UNDERGRADUATE FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT

Faculty of Engineering
Department of Textile Engineering

Title of FYDP: Girl’s Tops (T-Shirt)

Submitted By

Name ID
Mahmuda Sultana Mumu 203-23-986
Md. Arafat Ali Bhuiyan 203-23-987

Advised By
Md. Abdullah Al Mamun
Associate Professor
Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University

This Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the

Degree of Bachelor of Science in Textile Engineering

Advance in Apparel Manufacturing Technology

Spring - 2024
 Author’s Declaration

We therefore declare ourselves to be the sole authors of this project. It is the precise version
of the project, with any necessary modifications, that our advisor(s), Md. Abdullah Al
Mamun, approved. Moreover, we grant permission to Daffodil International University to
reproduce this content in print copy or digital format and distribute it.

Mahmuda Sultana Mumu Md. Arafat Ali Bhuiyan

Id: 203-23-986 Id: 203-23-987
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Department of Textile Engineering Department of Textile Engineering
Daffodil International University Daffodil International University

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 Statement of Contributions

In this Final Year Design Project, we two friends work as a team. We handle all aspect of the
process, including drawing the scratch of the garments, measuring the dummy, making the
patterns, measuring the clothes, choosing and gathering the fabrics, cutting, sewing, and
finishing. Only dyeing is done by a factory in the surveillance of one teammate who is
working there right now. We both worked together, talking with our advisor sir. To finish this
project, our project advisor Md. Abdullah Al Mamun supervises us in each step.

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 Executive Summary

In the Final Year Design Project, making a garment that fits the dummy in our clothing lab's
measurements is challenging for us. So, we decided to make a girl’s top item. The purpose of
selecting this item is to create a different kind of product. Because all we learn to take
measurements of basic shirts, pants or T-shirts. So, Girls Top is a different product to make
and its measurement is also slightly different. Additionally, this t-shirt has a few additional
measurement points that expand our understanding of girls' item measurements. This
challenge inspired us to create this item. To make this item we overcome few difficulties. As
such, in this t-shirt has a narrow opening part on sleeve and the bottom hem measurement is
not same as basic t-shirt. Again, there is a design on the sleeve part which call puff sleeve.
Moreover, we needed curve the bottom part of the t-shirt. We had to take the measurement
multiple times and consult with the pattern master to adjust it for the garment's fit in order to
get over these challenges. Ultimately, we try to create a unique item for our Final Year Design
Project with some advice and help from a few industrial persons and of course our advisor sir.

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 Acknowledgments

We began by expressing our sincere gratitude to Almighty Allah for his wonderful grace,
which made it possible for us to successfully finish this project.

Again, our sincere appreciation was shown to Mr. Abdullah Al Mamun, Associate
Professor, Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, for his
guidelines and priceless advice. It was made possible to finish this final year design project
by his academic direction, unceasing encouragement, energetic supervision, constructive
criticism, reading numerous subpar versions, and editing them at every level.

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 Table of Contents

Author’s Declaration ...............................................................................................................ii

Statement of Contributions ....................................................................................................iii

Executive Summary ................................................................................................................ iv

Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................... v

Table of Contents .................................................................................................................... vi

List of Figures ........................................................................................................................viii

List of Table ............................................................................................................................. ix

List of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ x

List of Equations ..................................................................................................................... xi

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals .................................................................xii

Similarity Index Report ........................................................................................................xiii

Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Background Information: ............................................................................................. 1

1.2 Significance and Motivation: ........................................................................................ 1

1.2.1 Significance:............................................................................................................. 1

1.2.2 Importance and benefits: ....................................................................................... 2

1.3 Aims and Objectives: ..................................................................................................... 2

1.4 Methodology: .................................................................................................................. 2

1.5 Report Outline: .............................................................................................................. 3

Chapter 2: Literature Review ................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Introduction: .................................................................................................................. 4

2.2 Limitations: .................................................................................................................... 4

