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Grade 8 Mathematics

The document outlines the axiomatic structure of geometry, emphasizing the importance of undefined terms (point, line, plane) and defined terms (line segment, ray) in building a mathematical system. It explains the role of axioms or postulates as accepted truths and theorems as statements derived from these axioms. The lesson aims to help learners understand the components of an axiomatic system and their significance in geometry.

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doreiza paco
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11 views34 pages

Grade 8 Mathematics

The document outlines the axiomatic structure of geometry, emphasizing the importance of undefined terms (point, line, plane) and defined terms (line segment, ray) in building a mathematical system. It explains the role of axioms or postulates as accepted truths and theorems as statements derived from these axioms. The lesson aims to help learners understand the components of an axiomatic system and their significance in geometry.

Uploaded by

doreiza paco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Axiomatic

Structure of
Geometry
Learning Objectives
At the end of the lesson, you will be able to:
• Describe a mathematical system.
• Illustrate the need for an axiomatic structure of a
mathematical system in general, and in geometry in
particular: (a) defined terms, (b) undefined terms, (c)
postulates, and (d) theorems.
Axiomatic System
An axiomatic system is a logical system which possesses an
explicitly stated set of axioms from which theorems can
be derived. axiomatic system consists of some undefined
terms, defined terms, list of axioms or postulates
concerning the undefined terms, a system of logic to be
used in deducing new statements called theorems.
Undefined Terms
Axiomatic structure started with three undefined
terms: point, line, and plane. These terms are the
bases in defining new terms, hence they are called the
building blocks of geometry. These terms have no
formal definitions in geometry, but they can be
described using examples or description.
Undefined Terms
Points, lines, and planes are considered as undefined terms in geometry.

Point B
represented as a dot and it has no dimension.
it is named using a capital letter, say point A. C A
Undefined Terms
Points, lines, and planes are considered as undefined terms in geometry.
Lines
a one-dimensional figure consisting of points that follow a straight path.
it has two arrows that extend infinitely in both directions.
it is named using a single script lowercase script letter (line l) or any
two points (line DE) which lie on the line.

l
D E
Undefined Terms
Points, lines, and planes are considered as undefined terms in geometry.

Planes G
a two dimensional flat surface figure
extending indefinitely in all directions. F
it is named by a single script capital letter H
(plane M) or by any three points that do not
lie on the same line (plane FGH).
M
Defined Terms
From these three undefined terms, important
concepts in geometry will be defined.
Remember that we need defined terms
because we want to be precise and concise on
the meaning of a term.
Defined Terms
Line segment and ray are subsets of a line and they
are defined terms in geometry.

Line Segment
A part of a line that has two endpoints.
A line segment AB can be denoted by this symbol: 𝐴𝐵
Defined Terms
Line segment and ray are subsets of a line and they
are defined terms in geometry.
Ray
A part of a line where one of its endpoints extends
infinitely in one direction.
Ray CD can be denoted by the symbol: 𝐶𝐷
Axioms or Postulates
In the axiomatic structure of a mathematical
system, axiom is defined as a logical statement
accepted to be true without proof.
Theorems
Theorems are the new statements which are
deduced or proved using sets of axioms, system
of logic, and previous theorems. These are
statements accepted after proven deductively.
Defined Terms
Below are some definitions derived from the
undefined terms, point, line, and plane.
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Defined Terms
Geometrical Postulates
Geometrical Postulates
Geometrical Postulates
The following are other postulates about point, line, plane, and figures formed
by these and the basic postulates.
Geometrical Postulates
The following are other postulates about point, line, plane, and figures formed
by these and the basic postulates.
Theorem
The following are theorems about point, line, and plane.
Theorem
The following are theorems about point, line, and plane.
THANK YOU

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