ISSN:1306-3111

e-Journal of New World Sciences Academy

2011, Volume: 6, Number: 4, Article Number: 1A0244

ENGINEERING SCIENCES
Received: May 2011 M. Kubra Kaymaz
Accepted: October 2011 Murat Oral
Series : 1A Selcuk University
ISSN : 1308-7231 [email protected]
© 2010 www.newwsa.com Konya-Turkey

INDOOR LAYOUTS OF SPA CENTRES

ABSTRACT
The growing interest of customers for SPA sector as well as its
fast development permitted to bring constant innovations in this
field. In that sense, this study aims at describing the current
situation of SPA design in Turkey, by identifying the conceptual
elements that influenced the design of SPA Centers’ interior. Topic
titles regarding the fact that how indoor layouts of SPA centres must
be, were determined and indoor analyses were conducted. The subject in
the examples selected within that scope, design criteria were probed
in terms of functional necessity, technical necessity and aesthetic
necessity concepts and qualitative and quantitative values.
Keywords: SPA Centers, Interior Design of SPA Centers,
The Development of SPA Centers,
Technical Requisites of Spa Centers,
Esthetic Requisites of Spa Centers

SPA MERKEZLERİNİN İÇ MEKAN BİÇİMLENİŞİ

ÖZET
Bu çalışma; Türkiye’de SPA mimarisinin bugünkü durumunun
belirlenmesini, SPA merkezlerinin iç mekan birimlerinin biçimlenmesine
etki eden tasarım faktörlerinin tespit edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. SPA
merkezlerinin iç mekan biçimlenişinin nasıl olmasına dair, konu
başlıkları belirlenerek, iç mekan analizleri yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda
seçilen örneklerde konu; fonksiyonel gereksinim,teknik gereksinim ve
estetik gereksinim kavramları açısından, nitel ve nicel değerler
bakımından tasarım kriterleri irdelenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: SPA Merkezleri,
SPA Merkezlerinin İç Mekan Tasarımı,
SPA Merkezlerinin Gelişimi,
Spa Merkezlerinin Estetik Gereksinmeleri,
Spa Merkezlerinin Teknik Gereksinmeleri
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Kaymaz, M.K. and Oral, M.

1. INTRODUCTION (GİRİŞ)
People have been talking a lot about SPA lately, although many
of them do not really seem to know the true meaning of this word. The
term “SPA”, which is associated with “water treatment”, can also be
designated by other terms such as “balneotherapy”, “springwaters”...
Athough in Turkey, we tend to associate health (and wellness)
tourism with thermal tourism, SPA refers to a more specific branch of
this same kind of tourism.
Even if “thermal tradition” is being part of our country’s
customs, SPA resorts in Turkey is not as developed as it can be in
Germany for instance. However, our investors are willing to create new
habits and improve the touristic potential of the country developing
SPA Centers according to international standards. SPA Centers, which
represent 1000 billion dollars’ concerning world investments in
tourism sector, is considered as being one of the most attractive
touristic concept by many Turkish investors, although the development
of this sector is still very recent in Turkey.
Even if Turkey is experiencing an accelerated development, SPA
sector still represents a minor part of the demand in the country’s
touristic activity. This can be explained by the fact that the
sector’s advantages are not considered enough in our country. In that
sense, SPA centers will grow in importance as a touristic alternative
in Turkey’ as long as this sector will improve the number of
acknowledged consumers, and provide a good quality of built equipment
and widening services
However, since SPA Centers have no real legal status in Turkey,
this sector tends to grow without control. For this reason, a
classification of SPA centers on a legal basis is required 2.

2. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE (ÇALIŞMANIN ÖNEMİ)

The designers have to consider and study every detail which is
to create the unique atmosphere of a SPA Center: the entrance, the
music equipment, the lighting, nice smelling candles, the
decoration...
The concept of SPA Centers, which is now developing quickly and
spreading in many Resort Hostel Complexes, tends to allow the
increasing development of specific layout standards and techniques
converging to a constant improvement of the services.
This study represents a step further in the development of SPA
design. In this context, this study helps to provide a scientific
approach of the issue, as well as spreading it in order to conquer a
wider audience.
This study also allows designers to have a better knowledge of
the SPA design’s current situation in Turkey, as well as it provides a
report of the essential factors/elements, which determine the way
designers make choices and solve problems related to SPA design.