2.3 Summary: ....................................................................................................................... 4

Chapter 3: Experimental Procedures..................................................................................... 5

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 3.1 Model Description:......................................................................................................... 5

3.2 Idea Generation: ............................................................................................................ 5

3.2.1 Choosing the target audience:................................................................................ 5

3.2.1 Choosing the type of product: ................................................................................ 6

3.3 Sketched the Design: ...................................................................................................... 6

3.4 Measurement of the Dummy: ....................................................................................... 7

3.4.1 Adjust the Measurements after First Sample: ..................................................... 9

3.5 Fabric Selection and Testing: ...................................................................................... 10

3.5.1 Fabric: .................................................................................................................... 10

3.5.2 Testing for Fabric:................................................................................................. 11

3.6 Creating the first or Proto Sample: ............................................................................ 13

3.6.1 Consumption of the Proto Sample....................................................................... 13

3.6.2 Costing of the Proto Sample................................................................................. 14

3.8 Identify Mistakes and find room for improvement .................................................. 15

3.11 Summary:.................................................................................................................... 15

Chapter 4: Result and discussion and Project Demo.......................................................... 16

4.1 Order sheet ................................................................................................................... 16

4.2 Project Demo ................................................................................................................ 18

Chapter 5: Ethical Principles ................................................................................................ 22

5.1 Introduction: ................................................................................................................ 22

5.2 Ethical principles: ........................................................................................................ 22

5.3 Impact of the project on the environment and sustainability .................................. 23

Chapter 6: Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 24

5.1 Summary: ..................................................................................................................... 24

References ............................................................................................................................... 24

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 List of Figures

Figure No Description Page No

Figure 1: Final Sketch 6

Figure 2: Point of Measurements 8

Figure 3: 1x1 Rib fabric (95% Cotton 5% Recycled Cotton 150 GSM) 10

Figure 4: 1x1 Rib fabric (100% Cotton 180 GSM) 10

Figure 5: Front view of final product in Dummy 18

Figure 6: Back view of final product in Dummy 19

Figure 7: Side view of final product in Dummy 20

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 List of Table

Table No Description Page No

Table 1: Product Development Process 3

Table 2: Measurement of Lab dummy (Female) for our product 7

Table 3: Modified Measurement 9

Table 4: GSM test for Body fabric 11

Table 5: GSM test for neck fabric 11

Table 6: Shrinkage test for body fabric 12

Table 7 Shrinkage test for neck fabric 12

Table 8 Costing Calculation 14

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 List of Abbreviations

SDGs Sustainable Development Goals.

GSM Grams per Square Meter

CM Centimeter

POM Point of measurement

BDT Bangladeshi Taka

UN United Nation

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 List of Equations

Serial Equation

01 GSM = Sample weight × 100

{ (𝐵𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ + 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝑥 (𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ+𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 }×2×12

02 Consumption for Body =
36𝑥𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 2.54 𝑥 2.54
+ Wastage%

{(𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ+𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑚 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒+𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)𝑥2}𝑥2×12

Consumption For Sleeve = 36𝑥𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 2.54 𝑥 2.54
+ Wastage%
03

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 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are the path map for a more promising and
sustainable future for everybody. Along with focusing on peace and justice, they address
global issues like injustice, poverty, inequality, and environmental destruction. There is a total
of 17 SDGs goals. Verify the relevant SDGs for the project.

In this project, we use recycled yarn (5% cotton) to make the rib knit fabric. Thus, if we want
to include it in the SDGs, we focus on Sustainable Cities and Communities. We design this
product by our own. Normally design is done on buyer end for which we cannot quote higher
piece. But if we done design in our own, we can quote higher price. Which can contribute in
our economic growth. So, we can say that is cover the criteria of Decent Work and Economic
Growth SDGs goals.

