02–

 
 
 

The impact of competition structure in the industrial sector on improving

product quality- Case study: Mobile phone service for the customer Ooredoo -
Algeria
 

( 1)
‫ﳐﺘﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ‬.‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ‬.‫ﺃ‬
(‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ ﻗﺴﻢ )ﺃ‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ ﺑﺴﻜﺮﺓ‬- ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﻴﻀﺮ‬
[email protected] [email protected]

2018/09/03 :‫؛ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ‬2018/08/12 :‫؛ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ‬2018/07/23 : ‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻼﻡ‬

‫ﻑ ﻣﺴﺘﻘ ﹰ‬‫ ﻭﻛﻞﹲ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﺼﺮ‬،‫ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻌﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬‫ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻳﻨﻄﻮﻱ ﲢﺘﻪ ﻋﺪﺩ‬:‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻼ‬
،‫ ﻓﻬﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬،‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﲝﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﻄﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﺿﺎ‬
،‫ ﻭﻣﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﲟﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ‬،‫ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﳎﱪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻀﻲ ﻗﺪﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ‬
-‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺯﻱ‬-‫ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﲔ ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ‬
.‫ﺍﻭﺭﺍﺻﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻡ‬
.‫ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ‬،‫ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‬،‫ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬

Z13 A13 ‫ ؛‬A13 : JEL ‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬

Abstract:
Market frame is considered as a system of economical relations covers a
number of sellers and buyers, where all move independently to maximize
profits. So its the tool that controls prices and quality. Market frame plays an
essential role in industrial sectors also. So that it imposes organization to
improve the quality of their supplies. OOREDOO has joined the mobile sector
of Algeria where Oligopoly created an atmosphere of rivalry, In this context, It
moved forward to work on its quality and exploring GSM in Algeria as better
as possible as response of the competition that it found and forced by the rest
of players Mobilis-ATM and Djezzy-OTA.
Key words: Competition frame, New products quality, OOREDOO.

Jel Classification Codes : A13 ‫ ؛‬Z13 A13

[email protected] ‫ ﻳﺎﺳﲔ ﺑﻮﺑﻜﺮ‬:

1

2018
86 
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﲤﻬﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ)ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﻮﲬﺨﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻬﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻮﻣﻌﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ ،(.10‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻭﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺨﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﺣﻆ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﱂ ﻳﻔﺘﺢ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﻭﰎﱠ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻳﻨﺘﺎﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ 2000/03‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 05‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ 2000‬ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ)‪ ، (http://www.djazairess.com/elhiwar/28110‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎﱠ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻔﻠﺖ ﺑﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲪﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻴﲑﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺃﻭﻛﻠﺖ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻴﲔ ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺒﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ،2000/03‬ﺃﺿﺤﺖ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺟﺴﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .2003‬ﻭﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 01‬ﺟﺎﻧﻔﻲ ‪ 2003‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻻﻧﻄﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ‪‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺗﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﻔﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2003‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻣﺸﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺪﺃﺗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺮﺅﻯ ﻣﻐﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ ﳌﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻫﺪﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻴﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳎﱪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻋﺎﱂ ﻻ ﻳﺮﺣﻢ‬
‫)‪ ،(http://www.algerietelecom.dz/AR/?p=presentation‬ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺷﺮﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻸﻗﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺪﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻴﺰﺓ ﻭﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﺻﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺟﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،2001‬ﰒ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﱵ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ ،2003‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﺼﻮﳍﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟـ‪ GSM‬ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﰎﱠ‬
‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺷﺮﻋﺖ ﰲ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﺘﺪﺧﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺿﺎﺑﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺒﲏ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺒﺲ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﲡﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﰎﱠ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀ‪‬ﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪87‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎﱠ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺑﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 03-2000‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺃﻭﺕ‬
‫‪ 2000‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻩ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺃﻭﺟﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺗﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻬﻢ ﻛﺄﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺇﻗﺼﺎﺀﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻗﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺇﻻ ﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﻭﺗﺒﻨﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﺿﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﲤﻴﺰﺕ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﶈﺴﻮﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﺎﳘﺖ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺟﺪ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2.1‬ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﳝﻜﻜﻨﺎ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻷﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؟‬
‫‪ .3.1‬ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺄﻳﻨﺎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ‪‬ﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ؟؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ؟؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﺛﺮ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲞﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؟‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4.1‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1.4.1‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﺫﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻃﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ؛‬
‫‪ .2.4.1‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ )ﳒﻤﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ( ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﳎﱪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﲝﻜﻢ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ )ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ(‪.‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1.2‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﶈﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺿﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻭﻛﱪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﻃﻤﻮﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﻞﹲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺭﺑﺎﺡ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺎﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﳜﻠﻖ ﺗﺪﺍﻓﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺻﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺗﺞ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺭﺅﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺇﻧﺴﺎﱐ ﻭﳎﺘﻤﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺴﲔ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲢﺪﺙ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺑﺄﺣﺴﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﲢﺖ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻈﱠﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌﺮ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺰﺍﲪﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺗﺮﻣﻲ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﳕﻂ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻋﺜﲔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞﹴ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﱴ ﲢﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﺮﺑﺢ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻗﻴﺔ‪...‬ﺍﱁ(‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻨﺸﺄﺗﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻣﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻌﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻛﺴﺐ ﻭﻻﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻭﺭﺿﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1.1.2‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﳏﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﲟﺠﺮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻔﺘﺎﺣﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﱯ ﻭ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻠﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻴﻞ ﻋﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﲡﺴﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﻝ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺛﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺮ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﳋﻤﺲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺁﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻀﻌﻔﻬﺎ)ﻓﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻏﻮﻝ‪ ،2005 ، ،‬ﺹ ‪.(.70‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪89‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﳛﺪﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ) ﺯﻏﺪﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،2005 ،‬ﺹ ‪(.5‬؛‬
