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Normal Distribution

The document provides an overview of normal distribution, including its properties, characteristics, and applications in probability and statistics. It explains concepts such as the empirical rule, standard normal variables, and random variables through examples and problems. Additionally, it covers the classification of discrete and continuous random variables and includes activities for practical understanding.

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imdazzlyn21
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7 views

Normal Distribution

The document provides an overview of normal distribution, including its properties, characteristics, and applications in probability and statistics. It explains concepts such as the empirical rule, standard normal variables, and random variables through examples and problems. Additionally, it covers the classification of discrete and continuous random variables and includes activities for practical understanding.

Uploaded by

imdazzlyn21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as KEY, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STATISTICS AND

PROBABILITY
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

ROLEA-LYN S. ASIROT
SUBJECT TEACHER
THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND ITS PROPERTIES

Illustrate a normal random variable and its


characteristics
Identify regions under the normal curve that correspond
to different standard normal values
Convert a normal random variable to a standard
normal variable and vice-versa
Compute probabilities and percentiles using the
standard normal distribution
Tossed two coins and
determine the number of tails
that will come out.
The graph is
a continuous
curve and
has a domain
-∞ < X < ∞.
The graph is
asymptotic to
the x-axis.
The value of
the variable
gets closer
and closer
but will never
be equal to 0
The highest
point on
the curve
occurs at
x=µ
(mean).
The curve
is
symmetrica
l about the
mean.
The total
area in the
normal
distribution
under the
curve is
equal to 1.
In general, the
graph of a normal
distribution is a
bell-shaped curve
with two inflection
points, one on the
left and another on
the right. Inflection
points are the
points that mark
the change in the
curve’s concavity
Mean minus SD and
Mean plus SD
Every normal curve corresponds to
the “empirical rule” (also called the
68 - 95 - 99.7% rule)
About 95.4% of the area under
the curve falls within 2 standard
deviations of the mean
About 99.7% of the area under
the curve falls within 3 standard
deviations of the mean
EXAMPLE 1
Suppose the mean is 60 and
the standard deviation is 5,
sketch a normal curve for the
distribution. This is how it would
look like.
EXAMPLE 2

A continuous random
variable X is normally
distributed with a mean of
45 and standard deviation of
6. Illustrate a normal curve.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

A. The normal curve has


inflection points at the mean
minus SD and mean plus SD.
B. The total area under the
curve is equal to 1.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION PROBLEM
The test scores of a physics class with 800
students are distributed normally with a mean
of 75 and a standard deviation of 7.
a) What percentage of the class has a test
score between 68 and 82?
b) Approximately how many students have a
test score between 61 and 89?
c) What is the probability that a student chosen
at random has a test score between 54 and 75?
d) Approximately how many students have a
test score greater than or equal 96?
34.134 34.134
13.591 % % 13.591
% %
2.14 2.14
% %

0.135% 0.135%

5 6 6 7 8 8 9
4 1 8 5 2 9 6
S
=
{H
ListH,
of sample space
HT,
TH,
TT
}

The value of the random variable T (number of tails) are 0,


1, and 2.
H H
H
COIN 1
List of sample space H
T T

T
H H
COIN
2 T
T
T
H
H
LIST OF
OUTCOMES OR
List of sample space H
SAMPLE SPACE
T

T
H

T
T
A basket contains 10 red balls and 4 white balls. If
three balls are taken from the basket one after the
other, determine the possible values of the random
variable R representing the number of red balls.
10 Red 4 White
Balls Balls
RR RR
R W
RR RR RW
R W R
RR RR RW WR
R W R R
WW
R
S = {RRR, RRW, RWR,
WRR, WWR, WRW, RWW,
WWW
List of sample space

The value of the random variable R (number of red balls)


are 0, 1, 2, and 3.
A pair of dice is rolled. Let X be the
random variable representing the sum of
the number of dots on the top faces. Find
the random variable X.
(6, =
3) 9

List of sample space

Firs Secon
t d die
die

A pair of dice is rolled. Let X be the random


variable representing the sum of the number
of dots on the top faces. Find the random
variable X.
2 3

List of sample space


List of sample space

The value of the random variable X (sum of the number of


dots) are 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.
DEFINITION OF RANDOM VARIABLE

A random variable is a result of chance of event, that you can


measure or count.
Numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment.
Quantitative variable whch values depends on change.
ACTIVITY FOR RANDOM VARIABLE

Determine the possible values of random variable.


1. Let X be. Random variable representing the number of tails which
occur in tossing 3 coins.
2. Three strips of colored paper are drawn without replacement from a
box containing 4 red and 5 yellow strips. Let Q be a random variable
representing the number of red strips
3. A box containing 8 lightbulbs of which 3 are defectives. Three bulbs
are chosen and tested at random. Let B denote the number of
defective bulbs.
RANDOM VARIABLE

A randm variable is a result of chance of event, that you can


measure or count.
Numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment.
Quantitative variable whch values depends on change.
ACTIVITY FOR DISCRETE AND
CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE
Classify the following as discrete or continuous random variable. Write
D if it is discrete and C if continuous before each number.
1. The number of heads tossing 5 coins.
2. The height of mango seedling.
3.The weight of grade 11 students in a certain year.
4. The number of teachers in Talavera Senior High School.
5. The amount of gasoline consumed in one-hour travel.
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE RANDOM
VARIABLE
Determine the random variable that tails will come out.
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE RANDOM
VARIABLE
Let Random variable T be the number of Tails

Number
of Tails
that
might
appear
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION OF THE RANDOM
VARIABLE
Let Random variable T be the number of Tails

PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION ∑ P(X)
P(X) ≥
0 = 1
1 ≥ P(X)
∑ P(T) = 1/4 + 2/4 + ≥0
1/4 = 1
A bag contains 3 red balls and 4 green balls.
Write down the probability distribution for R,
where R is the number of balls chosen when
2 balls are picked without replacement.
A bag contains 3 red balls and 4 green balls. Write down the
probability distribution for R, where R is the number of balls
chosen when 2 balls are picked without replacement.
2/
3/ 6 R R =
7
R 4/ R 3/
6 G R =
7 3/7 × 4/6 =
3/ G G 12/42
×
4/ 6 G =
2/ 4/7 × 3/6 =
7 G R 12/42
6
3/ R G = 4/7 × 3/6 =
6
G 12/42
6/
42
A bag contains 3 red balls and 4 green balls. Write down the
probability distribution for R, where R is
Probabilitythe number of balls
chosen when 2 balls are picked without replacement.
Distribution of
Random Variable R
R = 3/7 × 2/6 =
R
R 6/42
= 3/7 × 4/6 =
G 12/42
= 4/7 × 3/6 =
R
G 12/42
= 4/7 × 3/6 =
G 12/42
Two cards are drawn succesively with
replacement from a deck of 52 cards. Find
the probability distribution of the number
of Kings.
Key terms:
Without replacement: Dependent -
Probabilities DO affect one another
With replacement: Independent -
Probabilities DO NOT affect one
another

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