EX.

No :1
DATE:

AIM:
To create a database and how to perform the operations and add constraints.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Create a table using sql query

Step 2: Enter the input in the created table

Step 3: To retrieve a data from table use select command

Step 4: Add constraints primary key, unique, check, Notnull

Step 5: The output will be displayed based on the query.

PROGRAM:

DDL (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE) COMMAND:

1. CREATE
2. ALTER
3. DROP
4. TRUNCATE
5. COMMENT
6. RENAME

1. Creation of database and table:

mysql>create database db;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql>use db;
Database changed

2. Create the table:

SQL> CREATE TABLE STUDENT(SNO INT, NAME CHAR (11),

POSITION VARCHAR(8));

Table created.
 3. View the table

structure: SQL>

DESC EMP; Name

Null? Type

EMPNO INT

ENAME CHAR(11)

POSITION VARCHAR

(8)

4. Alter the Table:

SQL>ALTER TABLE EMP MODIFY EMPNO INT;

Table altered.

SQL> DESC
EMP;

Name Null? Type

EMPNO INT

ENAME CHAR(11)

POSITION VARCHAR(8)

SQL> ALTER TABLE STUDENT ADD( SALARY INT);

Table altered.
SQL> DESC
EMP;

Name Null? Type

EMPNO INT

ENAME CHAR(11)
 POSITION VARCHAR(8)

SALARY INT

SQL>ALTER TABLE EMP ADD (DOB DATE, DOJ DATE);

Table altered.

5. Remove/Drop the Column:

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP DROP COLUMN QUALIFICATION;

Table altered.

SQL> ALTER TABLE EMP DROP (DOB, QUALIFICATION);

Table altered

6. Rename the Table:

SQL> RENAME TABLE EMP TO EMPLOYEE;

7. Truncate the Table:

SQL> Truncate table EMPLOYEE;

8. Drop the table:

SQL> DROP TABLE EMPLOYEE;

DML (DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE)

1. SELECT

2. INSERT

3. DELETE

4. UPDATE

1. Insert a record from an existing table:

SQL>INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (101,'NAGARAJAN','LECTURER',15000);

1 row created.

SQL> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE (EMPNO,ENAME,POSITION,SALARY) VALUES

(102,”KANNAN”,”PROFESSOR”,50000);
3. Display the records from

employee. SQL> SELECT * FROM

EMPLOYEE;

EMPNO ENAME DESIGNATIN SALARY

101 NAGARAJAN LECTURER 15000

102 KANNAN PROFESSOR 50000

4. Update the Table:

SQL> UPDATE EMP SET SALARY=16000 WHERE EMPNO=101;

1 row updated.

5. Delete the row from Table:

SQL> DELETE EMP WHERE EMPNO=103;

1 row deleted.

6. Not NULL Constraint, Unique Constraint :

SQL> CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS( ID INT NOT NULL, NAME VARCHAR (20)
NONULL, AGE INT NOT NULL UNIQUE, ADDRESS CHAR (25) , SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),

PRIMARY KEY (ID) );

CUSTOMERS
ID
NAME
AGE
ADDRESS
Empty

SQL>INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 );
 SQL>INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS
(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (2, 'Khilan', 25,
'Delhi', 1500.00 );

SQL>INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS

(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (3, 'kaushik', 23,
'Kota', 2000.00 );

SQL>INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS

(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (4, 'Chaitali', 25,
'Mumbai', 6500.00 );

CUSTOMERS
ID NAME AGE ADDRESS
1 Ramesh 32 Ahmedabad
2 Khilan 25 Delhi
3 kaushik 23 Kota
4 Chaitali 25 Mumbai

7. Primary Key:

SQL>CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS( ID INT NOT NULL, NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT
NULL, AGE INT NOT NULL UNIQUE, ADDRESS CHAR (25) , SALARY DECIMAL (18,
2),PRIMARY KEY (ID) );
SQL>ALTER TABLE CUSTOMERS DROP PRIMARY KEY
; ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+ + + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+ + + + + +

RESULT:
The database was created using the various commands and constraints.
EX. NO :2
DATE:

AIM:

To create a database and to add foreign key constraints and referential

integrity.

ALGORITHM:
Creating a table for relating databases using constraints

Step 1: Create a table using sql query

Step 2: Enter the input in the created table
Step 3: To get related data from different tables useconstraint

Step 4: The output will be displayed based on the constraint

PROGRAM:

1. Create the Database and Use It

CREATE DATABASE
employee_management; USE
employee_management;

2. Create the DEPARTMENTS Table

CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENTS

( DEPT_ID INT NOT NULL,
DEPT_NAME VARCHAR(50),
PRIMARY KEY (DEPT_ID)
);

3. Create the EMPLOYEES Table with Foreign Key Constraint

CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEES

( EMP_ID INT NOT NULL,
EMP_NAME VARCHAR(50),
DEPT_ID INT,
PRIMARY KEY (EMP_ID),
FOREIGN KEY (DEPT_ID) REFERENCES DEPARTMENTS(DEPT_ID)
);
4. Insert Data into the DEPARTMENTS Table

INSERT INTO DEPARTMENTS (DEPT_ID, DEPT_NAME) VALUES (1, 'Human

Resources'); INSERT INTO DEPARTMENTS (DEPT_ID, DEPT_NAME) VALUES (2,
'Engineering');

5. Insert Data into the EMPLOYEES Table

INSERT INTO EMPLOYEES (EMP_ID, EMP_NAME, DEPT_ID) VALUES (101,

'Alice', 1); INSERT INTO EMPLOYEES (EMP_ID, EMP_NAME, DEPT_ID) VALUES
(102, 'Bob', 2); INSERT INTO EMPLOYEES (EMP_ID, EMP_NAME, DEPT_ID)
VALUES (103, 'Charlie', 2);

Output

SELECT * FROM DEPARTMENTS;

SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES;

To show how foreign keys and referential integrity work, we can perform a JOIN
operation to combine data from both tables and include the DEPT_ID.

