Business Applications

ECL 152
 Tip If your workbook contains a lot of named ranges, you can click the Filter button in the Name
Manager dialog box and select a criterion to limit the names displayed in the dialog box.

 To create a named range

1. Select the cells you want to include in the named range.
2. In the Name Box, next to the formula bar, enter a name for your named range.
Or
1.
Select the cells you want to include in the named range.
2. On the Formulas tab of the ribbon, in the Defined Names group, click Define Name.
3. In the New Name dialog box, enter a name for the named range.
4. Verify that the named range includes the cells you want.
5. Click OK.
To create a series of named ranges from worksheet data with headings
1. Select the cells that contain the headings and data you want to include in the named ranges.
2. In the Defined Names group, click Create from Selection.
3. In the Create Names from Selection dialog box, select the check box next to the location of the heading text from which you want to create the
range names.
4. Click OK.
 To edit a named range ‫لتحرير نطاق مسمى‬

1. In the Defined Names group, click Name Manager.

2. Click the named range you want to edit.
3. In the Refers to box, change the cells to which the named range refers.

Or
Click Edit, edit the named range in the Edit Range box, and click
OK.
1. Click Close.

 To delete a named range

1. Click Name Manager.

2. Click the named range you want to delete.
3.
Click Delete.
4. Click Close.
 Create formulas to calculate values
 To enter an Excel formula into a cell, you start with an equal (=) sign. Excel then knows that the expression that
follows should be interpreted as a calculation, not text. After the equal sign, you enter the formula.

 For example, you can find the sum of the numbers in cells C2 and C3 by using the formula =C2+C3. After you have
entered a formula into a cell, you can revise it by clicking the cell and then editing the formula in the formula bar. For
example, you can change the preceding formula to =C3-C2, which calculates the difference between the contents of
cells C2 and C3

Important

If Excel treats your formula as text, make sure you haven’t accidentally put a space before the equal

sign. Remember, the equal sign must be the first character

Entering the cell references for 15 or 20 cells in a calculation would be tedious, but in Excel
you can easily enter complex calculations by using the Insert Function dialog box. The Insert
Function dialog box includes a list of functions, or predefined formulas, from which you can
choose.
Function Description

SUM Finds the sum of the numbers in the

specified cells

AVERAG Finds the average of the numbers in the

E specified cells

COUNT Finds the number of entries in the specified

cells

MAX Finds the largest value in the specified cells

MIN Finds the smallest value in the specified cells

 NOW and PMT functions

The NOW function:-

Displays the time at which Excel updated the workbook’s formulas, so the value will change every time
the workbook recalculates. The proper form for this function is =NOW(). You could, for example, use the
NOW function to calculate the elapsed time from when you started a process to the present time.

The PMT function:-

Is a bit more complex. It calculates payments due on a loan, assuming a constant interest rate and
constant payments. To perform its calculations, the PMT function requires an interest rate, the number of
payments, and the starting balance. The elements to be entered into the function are called arguments and
must be entered in a certain order. That order is written as PMT(rate, nper, pv, fv, type).
Function Description
rate The interest rate, to be divided by 12 for a loan with monthly payments, by 4 for quarterly payments, and so
on
nper The total number of payments for the loan
pv The amount loaned (pv is short for present value, or principal)
fv The amount to be left over at the end of the payment cycle (usually left blank, which indicates 0)
type 0 or 1, indicating whether payments are made at the beginning or end of the month (usually left blank, which
indicates 0, or the end of the month)

For example, if a company wanted to borrow $2,000,000 at a 6 percent interest rate and pay the loan back over 24 months,
you could use the PMT function to figure out the monthly payments. In this case, you
would write the function =PMT(6%/12, 24, 2000000), which calculates a monthly payment of $88,641.22

Tip
The 6-percent interest rate is divided by 12 because the loan’s interest is compounded monthly.
Function Description
Shift+Right Arrow Extend the selection one cell to the right.
Shift+Left Arrow Extend the selection one cell to the left.
Shift+Up Arrow Extend the selection up one cell.
Shift+Down Arrow Extend the selection down one cell.
Ctrl+Shift+Right Arrow Extend the selection to the last non-blank cell in the row.
Ctrl+Shift+Left Arrow Extend the selection to the first non-blank cell in the row
Ctrl+Shift+Up Arrow Extend the selection to the first non-blank cell in the column.
Ctrl+Shift+Down Arrow Extend the selection to the last non-blank cell in the column.
Ctrl+Shift+8 (Ctrl+*) Select the entire active region.
Shift+Home Extend the selection to the beginning of the row.
Ctrl+Shift+Home Extend the selection to the beginning of the worksheet.
Ctrl+Shift+End Extend the selection to the end of the worksheet.
Shift+PageDown Extend the selection down one screen.
Shift+PageUp Extend the selection up one screen.
Alt+; Select the visible cells in the current selection.
 To create a formula by entering it in a cell

1. Click the cell in which you want to create the formula.

2. Enter an equal sign (=).
3. Enter the remainder of the formula, and then press Enter.

 To create a formula by using the Insert Function dialog box

1. On the Formulas tab, in the Function Library group, click the Insert Function button.
2. Click the function you want to use in your formula. Or Search for the function you want, and then click it.
3. Click OK.
4. In the Function Arguments dialog box, enter the function’s arguments.
5. Click OK.