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 Similarity Index Report

Following students have compiled the final year report on the topic given below for
partial fulfillment of the requirement for bachelor’s degree in Textile Engineering

Project Title: Girl’s Top (T-Shirt)

Sl. No. Student Name ID Number

1 Mahmuda Sultana Mumu 203-23-986
2 Md. Arafat Ali Bhuiyan 203-23-987

This is to certify that Plagiarism test was conducted on complete report, and overall similarity
index was found to be less than 20%, with maximum 5% from single source, as required.

Signature and Date

..................................
Mr. Abdullah Al Mamun
Associate Professor
Department of Textile Engineering
Faculty of Engineering, DIU

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 Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Background Information:

The main goal of this study was to develop a product that would measure female
perceptions regarding a professional and socially acceptable style. This was done since a
large number of women are beginning new careers at the company and because the
percentage of women in the consumer market is continuously increasing. In addition to
their desire to spend more on eco-friendly products, women are looking for clothes made
especially for them to wear to social events and the workplace.
As part of our final year design project, we have to design an actual outfit from scratch.
For example, create a design, measure the dummy to create the selected clothes, dyeing,
sewing, finishing and then show the finished item that fits our dummy.
In this project design, we worked with a different type of girl’s top product called Puff
sleeve curve hem T-shirt. The reason for selecting this particular style of clothing is
because we are all learning how to measure basic Shirts (woven), T-shirts (knit), and jeans
(Woven). However, there exist various distinct points of measurement, methods of
measurement, and designs that offer us a varied scope of learning. We also gather some
knowledge about puff sleeve & curved hem.

1.2 Significance and Motivation:

1.2.1 Significance:
As Textile Engineering students, it is our responsibility to measure practically any
kind of apparel. The place where almost all measurement points should be identified.
However, we only learn about the fundamentals of clothing measurements in our
academic book. Again, we should know how to build a garment out of scratch using
cloth as part of our training in textile engineering. We encountered numerous
technical difficulties when creating clothing from a design and fabric. We attempt to
figure things out together. We are confident that having this information will benefit
us in the workplace, enabling us to operate effectively and comprehend the production
process with ease.

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1.2.2 Importance and benefits:
Through this project, we have learned to
1. How to make a design form any idea or design.
2. Make clothes based on the dummy measurements.
3. Adjust the measurement of clothing for better fitness.
4. Learning about the different type of sleeve used in garments industry.
5. Geather knowledge about the garments manufacturing process.

1.3 Aims and Objectives:

1. To make garments beyond basic garments product.
2. To learn about a few unknowns measuring points.
3. Acquire practical understanding of the garments production process.
4. Know more about knit fabric and knit garment manufacturing
5. Obtain real-world experience and address problems that arise in the production
process.
1.4 Methodology:
In the beginning, when we first made the decision to start a project, we looked for ideas
on how to make various garments that weren't too difficult or seem unachievable to make.
In the project work we completed all the process of production from design development
to the end product. The processes are given below sequence wise.

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 Idea Generation

Sketched the Design

Measurement of the Dummy

Fabric Selection & Testing

Pattern Making

Fabric cutting

Sewing

Finishing

Table 1: Product Development Process

1.5 Report Outline:

In this project report, we briefly spoke about how we produce our design product call Puff
sleeve curved T-shirt. We discussed the item's technique, significance, and our motivation
in the first chapter. We will go over the testing report, fabric (knit) construction specifics,
and production procedure in the remaining chapters.

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 Chapter 2: Literature Review

2.1 Introduction:
For this project work, we made a girl’s top item, called Puff sleeve curved hem T-shirt. It’s
not actually a new product but in our lab, it’s new to produce. Nobody has ever done it here
before. Again here, we used a little percentage of recycle cotton yarn in fabric. Because of
this, our project stands out from others. We all know that T-shist is a basic item and used all
over the world. Basically, in our country girls used t-shirt to wear at home. But we try to
make a product which can use as an outerwear also.