‫‪ .2.1.2‬ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪) :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪ ،2009 ،‬ﺹ ‪(144-143‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ –ﻭﻓﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻌﲔ ﲟﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺎ‪ -‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪،Monopoly‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠـﺔ ‪ ،Oligopoly‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ‪ Competition Monopolistic‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫‪ ،Competition Perfect‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﻯ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜـﺎﺭ ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﹰ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺋﻌﺎﹰ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﺍﹰ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﻷﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻠﻴﻔﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﺇﺫﺍﹰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺳﻠﻌﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﲎ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﲔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﰲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻖ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺘﻜـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠـﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺷﺮﻛﱵ ﻓﺎﺳﺖ ﻟﻴﻨﻚ ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﻮﺑﺎﻳﻠﻜﻢ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳋﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ)ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺷﻔﻴﻖ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،2003 ،‬ﺹ ‪ (.60‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﻣﺜﻼﹰ ﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺰﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﻛﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ‪) The Market leader‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺣﺼﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ() ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ، ،‬ﺹ ‪ ،(.145‬ﻭﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻇﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻌﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﻳﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ(‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻴﺰﺓ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﲤﻴﻴﺰﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴـﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳـﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻠﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻌﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺳﻠﻌﺘﻪ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻭ ﲡﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻌﲔ ﲟﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪90‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻬﻮﺓ ﻛﺜﲑﺍﹰ ﻣﺜﻼ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺠﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﱰﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺎﺋﻢ ‪ Coupons‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻛﺄﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻴﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﺻﺢ ﻟﻼﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻭﺫﻫﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻟﻮ ﰎ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥﱠ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠـﺔ ‪:‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺴﻠﻊ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ )ﺍﻟﻄﺤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺯ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺢ(‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻐﲑ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻫﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻞ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﺹ ‪ ، (.60‬ﻭ ﲟﺎ ﺍﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻓﺮﺹ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳋﻀﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺗﻘﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺻﻮﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻥ ﳝﻴﺰﻭﺍ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺴﻮﻗﻲ ﺍﳋﺸﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺤﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﺮﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺯﻋﲔ ﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2.2‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺻﻔﻲ ﻋﻘﻴﻠﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ" ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﲟﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﻓﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻌﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﺳﻠﻔﺎ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ )".‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺻﻔﻲ ﻋﻘﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،2009 ، ،‬ﺹ‪ ، (.17‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺟﻮﻧﺴﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﳛﻘﻖ ﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻪ") ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ ،1996 ،‬ﺹ‪ .(10‬ﻭﺗﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﲰﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪﺓ ﻭﻃﻴﺒﺔ ﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﻥ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥﱠ‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﻮ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﳌﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺩﻭﺭﻱ ﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﻻﳓﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﳝﻜﱢﻦ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺒ‪‬ﻊ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ)ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺷﻮﻛﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﲰﲑ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2010‬ﺹ ‪.(.10‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﲔ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻪ ﻟﻴﺄﺧﺬ ﻣﻮﻗﻌ‪‬ﺎ ﺟﻴﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥﱠ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺝ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﳝﻪ ﻟﺘﻘﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉﹴ‬
‫ﳑﻜﻦ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺗﻌﱪ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺝ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪91‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻠﻴﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺗﻘﺎﺱ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﻭﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﲔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺃﻥﱠ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻀﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺝ ﻭﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻟﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﻫﻲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻓﻤﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺗﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺝ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺝ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪) :‬ﻧﺒﻴﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻲ‪ ، 2002 ،‬ﺹ‪(.337‬‬

‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ؛‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ؛‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﲜﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ؛‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﻮﺝ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﳘﺎ ﻳﺸﻜﻼﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﺍﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3.2‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ )‪ ،(Perfect Competition‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺎ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﲎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﰎ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻳﺒﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ ﻭﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﻊ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺇﻳﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ ، 2009، ،‬ﺹ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺪﻳﻞ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫‪ ،(.243‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺯﻧﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻳﻬﻢ ﻳﺸﺘﺮﻱ )ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ‪ ، ،‬ﺹ ‪ ، (.05‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ )‪ ،(Pure Monopoly‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﳝﻴﺰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﶈﺘﻜﺮ ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻴﻌﻪ ﻫﻮ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺍﺋﻞ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ )‪ (Oligopoly‬ﻭﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ) ‪(Monopolistic‬‬
‫‪ Competition‬ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﳏﺴﻮﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻏﲑﳘﺎ )ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪، ،‬‬
‫‪ ،2009‬ﺹ ‪ ، (.145‬ﻭﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﰲ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﺰﺑﻮﻥ)ﺭﺿﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﲪﺪ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺹ‬
‫‪ (.151‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻗﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪92‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬

‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﰲ ‪ 5‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ 2000‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺪﺭﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﺟﻨﺪﺓ ﺇﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻋﱪ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ‬
‫)‪ ، (http://www.echoroukonline.com/ara/articles/33645.html?print&output_type=rss‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺳﻴﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻓﺘﻢ‪ ‬ﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻓﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﻗﺪ ﻧﺼﺖ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﻓﻘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫"ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ)ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 03‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪-03‬‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫‪ ،"(2000‬ﻭﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻗﺮﺭﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺗﺮﺍﺧﻴﺺ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﲢﺖ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ "ﺟﺎﺯﻱ" ﰲ ‪ 11‬ﺟﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،2001‬ﻭﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺍﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻫﻮ ﻧﺺ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 4‬ﰲ‬
‫ﻓﻘﺮ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 03-2000‬ﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 05‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ 2000‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ :‬ﺳﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﲟﻬﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻦ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1.3‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ ‪" -‬ﳒﻤﺔ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ"‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﻛﻮﻳﺘﻴﺔ ﺗﺄﺳﺴﺖ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1997‬ﻭﲢﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻭﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪ GSM‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،1999‬ﻭﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺎﱐ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ )ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻭﺭﺍﺻﻜﻮﻡ( ﲟﺒﻠﻎ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪ 421‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪02‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‪2003‬‬
‫) ‪ ،(www.Nedjma.dz‬ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺖ ﲟﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺘﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪%34‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﲣﺺ ﺑﻨﻚ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ )‪ (%66‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 210.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﻭﻻﺭ )ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺎﺩﻝ ‪ 15‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﺭ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ( )‪ ،( Autorité de régulation de la poste et des télécommunications, 2003, P 137‬ﺑﺪﺃﺕ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 24‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ (http://www.ooredoo.dz/Ooredoo/Algerie/a-propos ) 2004‬ﻭﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﳒﻤﺔ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ‪ MULTIMEDIA‬ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎﱠ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ‪Ooredoo‬‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ 21‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ‪.2013‬‬
‫‪ .2.3‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﻑ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍ ﺧﺎﻃﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺬ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫‪ 2000-03‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲰﺢ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻳﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﲟﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﺳﻬﻢ‪،‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪93‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﶈﺴﻮﺱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻣﻊ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2001‬ﲤﺖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2001‬ﻛﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬
‫ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﻜﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﺑﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻀﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺃﺧﲑ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﺄﰐ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1.2.3‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ "‪:"2002/02/15-1994‬‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﻴﻄﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻖ ﻳﻨﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳉﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺍ ﰲ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻓﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺪﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1996‬ﺑـ ‪ 4961‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻊ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺇﱃ ‪ 18000‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،1999‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪2000-03‬‬
‫ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﰲ ‪ 2001/07/11‬ﻋﺮﻑ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺃﻭﻝ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﺟﻨﱯ "ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ"‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻵﻧﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﺍﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ؛‬
‫‪ .2.2.3‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ )‪ 2002/02/15‬ﺇﱃ ‪(2004/08/25‬‬
‫ﰎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪ GSM‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺟﺎﺯﻱ ﰲ ‪ 2002/02/15‬ﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺍﻭﺭﺳﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻴﺰﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻟﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺟﻞ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺟﺎﺯﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻔﺘﻚ ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺤﻮﺍﺫﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫‪ %70‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺧﻮﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ‪ ،2003/08/03‬ﻇﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﲢﺖ ﺍﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ "ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺲ" ﻛﻔﺮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﺟﺔ )ﻗﻮﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،2010 ،‬ﺹ ‪ ،(.02-01‬ﺣﱴ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻀﲑﺍ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻓﺪ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ "ﳒﻤﺔ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻨﺤﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﰲ ‪2003./12/20‬‬
‫‪ .3.2.3‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ )‪ 2004/08/25‬ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ(‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻷﻭﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﻓﻘﺎ‬
‫ﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﺤﺖ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﱵ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪2003/12/20‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺘﻪ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﰲ ‪ 2004/08/25‬ﻭﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪94‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺟﺪ ﻣﺪﺭﻭﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﺍﻵﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺮﻱ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺑﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﳚﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ )ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‪ ،2008 ،‬ﺹ ‪(.176‬‬