 To display the current date and time by using a formula

1. Click the cell in which you want to display the current date and time.
2. Enter =NOW() into the cell.
3. Press Enter.

 To update a NOW() formula

1. Press F9.
Operators and precedence
Operator Description
- Negation
% Percentage
^ Exponentiation
* And / Multiplication and division
+ and - Addition and subtraction
& Concatenation (adding two strings together)

 If two operators at the same level, such as + and –, occur in the same equation, Excel evaluates them in left-
to-right order. For example, the operations in the formula = 4 + 8 * 3 – 6

 You can control the order in which Excel evaluates operations by using parentheses. Excel always evaluates
operations in parentheses first. For example, if the previous equation were rewritten as = (4 + 8) * 3 – 6

 If you have multiple levels of parentheses, Excel evaluates the expressions within the innermost set of
parentheses first and works its way out. As with operations on the same level, such as + and –, expressions in
the same parenthetical level are evaluated in left-to-right order. For example, the formula = 4 + (3 + 8 * (2 +
5)) – 7
 To move a formula without changing its cell references
1. Click the cell that contains the formula you want to copy.
2. Point to the edge of the cell you selected.
3. Drag the outline to the cell where you want to move the formula.

 To copy a formula while changing its cell references

1. Click the cell that contains the formula you want to copy.
2. Press Ctrl+C.
3. Click the cell where you want to paste the formula.
4. Press Ctrl+V.

 To create relative and absolute cell references

1. Enter a cell reference into a formula.

2. Click within the cell reference.
3. Enter a $ in front of a row or column reference you want to make absolute.
Or
Press F4 to advance through the four possible combinations of relative and absolute row and column
references.
 Summarize data that meets specific conditions

 Another use for formulas is to display messages when certain

conditions are met. This kind of formula is called a conditional
formula. One way to create a conditional formula in Excel is to
use the IF function. Clicking the Insert Function button next to
the formula bar and then choosing the IF function displays the
Function Arguments dialog box with the fields required to create
an IF formula.

 When you work with an IF function, the Function Arguments

dialog box has three boxes:
1. Logical_test This box holds the condition you want to check.
2. Value_if_true This box holds the message that will be displayed
if the condition is met, enclosed in quotes. For example, in this
case, you could type “High-volume shipper—evaluate for rate
decrease.”
3. Value_if_false This box holds the message that will be displayed
if the condition is not met, enclosed in quotes. For example, in
this case, you could type “Does not qualify at this time.”
To summarize data by using the IF function
1. Click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.
2. Enter a formula with the syntax =IF(Logical_test, Value_if_true, Value_if_false) where:
• Logical_test is the logical test to be performed.
• Value_if_true is the value the formula returns if the test is true.
• Value_if_false is the value the formula returns if the test is false.

To create a formula by using the Insert Function dialog box

1. To the left of the formula bar, click the Insert Function button.
2. In the Insert Function dialog box, click the function you want to use in your formula.
3. Click OK.
4. In the Function Arguments dialog box, define the arguments for the function you chose.
5. Click OK.
To count cells that contain numbers in a range
1. Click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.
2. Create a formula with the syntax =COUNT(range), where range is the cell range in which you want to count cells.

To count cells that are non-blank

1. Click the cell in which you want to enter the formula.
2. Create a formula with the syntax =COUNTA(range), where range is the cell range in which you want to count cells.
To set iterative calculation options
1. Display the Backstage view, and then click Options.
2.In the Excel Options dialog box, click Formulas.
3.In the Calculation options section, select or clear the Enable iterative
calculation check box.
4.In the Maximum Iterations box, enter the maximum iterations allowed for
a calculation.
5.In the Maximum Change box, enter the maximum change allowed for each
iteration.
6.Click OK.

Use array formulas

Most Excel formulas calculate values to be displayed in a single cell. For
example, you could add the formulas =B1*B4, =B1*B5, and =B1*B6 to
consecutive worksheet cells to calculate shipping insurance costs based on the
value of a package’s contents.
 A worksheet with data to be summarized by an array formula.

Rather than add the same formula to multiple cells one cell at a time, you can add a formula to every cell in
the target range at the same time by creating an array formula. To create an array formula, you enter the
formula’s arguments and press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to identify the formula as an array formula. To calculate
package insurance rates for values in the cell range B4:B6 and the rate in cell B1, you would select a range
of cells with the same shape as the value range and enter the formula
=B1*B4:B6. In this case, the values are in a three-cell column, so you must select a range of the same shape, such as C4:C6.
When you press Ctrl+Shift+Enter, Excel creates an array formula in the selected cells. The formula appears within a pair of
braces to indicate that it is an array formula.

A worksheet with an array formula ready to be entered.

Important
You can’t add braces to a formula to make it an array formula. You must press Ctrl+Shift+Enter to
create it.

Important
If you enter the array formula into a range of the wrong shape, Excel displays duplicate results,
incomplete results, or error messages, depending on how the target range differs from the value
range.

Tip
Many operations that used to require an array formula can now be calculated by using functions
such as SUMIFS and COUNTIFS.

 To create or edit an array formula

1.Select the cells to include in the array formula.
2.Enter or edit your array formula
3.Press Ctrl+Shift+Enter.