

Now, for all x ≥ 0 (however, x may large be).

|x|
= 1
x
|x|
∴ lim = 1
x
x→∞

74. (a) 1
Explanation: f′ (x) = x cosx + sinx
π π π π
So, f ′
(
2
)=
2
cos
2
+ sin
2
= 1

75.
(c) y
2 3

Explanation: y = 1 + x

1!
+
x

2!
+
x

3!
+ ...
dy 2 2

Differentiating both sides with respect to x, we get dx

=
d

dx
(1 +
x

1!
+
x

2!
+
x

3!
+ …)

2 3 4

= d

dx
(1) +
dw
d
(
x

11
)+
dw
d
(
x

2!
) +
dw
d
(
x

3!
) +
d

dx
(
x

4!
) + ...
= d

dx
(1) +
1

1! dx
d
(x) +
1

2! dw
d 2
(x ) +
1

3! dw
d 3
(x ) +
1

4! dw
d
(x )
4
+ ...
dy
=0+ 1

1!
× 1+ 1

2!
× 2α +
1

3!
× 3α
2
+
4!
1
× 4α
3
+ ... (y = α 2
⇒
∂α
= nα n−1
)
2 3
x x x x 1
=1+ 1!
+
2!
+
3!
+ ... [ n!
=
(n−1)!
]

13 / 14
=y
dy
∴
dx
=y

14 / 14