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labrep 3 Reflection of Solvent for Recrystallization

The document discusses the solubility behavior of benzoic acid in water at different temperatures, highlighting that it is insoluble at room temperature but forms crystals when cooled after being heated. The recrystallization process yielded a 59% recovery of purified benzoic acid, indicating successful impurity removal but some loss during the procedure. Melting point determinations of both crude and recrystallized benzoic acid showed inconsistencies due to impurities, with the recrystallized product demonstrating higher purity based on closer melting point readings to the expected range.

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4 views

labrep 3 Reflection of Solvent for Recrystallization

The document discusses the solubility behavior of benzoic acid in water at different temperatures, highlighting that it is insoluble at room temperature but forms crystals when cooled after being heated. The recrystallization process yielded a 59% recovery of purified benzoic acid, indicating successful impurity removal but some loss during the procedure. Melting point determinations of both crude and recrystallized benzoic acid showed inconsistencies due to impurities, with the recrystallized product demonstrating higher purity based on closer melting point readings to the expected range.

Uploaded by

23-1-00357
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© © All Rights Reserved
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A.

Reflection of Solvent for Recrystallization

Solvents Room Temperature Higher Temperature


H20 Benzoic Acid is not soluble Forms crystals after removing
from water bath

Benzoic acid shows distinct solubility behavior in water depending on the temperature. At room
temperature, it is not soluble, indicating that water, being a polar solvent, is unable to dissolve
the relatively non-polar benzoic acid. However, when heated in a water bath, the solubility
increases due to the rise in kinetic energy, allowing water molecules to better interact with the
benzoic acid. Once removed from the heat, as the solution cools, benzoic acid precipitates out in
the form of crystals, signifying a decrease in solubility at lower temperatures. This crystallization
is typical of substances with increased solubility at higher temperatures.

B. Recrystallization
Weight of Impure Benzoic Acid = 2 grams
Weight of recrystallized benzoic acid= 1.18g

Solution

Percent recovery = 59%

The recrystallization process of benzoic acid yielded 1.18 grams of purified product from an
initial 2 grams of impure benzoic acid, resulting in a percent recovery of 59%. This suggests that
a significant portion of the initial weight consisted of impurities that were removed during the
process. While the recovery rate indicates a successful purification, the moderate yield also
implies that some benzoic acid may have been lost during the procedure, possibly through
filtration or incomplete crystallization. Overall, the result is typical for recrystallization, balancing
the removal of impurities with a reasonable recovery of the target compound.

C. Melting Point Determination of Crude Benzoic Acid

Trial Temperature of Oil


1 120C
2 130C
3 120C
Average 123C
The melting point determination of crude benzoic acid was carried out using an oil bath, with impure,
crushed benzoic acid placed in a glass capillary tube attached to a thermometer. The melting point was
tested in three trials, with recorded temperatures of 120°C in both the first and third trials, and 130°C in
the second trial. These results suggest some inconsistency, likely due to impurities in the benzoic acid or
slight variations in the oil bath temperature. The recorded temperatures are lower than the expected
melting point of pure benzoic acid (122–123°C), further indicating the presence of impurities, which
typically depress and broaden the melting point range. The second trial’s higher reading may be
attributed to measurement inconsistencies or uneven heating.

D. Melting Point of Recrystallized Benzoic Acid

Trial Temperature of Oil


1 121C
2 122C
3 120C
4 116C
Average

The melting point determination of recrystallized benzoic acid was tested in four trials using an
oil bath, with temperatures recorded at 121°C, 122°C, 120°C, and 116°C, respectively. The first
three trials show temperatures close to the expected melting point range of pure benzoic acid
(122–123°C), indicating that the recrystallization process successfully removed most of the
impurities. However, the fourth trial, at 116°C, deviates significantly, which may suggest
procedural inconsistencies, such as uneven heating or improper packing of the sample in the
capillary tube. Overall, the results from trials 1, 2, and 3 confirm a high purity of the
recrystallized benzoic acid, while the fourth trial might reflect experimental error.

Guide Questions:

1. The rate of crystal growth can significantly affect the purity of the recrystallized solution. Slow crystal
growth allows the molecules to arrange themselves more selectively, which leads to the formation of
purer crystals as impurities are excluded. In contrast, rapid crystal growth can trap impurities within the
crystal lattice, resulting in a less pure final product.

2. Washing an impure solid with a cold solvent is less effective than recrystallization for removing soluble
impurities because it only removes surface impurities. Recrystallization, on the other hand, dissolves the
entire solid in a hot solvent and allows for the formation of purer crystals as the solution cools, which
enables soluble impurities to remain in the solvent while the purified substance crystallizes out.

3. Suction filtration is used to isolate the final product in recrystallization because it is much faster and
more efficient at removing residual solvent from the crystals. Gravity filtration is slower and may not
effectively remove all the solvent, which can leave the crystals wet and affect their purity.

4. A fluted filter is used for hot filtrations to increase the surface area of the filter paper, which allows for
faster filtration and reduces the chance of premature cooling and crystallization within the filter. This
ensures that the solution remains hot and the dissolved substance does not start to crystallize before
passing through the filter.
5. a narrow, long-stem funnel in the filtration of a hot solution can cause the solution to cool down as it
passes through the stem. This cooling can lead to premature crystallization within the funnel, which can
clog the stem and interrupt the filtration process, making it inefficient. A short-stem funnel is preferable
to prevent this issue.

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