21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World

CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

Quarter 1
Module 2: 21st Century Literary Genres

POETRY- is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and rhythmic
language choices to evoke an emotional response.
DRAMA- is a composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a story involving
conflict more contrast of character, especially on intended to be acted on a stage: a play.
FICTION- is literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it may be based on
a true story or situation.
NON-FICTION- is based on facts and the author’s opinion about a subject.

21st Century Literature Genres

ILLUSTRATED NOVEL
• Story through text and illustrated images
• 50% of the narrative is presented without words
• The reader must interpret the images to comprehend the story completely.
• Textual portions are presented in traditional form.
• Some illustrated novels may contain no text at all.
• Span all genres.
• Examples include The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick and The Arrival by Shaun
Tan.
DIGI-FICTION
• Triple Media Literature
• Combines three media: book, movie/video and internet website
To get the full story, students must engage in navigation, reading, and viewing in all three
forms.
• Patrick Carman’s Skeleton Creek and Anthony Zuiker’s Level 26 are examples.
GRAPHIC NOVEL
• Narrative in comic book formats
• Narrative work in which the story is conveyed to the reader using a comic form.
• The term is employed in broadly manner, encompassing non-fiction works and thematically
linked short stories as well as fictional stories across a number of genres.
• Archie Comics by John Goldwater and illustrator, Bob Montana, is a good example.
MANGA
• Japanese word for comics
• It is used in the English-speaking world as a generic term for all comic books and graphic
novels originally published in Japan.
• Considered as an artistic and storytelling style.
• Ameri-manga- sometimes used to refer to comics created by American artists in manga style.
• Shonen- Boy’s Manga (Naruto, Bleach, One Piece)
• Shojo- Girl’s Manga (Sailormoon)
• Seinen- Men’s Manga (Akira)
• Josei- Women’s Manga (Loveless, Paradise Kiss)
• Kodomo- Children’s Manga (Doraemon, Hello Kitty)
DOODLE FICTION
• Literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle writing, drawings and handwritten
graphics in place of the traditional font.
• Drawing enhances the story, often adding humorous elements
• Examples include The Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney and Timmy Failure by Stephan
Pastis.
TEXT-TALK NOVELS
• Blogs, email and IM format narratives
• Stories told almost entirely in dialogue simulating social network exchanges.
CHICK LIT or CHICK LITERATURE
• Is genre fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and
lightheartedly.
• Chick Lit typically features a female protagonist whose femininity is heavily thermalizing in the
plot.
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

• Scarlet Bailey’s The night before Christmas and Miranda Dickinson’s It started with a Kiss are
examples of this.
FLASH FICTION
• Is a style of fictional literature of extreme brevity
• There is no widely accepted definition of the length and category. It could range from word to
a thousand.
SIX-WORD FLASH FICTION
• Ernest Hemingway: For sale: baby socks, never worn.
• Margaret Atwood: Longed for him. Got him, Shit.
CREATIVE NON-FICTION
• Also known as literary non-fiction or narrative non-fiction
• A genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate
narratives.
• Contrasts with other non-fiction, such as technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in
accurate fact, but is not primarily written in service to its craft.
• As a genre, creative non-fiction is still relatively young and is only beginning to be scrutinized
with the same critical analysis given to fiction and poetry.
• 1000 Gifts by Ann Voscamp and Wind, Sand, and Stars by Antoine de Saint-Exupery are
examples.
SCIENCE FICTION
• Is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science
and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, a parallel universe and extra-
terrestrial life.
• Often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations and has been
called a “literature of ideas”.
• Examples include Suzanne Collins’ Mockingjay and Sarah Maas’ Kingdom of Ash.
BLOG
• A weblog, a website containing short articles called posts that are changed regularly.
• Some blogs are written by one person containing his or her own opinions, interests and
experiences, while others are written by different people.
HYPER POETRY
• Digital poetry that uses links and hypertext mark-up
• It can either involved set words, phrases, lines, etc. that are presented in variable order but sit
on the page much as traditional poetry does, or it can contain parts of the poem that move and
transform.
• It is usually found online, through CD-ROM and diskette versions exist. The earliest examples
date to no later than the mid-1980’s.

