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C. Growth Stages of Sugarcane

The document outlines the growth stages of sugarcane, including the Germination, Tillering, Stalk Elongation/Grand Growth, and Maturation and Ripening phases. Each phase is characterized by specific processes such as sprouting, tiller formation, cane elongation, and sugar accumulation. The objective is to familiarize readers with the development of industrial crops, particularly sugarcane.

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joel.balindan
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314 views11 pages

C. Growth Stages of Sugarcane

The document outlines the growth stages of sugarcane, including the Germination, Tillering, Stalk Elongation/Grand Growth, and Maturation and Ripening phases. Each phase is characterized by specific processes such as sprouting, tiller formation, cane elongation, and sugar accumulation. The objective is to familiarize readers with the development of industrial crops, particularly sugarcane.

Uploaded by

joel.balindan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GROWTH STAGES OF

SUGARCANE
Prepared by:
Joel Solomo Balindan
Objective:

1. Identify and familiarize the growth and development


of industrial crops
Principal Growth Stages of Sugarcane
1. Germination Phase
• When cultivated commercially,
sugarcane is propagated only
vegetatively by stem parts
(Cuttings) or by whole stems.
• Seed propagation is employed only
in selection.
• Planting cuttings should have at
least three buds.
• The sprouting phase (the beginning
is marked by 10% and the
complete stage by 75% pf sprouts)
is thought to commerce when two
leaves appear on the stem.
2. Tillering Phase
• Tillering of sugarcane in the tropics begins soon (in about 15-20 days)
after the first sprouts appear.
• The secondary sprouts are formed from underground buds.
• In early ripening varieties of sugarcane, tillering lasts for 4-6 months,
and finishes after the row contact.
• In the late-ripening varieties of sugarcane, tillering lasts long as 6-8
months.
• Every new sprout appears in 2 to 4 days.
• Under field cultivation each plant develops :
a. In the strong-bushy varieties 20 to 40 sprouts
b. In medium-bushy 15 to 25 sprouts
c. And in weakly-bushy 8 to 12 sprouts
Tillering Phase
3. Stalk Elongation/Grand Growth Phase
This stage lasts for 5 to 8 months. Sugarcane plants normally
vegetate at this stage, if properly supplied with heat and
moisture.
• Grand growth phase starts from 120 days after planting and lasts up
to 270 days in a 12-month crop. During the early period of this
phase tiller stabilization takes place. Out of the total tillers produced
only 40-50% survives by 150 days to form millable cane.
• Most important phase of the crop wherein the actual cane
formation and elongation and thus yield build up takes place.
• Leaf production is frequent and rapid during this phase with LAI
reaching around 6-7.
• Under favorable conditions stalks grow rapidly almost 4-5 internodes
per month.
Stalk Elongation/Grand Growth Phase
4. Maturation and Ripening Days
• This phase lasts for about three months.
• Its maturation is determined by a definite sucrose level in
the stems (up to 14-16% stem mass) and a low level of
reducing sugars.
• The commercial ripening of stems can be identified quite
reliably by the ratio of refractometry indices of juice taken
from the seventh-eighth internodes and lower (0.95-0.98). In
tropics, by harvesting time the sugarcane stems
accumulate on the average up to 14-16% sugar; in
subtropics 8-12% sugar.
sugar-india-sugar-crushing-isma.jpg (1200×749) (ibtimes.co.in)
References:
1. Sugarcane growth stages | agropedia (iitk.ac.in)

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