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Lesson 1 - Introduction to Information Management

This document introduces the concepts of data, information, systems, intelligence, knowledge, and information technology, emphasizing the transformation of raw data into meaningful information for decision-making. It highlights the importance of information management as a field focused on the infrastructure and processes for effectively handling information. The document also discusses various types of knowledge and their relevance in problem-solving and organizational efficiency.

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11 views

Lesson 1 - Introduction to Information Management

This document introduces the concepts of data, information, systems, intelligence, knowledge, and information technology, emphasizing the transformation of raw data into meaningful information for decision-making. It highlights the importance of information management as a field focused on the infrastructure and processes for effectively handling information. The document also discusses various types of knowledge and their relevance in problem-solving and organizational efficiency.

Uploaded by

purplee.hazee12
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON 1

INTRODUCTION TO
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Prepared by: Geraldine M. Rilles
2

TOPICS OUTLINE
❑ DATA
❑ INFORMATION
❑ SYSTEMS
❑ INTELLIGENCE
❑ KNOWLEDGE
❑ INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
❑ INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Data, Information and Systems 3

DATA VS INFORMATION

DATA INFORMATION
• A fact or figure: a number, a
• Data that have meaning within a
statement, or a picture
context
• The raw materials in the
• Raw data or data that have been
production of information
manipulated

Example: student's test score Example: average score


Data, Information and Systems

WHY DO PEOPLE NEED


INFORMATION
1. Individuals: Entertainment and enlightenment

1. Businesses: Decision making and problem solving


▪ Gathering
▪ Storing
▪ Manipulating
5

DATA MANIPULATION
Data manipulation is the process of changing or altering
data in order to make it more readable and organized.
Example: customer survey

▪ Reading through data collected from a customer survey with


questions in various categories would be time consuming and
not very helpful.
▪ When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful information
6

GENERATING INFORMATION
▪ Computer-based Information Systems take data as raw material,
process it, and produce information as output.

Figure 1. Input-Process-Output
INFORMATION IN CONTEXT 7

Figure 2.
Characteristics of
Useful Information
WHAT IS A SYSTEM?
▪ System: A set of components that work together
to achieve a common goal
▪ Subsystem: One part of a system where the
products of more than one system are combined
to reach an ultimate goal
▪ Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no
contact with other systems
▪ Open system: System that interfaces with other
systems
INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence has been defined in many different
ways such as in terms of one's capacity for logic,
abstract thought, understanding, self-awareness,
communication, learning, emotional knowledge,
memory, planning, creativity and problem
solving.
10

KNOWLEDGE

The fact or condition of


knowing something with
familiarity gained through
experience or association.
(Webster’s Dictionary, 1988) (Knowing something via
seeing, hearing, touching, feeling, and tasting.)
KNOWLEDGE
Knowledge is a useful term to judge the
understanding of an individual on a given
subject.

▪ In intelligent systems,
domain is the main focused
subject area. So, the system
specifically focuses on
acquiring the domain
knowledge.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
1. Declarative

▪ The knowledge which is based on concepts,


facts and objects.
▪ It provides all the necessary information
about the problem in terms of simple
statements, either true or false.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
2. Procedural knowledge

▪ Procedural knowledge derives the


information on the basis of rules, strategies,
agendas and procedure.
▪ It describes how a problem can be solved.
▪ Procedural knowledge directs the steps on
how to perform something.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
3. Heuristic knowledge

▪ Heuristic knowledge is based on thumb rule.


▪ It provides the information based on a thumb
rule, which is useful in guiding the reasoning
process.
▪ In this type, the knowledge representation is
based on the strategies to solve the problems
through the experience of past problems,
compiled by an expert. Hence, it is also
known as Shallow knowledge.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
4. Meta-knowledge

▪ This type gives an idea about the other types


of knowledge that are suitable for solving
problem.
▪ Meta-knowledge is helpful in enhancing the
efficiency of problem solving through proper
reasoning process.
TYPES OF KNOWLEDGE
5. Structural knowledge

▪ Structural knowledge is associated with the


information based on rules, sets, concepts
and relationships.
▪ It provides the information necessary for
developing the knowledge structures and
overall mental model of the problem.
FUNDAMENTALS OF
KNOWLEDGE
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
Information Technologies are systems of
hardware and/or software that capture,
process, exchange, store and/or present
information using electrical, magnetic and/or
electromagnetic energy.
Information Technology

IT Example: Cellular Telephony


Information Technology

IT Example: Wireless Internet


Information Management

MANAGEMENT
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
Information management is an emerging field that is
concerned with: The infrastructure used to collect, manage,
preserve, store and deliver information. The guiding
principles that allow information to be available to the right
people at the right time.

Information management is a cycle of processes that


support the organization's learning activities: identifying
information needs, acquiring information, organizing
and storing information, developing information
products and services, distributing information, and
using information (Choo, 1995).
INFORMATION ASSET
An information asset is a body of knowledge
that is organized and managed as a single
entity.

Like any other corporate asset, an


organization's information assets have financial
value. That value of the asset increases in
direct relationship to the number of people who
are able to make use of the information.
25

“ THE VALUE OF INFORMATION


MANAGEMENT IS NEVER FOR ITS
OWN SAKE, BUT TO PROVIDE

”
INSIGHT AND MAKE A LEAP OF
INNOVATION.
- Pearl Zhu
Introduction to Information Management 26

SUMMARY
Data simply refers to unprocessed facts and figures. It says nothing on its own. Turning data
into information is the real objective. When data is presented in a way that can help answer a
question or support decision making, it becomes information. Stronger judgments can be made
when this data is supplemented with one’s knowledge - their insight gained from experience
and expertise.

Information Technology is the main driver behind innovation. It benefits the business world and
it allows organizations to work more efficiently and to maximize productivity.

A growing area called information management is concerned with the infrastructure that is used
to gather, manage, maintain, store, and transport information. The guiding principles that make
it possible for information to reach the appropriate audience at the right time.

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