I. Choose the correct answer.

1. What did Hitler aim to create when he came to power in 1933?

(a) A democratic Germany
(b) A thousand-year Reich
(c) A union with Austria
(d) A peaceful Europe

2. What did the supporters of Hitler hope to achieve by helping

him become Chancellor?
(a) Establish a dictatorship
(b) Strengthen the government and solve economic problems, then
remove him
(c) Promote communism in Germany
(d) Annex Austria

3. What advantage did Hitler use to ensure the Nazis gained

power during the election campaign?
(a) Free and fair elections
(b) Equal representation for all parties
(c) Censorship of hostile newspapers and violence against opponents
(d) Strong alliances with other political parties

4. Who did Hitler blame for the Reichstag fire?

(a) Socialists
(b) Communists
(c) Conservatives
(d) Liberals

5. Why was Ernst Röhm dissatisfied with Hitler's government?

(a) He wanted more social reforms.
(b) He opposed the Nazi ideology.

(c) He wanted Germany to form an alliance with the Soviet Union.

(d) He was not appointed as Chancellor.
6. What was the role of the Gestapo during Nazi rule?
(a) To oversee concentration camps
(b) To maintain diplomatic relations
(c) To manage the economy
(d) To enforce Nazi ideology and suppress opponents

7. What action did Hitler take at the disarmament conference in

1933?
(a) He proposed worldwide disarmament.
(b) He supported the conference's goals.
(c) He pulled Germany out of the conference.
(d) He agreed to maintain Germany’s small armed forces.

8. What did the people of the Saar coalfield vote for in 1935?

(a) To remain under the League of Nations

(b) To join France

(c) To return to Germany

(d) To become independent

9. What does appeasement mean?

(a) Giving way to other countries to avoid conflict and war.

(b) Standing up to aggressive nations to prevent expansion.

(c) Encouraging military action against aggressive nations.

(d) Supporting smaller countries against stronger ones.

10. How did appeasement contribute to Hitler's actions?

(a) It allowed him to freely implement conscription and remilitarise the

Rhineland.

(b) It encouraged him to focus on peaceful negotiations.

(c) It forced him to sign new treaties with Britain and France.

(d) It discouraged him from expanding Germany's territory.

11. Why did Germans find the demilitarisation of the Rhineland
unfair?

(a) It was governed by the League of Nations.

(b) It was rich in resources.

(c) It was controlled by France.

(d) It was part of German territory.

12. Why did Britain avoid conflict in Europe?

(a) Britain was focused on improving relations with France.

(b) Britain was dealing with problems in its overseas empire, like in India
and Palestine.

(c) Britain had signed a non-aggression pact with Germany.

(d) Britain was recovering from an economic depression

13. What was Hitler's goal regarding "Lebensraum"?

(a) To create alliances with Eastern European countries.

(b) To acquire land for German expansion in the east.

(c) To encourage economic cooperation with Eastern European nations.

(d) To build a buffer zone between Germany and the Soviet Union.

14. How did Hitler plan to implement his territorial ambitions in

Eastern Europe?

(a) Through peaceful negotiations with neighbouring countries.

(b) By creating political unions with Eastern European nations.

(c) By threatening or forcing smaller countries to comply with Germany's

demands.

(d) By seeking support from Western European powers to stabilize the

region.
15. Why did Mussolini stop Germany's attempt to take over Austria in
1934?

(a) He wanted to maintain Austria as a neutral state.

(b) He did not want a powerful Germany near the Italian border.

(c) He was allied with Austria at the time.

(d) He feared economic competition from Germany.

16. How did the Austrian population react to the German takeover?

(a) Most Austrians resisted the takeover.

(b) Only Austrian Jews supported the union.

(c) Austrians unanimously opposed the takeover.

(d) Many Austrians welcomed the German takeover.

17. Why did Neville Chamberlain visit Germany in September

1938?
(a) To finalize a peace treaty with Germany.
(b) To avoid conflict by negotiating directly with Hitler.
(c) To form an alliance with Germany against other powers.
(d) To threaten Hitler with military action.

18. What was the "Polish Corridor"?

(a) A neutral zone established between Germany and Poland.