Module 3: Context and Text’s Meaning

Imagery is creating a picture in the reader's mind by using words that appeal to the senses.

There are types of Imagery (Menoy 2016))

• Visual imagery produced using words that appeal to the sense of sight.
• Auditory Imagery produced using words that appeal to the sense of hearing.
• Kinesthetic imagery produced using words that appeal to the actions and movement.

Literary Techniques are methods the author or writer of a literary piece used to convey what they
want to impart to the reader, such as Flashback where the events have taken place before the
present time the narration is following.

Module 4: Multimedia Formats in Interpreting Literary Text

Multimedia as computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and moving images
(video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of information can be represented,
stored, transmitted, and processed digitally.

Blog or a “weblog” is a website containing informational articles about a person’s own opinions,
interests, and experiences.

Mind mapping is a graphical technique to visualize connections of ideas and pieces of information.
Mobile phone text tula is a traditional Filipino poem.
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

Slideshow presentation is created with the use of Microsoft PowerPoint.

Tag cloud is a visual, stylized arrangement of words or tags within a textual content such as websites,
articles, speeches, and databases (Techopedia 2020).
Video is an electronic device used to record, copy, playback, broadcast, and display moving visual
media (Lexico 2020)

Applying ICT Skills in Interpreting Literary Texts

An anecdote is a short entertaining or interesting story about a real incident or person (Nagpal 2016).
1. To Bring Cheer
2. To Reminisce
3. To Caution
4. To Persuade or Inspire
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

Module 2: 21st Century Literary Genres

21st Century Literature

21st Century Literature refers to new literary work created within the last decade.
Meaning the year today less than 10 years. It is written by contemporary authors
which may deal with current themes/ issues and reflects a technological culture. It
often breaks traditional writing rules. So, you can write anything you want to, no
restrictions in style, in language. New writers from the millennials or even genz are in.
Are you one of them? Are you a 21 st century reader? Okay, so, let’s find out through
this checklist.

 A 21st Century Reader grew up using technology as a primary learning tool.

 Grew up capable of navigating and interpreting digital formats and media
messages. Technology as a primary learning tool.
 He also possesses literacy skills, which include technological abilities such as
keyboarding, internet navigation, interpretation of technological speak, ability to
communicate and interpret coded language and decipher graphics.
If this all checklist ay meron ka you are a 21 st century reader. Now if you are a 21st
century reader.

POETRY- is an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning,

sound, and rhythmic language choices to evoke an emotional response. It has been
known to employ meter and rhyme. The very nature of poetry as an authentic and individual
mode of expression makes it nearly impossible to define.
DRAMA- is a composition in prose or verse presenting in dialogue or pantomime a
story involving conflict more contrast of character, especially on intended to be acted
on a stage: a play. It may be any situation or series of events having vivid, emotional,
conflicting, or striking interest.
FICTION- is literature created from the imagination, not presented as fact, though it
may be based on a true story or situation. Types of literature in the fiction include the
novel, short story and novella.
NON-FICTION- is based on facts and the author’s opinion about a subject . The
purpose of non-fiction writing is to inform and sometimes to persuade. Its examples
are biographies, articles from textbooks and magazines and newspapers.

21st Century Literature Genres

1. ILLUSTRATED NOVEL-From the word Illustrated, punong puno ng illustrations.
In fact it has about 50% to 100% illustrations or drawings doon sa kwentong
binabasa mo. Therefore, the reader must interpret the story based upon the
illustrations na nandoon, and it may contain all genres, pwede siyang horror,
fairytale, pwede siyang love story, pwede siya sa lahat. Examples of Illustrated
Novels are The Invention of Hugo Cabret by Brian Selznick and The
Arrival by Shaun Tan.
2. DIGI-FICTION - Anu na naman ang Digi-Fiction, this is often called
the triple media literature, bakit triple? Kasi gumagamit siya ng
tatlong forms. Mayron siyang books, movie or video at mayroon
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