2.2 Limitations:
Though we try to make a new item which is not include in our academic study, we face some
difficulties. As well as we can’t conduct much lab test for lack of factory commination. We
try our best to test our product in our university laboratory.

2.3 Summary:
The production of T-shirts is the main focus of this initiative. Rather of imposing constraints,
we work tirelessly to achieve the highest level of perfection. These restrictions provide room
for improvement for those who have expressed interest in this approach thus far.

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 Chapter 3: Experimental Procedures

3.1 Model Description:

The project is broken down into eight segments, as was said in the preceding section, and
each segment is further broken down into a number of stages and procedures. Every stage and
phase of this process has equal importance.

In the project work we completed all the process of production from design development to
the end product. The processes are,

i. Idea Generation
ii. Sketched the Design
iii. Measurement of the Dummy
iv. Fabric Selection and Testing
v. Pattern Making
vi. Fabric cutting
vii. Sewing
viii. Finishing

3.2 Idea Generation:

The first step in creating this design was ensuring that the product will sell and that the target
market will find it appealing. Consequently, the researcher divided the work into two phases:
first, determining the type of product to be made, and subsequently, choosing the target
audience.

3.2.1 Choosing the target audience:

The choice of target market is crucial when it comes to retail clothing. Because there is a far
greater market for clothing among women than among men, the researcher frequently focuses
on women's apparel. The availability and accessibility of the data were therefore equally
important as the data itself. The reason behind choosing to focus on women in the 18–25 age
range. In addition, consumers in this age and gender group are the most active in the retail
industry.

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3.2.1 Choosing the type of product:
Before you begin designing anything, it is imperative to have a clear concept of the type of
apparel you want to make and the market niche you want it to occupy. We all know that T-
shist is a basic item and used all over the world. Basically, in our country girls used t-shirt to
wear at home. But we try to make a product which can use as an outerwear also. Because of
this reason we choose to select this product.

3.3 Sketched of the Design:

After deciding the product, we need a visual art of the product. This is the first step in turning
the idea into reality.

Figure 1: Final Sketch

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3.4 Measurement of the Dummy:
For this project, we took the initial measurement of our lab dummy(female). We identify the
point of measurement as we learn academically. We took all the measurements on a CM
(centimeter) scale. We also don’t take any extra allowance at the initial stage. Because of
making sketch, we needed actual body measurements. After that, we add the allowance
(sewing) throughout the period of making the pattern and CAD file.

Serial Measurement
Point of measurement (POM)
No (cm)
A Body Length 70

B Chest Width 56

C Shoulder Width 49

D Shoulder 6

E Collar width 2

G Outside Neck width 20

H Front Neck depth 8

I Back neck depth 3

K Sleeve Length 23

L 1/2 Armhole 24

M Sleeve Width 24

N Cuff Rib Width 14

O Hem Width 56

Table 2: Measurement of Lab dummy (Female) for our product

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Figure 2: Point of Measurements

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3.4.1 Adjust the Measurements after First Sample:

According to the first measurement we made a sample. After making the sample we figure
out that we need to change some measurement.

Serial Measurement
Point of measurement (POM) Modified
No (cm)
A Body Length 70 68

B Chest Width 56 54

C Shoulder Width 49 47

D Shoulder 6 6

E Collar width 2 2

G Outside Neck width 20 21

H Front Neck depth 8 8

I Back neck depth 3 3

K Sleeve Length 23 22

L 1/2 Armhole 24 23

M Sleeve Width 24 23

N Cuff Rib Width 14 14

O Hem Width 56 54

Table 3: Modified Measurement

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3.5 Fabric Selection and Testing:
3.5.1 Fabric:
To make this garment, we used knit rib fabric.
Rib knit is a knitted fabric with alternating high and low knit columns. More elastic and
durable than jersey knits, they tend to fit to the body. Rib knits are used frequently in t-shirts,
as well as for the trims of socks, sleeves, waists and necklines. This construction can also be
found in sweaters and women’s dresses. In here we used:
95% Cotton 5% Recycled Cotton Rib knit fabric for body & sleeve. Construction: 1x1. It
means that the ribs are made by combining one purls and one knit stitch alternately. For body
fabric we used 150 GSM fabric.