(b) A region given to Poland after World War I that bordered Germany.
(c) A trade route connecting Poland and Danzig.
(d) A militarized zone under League of Nations control.

19. What was the purpose of the first stage of Blitzkrieg?

(a) To negotiate with enemy leaders.
(b) To build alliances with neighboring countries.
(c) To deploy ground forces to the front lines.
(d) To disrupt enemy communications by attacking key targets like roads,
railway stations, and airfields.

20. What happened to British forces in France during the German

attack?
(a) They successfully stopped the German advance.
(b) They advanced into Germany.
(c) They were forced to retreat back to Britain via Dunkirk.
(d) They joined the French forces in surrendering to Germany.

21. Why did Hitler fail to invade Britain?

(a) The Royal Navy blocked the German invasion force.
(b) The Luftwaffe failed to destroy the Royal Air Force.
C. Britain signed a peace agreement with Germany.
D. The German army lacked sufficient manpower.

22. What challenges was Mussolini facing in the Balkans?

(a) The Greek army, with British support, had successfully fought back
against Italy's attack. (b) German forces had invaded Greece.
(c) Mussolini was losing control of Italy's government.
(d) The USSR was supporting Greece in its fight against Mussolini.

23. What role did Britain play in the Balkans conflict?

(a) Britain ignored the conflict between Greece and Italy.
(b) Britain signed a peace treaty with Greece.
(c) Britain allied with Mussolini to fight German forces.
(d) Britain provided support to Greece against the Italian invasion.

24. What factor contributed to the failure of Germany to capture

Moscow or Leningrad in 1941?
(a) Delays caused by Mussolini’s problems in other regions.
(b) The lack of blitzkrieg tactics.
(c) The USSR's immediate surrender.
(d) The unpreparedness of German troops.
25. What was one weakness of Tsar Nicholas II's rule?
(a) He was heavily involved in daily governance.
(b) He traveled extensively to understand his people.
(c) He was disconnected from the realities of his people's lives.
(d) He regularly met with critics and listened to their views.

26. What was the main problem with agriculture in Russia in the
early 1900s?
(a) It was overly industrialized.
(b) It was in desperate need of modernization.
(c) It was flourishing and advanced.
(d) It was focused on crop variety and experimentation.

27. Who were the Social Democrats or Marxists in Russia

primarily supported by?
(a) The peasants
(b) The aristocrats
(c) The clergy
(d) The town workers

28. What did Karl Marx believe would happen after the
revolution?
(a) Private property would be abolished, and everything would belong to
the state.
(b) Power would pass to the middle class, with private property being
maintained.
(c) The aristocracy would remain in power but serve the people.
(d) The economy would stay capitalist, but the working class would be
more involved.

29. What was the purpose of the march to the Winter Palace on
22 January 1905?
(a) To overthrow the Tsar
(b) To request improved working conditions
(c) To demand an end to World War I
(d) To request the Tsar's reign

30. What were the immediate consequences of Bloody Sunday?

(a) The Tsar regained full control over Russia.
(b) The Russian people supported the Tsar more strongly.
(c) The revolutionaries successfully overthrew the Tsar.
(d) Strikes and violence broke out across Russia.

II. Answer ‘True’ or ‘False’.

1. Children were encouraged to be loyal to their Fuhrer and to put

Germany before everything else.
2. Many non-Jewish people were arrested, beaten up and forced out
their jobs during the Nazi rule.

3. ‘The Final Solution’ took away all the rights of the Jews as citizens.
4. All German Christians thought Nazism was the opposite of
Christianity and they condemned it as the enemy of their faith.

5. As Pastor Martin Niemoeller formed the Confessional Church and

opposed many aspects of Nazism, he was sent to concentration
camp.
6. Hitler was successful in reducing the number of unemployed when
he introduced the programme of road building.
7. The first territory that Hitler was able to regain for Germany which
was the area of Saar coalfield in the east of Germany.
8. Hitler did not ask permission from the other countries and he
ordered his German troops to go in the Rhineland.
9. Britain and France did not do anything when Hitler brought back
conscription.
10. Politicians in Britain and France disliked communism much
more than they liked Nazism.
11. After 1919, soldiers serving in the German armed forces had
to be volunteers but had to serve for a short period of time.

