3 Phase M
3 Phase M
TB6559FG
Full-Bridge DC Motor Driver IC
Features
Weight: 0.50 g (typ.)
• Power supply voltage: 50 V (max)
• Output current: 2.5 A (max)
• Low-ON resistance (upper and lower sum): 1.3 Ω (typ.)
• Constant-current or direct PWM
• Standby mode
• Clockwise (CW), counterclockwise (CCW), short brake and stop
• Overcurrent protection
• Thermal shutdown
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TB6559FG
Block Diagram
REG
Overcurrent Protection
Thermal Shutdown
IN1 1
7 OUT1
IN2 16
9 OUT2
Decoder
SB 2
Timing Logic
OSC/PWM 14 OSC/PWM
4/12/13 3 8 10
S-GND RSA P-GND
Vref
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Pin Functions
Note 1: The absolute maximum ratings are the limits that must not be exceeded, even for an instant, under worst
possible conditions.
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Functional Descriptions
Control Input Pins
VREG
IN1, IN2, SB
100 kΩ
• The input voltage ranges of the IN1, IN2, OSC/PWM and SB inputs must be as follows. These inputs are
CMOS- and TTL-compatible, and have a hysteresis of 0.2 V (typ.).
VINH: 2 to 5.5 V
VINL: GND to 0.8 V
• The PWM input frequency should be 100 kHz or less.
• In Standby mode, all circuits are turned off, except the standby and 5-V circuits.
• To bring the device out of Standby mode, IN1 and IN2 must be set Low once (Stop mode); for an operating
mode must be selected after the power supply becomes stable.
VREG
SW1
OSC/PWM
SW2
100 kΩ
Either constant-current or direct PWM is selectable according to the voltage of the Vref input (See the “Pin
Functions” table). SW1 and SW2 in the above diagram are controlled by the Vref voltage.
• Direct PWM
For direct PWM, Vref must be between 4.5 V and 5.5 V (SW1: OFF, SW2: ON).
When a PWM signal with an amplitude between 0 V and 5 V is applied to the OSC/PWM input, the OUT1
and OUT2 levels change accordingly, resulting in an alternating sequence of CW/CCW and short brake.
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Input/Output Functions
Input Output
IO (100%)
Vref IN1 IN2 SB PWM/OSC OUT1 OUT2 Mode
(typ.)
H H H Capacitor ― L L Short brake
Constant-current
Vref chopping
6 ⋅ RSA L CCW
L H H Capacitor
L Short brake
Constant-current
OSC
0 to 3 V chopping
Vref
L CW
H L H Capacitor 6 ⋅ RSA
L Short brake
OFF
L L H Capacitor ― Stop
(Hi-Z)
OFF
X X L Capacitor ― Standby
(Hi-Z)
H
H H H L L Short brake
L
H L H CCW
L H H
L L L Short brake
H H L CW
PWM
4.5 to
H L H
5.5 V L L L Short brake
H OFF
L L H Stop
L (Hi-Z)
H OFF
X X L Standby
L (Hi-Z)
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Output Operation
• Control mode selection
Either constant-current or direct PWM control can be selected by the Vref input voltage as follows:
Constant-current PWM control: Vref = 0 to 3 V
Direct PWM control: Vref = 4.5 to 5.5 V
The constant-current feature is disabled in direct PWM mode.
In either mode, the motor operating mode changes between CW/CCW and short brake alternately.
To eliminate shoot-through current that flows from supply to ground due to the simultaneous conduction of
high-side and low-side transistors in the bridge output, a dead time of 300 ns (design target only) is generated in
the IC when transistors switch from on to off, or vice versa.
The shoot-through protection permits a synchronous rectification PWM operation without controlling the dead
time externally. A dead time is also provided internally when the motor operation mode switches between CW
and CCW, and between CW (CCW) and short brake, thereby eliminating the need for external dead time
insertion.
OUT1 M OUT1 M
RSA RSA
VCC
t5
Output voltage
t1
waveform t3
(OUT1)
GND
t4
t2
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Constant-Current Regulation
When the Vref voltage is kept constant, the constant current regulator keeps the output current constant by
using a peak current detection technique.