Figure 3: 1x1 Rib fabric (95% Cotton 5% Recycled Cotton 150 GSM)
And we used 100% Cotton Rib Knit fabric for neck and sleeve opening. Construction: 1x1.
For neck fabric we used 180 GSM fabric.

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 Figure 4: 1x1 Rib fabric (100% Cotton 180 GSM)
3.5.2 Testing for Fabric:
3.5.2.1 GSM Test:
The GSM test is a measurement of Grams per Square Meter, and is one of the most important
methods of determining the weights of knitting fabric, non-woven fabric or paper cardboard.

We used our lab for testing and the following equation to find out the GSM of the fabric.

Observation Sample Type Sample Weight GSM = Sample Average GSM

No. (gms) weight × 100
1 1.49 149
2 1.52 152
Rib Knit
3 1.49 148 150.4 ≈ 150
Fabric
4 1.51 151
5 1.49 152

Table 4: GSM test for Body fabric

The GSM of the body fabric is 150.

Observation Sample Type Sample Weight GSM = Sample Average GSM

No. (gms) weight × 100
1 1.82 182
Rib Knit
2 Fabric 1.79 179 180.67≈180
3 1.81 181

Table 5: GSM test for neck fabric

The GSM of the neck fabric is 180.

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3.5.2.2 Shrinkage Test:
Shrinkage test report for body fabric.

Original Dimension after Change in Dimension

Fabric Sample Dimension Wash Dimension change %
No
Length Width Length Width Length Width Length Width
01 300mm 300mm 317.4 314.9 17.4 14.9 5.8 4.97
02 300mm 300mm 316.1 315 16.1 15 5.37 5
03 300mm 300mm 317.9 314.3 17.9 14.3 5.97 4.77

Table 6: Shrinkage test for body fabric

Shrinkage test report for neck fabric.

Original Dimension after Change in Dimension

Fabric Sample Dimension Wash Dimension change %
No
Length Width Length Width Length Width Length Width
01 300mm 300mm 310.7 313.2 10.7 13.2 3.56 4.4
02 300mm 300mm 311.1 313.7 11.1 13.7 3.7 4.57
03 300mm 300mm 309.9 314.3 9.9 14.3 3.3 4.77

Table 7: Shrinkage test for neck fabric

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3.6 Creating the first or Proto Sample:
Based on the previously created design, measurement sheet, and tech pack, the designer
created the first sample. The sample is typically used to assess its appearance and determine
whether any modifications are necessary. The initial instance signifies the transition of the
design from a computer and paper to a tangible object. Therefore, it's critical to ensure that
the design adheres to the designer's vision for the piece.

3.6.1 Consumption of the Proto Sample

Fabric consumption is necessary for garments make and costing. The reading length and
maximum width of this top section are needed to calculate the total amount of fabric needed.
The amount of fabric needed for this and similar components are calculated by multiplying
the length and the width.

Required measurement of the top:

Body Length = 70 cm
Chest Width = 56 cm
Sleeve Length = 23 cm
Armhole = 24 cm

1. Fabric consumption for the Body Parts (Body + Chest):

Here, we will apply the following formula (per dozen),

{ (𝐵𝑜𝑑𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ + 𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝑥 (𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ+𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 }×2×12

Consumption For Body = +Wastage%
36𝑥𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 2.54 𝑥 2.54

{(70+2)𝑥(56+3)}×2×12
= + 15% yds/dz
36 𝑥 36 𝑥 2.54 𝑥 2.54

= 12.2 + 15% yds/dz

= 14.03 yds/dz

= 1.17 yds/pcs

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2. Fabric consumption for the Sleeve Parts:
Here, we will apply the following formula (per dozen),