siyang website. Now to get the full story , the students or the
readers must engage themselvesin these three. So, mayron kang
babasahin na book, panonourin na video or movie, tapos mayroon
ka ring pupuntahang website para masundan mo yong flow ng story.
An example of this is Patrick Carman’s Skeleton Creek and Anthony Zuiker’s
Level 26. So ang Digi-Fiction ay very interactive.
3. GRAPHIC NOVEL -is simply comics or yong mga kwento in comic formats, we
know how comics look like, mayroon siyang mga panels, so, divided siya na
parang mga boxes, at yong mga sinasabi ng characters natin na nakadrawing at
nakalagay sa mga balons. An examples of this is Archie Comics by John
Goldwater and illustrator, Bob Montana. Syempre yong mga kwento
ng marvels ay isa ding halmibawa ng graphic novel. Yong mga
kwento nila Thor, Iron Man, Captain America and black widow yan
din ay galing din sa comics. Part sila ng graphic comics.
4. Manga- is laso a graphic novel din or comics din pero from Japan. So, the word
manga is being used in the English speaking world as a term all comics na nang
gagaling sa Japan. So what is the difference ng manga sa comics or sa graphic
novel na mayroon tayo.? Eto ay yong pagkakasunod ng panel. Diba when we
write sa ating writing system, nagsisimula tayo from left to right, pero pag
dating sa manga ang pagsulat naman natin ay from right to left. Yong ang pinag
ka iba.now we also have the term Ameri-manga- comics created by American
artists in manga style. Eto naman ay isinusulat ng mga American artist using
the Japanese comic book format. Examples are Shonen or voice manga like
Naruto, bleach and one piece. Shojo or girls manga like sailormoon, seinen or
men’s manga like Akira, Josie or women’s manga like Loveless and paradise
kiss. Syempre hindi naman magpapahuli ang kodomo or children manga like
doeremon and hello kitty.
5. DOODLE FICTION- this is a literary presentationin which the author
incorporates doodles or handwritings doon mismo sa kwento, these drawings or
these doodles enhance the story and they often add humorous elements to the
story itself. An example is The Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney and
Timmy Failure by Stephan Pastis.
6. TEXT-TALK NOVELS -eto naman yong from the word text-talk nabubuo yong
kwento gamit lang yong exchange messages ng mga character natin. Pweding
sa social media, pwedeng nag chachat sila or di kaya pwding text messages din,
basta using this exchange conversations nakakabuo ka ng kwento, this may
include blogs,or emails or I’M s or instant messages. The perfect example of
these is yong Vince, kath and James na kwento natin, so kung titingnan Ninyo
yong book non makikita Ninyo na puro lang text messages or chat messeges
lang siya ng mga characters and using those makukuha mo kung ano yong
tinatakbo ng kwento.
7. CHICK LIT or CHICK LITERATURE-this is about a modern womanhood
but the issues here are catered in a very light-hearted ot humorous manner.
Chic lit. often features a women protagonist whose feminity has a thermalizing
effect to the story. An examples is Scarlet Bailey’s The night before
Christmas and Miranda Dickinson’s It started with a KissScarlet
Bailey’s The night before Christmas and Miranda Dickinson’s It
started with a Kiss.
8. FLASH FICTION-pagsinabi nating flash siya ay mabilis, so ang flash fiction is a
story of extreme brevity or sobrang iksi. And for its category ay walang pang
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

