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Handout-2-CP2

The document provides an overview of variables in Python, explaining how to create them, their types, and naming conventions. It covers concepts such as casting, retrieving variable types, and the distinction between global and local variables. Additionally, it discusses methods for assigning values to multiple variables and best practices for outputting variables using the print() function.

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2 views4 pages

Handout-2-CP2

The document provides an overview of variables in Python, explaining how to create them, their types, and naming conventions. It covers concepts such as casting, retrieving variable types, and the distinction between global and local variables. Additionally, it discusses methods for assigning values to multiple variables and best practices for outputting variables using the print() function.

Uploaded by

jacamadenzryzza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Variables

Variables are containers for storing data values.

Creating Variables
Python has no command for declaring a variable.
A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
Example:
x=5
y = "John"
print(x)
print(y)
Variables do not need to be declared with any type and can even change type
after they have been set.
Example:
x = 4 # x is of type int
x = "Sally" # x is now of type str
print(x)

Casting
If you want to specify the data type of a variable, this can be done with
casting. Example:
x = str(3) # x will be '3'
y = int(3) # y will be 3
z = float(3) # z will be 3.0

Get the Type


You can get the data type of a variable with the type() function.
Example:
x=5
y = "John"
print(type(x))
print(type(y))

Single or Double Quotes?


String variables can be declared either by using single or double
quotes: Example:
x = "John"
# is the same as
x = 'John'
Case-Sensitive
Variable names are case-sensitive.

Variable Names
A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age,
carname, total volume). Rules for Python variables:

•A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character

•A variable name cannot start with a number

•A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-
z, 0-9, and _ )

• Variable names are case-sensitive (age, Age and AGE are three different

variables) • A variable name cannot be any of the Python keywords.

Multi Words Variable Names


Variable names with more than one word can be difficult to read.
There are several techniques you can use to make them more readable:
1. Camel Case
Each word, except the first, starts with a capital letter.

2. Pascal Case
Each word starts with a capital letter.

3. Snake Case
Each word is separated by an underscore character.

Many Values to Multiple Variables


Python allows you to assign values to multiple variables in one line:
Example:
x, y, z = "Orange", "Banana", "Cherry"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
One Value to Multiple Variables
And you can assign the same value to multiple variables in one
line: Example:
x = y = z = "Orange"
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)
Unpack a Collection
If you have a collection of values in a list, tuple etc. Python allows you to extract
the values into variables. This is called unpacking.
Example:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
x, y, z = fruits
print(x)
print(y)
print(z)

Output Variables

• The Python print() function is often used to output variables.

• In the print() function, you output multiple variables, separated by a

comma. • You can also use the + operator to output multiple variables.

• For numbers, the + character works as a mathematical operator

• In the print() function, when you try to combine a string and a number
with the + operator, Python will give you an error.
• The best way to output multiple variables in the print() function is to separate
them with commas, which even support different data types.

Global Variables
Variables that are created outside of a function (as in all of the examples in
the previous pages) are known as global variables.
Global variables can be used by everyone, both inside of functions and
outside. Example
x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
print("Python is " + x)

myfunc()

If you create a variable with the same name inside a function, this variable will
be local, and can only be used inside the function. The global variable with
the same name will remain as it was, global and with the original value.
Example:
x = "awesome"
def myfunc():
x = "fantastic"
print("Python is " + x)
myfunc()
print("Python is " + x)
The global Keyword
Normally, when you create a variable inside a function, that variable is local,
and can only be used inside that function.
To create a global variable inside a function, you can use the global
keyword. Example:
def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"

myfunc()

print("Python is " + x)

Also, use the global keyword if you want to change a global variable
inside a function.
Example:
x = "awesome"

def myfunc():
global x
x = "fantastic"

myfunc()

print("Python is " + x)

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