Coil current
Vref/6
VRSA
OSC
Internal clock
Vref/6
Coil current
GND
OSC
Internal clock
Vref/6
VRSA
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(3) Changing the predefined current (during acceleration)
Even when the reference voltage is increased, the regulator remains in Discharge mode for four CK
cycles and then it enters Charge mode.
OSC
Internal clock
Vref/6
Coil current
VRSA
GND
The average current value becomes lower than the set current value because of the peak current detection
method. It should be noted that the average current value changes, depending on the motor characteristics.
VCC
Control circuit
OUT1 M OUT2
IO
Vref
1/6
RSA
IO
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Internal Constant-Voltage (5 V) Circuit
VCC
VCC
VREG
• The TB6559FG includes a 5-V power supply for control circuit biasing.
• For oscillation prevention, a capacitor should be connected between VREG and S-GND.
Although VRGE can be used to control the inputs to the TB6559FG, the maximum load current should be
limited to 1 mA.
• The TB6559FG has power monitoring circuitry that turns off the output when VREG falls below 6.0 V
(design target only). With a hysteresis of 0.3 V (design target only), the output is turned back on when
VREG reaches 6.3 V (design target only) again.
Output Circuit
VCC
OUT1
(OUT2)
RSA
• The TB6559FG uses P-channel MOS transistors on the high side and N-channel MOS transistors on the
low side.
• The output ON-resistance (Ron) is 1.3 Ω (high-side and low-side sum)
• The switching characteristics of the output transistors are shown below.
PWM input
tpLH
tpHL
90% 90%
Output voltage 50%
50%
(OUT1, OUT2)
10% 10%
tr tf
Switching Characteristics
tpLH 750
tpHL 1000
tr 100 ns
tf 150
Dead time 700
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VCC Power Supply
• VCC supplies a voltage to the output circuit and the internal 5-V circuit.
• The operating voltage range is:
VCC (opr.) = 10 to 30 V
• IN1, IN2, and SB should be set Low at power-on. (In direct PWM mode, OSC/PWM should also be set
Low.)
GND Section
• The TB6559FG has two separate grounds: S-GND for the control circuitry and P-GND for the output
circuitry. S-GND and P-GND should be short-circuited at a location as close to the TB6559FG as possible.
ALERT Circuit
• When either the thermal shutdown or overcurrent protection circuit is activated, the ALERT output goes
High (CMOS output). When the ALERT pin is changed from low to high or vice versa, its output signal
may become unstable, causing chattering or noise pulses. To avoid such instability, it is recommended to
insert an RC filter to the output line.
Normal operation: Low
Protective operation: High
<Thermal Shutdown>
160°C (typ.)
120°C (typ.)
Chip temperature
TSD
H
ALERT output
L
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Overcurrent Protection Circuit (ISD)
<Overcurrent Protection>
ILIM
Output current
0
OFF OFF
10 μs 50 μs 50 μs
(typ.) (typ.) (typ.)
Not detected
10 μs
(typ.)
H
ALERT output
L
The TB6559FG allows for the sensing of the current that flows through each output transistor.
The currents through each of the output transistors are continually monitored. In the event of an overcurrent
in at least one of the transistors, the overcurrent protection circuitry turns all transistors off.
The overcurrent protection circuitry incorporates a timer to measure 50 μs (typ.) after the transistors are
turned off. After 50 μs, the protection circuitry turns the output transistors back on again automatically. If the
overcurrent persists, the device begins cycling into and out of thermal shutdown. To prevent false detection due
to glitches, the overcurrent protection circuitry turns off the transistors only when the current exceeds the
shutdown threshold for 10 μs or longer.
The design target only for current limiting is 5 A (typ.) but has variations between 4.0 to 6.0 A.
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TB6559FG TB6559FG
External Components
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Note 4 Fuse
Direct-PWM Drive
C1 C2
5V Note 5 C3 24 V
11 15 5 Note 1
VDD ALERT VREG VCC
PWM 14 OSC/PWM
OUT1 7
PORT1 1 IN1
TB6559FG M
PORT2 16 IN2 9
OUT2
Note 2
PORT3 2 SB
GND Vref RSA S-GND P-GND
3 8 4/12/13 10
Microcontroller Note 3
5V
C1 C2
5V C3 24 V
Note 5
11 15 5 Note 1
VDD PORT1 1 IN1 ALERT VREG VCC
PORT2 16 IN2
OUT1 7
SB
TB6559FG M
PORT3 2
OUT2 9
PORT4 3 Vref Note 2
0 V to 3 V
GND OSC/PWM RSA S-GND P-GND
14 8 4/12/13 10
Microcontroller Note 3
Note 1: A bypass capacitor should be connected between VCC and P-GND and placed as close as possible to the
TB6559FG.