3. THE SPA CONCEPT (SPA KAVRAMI)

Modern human being, evolving under continuous changes, wants to
reach health services that globalization has to offer: modern
preventive health care and active health treatments.
The concept of well being health does not only respond to
physiological needs, but also concerns spiritual and socio-cultural
aspects.
This evolving health paradigm permitted the emergence of the SPA
concept. SPA concept, is the name of the water therapies used since
the roman period until today.
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SPA Centers are likely to reach everyone’s concern: married-

single-families, young-old people, no matter their cultural and social
background. The accelerated rate due to today’s working and living
conditions, SPA Centers provide the opportunity to relax and spend
time away from the stress that damages body and soul.
The variety of SPA offers corresponding to various different
life styles and opportunities, plays an important role in the
development of the concept of wellness and well-being, SPA Centers
being able to provide services matching to everyone’s needs 12.
In our country, most SPA Centers are located in luxury resort
hotels and other luxury shops. However, SPA Centers tend to open in
developing cities as “Day SPA”, providing daily SPA services, at more
reasonable prices. SPA resorts also provide “SPA holidays”. Our
country should follow with great interest the evolution of SPA
Industry 1.

4. THE FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE INTERIOR DESIGN OF SPA

(SPA MERKEZLERİNİN İÇ MEKAN BİRİMLERİNİN BİÇİMLENMESİNE ETKİ
EDEN FAKTÖRLERİN SAPTANMASI)
In order to identify the elements that determine the interior
design of SPA Centers, it seems relevant to evoke the technical and
esthetical criteria that SPA Centers have to consider 2.

4.1. Detailed Review of Spa Centers’ Activities and Premisses

for Users (Spa Merkezlerinin Kullanici Eylemleri ve Eylem
Alanlari Açisindan İncelenmesi ve Birimlerinin
Belirlenmesi)

Figure 1. Scheme of SPA centers’ general layout 3

(Şekil 1. SPA merkezlerinin genel yerleşim şeması 3)

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As Tugay mentioned, we can divide SPA Centers into 5 groups

(Figure 1). With this approach, each group is detailed separately 3.
On the other hand, each group can be used independently from one
another. Tugay (2004), thanks to independant pathways. The halls and
corridors can be therefore connected to one another(Table 1).

Table 1. Layout and connexion of the different rooms in SPA centers

(Tablo 1. SPA merkezlerinde mekansal ilişki şeması)
Layout and Connexıon of the Dıfferent Rooms ın Spa Centers (Scheme)
1.Group
SPA Center’s Manager’s office, Reception desk, Clean
premisses
towels closet, Changing rooms, Facilities and Shower
(Entrance)
2.Group Turkish bath and cold room, Saunas, Steam Room, High
premisses pressure Showers, Tepidarium, Calidarium, Vitamin bar and
(Wet rooms) its storage room, Relaxation room.
3.Group
premisses Beauty center’s rooms, Thalasso baths, Showers, Massage
(Beauty rooms, Solarium
Center)
4.Group
premisses Fitness Center, Spinning room, Aerobic room and storage
(Sport room, Meditation room
Center)
5.Group
Indoor swimming-pools
premisses

The Manager’s office, belonging to the 1.Group, has to be

located on the entrance hall. In the first place, it is necessary to
establish a direct connexion between the Manager’s office and
Reception Desk. Reception desk has to be located on the entrance hall
(Figure 2). Reception desk must be design following standard
dimensions. There must be shelves placed under the Reception desk and
behind, where the users can find clean towels and waistclothes. Before
getting to facilities, shower room and changing room (1.group), users
must pass through “naked area”, which is to say, the part composed of
the Sauna, the Steam room, the Turkish Baths, the tepidarium and the
calidarium (2.Group), and the Beauty Center (3.Group). However, it is
important to be able to reach 4. And 5. Group premisses through
independant pathways.