‫‪ .3.3‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﲜﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﱂ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﲜﻴﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﲤﻴﺰﺕ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﳑﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻧﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻫﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫)ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ(‬ ‫ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2011/01‬‬ ‫‪.1.3.3‬‬
‫)‪(./https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺭﺯﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻌﺘﻤﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻏﺒﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :01‬ﺭﺯﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﳌﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 19‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 22‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪ 2011‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 10:00‬ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﱄ‬

‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 16:00‬ﻣﺴﺎﺀ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 26‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 30‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪ 2011‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 10:00‬ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺳﺤﺐ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬

‫ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 16:00‬ﻣﺴﺎﺀ‬

‫ﺁﺧﺮ ﺃﺟﻞ ‪ 07‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ 2011‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪00:00‬‬ ‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ‬

‫‪ 23‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺢ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺖ ﻟﺮﺧﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪(3G‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2012‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪(3G‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪/https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/arr :‬‬
‫‪ .2.3.3‬ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪2013/01‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪ (3G‬ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ :‬ﺍﳋﻤﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻟـ ‪ 01‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪.2013‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺌﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻐﻠﲔ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ "ﻣﻨﺢ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺭﺧﺺ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪ (G3‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪95‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺿﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻬﻤﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺴﺤﺐ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺋﻦ ﺑـ‪،1 :‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﺭﻉ ﻗﺪﻭﺭ ﺭﺣﻴﻢ‪ 16008 ،‬ﺣﺴﲔ ﺩﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ )‪.(https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﳌﻨﺢ ﺭﺧﺺ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ 3G+‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎﱠ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﰲ ‪ 01‬ﺃﻭﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،2013‬ﺷﺮﻋﺖ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺟﻠﺴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 124-01‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 09‬ﻣﺎﻱ ‪ 2001‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺭﺧﺺ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻷﻇﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 15‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪ 2013‬ﻋﻞ ﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ .14:00‬ﻭﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻋﺮﻭﺿﻬﻢ ﻟﺪﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺮ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻵﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻫﻢ ﲝﺴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻹﻳﺪﺍﻉ ﻋﺮﻭﺿﻬﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﺎﻝ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺳﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﰎﱠ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻷﻇﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻋﻠﻨﻴﺎ ﲝﻀﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻔﻴﲔ ﻭﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 12‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ ‪) 124-01‬ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻔﺎ( ﲜﺮﺩ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪﺍ ﻭﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﰲ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺇ‪‬ﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ‪ 15‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2013‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎﱠ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﲔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﻢ )‪(https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬‬
‫‪ .3.3.3‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺺ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫‪ .1.3.3.3‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 14‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ 2013‬ﺑﻘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ "ﻣﻔﺪﻱ ﺯﻛﺮﻳﺎﺀ" ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﰲ ﺟﻠﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻨﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪15‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ،124-01‬ﰎﱠ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺈﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﳌﻨﺢ ﺭﺧﺺ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪ (3G+‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 01‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪.2013‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﻋﺮﻭﺽ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻬﺪﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ :‬ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؛‬
‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪96‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ ‬ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ :‬ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺻﻜﻮﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰎﱠ ﺍﻻﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺁﻧﻔﺎ ﻛﻤﺘﺤﺼﻠﲔ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪(https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi) (3G+‬‬
‫‪ .2.3.3.3‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺺ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ )ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ(‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺺ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﱄ ﺳﻨﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﻓﺎﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺍﺳﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )‪(3G‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻔﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺘﺘﻢ ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺗﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺧﺺ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﲜﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺪﻑ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻕ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻠﺰﻣﻮﻥ ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ)‪(https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬؛‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻤﲔ ‪ GSM‬ﻭ ‪ 3G‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﳛﺔ ‪ SIM/USIM‬ﻣﻠﺰﻣﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺀً ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺮﻗﻢﹴ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻗﻤﲔ ﻣﻌﺎ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﳛﺘﲔ ‪SIM/USIM‬‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺘﲔ ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﺘﻪ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫‪ 90‬ﺭ ﻡ‪/‬ﺱ ﺽ ﺏ ﻡ‪ 2013/‬ﻭﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 91‬ﺭ ﻡ‪/‬ﺱ ﺽ ﺏ ﻡ‪ 2013 /‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳌﻄﻠﺒﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺍﶈﺪﺩ ﳌﺒﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﻟﺮﺧﺺ ‪ GSM‬ﻭ ‪3G‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﲟﻨﺤﻬﻢ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻗﻤﲔ ‪ GSM‬ﻭ ‪ 3G‬ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﳛﺔ‬
‫‪SIM/USIM‬؛ )‪(https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 14‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ 2013‬ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺭﺧﺺ ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟـ‪ GSM‬ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﲪﻼﺕ ﺇﺷﻬﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻜﺜﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻻﺣﻈﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻋﻼﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺷﻬﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﲤﺪﺡ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺭﺽ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ)‪ ،(https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬ﻭﺍﻣﺘﻨﻌﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻔﺘﺢ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﳍﻢ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﲪﻼﺕ ﺇﺷﻬﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻌﺮﻭﺿﻬﻢ ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﻇﻞ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻗﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﻮﻝ ‪‬ﺎ)‪.(https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪97‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ .4.3‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﱪﺯ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺟﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ )‪ (https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﻴﺰﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺴﺒﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪-‬ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ )‪(ESE‬؛‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪-‬ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ )‪.(ESR‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻯ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻗﻮﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻯ؛‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺄﺧﲑ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺜﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻧﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﲤﻴﺰﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﱵ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1.4.3‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ‪ G.826‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ‪ 1996‬ﻭ ‪ G.821‬ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻻﲢﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻺﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪ G821‬ﲢﺪﺩ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ‪ 64Kbit/s‬ﻭﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ ،Mbit 2‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺔ ‪ G.826‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ‪ ،2Mbit/s‬ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺘﲔ ‪ M2100‬ﻭ ‪ M2100.1‬ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2.4.3‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ‪:‬‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻠﺰﻡ ﺑﺈﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﰲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﲟﻌﻴﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﲔ ﻭ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ETS 300903 (Juillet 1999‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ETS 300540 (Mars 1999‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪98‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :02‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﱵ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ "ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ"‬