-- Query to join EMPLOYEES and DEPARTMENTS tables, including

DEPT_ID SELECT EMPLOYEES.EMP_ID, EMPLOYEES.EMP_NAME,
EMPLOYEES.DEPT_ID, DEPARTMENTS.DEPT_NAME
FROM EMPLOYEES
JOIN DEPARTMENTS ON EMPLOYEES.DEPT_ID = DEPARTMENTS.DEPT_ID;

RESULT:

The database was created for relating between databases using the foreign key and referential
constraints.
EX.No:3
DATE:

AIM:

To create a database tables using aggregate functions.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Create a table using sql query

Step 2: Enter the input in the created table
Step 3: To retrieve a data from table use select command
Step 4: The output will be displayed based on the query
Step 5: Query using aggregate functions.

program
SQL> select * from emp;

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO

3737 Priya Officer 7777 07-MAR-09 51000 7

4545 Priya Secretary 3337 09-JUN-09 21000 20
7575 Karthi Manager 3337 07-JUL-07 75000 20
5352 Retish Secretary 5555 09-JUN-09 20000 8
5332 Rocky Assist 5555 08-JAN-08 19500 7
6544 Santh Officer 3337 23-JAN-09 19000 8

6 rows selected.

1) Avg (Average):

SQL> select avg(sal) from emp;

SAL=34250

2) Min (Minimum):

SQL>Select min(salary) from emp;

MIN=19000

3) Max (Maximum):

SQL>select max(salary) from emp;

MAX=75
Sum:
SQL>Select sum(SAL) from emp;

SUM=205500

4)Count:

SQL>Select count(*) from

emp; COUNT-6

RESULT:
The employee database was created and aggregate functions were used.
EX.No:4
DATE:

AIM:

To create a database using Nested Queries, Sub Queries and different joins

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Create a table using sql query

Step 2: Enter the input in the created table
Step 3: To get related data from different tables use joins
Query Step 4: The output will be displayed based on the joins
query

PROGRAM:

SQL> CREATE TABLE CUSTOMERS (ID INT NOT NULL, NAME VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,AGE
INT NOT NULL, ADDRESS CHAR (25), SALARY DECIMAL (18, 2),
PRIMARY KEY (ID));

SQL> INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID, NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)

VALUES (1, 'Ramesh', 32, 'Ahmedabad', 2000.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME, AGE, ADDRESS,SALARY)VALUES (2,

'Khilan', 25, 'Delhi', 1500.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS

(ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY) VALUES (3,
'kaushik', 23, 'Kota', 2000.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)VALUES (4,

'Chaitali', 25, 'Mumbai', 6500.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)VALUES (5,

'Hardik', 27, 'Bhopal', 8500.00 );

INSERT INTO CUSTOMERS (ID,NAME,AGE,ADDRESS,SALARY)VALUES

(6, 'Komal', 22, 'MP', 4500.00 );
 ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+ + + + -+ +
|1| Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
|2| Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
|3| kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
|4| Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
|5| Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
|6| Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |

1. Sub Queries:

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE ID IN (SELECT ID FROM

CUSTOMERSWHERE SALARY > 4500);

ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |

+ + + + + +
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27| Bhopal | 8500.00 |

2. Sub Queries with Update Command:

SQL> UPDATE CUSTOMERS SET SALARY = SALARY * 0.25 WHERE AGE IN (SELECTAGE FROM
CUSTOMERS_BKP WHERE AGE >= 27);

+ + + + + +
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+ + + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | 35 | Ahmedabad | 125.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 2125.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |

2. Sub Queries with Delete Command:

SQL> DELETE FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE AGE IN (SELECT AGE

FROM CUSTOMERS_BKP WHERE AGE >= 27 );

ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |

+ + + + + +
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
3. Joins:

Table 1 − CUSTOMERS Table

+ + + + + +
| ID | NAME | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY |
+ + + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | 32 | Ahmedabad | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | Delhi | 1500.00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | Kota | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | Mumbai | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Hardik | 27 | Bhopal | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Komal | 22 | MP | 4500.00 |
| 7 | Muffy | 24 | Indore | 10000.00 |
+ + + + + +

Table 2 − ORDERS Table

+ + + + +
|OID | DATE | CUSTOMER_ID | AMOUNT |
+ + + + +
| 102 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | 3| 3000 |
| 100 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 | 3| 1500 |
| 101 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 | 2| 1560 |
| 103 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 | 4| 2060 |

SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, AGE, AMOUNT FROM CUSTOMERS, ORDERSWHERE

CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

ID | NAME | AGE | AMOUNT |

+ + + + +
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | 3000 |
| 3 | kaushik | 23 | 1500 |
| 2 | Khilan | 25 | 1560 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 25 | 2060
INNER JOIN

SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, AMOUNT, DATE FROM CUSTOMERS

INNER JOIN ORDERS ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

ID | NAME | AMOUNT | DATE |

+ + + + +
| 3 | kaushik | 3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:0|
| 3 | kaushik | 1500 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:0LEFT JOIN

SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, AMOUNT, DATE FROM CUSTOMERS

LEFT JOIN ORDERS ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

ID | NAME | AMOUNT | DATE |

+ + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | NULL | NULL |
| 2 | Khilan | 1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 1500 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 |
| 5 | Hardik | NULL | NULL |
| 6 | Komal | NULL | NULL |
| 7 | Muffy | NULL | NULL

RIGHT JOIN:

SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, AMOUNT, DATE FROM CUSTOMERS

RIGHT JOIN ORDER ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

ID | NAME | AMOUNT | DATE |

+ + + + +
| 3 | kaushik | 3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 1500 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00
FULL JOINS:

SQL> SELECT ID, NAME, AMOUNT, DATE FROM CUSTOMERS

FULL JOIN ORDERS ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

ID | NAME | AMOUNT | DATE |

+ + + + +
| 1 | Ramesh | NULL | NULL |
| 2 | Khilan | 1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 || 3 | kaushik | 3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 1500 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 |
| 5 | Hardik | NULL | NULL |
| 6 | Komal | NULL | NULL |
| 7 | Muffy | NULL | NULL |
| 3 | kaushik | 3000 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 3 | kaushik | 1500 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |
| 2 | Khilan | 1560 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |
| 4 | Chaitali | 2060 | 2008-05-20 00:00:0
SELF JOINS:

SQL> SELECT a.ID, b.NAME, a.SALARY FROM CUSTOMERS a, CUSTOMERS bWHERE

a.SALARY < b.SALARY;

ID | NAME | SALARY |

| 2 | Ramesh | 1500.00 |
| 2 | kaushik | 1500.00 |
| 1 | Chaitali | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Chaitali | 1500.00 |
| 3 | Chaitali | 2000.00 |
| 6 | Chaitali | 4500.00 |
| 1 | Hardik | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Hardik | 1500.00 |
| 3 | Hardik | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Hardik | 6500.00 |
| 6 | Hardik | 4500.00 |
| 1 | Komal | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Komal | 1500.00 |
| 3 | Komal | 2000.00 |
| 1 | Muffy | 2000.00 |
| 2 | Muffy | 1500.00 |
| 3 | Muffy | 2000.00 |
| 4 | Muffy | 6500.00 |
| 5 | Muffy | 8500.00 |
| 6 | Muffy | 4500.00 |

RESULT:

The database was created for relating between databases using the joins and sub queries.
EX.No:5
DATE:

AIM:

To create a database tables using view command and joins.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Create a table using sql query

Step 2: Enter the input in the created table
Step 3: To retrieve a data from table use views and joins.
Step 4: The output will be displayed based on the query

PROGRAM:
NATURAL JOIN:
SQL>CREATE TABLE customer ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, customer_name
VARCHAR( 55), account int, email VARCHAR(55));
Table Created

SQL>CREATE TABLE balance ( id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, account int,

balance FLOAT(10,2));

Table Created

SQL>INSERT INTO customer(customer_name, account, email)VALUES('Stephen', 1030,

'stephen@javat point.com'), ('Jenifer', 2035, '[email protected]'), ('Mathew', 5564,
'[email protected]'), ( 'Smith', 4534, '[email protected]'), ('David', 7648,
'[email protected]');
SQL>INSERT INTO balance(account, balance) VALUES(1030, 50000.00),
(2035, 230000.00), (5564, 1250
00.00), (4534, 80000.00), (7648, 45000.00);

Customer
id customer_name account email
1 Stephen 1030 [email protected]
2 Jenifer 2035 [email protected]
 3 Mathew 5564 [email protected]
4 Smith 4534 [email protected]
5 David 7648 [email protected]

Balance
id accoun balance
t
1 1030 50000
2 2035 230000
3 5564 125000
4 4534 80000
5 7648 45000

EQUI JOIN:

SQL>Select * from Student;

id name class city
3 Hina3 Delhi
4 Megha 2 Delhi
6 Gouri 2 Delhi

SQL>Select * from Record;

id class city
93 Delhi
10 2 Delhi
12 2 Delhi

SQL>SELECT student.name, student.id, record.class, record.city FROM

student JOIN record ON student.city = record.city;
name id class city
Hina 3 3 Delhi
Megha 4 3 Delhi
Gouri 6 3 Delhi
Hina 3 2 Delhi
Megha 4 2 Delhi

Gouri 6 2 Delhi
Hina 3 2 Delhi
 Megha 4 2 Delhi
Gouri 6 2 Delhi

NON EQUI JOIN :

SQL>SELECT student.name, record.id, record.city FROM student, record WHERE
Student.id < Record.id ;

name id city
Hina 9 Delhi
Megha 9 Delhi
Gouri 9 Delhi
Hina 10 Delhi
Megha 10 Delhi
Gouri 10 Delhi
Hina 12 Delhi
Megha 12 Delhi
Gouri 12 Delhi

FULL OUTER JOIN:

SQL>CREATE TABLE students ( id INTEGER, name TEXT NOT NULL, gender
TEXT T NULL);
To insert some values

SQL>INSERT INTO students VALUES (1, 'Ryan', 'M');

SQL>INSERT INTO students VALUES (2, 'Joanna', 'F'); INSERT INTO students Values (3, 'Moana', 'F');

SQL>CREATE TABLE college ( id INTEGER, classTeacher TEXT NOT NULL, Strength TEXT
NOT NULL);insert some values INSERT INTO college VALUES (1, 'Alpha', '50'); INSERT
INTO college VALUES (2, 'Romeo', '60');INSERT INTO college Values (3, 'Charlie', '55');

