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The document explains the concept of relations, including their representation as ordered pairs, tables, graphs, and mappings. It defines key terms such as domain, range, and inverse, and discusses the criteria for a relation to be classified as a function. Additionally, it covers function notation and provides examples of evaluating functions with specific inputs.

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Lea Grace Guleng
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

0 - Relations and Functions

The document explains the concept of relations, including their representation as ordered pairs, tables, graphs, and mappings. It defines key terms such as domain, range, and inverse, and discusses the criteria for a relation to be classified as a function. Additionally, it covers function notation and provides examples of evaluating functions with specific inputs.

Uploaded by

Lea Grace Guleng
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Relation – a set of ordered pairs

A relation can be represented by a set of


ordered pairs, a table, a graph or a
mapping.
{(4, 3), (-2, 1), (5, -2), (3, 2), (-2, -2)}
x y
4 3
-2 1
5 -2
3 2
-2 -2
y

x
0

{(4, 3), (-2, 1), (5, -2), (3, 2), (-2, -2)}
Mapping……
x y

4 3
-2 1
5 -2
3 2

{(4, 3), (-2, 1), (5, -2), (3, 2), (-2, -2)}
{(4, 3), (-2, 1), (5, -2), (3, 2), (-2, -2)}

The DOMAIN of a relation is the


x-coordinates of the ordered pairs.
Domain – {-2, 3, 4, 5}
The RANGE of a relation is the
y-coordinates of the ordered pairs.
Range – {-2, 1, 2, 3}
The INVERSE of a relation is found by
switching the coordinates of each
ordered pair.
{(3, 4), (1, -2), (-2, 5), (2, 3), (-2, -2)}
a) Express the relation {(3, –2), (4, 6), (5, 2), (–1, 3)}
EXAMPLE
as a table, a graph, and a mapping.
b) Determine the domain and range. Find the inverse.
Answer:
x y
x y
3 –2 3 -2
4 6 4 6
5 2 5 2
–1 3
-1 3

D = {–1, 3, 4, 5}; R = {–2, 2, 3, 6}


Inverse: {(-2, 3), (6, 4), (2, 5), (3, -1)
Express the relation shown in the mapping as a set of
EXAMPLE
ordered pairs. Then write the inverse of the relation.

Notice that both 7 and 0 in x y


the domain are paired with
2 in the range. 5 1
7 2
Answer: {(5, 1), (7, 2), 4 -9
(4, –9), (0, 2)} 0

Inverse Exchange X and Y in each ordered pair to


write the inverse relation.

Answer: {(1, 5), (2, 7), (–9, 4), (2, 0)}


• FUNCTION: a relation when each
element of the domain is paired
with exactly one element of the
range.
• For every x there is exactly one y.
• The x-coordinate cannot repeat.
Examples that are functions:
{(3, 2), (4, -1), (-3, -2), (9, 0)}
{(9, -1), (6, -1), (-9, 2), (-7, -1)}
x y
x y
3 -2
-2 3
1 4 4 6
0 3 5 3
2 2
-1
Examples that are NOT functions:
{(1, 2), (2, 4), (1, 5)}
{(-9, 2), (-9, 1), (3, 4), (5, -6)}
x y x y

-2 3 3 -2
1 4 4 6
0 3
5 3
-2 2
-1 4
• VERTICAL LINE TEST: test used to
decide if a graph is a function.

If no vertical line can be drawn so that


it intersects the graph more than once,
then the graph IS a function.

If any vertical line can be drawn so


that it intersects the graph at two or
more points, then the relation IS NOT
a function.
• Examples: Not a
FUNCTION! FUNCTION!
FUNCTION NOTATION: the y is
replaced with f(x), read “f of x”

Equation Notation
y = 3x + 7

Function Notation
f ( x ) = 3x + 7
Evaluating functions:
• If f(x) = 4x + 1, find f(-2).

Substitute -2 in for x.

f(-2) = 4(-2) + 1
-8 + 1

Answer: f(-2) = -7
Example:
• If f(x) = 2x2 - 4, find f(-3).

Substitute (-3) in for x.


f(-3) = 2 • (-3)2 – 4
2• 9 – 4
18 - 4

Answer: f(-3) = 14
Example:
• If f(x) = 3x + 6, find f(x - 1).

Substitute (x - 1) in for x.
f(x - 1) = 3(x – 1) + 6
3x – 3 + 6

Answer: f(x - 1) = 3x + 3
Examples:
If f ( x ) = 2x − 7, find each of the values.

1. f ( −3) = 2 ( −3 ) − 7 = −6 − 7 = −13

2. f ( 5 ) = 2 (5) − 7 = 10 − 7 = 3
3. f ( x + 2 ) = 2 ( x + 2 ) − 7
= 2x + 4 − 7 = 2x − 3

4. f ( x − 4 ) = 2 ( x − 4 ) − 7
= 2x − 8 − 7 = 2x − 15

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