malinaw na definition like others may say it should just be about a hundred
words or yong iba sabi pwede daw 1000 words or 500 words. So, walang pang
napagkakasunduan na category para pumasok ang isang kwento sa flash
fiction.but one thing is for sure it must be shorter than a short story. And
speaking of the flash fiction mayroon din tayong tinatawag na
9. SIX-WORD FLASH FICTION- so, obviously sabi dito, since six-word dapat
makapagbigay ka ng kwento or idea an that’s very challenging. Now we have a
very good examples here Ernest Hemingway: For sale: baby socks,
never worn. Now using six-words nakapagkwento na siya na
mayroon siyang baby shoes na never na naisuot. So pwd kana
ngayon magkaroon ng idea na hindi natuloy ang baby or hindi
naipanganak or hindi talaga nagbuntis yong babae . so, using six-
word ngkaroon kna ng kwento. Another example is Margaret
Atwood: Longed for him. Got him, Shit. Sorry for this word hehe pero
eto yong nahanap ko na example from margaret atwood using six-
word nakuha nating yong kwento na meron siyang pinangarap na
lalaki, tapos nakuha niya ang lalaki kaya lang ngkahiwalay ata sila
because of the words S H I T. That word maybe interpreted in
different ways din, baka din nasabi niya yon sa sobrang saya. Kaya
nga dba sabi doon sa readers response nag iiba ang meaning
depende sa interpretation.
10. CREATIVE NON-FICTION- so mapapansin Ninyo na ngayon ko lang
sinabi yong non-fiction so lahat ay fiction . so pagsinabi nating creative non
fiction totoo siya, factual but you delivering the story in a creative manner. So,
in contrast to other non-fictionwritings like technical writings na abwal gumamit
ng literary devices or literary techniques pagdating sa creative non-fiction,
nagkukwento ka ng totoo pro gumagamit ka ng mga creative means or race
para maideliver yong story and still observing the truthfulness of the story,
wala kang babaguhin gagawin mu lang siyang creative. Now this genre is
relatively young , masyado pa siyang bago, madami pa tayong pwding
madiscover pagdating sa genre. An example is 1000 Gifts by Ann
Voscamp and Wind, Sand, and Stars by Antoine de Saint-Exupery.
11. SCIENCE FICTION- it is one of my favorite genre, ito yong tinatawag
nating sci-fi. This is a genre of speculative fiction with imaginative futuristic
science and technology in a vry advanced and in a way na nagbibigay siya sa
atin ng cautions when it comes to our discoveries, kasi doon natin nakikita sa
kwento kung ano ang pweding mangyari sa ating scienece and technology. It
has a lot of space travelling, time travelling, faster than light travelling, a
parallel universe or multiuniverse, aliens. Other exsmples Suzanne Collins’
Mockingjay and Sarah Maas’ Kingdom of Ash.
12. BLOG- with letter B. mayron kasi tayo yong Vlog- V stands for? Video. Yon
yong napapanood natin sa you tube or sa iba pang website. Pero pag sinabi
nating BLOG-it is a website with posts tungkol sa iba’t ibang topics. And often
times mayroon siyang pictures. So pagsinabi nating Blog-it maybe a written by
one person about his/her experiences or opinions about a certain topics or
pwede din yong iba’t ibang tao yong ng contributes sa isang book.
13. example is Mashable by Pete Cashmore.
14. HYPER POETRY- it is also called cyberpoetry. Because it always
produced and prrsented with the computer. eto ay parang tula pero hyper siya,
kasi gumagamit siya ng hyper text or hyper text mark-ups.that can either
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

include sets of words, or phrases not arranged in a traditional format but some
of them maybe clickable. Na pag pinindot mu ay me lalabas pa na something,
pwedeng dadalhin ka sa bagong websites, na mageexplain nong word na yon
or panibagong poem na may kinalaman doon sa word na yon. Or sometimes
mgtransform yong poem pag mayroon kang pinindot. Now this one started in
1980. So may mga disk or CD’S version nito that usually we can find online.

Module 3: Context and Text’s Meaning

Imagery is creating a picture in the reader's mind by using words that appeal to the
senses.

There are types of Imagery (Menoy 2016))

• Visual imagery produced using words that appeal to the sense of sight.
• Auditory Imagery produced using words that appeal to the sense of hearing.
• Kinesthetic imagery produced using words that appeal to the actions and
movement.

Literary Techniques are methods the author or writer of a literary piece used to
convey what they want to impart to the reader, such as Flashback where the events
have taken place before the present time the narration is following.

Module 4: Multimedia Formats in Interpreting Literary Text

Multimedia as computer-controlled integration of text, graphics, drawings, still and

moving images (video), animation, audio, and any other media where every type of
information can be represented, stored, transmitted, and processed digitally.

Blog or a “weblog” is a website containing informational articles about a person’s

own opinions, interests, and experiences.