{(𝑆𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ+𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝑥 (𝐴𝑟𝑚 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑒+𝐴𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)𝑥2}𝑥2×12

Consumption For Sleeve = 36𝑥𝐹𝑎𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑥 2.54 𝑥 2.54
+ Wastage%

{(23+2)𝑥(24+2)𝑥2}×2×12
= + 15% yds/dz
36 𝑥 36 𝑥 2.54 𝑥 2.54

= 3.73 + 15% yds/dz

= 4.29 yds/dz

= 0.36 yds/pcs

Total fabric consumption is (1.17 + 0.36) = 1.53 yards

3.6.2 Costing of the Proto Sample

ITEM DESCRIPTION Price TOTAL COST

FABRIC 1. Main fabric 1.53 yard 170 BDT 260.1 BDT

FABRIC 1. Neck Rib 50 BDT 50 BDT

CUT MAKE 1. Cutting and sewing 100 BDT 100 BDT

1. Sewing thread, main label,

ACCESSORIES 100 BDT 100 BDT
brand tag, Individual polybag

1. Factory, administrative work.

OVERHEADS 2. Telephone charges, internet 6% to 10% 35 BDT
charges,

1. Rejection ratio
WASTAGE 2% to 5% 20 BDT
for each segment

TOTAL PROFIT
15% to 20% 90 BDT
MARGIN

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TOTAL COST IN BD 655 BDT

Table 8: Costing Calculation

3.8 Identify Mistakes and find room for improvement

The designer's initial prototype was inserted into a dummy in order to inspect it, identify any
errors, and identify possible areas for improvement. Eight points were noted while thoroughly
analyzing the garments: first, the body length, chest width, shoulder width and hem width
needs to be decreased by 2 cm; second, outside neck width, sleeve length, 1/2 armhole, sleeve
width needs to be decreased by 1 cm.

3.11 Summary:
To complete this final year design project, we chose to make a girl’s top, called Puff
sleeve curved hem T-shirt. To manufacture it, we divided our working flow in a
systemically way, as such,

First, we took think an idea that which type of product we going to make. Then we
draw a sketch of the product. Then we take the measurement of the dummy to make
our product as dummy size. Then we implant the measurement in the garment scratch
and make modifications to the measurement according to the design and fabric
elongation quality. Then cut the fabric according to the pattern. After sewing, we wash
the garment to remove the sewing dust and unwanted dirt. By ironing, we are finally
ready for the trail to dummy. We make an approximate consumption and costing for
the product.

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 Chapter 4: Result and discussion and Project Demo

4.1 Order sheet

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 Measurement Chart

Serial
Point of Measurement S M L XL XXL
No
A Body Length 66 68 70 72 74
B Chest Width 54 54 56 58 60
C Shoulder Width 45 47 49 51 53
D Shoulder 5.5 6 6 6 7
E Collar width 2 2 2 2 2
F
G Outside Neck width 20 21 22 23 24
H Front Neck depth 7.5 8 9 10 11
I Back neck depth 3 3 3 3 3
J
K Sleeve Length 21 22 23 24 25
L 1/2 Armhole 22 23 24 25 26.5
M Sleeve Width 22 23 24 25 26.5
N Cuff rib width 14 14 14 15 15
O Hem Width 51 54 56 58 60

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4.2 Project Demo

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Figure 5: Front view of final product in Dummy

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 Fig
ure
6:
Ba
ck
vie
w
of
fin
al
pro
duc
t in
Du
m
my

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Figure 7: Side view of final product in Dummy

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 Chapter 5: Ethical Principles

5.1 Introduction:

While working on this project, other considerations than designs, costs, market
research, etc., have to be made. The designer gave careful consideration to a number of
factors, including the codes and standards that were employed in the design, moral principles
and involvement, the project's effect on social, health, safety, legal, and cultural issues, and
the project's effect on the environment and sustainability.