SQL>SELECT College.classTeacher, students.id FROM College FULL OUTER JOINCollege ON

College.id=students.id ORDER BY College.classTeacher;

Class Teacher
Id Alpha 1
Romeo 2
Charlie 3

RESULT:

The database was created for relating between databases using the joins and sub queries.
EX.No:6
DATE:

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL query to create a procedure and functions

Algorithm:

Step 1: Start a program by creating table

Step 2: Enter the input
Step 3:The output will be displayed based on the query
Step : Stop the program

Function:

SQL>delimiter $$
>Create function func1 (str varchar(20))
>return char(50)
>return CONCAT(‘WELCOME TO’, str)
>end $$

>delimiter $$
>select func1(‘DBMS LAB’);
>$$

Procedure:

SQL> desc student;

Name Null? Type

REGNO NUMBER(4)
NAME VARCHAR2(20)
MARK1 NUMBER(3)
MARK2 NUMBER(3)
MARK3 NUMBER(3)
MARK4 NUMBER(3)
MARK5 NUMBER(3)

SQL> select * from student;

 REGNO NAME MARK1 MARK MARK3 MARK MARK
2 4 5
101 priya 78 88 77 60 89
102 karthi 99 77 69 81 99
103 karthipriya 100 90 97 89 91

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;

CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE
calculate_average IS
ave NUMBER(5,
2); tot
NUMBER(3);
CURSOR c_mark IS
SELECT * FROM student WHERE mark1 >= 40 AND mark2 >= 40 AND mark3 >= 40 AND mark4 >= 40 AND mark5 >=
40;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('REGNO NAME MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 MARK4 MARK5 TOTAL
AVERAGE');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('------------------------------------------------------------------------');

FOR student IN c_mark LOOP

tot := student.mark1 + student.mark2 + student.mark3 + student.mark4 + student.mark5;
ave := tot / 5;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(
RPAD(student.REGNO, 6) || ' ' ||
RPAD(student.NAME, 12) || ' ' ||
RPAD(student.MARK1, 6) || ' ' ||
RPAD(student.MARK2, 6) || ' ' ||
RPAD(student.MARK3, 6) || ' ' ||
RPAD(student.MARK4, 6) || ' ' ||
RPAD(student.MARK5, 6) || ' ' ||
RPAD(tot, 5) || ' ' ||
RPAD(ave, 7)
);
END LOOP;
END;
/

EXECUTE calculate_average;
regno name mark1 mark2 mark3 mark4 mark5 total average
101 priya 78 88 77 60 89 392 78.4
102 karthi 99 77 69 81 99 425 85
103 karthipriya 100 90 97 89 91 467 93.4

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

RESULT:
Thus the program for creation of procedure is executed successfull
EX.No:7
DATE:

AIM:
To execute DCL and TCL Commands.

Algorithm:
Step 1: Start a program
Step 2: Enter the input
Step 3: Execute the TCL abd DCL commands.
Step 4: Stop the program

TCL Commands: Commit,

Rollback, Savepoint:

1. Write a query to end your current transaction and make

permanent all changes performed in the transaction.

SQL> commit;
Commit
complete.

2. Write a query to create a table goods with

sno,itemcode,itemname,costnumber as its attributes and assign primary key
constraint for the column “itemcode”.

SQL> create table goods(sno number,itemcode number primary key,itemname varchar2(10),cost

number);

Table created.
SQL> insert into goods values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost);
Enter value for sno:1
Enter value for itemcode: 1025
Enter value for itemname: dell moniters
Enter value for cost: 5000
old 1: insert into goods values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost) new 1: insert into goods
values(1,1025,'dell moniters',5000)
SQL> insert into goods

values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost);
Enter value for sno: 1
Enter value for itemcode: 1025
Enter value for itemname: moniter
Enter value for cost: 5000
old 1: insert into goods values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost)
new 1: insert into goods values(1,1025,'moniter',5000)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for sno: 2
Enter value for itemcode: 1026
Enter value for itemname: mouse
Enter value for cost: 250
old 1: insert into goods values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost)
new 1: insert into goods values(1026,1026,'mouse',250)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for sno: 3
Enter value for itemcode: 1027
Enter value for item name: RAM
Enter value for cost: 1500
old 1: insert into goods values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost)
new 1: insert into goods values(3,1027,'RAM',1500)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for sno: 4
Enter value for itemcode: 1028
Enter value for itemname: webcam
Enter value for cost: 350
old 1: insert into goods values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost)
new 1: insert into goods values(4,1028,'webcam',350)

1 row created.

SQL> /
Enter value for sno: 5
Enter value for itemcode: 1029
Enter value for itemname: pendrive
Enter value for cost: 500
old 1: insert into goods values(&sno,&itemcode,'&itemname',&cost)
new 1: insert into goods values(5,1029,'pendrive',500)
 1 row created.

SQL> select *from goods;

SNO ITEMCODE ITEMNAME COST

1 1025 moniter 5000

2 1026 mouse 250
3 1027 RAM 1500
4 1028 webcam 350
5 1029 pendrive 500

SQL> commit;
Commit complete.

3. Write a query to add the record into the table “goods” and set the Savepoint S1, S2 and
S3 and verify it.

SQL> insert into goods values (6, 1030,'keyboard', 500);

1 row created.
SQL> save point s1; Save point created.
SQL> insert into goods values (7, 1031,'DVD drive', 2500); 1 row created.
SQL> save point s2; Save point created.
SQL> insert into goods values (8, 1032,'UPS', 3000); 1 row
created. SQL> insert into goods values (9, 1033,'CPU', 5000); 1
row created. SQL> save point s3; Save point created.