Note 2: When a capacitor is connected between the motor pins to reduce noise, a resistor should also be inserted to
limit the charge current. This capacitor causes the switching loss to increase for PWM control; therefore, this
capacitor should not be used, if possible.
Note 3: S-GND and P-GND should be short-circuited at a location as close to the TB6559FG as possible. (Same for
Fin)
Note 5: If there is chattering or noise in the output signal, connect an RC filter to ALERT.
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Usage Precautions
• Although the TB6559FG contains overcurrent detection circuitry, a large current might abruptly flow through
the IC in case of a short-circuit to power supply, a short-circuit to ground or a short-circuit across the load,
damaging the device permanently. This possibility should be fully considered in the design of the output, VCC
and ground lines. If the device is damaged, a large current might continually flow through the device as a
secondary effect. Therefore, Toshiba recommends that a fuse be connected to the power supply line.
• Install this IC properly. If not, (e.g., installing it in the wrong position), the IC might be broken.
• If external components are shorted together, the IC might be broken.
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Package Dimensions
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Notes on Contents
1. Block Diagrams
Some of the functional blocks, circuits, or constants in the block diagram may be omitted or simplified for
explanatory purposes.
2. Equivalent Circuits
The equivalent circuit diagrams may be simplified or some parts of them may be omitted for explanatory
purposes.
3. Timing Charts
Timing charts may be simplified for explanatory purposes.
4. Application Circuits
The application circuits shown in this document are provided for reference purposes only. Thorough
evaluation is required, especially at the mass production design stage.
Toshiba does not grant any license to any industrial property rights by providing these examples of
application circuits.
5. Test Circuits
Components in the test circuits are used only to obtain and confirm the device characteristics. These
components and circuits are not guaranteed to prevent malfunction or failure from occurring in the
application equipment.
IC Usage Considerations
Notes on Handling of ICs
(1) The absolute maximum ratings of a semiconductor device are a set of ratings that must not be
exceeded, even for a moment. Do not exceed any of these ratings.
Exceeding the rating(s) may cause the device breakdown, damage or deterioration, and may result
injury by explosion or combustion.
(2) Use an appropriate power supply fuse to ensure that a large current does not continuously flow in case
of over current and/or IC failure. The IC will fully break down when used under conditions that exceed
its absolute maximum ratings, when the wiring is routed improperly or when an abnormal pulse noise
occurs from the wiring or load, causing a large current to continuously flow and the breakdown can
lead smoke or ignition. To minimize the effects of the flow of a large current in case of breakdown,
appropriate settings, such as fuse capacity, fusing time and insertion circuit location, are required.
(3) If your design includes an inductive load such as a motor coil, incorporate a protection circuit into the
design to prevent device malfunction or breakdown caused by the current resulting from the inrush
current at power ON or the negative current resulting from the back electromotive force at power OFF.
IC breakdown may cause injury, smoke or ignition.
Use a stable power supply with ICs with built-in protection functions. If the power supply is unstable,
the protection function may not operate, causing IC breakdown. IC breakdown may cause injury,
smoke or ignition.
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Points to Remember on Handling of ICs
(1) Over Current Protection Circuit
Over current protection circuits (referred to as current limiter circuits) do not necessarily protect ICs
under all circumstances. If the Over current protection circuits operate against the over current, clear
the over current status immediately.
Depending on the method of use and usage conditions, such as exceeding absolute maximum ratings
can cause the over current protection circuit to not operate properly or IC breakdown before operation.
In addition, depending on the method of use and usage conditions, if over current continues to flow for
a long time after operation, the IC may generate heat resulting in breakdown.
(4) Back-EMF
When a motor rotates in the reverse direction, stops or slows down abruptly, a current flow
back to the motor’s power supply due to the effect of back-EMF. If the current sink capability
of the power supply is small, the device’s motor power supply and output pins might be
exposed to conditions beyond absolute maximum ratings. To avoid this problem, take the
effect of back-EMF into consideration in system design.
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