12. The British government did not want conflict in Europe as they
had the troubles in Africa.
13. When Hitler grew the power during 1933-37, he was
particularly interested in gaining the land to the west as many
Germans were living there.
14. To avoid the conflict, Neville Chamberlain made three visits to
Germany and his first visit was in Godesberg, in the Rhineland,
western Germany.
15. Munich conference was held at the suggestion of Mussolini
and consists of Britain, France, Germany and Italy.
16. Due to nazi-Soviet pact, Poland would be divided in between
Germany and USSR.

17. The German invasion of Sudetenland in March 1939,

convinced Britain and France that Hitler could not be trusted.

18. Britain gave four hours to agree to withdraw all German troops
from Poland.

19. In World War II, heavy fighting took place on three continents
-Europe, Africa and Australia.
20. Poland was conquered by Germany in less than a month.
21. In the first stage of Blitzkrieg, dive-bombers drop from the sky
to take control of key positions.
22. In April 1940, Hitler launched an attack on western Europe
and he aimed to knock Britain and France out of the war.
 23. German rule throughout Europe was harsh as Hitler’s only
thought was how to use the resources and workers of these
countries for Germany’s benefit.
24. With Soviet forces, pouring into Germany from the west and
the British and US forces from the east, Hitler finally realised that he
had lost the war.
25. The Liberals was educated Russians and they wanted an
elected parliament to help Tsar run the country.
26. Many Bolsheviks were willing to work with the Provisional
Government for the time being and made no effort to get rid of it.
27. February Revolution was the world’s first communist
revolution and it was carefully planned.
28. The Provisional Government had little choice but to surrender
when the Winter Palace was surrounded by the Red Guards.
29. In December 1917, Lenin set up the ‘Çheka’ to spy on the
people who worked in factories and villages all over Russia.
30. Lenin set up forty republics in Russia and changed the nation’s
name to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or Soviet Union.

III. Complete the passage with the given words.

resistance expansion civilians eliminate

occupation vital Vichy government

nations

extermination labor

German occupation of Europe

In general, German rule in Eastern Europe was much harsher than in

Western Europe. Hitler had long wanted to expand east into what he
called Lebensraum, as Germany’s Aryan population grew. This
____(1)____would be at the expense of the inferior Poles and Slavs of
the East. Therefore, the German conquest of Eastern Europe was
undertaken to expand Germany itself and in order to ____(2)____ the
Nazis’ racial enemies.

In contrast, the conquest of Western Europe, as well as that of

Denmark and Norway to the North, was completed for strategic
reasons: to gain ____(3)____war resources and to pre-empt a French
invasion of Germany. Western Europeans were not viewed as racially
inferior and there was no long-term plan to absorb these ____(4)____
into Germany, but rather to keep them weak and dependent on an
enlarged Germany.

As such, German rule in Western Europe largely focussed on keeping

order and on the ____(5)____of European Jews as part of the Final
Solution. Southern France was even allowed to govern itself from the
town of Vichy under Marshal Petain until 1944, when Italy invaded.
However, the ____(6)____ in southern France were no more than Nazi
puppets that would do as Hitler wanted. In Paris, artists and
intellectuals like Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso and Jean-Paul Sartre were
able to go on working virtually unaffected by the Nazi ____(7)____.

However, in Eastern Europe Nazi rule was brutal. In Poland, Ukraine

and the Baltic States the local populations were forcibly resettled to
make way for Germans, used as forced ____(8)____or killed. In 1940,
Hitler ordered that the Polish intelligentsia – politicians, academics,
priests – be wiped out, in order to prevent a ____(9)____ movement
developing. Poles were forced to survive on starvation rations as
Poland’s food was confiscated for German soldiers and ____(10)____
Around 6 million Poles, or 18 per cent of the country’s population, were
killed during the war. The Poles were considered below the Aryan
German people in Nazi racial ideology.

1. ___________________ 6. ___________________

2. ___________________ 7. ___________________

3. ___________________ 8. ___________________
4. ___________________ 9. ___________________

5. ___________________ 10. ___________________