4. Write a query to Roll back to Save point S3 and verify it.

SQL> rollback to savepoint s3; Rollback complete.

To Verify: SQL> select *from goods; SNO ITEMCODE ITEMNAME COST

1 1025 moniter 5000
2 1026 mouse 250
3 1027 RAM 1500
4 1028 webcam 350
5 1029 pendrive 500
6 1030 keyboard 500
7 1031 DVD drive 2500
8 1032 UPS 3000
9 1033 CPU 5000

9 rows selected.
Write a query to Rollback to Save point S2 and verify it.
SQL> rollback to save point s2;
Rollback complete.

To Verify: SQL> select *from goods;

SNO ITEMCODE ITEMNAME COST

1 1025 moniter 5000
2 1026 mouse 250
3 1027 RAM 1500
4 1028 webcam 350
5 1029 pen drive 500
6 1030 keyboard 500
7 1031 DVD drive 2500
7 rows selected.

Write a query to Rollback completely and verify it.

SQL> rollback;
Rollback complete.
To Verify:
SQL> select *from goods;

SNO ITEMCODE ITEMNAME COST

1 1025 moniter 5000

2 1026 mouse 250
3 1027 RAM 1500
4 1028 webcam 350
5 1029 pendrive 500

DCL Commands:
Grant:
GRANT SELECT, UPDATE ON MY_TABLE TO SOME_USER, ANOTHER_USER;

SQL> GRANT SELECT ON Users TO'Tom'@'localhost;

Revoke:

REVOKE privilege_nameON object_nameFROM {user_name |PUBLIC |role_name}

SQL>REVOKE SELECT, UPDATE ON student FROM BCA, MCA;

RESULT:
Thus the TCL and DCL commands in SQL is successfully executed
EX.No:8
DATE:

AIM:

To write a PL/SQL query to create triggers.

Algorithm:

Step 1: Start a program by creating table

Step2: Enter the input
Step 3: The output will be displayed based on the queryStep 5: Stop the program

Program:

select * from account;

+ + +
| sum | amount |
+ + +
| 10 | 20 |
| 20 | 30 |
| 30 | 40 |
+ + +

Delimiter $$
create trigger update_trigger before update on account for each row
begin
if new.sum=50 then set new.sum=100;
else if new. Sum>50 then set new.sum=200;
end if;
end$$
Output function:

delimiter $$
MySQL> update account set sum=50
$$ select * from account;
-> $$

OUTPUT:
+ ++
| sum | amount |
+ ++
| 100 |20 |
| 100 |30 |
| 100 |40 |

RESULT:
Thus the program for creation of triggers and functions is executed successfully.
EX.No:9
DATE:

AIM:
To Create views and index for database tables.

PROGRAM:

SQL> desc emp;

Name Null? Type

EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER (4)
ENAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2 (30)
JOB VARCHAR2 (10)
MGR NUMBER (4)
HIREDATE SAL DATE NUMBER (7,2)

DEPTNO NUMBER (2)

SQL> select * from emp;

EMPN ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL DEPTNO

O
3737 Priya Officer 7777 07-MAR-09 51000 7
4545 Priya Secretary 3337 09-JUN-09 21000 20
7575 Karthi Manager 3337 07-JUL-07 75000 20
5352 Retish Secretary 5555 09-JUN-09 20000 8
5332 Rocky Assist 5555 08-JAN-08 19500 7
6544 Santh Officer 3337 23-JAN-09 19000 8

6 rows selected.
EMPNO NUMBER(4)

PH_NO NUMBER(8)
SQL> select * fromemp;

EMPNOPH_NO

3737 225301
4545 485565
6544 789663
7575 896652
6555 987777

CREATE VIEW

View created from more than one table leading to ‘Read Only’ view.

SQL> create view view1 as

select emp.ename,empp.ph_no from emp,empp where emp.empno=empp.empno;View created.

SQL> select * from view1;

ENAME
PH_NO

Priya 225301
priya 485565
santh 789663
Karthi 896652

INDEX:

SQL> select * from emp;

Emp_Id Emp_Name Emp_Salary Emp_City Emp_State

1001 Akshay 20000 Noida U.P
1002 Ram 35000 Jaipur
Rajasthan
1003 Shyam 25000 Gurgaon Haryana
1004 Yatin 30000 Lucknow U.P
 SQL>CREATE INDEX index_state ON Employee (Emp_State);
SQL> CREATE INDEX index_city_State ON Employee (Emp_City, Emp_State);
Index created

UNIQUE INDEX

SQL> CREATE UNIQUE INDEX Index_Name ON Table_Name ( Column_Name);

Index created

ALTER AN INDEX

SQL> ALTER INDEX index_Salary RENAME TO Index_Employee_Salary;

Index altered

DROP INDEX

SQL> DROP INDEX index_salary;

Index Dropped

RESULT:
Thus, the database views and indexes were successfully executed.
EX.No:10
DATE:

AIM:

To create an xml database and validate it using xml schema.

ALGORITHM:

Step 1: Open an XML file in Visual Studio

Step 2: On the menu bar, choose XML > Create Schema.
Step 3: An XML Schema document is created and opened for each namespace found in
the XML file
Step 4: The output will be displayed web page.
Step 5: Microsoft .NET Framework Class Library namespaces: System.Xml
System.Xml.Schema

Create an XML document:

1. Start Microsoft Visual Studio or Microsoft Visual Studio .NET. Then, create

a new XML file (on the File menu, point to New, and then click File).