‫‪Source: Catalogue d'Interconnexion Wataniya Telecom Algérie‬‬

‫‪S.P.A, OOREDOO, 01/07/2015 AU 30/06/2016, P 17.‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1.4‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﳌﺎ ﰎ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﻭﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﰒ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﺟﱪﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ‪ G.826‬ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ‪ 1996‬ﻭ‬
‫‪ G.821‬ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻺﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﲢﻴﲔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﺮﻳﻦ‪ ETS 300903 (Juillet 1999) ،‬ﻭ )‪ ،ETS 300540 (Mars 1999‬ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻊ ﺩﺧﻮﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻳﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪-‬ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﺻﻜﻮﻡ ﺗﻴﻠﻴﻜﻮﻡ‪-‬ﺟﺎﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺔ ﻓﺮﺿﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻻﻋﺐ ﺍﻗﺘﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺣﺼﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺩﺍﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻓﻘﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2.4‬ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻭﻃﻴﺪﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻫﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺻﻌﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺗﻠﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺻﻌﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﻇﻠﺖ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻠﻼ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺍﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲜﻮﺩﺓ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻭ ﲢﻴﲔ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﻭﺇﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﰲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﺈﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﻓﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﻮﺓ ﻻﺳﻮﻕ ﰲ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻭﺟﺎﺯﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪99‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬

‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺑﻮﲬﺨﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪ ،،2010‬ﺳﻬﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﻮﻣﻌﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪3. http://www.djazairess.com/elhiwar/28110‬‬
‫‪4. http://www.algerietelecom.dz/AR/?p=presentation‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻓﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻏﻮﻝ‪ ،2005 ،‬ﻣـﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﺎﻓـﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪-‬ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،-‬ﺃﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ )ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ(‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ -‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫‪ .6‬ﺯﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،2005 ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗیﺠﻲ ﻛﺨیﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮیﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﻏیﺮ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠیﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩیﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .7‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪ ،2009 ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪-‬ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫‪ .8‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺳﻰ ﺳﻮﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺷﻔﻴﻖ ﺍﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﺪﺍﺩ‪ ،2003 ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ "ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ‪ ،"2003‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﻣﺪ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫‪ .9‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺻﻔﻲ ﻋﻘﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،2009 ،‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ "ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ"‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،2‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫‪ .10‬ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺯﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪ 1996 ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .11‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﺷﻮﻛﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻤﻲ ﲰﲑ ﻭ ﺯﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2010‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﶈﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫‪ -1 .12‬ﻧﺒﻴﻞ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻲ‪ ، 2002 ،‬ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ "ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪ -1 .13‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﺭ ﺇﻳﺎﺩ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺎﺡ‪ 2009،‬ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻲ "ﻣﻔﺎھﱘ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ، 1‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺻﻔﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯیﻊ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫‪ -1 .14‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﻧﺲ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ‪" :‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ"‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪-‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪ ، 19‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪.05 2‬‬
‫‪ -1 .15‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﲑﰲ‪ ، 2009 ، ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪-‬ﻣﺼﺮ‬
‫‪ -1 .16‬ﺭﺿﺎ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺃﺑﻮ ﲪﺪ ﺁﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻭﺳﻨﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ "ﶈﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ"‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺍﻕ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ﻁ‪ ،01‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪-‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪..‬‬
‫‪17. http://www.echoroukonline.com/ara/articles/33645.html?print&output_type=rss‬‬
‫‪ .18‬ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 03‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪ ،2000-03‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 05‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ ،2000‬ﺍﶈﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪.48‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪19. -www.Nedjma.dz‬‬
‫‪20. 1- Autorité de régulation de la poste et des télécommunications, Rapport annuel‬‬
‫‪2003, P 137.‬‬
‫‪21. 1- http://www.ooredoo.dz/Ooredoo/Algerie/a-propos‬‬
‫‪ -1 .22‬ﻗﻮﰲ ﺳﻌﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2010‬ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘـﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋـﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﻝ‪" :‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﶈﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺣﺴﻴﺒﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻮﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻠﻒ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪،‬‬

‫‪2018‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

 
 

‫ ﺗﺄﺛیﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒیﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟیﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩیﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮیﺔ "ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬،‫ ﺍﳍﺎﴰﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬-1 .23
-‫ ﺳﻄﻴﻒ‬،01 ‫ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻓﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺳﻄیﻒ‬،(‫ ﺃﻃﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ )ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‬،"2011-2008 ‫ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
.‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
24. -https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
1

25. 1 -https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
26. 1 -https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
27. 1 -https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
28. 1 -https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
29. 1 -https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
30. 1 -https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
31. 1 - https://www.arpt.dz/ar/reg/loi./
32. 1- Catalogue d'Interconnexion Wataniya Telecom Algérie S.P.A, OOREDOO,
01/07/2015 AU 30/06/2016, P 16-17.

2018
101 