Figure 2. Reception desk in a SPA center 16

(Şekil 2. SPA merkezinde resepsiyon birimi 16)

Turkish Baths belong to the 2.Group premisses (Figure 3). The

use of “Turkish baths” term, corresponds to the classic design of
Turkish bath, following the layout of the traditionnal turkish baths
and using the traditionnally used materials. A central piece made out
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of marble is placed at the very heart of the Turkish bath 13. The
cold room of the Turkish baths are designed in specific dimensions,
the Saunas can also be used as relaxation rooms. The Steam room’s must
contain at least 8 users. The use of ready-made polyester steam baths
might represent an interesting option. The use of high pressure showers
rather than under water showers is recommended in the saunas, for obvious
sanitary reasons. The “Tepidarium-Caldarium”, which is an original care
based on the principle of having one foot in a cold tub and the other
in a hot tub, can be placed on a corner of the naked area. Ideally
located in a niche and composed of six tubs, this room must contain
minimum 3 users. In order to create an atmosphere of well-being, the
room is enriched with various plants. For sanitary reason, the Vitamin
bar is only allowed to provide drinking services. The Vitamin bar
must be able to provide services to 5% of the SPA Center’s total
amount of users as well as it must offer chairs and benches for half
of the occupants of this room, providing a space of 0,75 m per person
3. The common areas of the Sauna, the Steam room, the Turkish baths,
and the tepidarium-caldarium must be designed so as to provide a
relaxation room containing long-chairs at the users’ disposal. The room
should, if possible, provide direct access to the garden.

Figure 3. Turkish baths in a SPA center 17

(Şekil 3. SPA merkezinde Türk hamamı 17)

The massage room, belonging to the 3.Group premisses, is the

most important room (Figure 4). Since this room is likely to bring
important incomes and the time spent per person being particularly
long, it is recommended to design at least to massage rooms 3. The
Solarium room must contain at least one shower. It is recommended to
set a Beauty Center providing specific cares (such as weight loss
cares, beauty/ esthetic cares, thalatermy...) based upon studies
aiming at offering wider services, since the demand is likely to be
rather important in this field. Thalassotherapy baths, is a system
consisting in combining jacuzzis and the use of natural sea materials
such as seaweeds. It is recommended to choose carefully the
thalassotherapy system which is to be used as well as the services
provided.

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Figure 4. Massage rooms in SPA centers 18 and 19

(Şekil 4. SPA merkezinde masaj odaları 18 ve 19)

The Fitness Center, belonging to the 4.Group premisses, is the

most important of the group. It must be disposed in a way as to be
exposed to daylight. The Fitness Center’s walls must be covered by
2,20 m-long mirrors and 0,90 m-high chromium handrail. Spinning is a
sport combining bicycle and gymnastics exercises. It is recommended to
provide at least 6 bicycles –ideally 12 – at the disposal of the users
and one bicycle for the training instructor. The training instructor’s
bicycle must be placed on a 20 cm high platform 3. A roomp dedicated
to aerobics is located in all the establishments providing full-year
services. 4 square meters of spare room must be designed and put at
the disposal of the users 3. The Meditation room must be covered with
laminate floor, lynoleum or any other material of this type. Foam
carpets must be put at the user’s disposal for the exercises (Figure
5).

Figure 5. Rooms dedicated to aerobics and meditation in a SPA center

20 and 21
(Şekil 5. SPA merkezinde aerobik salonu ve meditasyon salonu
20 ve 21)

The 5.Group premisses is the group designating indoor swimming-

pools. These premisses must provide 2m2 space per user in the swimming-
pool and 2,5m2 per user on the platform surrounding it 3. It is
recommended to provided an specific window system, so as to provide
direct access to the garden in summer (Figure 6). Indoor swimming-pool
must have glass windows on the sides, a glass-ceiling is recommended if
possible so as to benefit from a better exposure to day-light. If the
indoor swimming-pool does not provide direct access to the garden, it is
recommended to decorate the platform with plants.

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Figure 6. Indoor swimming-pools in a SPA center 22 and 20

(Şekil 6. SPA merkezinde kapalı yüzme havuzu 22 ve 20)