Mind mapping is a graphical technique to visualize connections of ideas and pieces

of information.
Mobile phone text tula is a traditional Filipino poem.
Slideshow presentation is created with the use of Microsoft PowerPoint.
Tag cloud is a visual, stylized arrangement of words or tags within a textual content
such as websites, articles, speeches, and databases (Techopedia 2020).
Video is an electronic device used to record, copy, playback, broadcast, and display
moving visual media (Lexico 2020)

Applying ICT Skills in Interpreting Literary Texts

An anecdote is a short entertaining or interesting story about a real incident or
person (Nagpal 2016).
5. To Bring Cheer
6. To Reminisce
7. To Caution
8. To Persuade or Inspire
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

1. It is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts

such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel,
faster than light travel, a parallel universe and extra-terrestrial life.
c. Science Fiction
2. Refers an imaginative awareness of experience expressed through meaning, sound, and
rhythmic language choices to evoke an emotional response
a. Digi-Fiction
3. A Literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle writing and drawings and
handwritten graphics in place of the traditional font
Spanish Period
b. Doodle Fiction
4. Stories told almost entirely in dialogue, simulating social network exchanges.
d. Text-Talk Novel
5. It is a genre fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and
lightheartedly.
a. Chick Lit
6. It is a website that contains short articles posted and changed
regularly.
a. Blog
7. Digital literature that uses links and includes parts that move or mutate.
c. Hyper Poetry
8. It is a comic book or book series published in Japan.
d. Manga
9. Stories characterized by their brevity. It could range from a word to a thousand.
b. Flash Fiction
10. Narrative work in which a story is told using a comic form.
c. Graphic Novel
11. 39 Clues book series by Scholastic, where stories are told using the combination of book,
video, and website, is an example of this literary genre.
a. Digi-Fiction
12. Mashable by Pete Cashmore, where feature stories around the world are posted and
updated, is an example of this literary genre.
a. Blog
13. A story that develops through a screenshot of SMS conversation like Vince and Kath by
Jenny Ruth Almocera is an example of this literary genre.
d. Text-Talk Novel
14. A story that uses literary techniques to create accurate narratives like travel and nature
stories in Robert Macfarlane’s The Wild Places is an example of this literary genre.
d. Creative Non-Fiction
15. The Hunger Games series that explores dystopian or postapocalyptic themes is an
example of this literary genre.
c. Science Fiction
 21 st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
CRISTI, RIZALYN C.

Activity 2. Thinker’s View Directions: Given below is a sample of a Filipino Folktale in the Pre-
Spanish Period. Answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the concern of the moon regarding his stars?

2. Why does the moon anger the sun?
3. What phenomenon is described in the Filipino Folktale?

THE SUN AND THE MOON (Tingguian folk tale)

In the olden days, like the moon, the sun had also star children which were yellowish in
color, very bright and very hot. The star children of the moon, however, were reddish and
cool. That moon was scared that his stars would wither and die if they play with the star
children of the sun. The moon suggested to the sun that they kill their children who were
crowding the heavens with their number. When the sun had killed her children, the moon
merely hid behind the clouds. In the evening, when the clouds faded, the moon stars
appeared. This angered the sun, so he gave chase to the moon. Thus, when he overtakes
the moon, we have the so-called eclipse. Every morning, the sun kills the moon stars that
he catches. Until now, this chase continues and because the moon continues…

Activity 3.

Gabu by Carlos A. Angeles

The battering restlessness of the sea Insists a tidal fury upon the beach At Gabu, and its
pure consistency Havos the wasteland hard within its reach. Brutal the daylong bashing of
its heart Against the seascape where, for miles around, farther than sight itself, the rock-
stones part and drop into the elemental wound. The waste of centuries is grey and dead.
And neutral where the sea has breached its brine, Where the spilt salt of its heart lies
spread Among the dark habiliments of Time. The vital splendor misses. For here, here At
Gabu where the ageless tide recurs All things forfeited are most loved and dear. It is the
sea pursues a habit of shores.

1. What image does the poem, Gabu, try to create?

2. Which word or group of words from the poem help you form this image? Draw this in a
bond paper.