5.2 Ethical principles:

If clothing is to be considered moral, its production must be done in a way that respects
society and the environment. The author has made sure that the SDGs that the UN has laid
forth are rigorously followed. The Land, the Sea, the Courts, and Strong Institutions
Businesses that are concerned about the health and welfare of their employees as well as the
environment will pay fair wages and offer them safe, discrimination-free workplaces. All
moral requirements are guaranteed to be met by the designer.

To put it plainly, having a livable income means that you won't have to turn to extravagant
charitable giving or take on extra obligations. While some fashion companies only pay the
minimum wage, others provide their workers a reasonable compensation. Manufacturers run
the danger of trying to avoid giving their employees a living salary by moving their
operations to the most impoverished regions of the nation. The author promoted fair trade as
a potential solution as a result. Every manufacturer of fair-trade clothing has made a
commitment to give their workers a salary that enables them to support their families as well
as themselves. This helped to achieve two of the Sustainable Development Goals set forth by
the UN: the abolition of world hunger and extreme poverty.

Natural fiber dyeing is a simpler process than synthetic dyeing. To assist the colors, adhere to
such inorganic surfaces, manufacturers frequently add toxic substances and dangerous
chemicals to the water. Consequently, runoff causes pollution in bodies of water such as
lakes, streams, and seas. Many businesses have moved to more environmentally friendly

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options out of fear that they are adding to the contamination. And we also used 5% recycled
cotton, which reduce the production pressure on cotton production.

5.3 Impact of the project on the environment and sustainability

The idea that all manufactured things leave some kind of ecological mark is widely
acknowledged. However, the average user is unaware of the product's level of influence.
Environmentally friendly goods and services are those that drastically minimize possible
harm to the environment during production, use, or disposal. By using organic and recycled
cotton fabric, the author hopes to reduce the project's environmental impact. People were
advised to dress in recycled or organic cotton instead. This made it possible for responsible
consumption and production, climate action, and sustainable towns and communities.

We use 5% of recycled cotton on our project. It contributes a big impact in environment. We

all know that for the cultivation of cotton a big number of waters is used. Approximately
2,700 liters of water are required on average to make a single standard cotton shirt. So, if we
recycle the cotton, we can make a big impact on environment.

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 Chapter 6: Conclusions

5.1 Summary:
Our goal for the final year design project is to create something unique. Then, we have
selected a garment called Puff sleeve curve hem T-shirt. At first, we think what we going
to make. Then we draw a sketch based on our idea and then we take the measurement of
the dummy. In order to make these clothes, we measured the dummy multiple times and
changed the measurements each time to get a better fit. After that, the pattern is created
both digitally and on paper. Then we collect the fabric, we gather details about it and
inspect the fabric, and find out the GSM. Then cutting is done as per pattern and then
sewing is done. For pattern making, sewing & finishing we take help of expert. Lab
testing of garments is done in our lab. Following all of this, we submitted all of the test
findings and fitted the garment on the dummy. In testing report, we find that the fabric we
used contains 150 GSM, A-grade quality and the measurement of the final product and
the measurement we air to create are nearly identical. We think that having this
information will benefit us in the long term as we gain industrial experience.

References

▪ Holmberg, J. and Öhnfeldt, R., 2010. The female fashion consumer behaviour-
From the perspective of the shop Fever in Gothenburg.
▪ Shin, E. and Damhorst, M.L., 2018. How young consumers think about
clothing fit. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and
Education, 11(3), pp.352-361.
▪ Sanad, R.A., 2016. Consumer attitude and purchase decision towards textiles
and apparel products. World, 2(2016), pp.16-30.
▪ Hur, E. and Cassidy, T., 2019. Perceptions and attitudes towards sustainable
fashion design: challenges and opportunities for implementing sustainability in
fashion. International Journal of Fashion Design, Technology and Education.

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