4.2. Review of Spa Centers’ Technical Requisites

(Spa Merkezlerinin Teknik Gereksinmeler Açisindan
İncelenmesi)
When we proceed to the organisation of the user’s activities in
the SPA Center, the main goal is to create a specific atmosphere so as
to provide a sensation of wellness and well-being to the users 4.
Technical requisites need to be achieved in order to gather all the
conditions which will create the perfect atmosphere for relaxation and
well-being.
These conditions are related to the quality of the services
provided: constant hot water in the premisses related to to water
treatment and bath, evacuation system for dirty waters, resolution of
problems related to air conditionning, control of the temperature of
the different pools, the control of the proper lighting for each
room...
SPA centers’ equipements used in premisses related to water
treatment: showers, restrooms and sinks used in areas dedicated to
personal hygien, will have to be resistent to misuse, eco-friendly, in
good state, easy to use and to fix, respecting the safety norms, and
there must always be spare components to fix rapidly the equipement
(sinks, batteries, piping...)in case of damage. The airconditionning,
the ventilation system, the right temperature of the pools, and
constant hot water are essential requisites in order to create the
perfect atmosfere the users came to look for 14. These details are to
be taken seriously, since it will ensure the perfect temperature of
the pools and the different rooms, preventing damp patches. SPA
centers must provide the proper lighting at any circumstances,
ensuring the user healthy conditions and confort during their stay 5.
Concerning the lighting of the premisses, it is recommended to always
privilege the use of day-light, which can be completed by artificial
lighting when necessary.
Concerning the lighting in SPA Centers, in order to ensure the
best visual conditions, it is necessary to consider the layout of the
different rooms according to essential lighting principles and the
building’s design. The elements which determine the intensity of the
lighting are: the ceiling, the flooring, the walls and the curtains
disposed on the windows. Those elements have a great effect on the
innner surface of the room. That is why the ceiling must be painted
white, the walls painted in light colours as well as the curtains so
as to allow a maximum exposure to day-light. Many activities are to
take place simultaneously in each room of the SPA Center. In order for
the user to enjoy the different services provided in optimum
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conditions, the different elements composing the equipement and the

premisses must be exposed to proper and sufficient lighting. The
lighting equipement must be selected according to the design concept
(Figure 7) and atmosphere corresponding to SPA centers’ spirit, so as
to ensure to the user the best lighting conditions while using the
equipement 6.

Figure 7. Lighting of SPA center 16

(Şekil 7. SPA merkezinde aydınlatma 16)

The main entrance, that is to say the 1.Group premisses, the 4.

Group premisses and the 5.Group premisses must be submitted to general
lighting system. In the location of the main entrance, it is necessary
to dispose undirect lighting, in order to create a warm. In the
Vitamin bar, large spot lights must be disposed on the ceiling, so as
to expose the fridges. Local lighting is to be used for the Reception
desk, the area of the Vitamin bar, the relaxation rooms and cupboards
belonging to massage rooms, the personnal hygien rooms and the mirrors
located in the bathrooms of the SPA Centers.

4.3. Review of Requisites Concerning Esthetic and Beauty

Services of Spa Centers (Spa Merkezlerinin Estetik
Gereksinmeler Açisindan İncelenmesi)
The requisites concerning beauty ant esthetic cares offered in
SPA Centers represent a question of great importance in terms of
design. The colour, aspect, texture and material are design elements
which need to be conceived and considered altogether in order to
obtain a certain harmony in the final result of the rooms’ esthetical
aspect 7. According to Bayazıt, Aksoylu, Çıracı, Dener (1987), the
design elements and the layout are essential since they must respond
to the user’s, physiological and social expectations who give great
importance to his image. Therefore, the environment of the user will
have a significant effect on his emotional state 8. In the conception
of the interior design of the rooms, it is necessary to distinguish
the function of the different components of the design. A structure is
composed of various elements, each of them having its own function.
These different functions are distinguished from one another by
different colours. Most of the time, this difference becomes obvious
using materials of natural colours 9. It is recommended to use
colours that will not damage the general harmony and unity of the SPA
Centers.
It is important not to neglect this question since using to many
different colours in a same room can have undesired effect and create
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confusion 9. It is recommended to use light and bright colours,

creating a warm atmosphere effect in the rooms orientated northwards.
As for room located southwards, it is necessary to use cold and darker
colours, in order to bring some sort of refresshing effect to the room
10.
The colour is indeed one of the most important elements in
interior design. The feel is one of the esthetical principles which
determines the conception of the interior design of the room (Figure
8).