2. Select the XML File type, and then click Open.

3. Add the following data to the XML document to represent a product in a catalog:

<Product ProductID="123">
<ProductName>Rugby jersey
</ProductName>
</Product>

4. Save the file as Product.xml in a folder that you will be able to readily access later.

Create a DTD and link to the XML document

1. In Visual Studio 2005 or in Visual Studio .NET, point to New on the File

menu, and then click File.

2. Select the Text File type, and then click Open.

3. Add the following DTD declarations to the file to describe the grammar of
the XMLdocument: XML
<!ELEMENT Product (ProductName)> <!ATTLIST Product ProductID CDATA #REQUIRED>
<!ELEMENT ProductName (#PCDATA)>

4. Save the file as Product.dtd in the same folder as your XML document.
5. Reopen Product.xml in Visual Studio 2005.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE Product SYSTEM "Product.dtd">

6. Save the modified XML document as ProductWithDTD.xml.

Create an XDR schema and link to the XML document

1. In Visual Studio 2005 or in Visual Studio .NET, point to New on the File menu, and then click File.

2. Select the Text File type, and then click Open.

3. Add the following XDR schema definitions to the file to describe the grammar of the XML document:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Schema name="ProductSchema"
xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-data"
xmlns:dt="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:datatype
s">

<AttributeType name="ProductID" dt:type="int"/>

<ElementType name="ProductName" dt:type="string"/>

<ElementType name="Product" content="eltOnly">

<attribute type="ProductID" required="yes"/>
<element type="ProductName"/>
</ElementType>
</Schema>

4. Save the file as Product.xdr in the same folder as your XML document.
5. Reopen the original Product.xml, and then link it to the XDR schema, as follows:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<Product ProductID="123" xmlns="x-schema:Product.xdr">
 <ProductName>Rugby jersey</ProductName>
</Product>
6. Save the modified XML document as ProductWithXDR.xm

Create an XSD schema and link to the XML document

1. In Visual Studio .NET, point to New on the File menu, and then click File.
2. Select the Text File type, and then click Open.
3. Add the following XSD schema definition to the file to describe the grammar of the XML document:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="Product">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="ProductName" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="ProductID" use="required" type="xsd:int"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

4. Save the file as Product.xsd in the same folder as your XML document.
5. Reopen the original Product.xml, and then link it to the XSD schema, as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<Product ProductID="123"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-inst
ance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="Product.xsd">
<ProductName>Rugby jersey</ProductName>

</Product>
6. Save the modified XML document as ProductWithXSD.xml.

Use namespaces in the XSD schema

1. In Visual Studio 2005 or in Visual Studio .NET, open ProductWithXSD.xml. Declare a
default namespace, urn:MyNamespace, in the document. Modify the XSD linkage to specify
the XSD schema to validate content in this namespace, as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<Product ProductID="123"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-inst
ance" xmlns="urn:MyNamespace"
xsi:schemaLocation="urn:MyNamespace Product.xsd">
<ProductName>Rugby jersey</ProductName>
</Product>

2. Save ProductWithXSD.xml.
3. Open Product.xsd, click the XML tab, and then modify the xsd:schema start tag as follows,
so that the schema applies to the namespace urn:MyNamespace:

<xsd:schema
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
targetNamespace="urn:MyNamespace"
elementFormDefault="qualified">

4. Save Product.xsd.
5. Run the application to validate the XML document by using the XSD schema.

0utput:

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xsd:element name="Product">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name="ProductName" type="xsd:string"/>
</xsd:sequence>
 <xsd:attribute name="ProductID" use="required" type="xsd:int"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<Product ProductID="123"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-inst
ance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="Product.xsd">
<ProductName>Rugby jersey</ProductName>

</Product>

RESULT:
The xml database was successfully created by display the web page of validate xml schema
EX.No:11
Execute complex transactions and realize DCL and TCL
DATE: commands.

AIM:
To Create document, column and graph based data using NOSQL database tools

Outcome: document, column and graph based data using NoSQL.

PROGRAM:

Create Database:

>use javatpointdb

Swithched to db javatpointdb
>db

Check the Database:

>show dbs
local 0 local 0.078GB

Insert a document:
>db.movie.insert({"name":"javatpoint"})

db.javatpoint.insert(
{
course:
"java",
details: {
duration: "6 months",
Trainer: "Sonoo
jaiswal"
},
Batch: [ { size: "Small", qty: 15 }, { size: "Medium", qty: 25 } ],
 category: "Programming language"
}
)
WriteResult({ "nInserted": 1})

Drop Database:

> db.dropDatabase()

{ "dropped": "javatpointdb", "ok":

1} Create collection :

>db.SSSIT.insert({"name" : "seomount"})
>show
collections SSSIT

db.collection_name.find()

{ "_id" : ObjectId("56482d3e27e53d2dbc93cef8"), "course" : "java", "details" :

{ "duration" : "6 months", "Trainer" : "Sonoo jaiswal" },
"Batch" : [ {"size" : "Small", "qty" : 15 }, { "size" : "Medium",
"qty" : 25 } ], "category" : "Programming language" }

Neo4j CQL

Create

nodes:

Open the localhost on the browser: http://localhost:7474/browser/ and use the following code:
CREATE (single);
MATCH (n) RETURN (n)

CREATE (primary_node), ( secondary_node);

RESULT:
Thus the NoSQL database tool successfully designed and executed.
EX.NO.12
DATE:

AIM:

To design a staff payroll management System using VB with mysql as backend.