Figure 8. Use of color in the SPA center 23

(Şekil 8. SPA merkezinde renk kullanımı 23)

It is necessery to consider the materials that are to be used,

together with other design elements such as colours, shapes and
textures. It is necessary to insist on the variety and particularity
of the materials and textures used in the interior design of the SPA
Center’s rooms. Ceramic for the flooring, carpets, the paint used for
the ceiling and the walls, the wall paper, earthenware elements,
wooden elements used for the equipements and textile determine the
variety of the materials and textures.... In order to create a certain
harmony and coherence in the interior design of the room, it is
necessary to consider the shape, the material, the texture and the
colours altogether.

Figure 9. Use of color in the SPA center 16

(Şekil 9. SPA merkezinde renk kullanımı 16)

It is necessary to choose specific materials according to the

specific function of the room during the conception of design in order
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to distinguish each room’s specific function: the materials for the

flooring, the ceiling, the wall, the furnitures and other equipements
(Figure 9).
All the material used in the SPA Centers must be resistent to
users’ manipulations. Concerning the maintenance of the equipements,
it is necessary to use material that are easy and fast to clean and
which does not retain dust and dirt, and ensuring good hygienic
conditions. Paint is the most recommended material for wall covering
because it is long-lasting, clean and easy to maintain. Wall paper,
wall textiles and wall covers containing plastic elements present as
much advantages as disadvantages in terms of use. This kind of
material are resitent and easy to clean, as well as it give to the
room a certain visual harmony considering esthetical aspects.
Concerning the 2.Group rooms of the SPA Center, it is recommanded to
use easy-to-clean and resistent earthware elements.

5. CONCLUSION (SONUÇ)
We analyzed in this study the current situation of SPA concept
in Turkey. We realised that before this concept was known in our
country, the waters called “thermo- mineral waters” were employed with
similar purposes.
Even if Turkey is experiencing an accelerated development, SPA
sector still represents a minor part of the demand in the country’s
touristic activity. This can be explained by the fact that the
sector’s benefits not considered enough in our country. In that sense,
SPA centers will grow in importance as a touristic alternative in
Turkey’ as long as this sector will improve the number of acknowledged
consumers, and provide the quality of built equipment and widening
services.
However, since SPA Centers have no real legal status in Turkey,
this sector tends to grow without control. For this reason, a
classification of SPA centers on a legal basis is required.
The SPA Centers which developed with no real control concerning
the legal standards can be improved and reformed following generally
accepted standards, by elaborating a new strategy aiming at bringing
modifications and improvements to previously built SPA complexes. We
can give a few advices in that sense:
 The halls and corridors connecting the different rooms of the
SPA Centers must correspond to specific standards in terms of
comfort, for the users.
 SPA centers must fill essential prerequisites in order to ensure
physical and mental stability for the users.
 SPA centers’ design and layout must ensure user’s privacy and
intimacy.
 SPA centers’ design must consider the general atmosphere and
environement as well as the cultural norms, and take certain
parameters into account: architectural design, music and other
specific issues of the kind.
 SPA centers must provide certain comfort standards to users: hot
water, clean premisses, airconditionning and ventilation system
in perfect state.
 SPA centers’ must provide sufficient and convenient lighting for
the users to enjoy their activities in the best conditions.
 SPA centers’ architectural design must provide all the
convenient equipement and design elements for each room
according to its function, ensuring certain harmony and unity
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regarding the rooms and furniture’s layout, in order to create

an atmosphere of well-being.
 The colours used in SPA Centers’ must not damage the unity and
coherence of the rooms.
 The variety of materials and coverings used in SPA centers must
fit to the general function and atmosphere of each room.
 SPA centers’ concept, the services provided, the number and type
of users as well as the demand are elements of significant
relevance in terms interior design.
All these listed factors might contribute to prevent the
development of establishments that would not respect the elementary
prerequisites of a spa Center, until legal measures are taken to
ensure a better control concerning this issue. The designer have an
important role to play in that sense.

NOT (NOTICE)
Bu makale, 28-30 Eylül 2011 tarihleri arasında Elazig Fırat
Üniversitesinde “Inetnational Participated Construction Congress”
IPCC11’de sözlü sunum olarak sunulmuştur.

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18. http://www.sheratoncesme.com/
19. http://www.vipspa.com.hk/
20. http://www.swissotel.com.tr/ankara/amrita-spa.asp
21. http://www.banyantree.com/index.php/en/offers/
22. http://www.richmondnua.com/content.php?p=spa_programlari
23. http://www.rixosroyalspa.com/

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