SAMPLE CODE:

Dim db As
Database Dim rs As Recordset
Private Sub
cmdADD_Click()
rs.AddNew DtPicker
DOJ.Enabled = True
txtEmpID.Enabled =
True
txtFirstName.Enabled =
True txtLastName.Enabled =
True txtAddress.Enabled =
True txtDOJ.Enabled = True
txtSalary.Enabled = True
txtEmpID.SetFocus
txtEmpID.Text = ""
txtFirstName.Text = ""
txtLastName.Text = ""
txtAddress.Text = ""
txtDOJ.Text=Date

txtSalary.Text =""

txtHRA.Text = ""

txtDA.Text = ""

txtTA.Text =

"" txtPF.Text=

""

txtGrossPay.Text = ""

txtNetPay.Text = ""

cmdEdit.Enabled=False

cmdSubmit.Enabled = False

cmdCalculate.Enabled=

False End Sub

Private Sub

cmdCalculate_Click()If

txtSalary.Text = "" Then

MsgBox "SALARY FIELD IS EMPTY", vbCritical, "Employees

project"txtSalary.SetFocus Else

txtHRA.Text = 0.15 *

Val(txtSalary.Text) txtDA.Text = 0.17

* Val(txtSalary.Text) txtTA.Text =

0.13 * Val(txtSalary.Text) txtPF.Text

= 0.05 * Val(txtSalary.Text)

txtGrossPay.Text = Val(txtHRA.Text) + Val(txtDA.Text) + Val(txtTA.Text) +

Val(txtSalary.Text)txtNetPay.Text
= Val(txtGrossPay.Text) - Val(txtPF.Text)
cmdSubmit.Enabled =
True cmdADD.Enabled
= False
End If End Sub
Private Sub cmdDelete_Click()

Dim msgboxres As VbMsgBoxResult

If rs.RecordCount = 0 Or txtEmpID.Text = "" Then

MsgBox "No records to delete", vbCritical, "Employees Project"

Else

msgboxres = MsgBox("Do you really want to Delete?", vbCritical + vbOKCancel, "Confirmation")If

msgboxres = vbOK Then

Cancel=False

rs.Delete

MsgBox "RECORD DELETED", vbCritical, "Employees

Project" ClearALL

Else

Cancel=True

End If

'rs.MoveNex

t End If

End Sub

txtFirstName.Enabled = True

txtLastName.Enabled = True

txtAddress.Enabled = True

txtDOJ.Enabled = True

txtSalary.Enabled= True
rs("FIRSTNAME")

txtFirstName.Textrs("LASTNAME")

txtLastName.Text rs("ADDRESS")

txtAddress.Text

rs("DATEOFJOINING") = txtDOJ.Text

rs("SALARY") =txtSalary.Text

rs("HRA") = txtHRA.Text

rs("DA") = txtDA.Text rs("TA")

= txtTA.Text

rs("PF") = txtPF.Text rs("GROSSPAY")

=txtGrossPay.Textrs rs("NETPAY") = txtNetPay.Text
End Sub Private Sub cmdExit_Click()
Dim msgboxres As VbMsgBoxResult
msgboxres = MsgBox("Do you want to really exit?", vbCritical + vbOKCancel,

"Confirmation")If msgboxres = vbOK Then

Cancel=False

End

Else

Cancel=True
End If

End Sub

Private Sub

cmdFirst_Cli

ck()

rs.MoveFirst

cmdPrev.Ena

bled = False
 cmdFirst.En

abled = False

cmdNext.Enabled =

True cmdLast.Enabled =

True cmdEdit.Enabled =

True GetData

End Sub
Private Sub cmdLast_Click()
rs.MoveLast cmdFirst.Enabled = True
cmdPrev.Enabled = True
cmdNext.Enabled = False
cmdLast.Enabled = False
cmdEdit.Enabled = True
GetData
End Sub
cmdEdit.Enabled = True
cmdFirst.Enabled = True
cmdPrev.Enabled=True
rs.MoveNext
If rs.EOF = True
Then
cmdNext.Enabled=False
e cmdLast.Enabled = False
MsgBox "LAST RECORD", vbInformation, "Employees Project" rs.MoveLast
Else GetData
End If
End Sub
Private Sub cmdPrev_Click() cmdEdit.Enabled =
True cmdFirst.Enabled = True
cmdNext.Enabled =
True cmdLast.Enabled =
True rs.MovePrevious
If rs.BOF = True
Then
cmdFirst.Enabled = False
cmdPrev.Enabled = False
MsgBox "FIRST RECORD", vbInformation, "Employees Project"

rs.MoveFir

st Else
GetData

End If

GetData

End

Sub

Private Sub

cmdReport_Click()

DataReport1.Show

End Sub

Private Sub

cmdSubmit_Click() On

Error GoTo errhandler2

rs("EMPID")=txtEmpID.Text

rs("FIRSTNAME") = txtFirstName.Text

rs("LASTNAME") = txtLastName.Text

rs("ADDRESS") = txtAddress.Text

rs("DATEOFJOINING") = txtDOJ.Text

rs("SALARY") = txtSalary.Text
rs("HRA") = txtHRA.Text
rs("DA") = txtDA.Text
rs("TA") = txtTA.Text
rs("PF") = txtPF.Text
rs("GROSSPAY") =txtGrossPay.Text
rs("NETPAY") =txtNetpay.Text

Private Sub
txtAddress_Change()

cmdSubmit.Enabled = True

End Sub

Private Sub

txtDOJ_Change()

cmdSubmit.Enabled =

True End Sub

[Private Sub

txtEmpID_Change()

cmdSubmit.Enabled = True

End Sub

Private Sub txtEmpID_KeyPress(KeyAscii As

Integer)If (KeyAscii < 48 Or KeyAscii > 57) Then

KeyAscii = 0

MsgBox "PLEASE ENTER ONLY NUMBERS", vbCritical, "Employees

Project"End If End Sub

Private Sub

txtFirstName_Change()

cmdSubmit.Enabled = True

End Sub

Private Sub

txtLastName_Change()

cmdSubmit.Enabled = True
End Sub
Private Sub

txtSalary_Change() If

txtSalary.Text <> "" Then

Cmd Calculate.Enabled = True

End If
End Sub

Public Sub ClearALL() Dim ctrl As Control

For Each ctrl In Me.Controls

If TypeOf ctrl Is
TextBox Then
ctrl.Text = ""
Next End Sub

Public Sub GetData()

If rs.RecordCount <> 0
Then
txtEmpID.Text = rs("EMPID")
txtFirstName.Text = rs("FIRSTNAME")
txtLastName.Text = rs("LASTNAME")
txtAddress.Text = rs("ADDRESS")
txtDOJ.Text = rs("DATEOFJOINING")
txtSalary.Text = rs("SALARY")

txtHRA.Text = rs("HRA")
txtDA.Text = rs("DA")
txtTA.Text = rs("TA")
txtPF.Text=rs("PF")
txtGrossPay.Text = rs("GROSSPAY")
txtNetPay.Text = rs("NETPAY")

txtEmpID.Enabled = False

txtFirstName.Enabled =

False txtLastName.Enabled =

False txtAddress.Enabled =

False
txtDOJ.Enabled = False

txtSalary.Enabled = False

txtHRA.Enabled = False

txtDA.Enabled= False

txtTA.Enabled = False

txtPF.Enabled = False

txtGrossPay.Enabled =False

txtNetPay.Enabled = False

cmdSubmit.Enabled =

False

cmdCalculate.Enabled=Fals

DtPickerDOJ.Enabled=False

Else

txtEmpID.Enabled = False
txtFirstName.Enabled =
False txtLastName.Enabled =
False txtAddress.Enabled =
False txtDOJ.Enabled = False
txtSalary.Enabled = False
txtHRA.Enabled = False
txtDA.Enabled = False txtTA.Enabled = False txtPF.Enabled = False
txtGrossPay.Enabled = False
txtNetPay.Enabled = False c
mdSubmit.Enabled = False
cmdCalculate.Enabled = False End If
End Sub
PrivateSubtxtSalary_KeyPress(KeyAsciiAs
Integer)
If (KeyAscii < 48 Or KeyAscii > 57) Then
KeyAscii = 0

MsgBox "PLEASE ENTER ONLY NUMBERS", vbCritical, "Employees

Project"End If End Sub
Public Sub DisableFields() txtEmpID.Enabled = False
txtFirstName.Enabled = False
txtLastName.Enabled =
False txtAddress.Enabled =
False txtDOJ.Enabled = False
txtSalary.Enabled = False

cmdADD.Enabled = True
cmdCalculate.Enabled =
False cmdSubmit.Enabled =
False
DATABASE IN MS ACCESS:
FORMS WHILE EXECUTION:
RESULT:
Thus the Student Personal Information System is successfully designed using PHPwith mysql as backend.
EX.NO:13
DATE:

AIM:

To create a database for E-mart Grocery shop and apply all sql properties.

SAMPLE CODE:

SQL> create table grocery_visit(date TEXT, time_spent_min INTEGER, amount_spent REAL);

SQL>create table grocery_list(date TEXT, item_name TEXT, item_category TEXT);
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-03", "Hamburger patties", "Meat and Fish");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-03", "Chips",
"Pantry"); insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-03", "Avocado", "Fruits and
Vegetables");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-03", "Lime", "Fruits and
Vegetables");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-03", "Tomato", "Fruits and
Vegetables");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Rice cakes", "Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Graham crackers", "Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15",
"Toothpaste", NULL);
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Flour",
"Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15",
"Yeast", "Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Popcorn",
"Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Eggs",
NULL);
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Milk", "Dairy");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Bananas", "Fruits and
Vegetables"); insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-15", "Frozen waffles",
NULL);
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-23", "Mayo",
"Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-23", "Flour",
"Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-23", "Milk",
"Dairy");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-23", "Roasted Chicken", "Meat and Fish");
insert into grocery_list values("2020-12-23", "Chocolate chip cookies", "Pantry");
insert into grocery_list values ("2020-12-23",
"Yogurt", "Dairy");
insert into grocery_list
values("2020-12-23","Soda",NULL);
select * from grocery_list where item_category is null;
select *
from grocery_list
where item_category like 'Fruit%';

select * from grocery_visit where date between '2020-12-01' and '2020-12-15';

select count(*) as total_visits
, min(time_spent_min) as shortest_visit
, avg(time_spent_min) as average_visit
, max(time_spent_min) as
longest_visit from
grocery_visit;

Cross join:

select *
from grocery_visit
cross join dept_store_visit
and dept_store_visit.amount_spent > 15;

RESULT:
Thus the E-mart Grocery Shop is successfully designed.