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(Calc 8) Logarithmic Differentiation & Parametric Differentiation

The document is a lecture on Logarithmic and Parametric Differentiation, presented by Dr. Ahmed M. Makhlouf at Alexandria National University. It explains the technique of logarithmic differentiation, provides examples for finding derivatives of various functions, and introduces parametric equations and their differentiation. The document includes detailed mathematical proofs and solutions to illustrate the concepts discussed.

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5 views

(Calc 8) Logarithmic Differentiation & Parametric Differentiation

The document is a lecture on Logarithmic and Parametric Differentiation, presented by Dr. Ahmed M. Makhlouf at Alexandria National University. It explains the technique of logarithmic differentiation, provides examples for finding derivatives of various functions, and introduces parametric equations and their differentiation. The document includes detailed mathematical proofs and solutions to illustrate the concepts discussed.

Uploaded by

w9zdsfwpxj
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematics (1)

Calculus
Fall 2023
For Alexandria National University
Lecture (8)
Logarithmic Differentiation &
Parametric Differentiation

By: Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Faculty of Engineering
Alexandria University
Logarithmic Differentiation
Logarithmic differentiation is a technique can be used in two cases:

(1) For the function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 , when the derivative of ln 𝑓 𝑥 can be calculated in


a simpler way than the derivative of 𝑓 𝑥 .

If 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 , then:
ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑓 𝑥

Differentiating both sides w. r. t. 𝑥:


1 𝑑
𝑦′ = ln 𝑓 𝑥
𝑦 𝑑𝑥
𝑑
∴ 𝑦′ = 𝑦 ln 𝑓 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑔 𝑥
(2) For the function 𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 .

Mathematics (1) ---- Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Examples
3 2
3 𝑥 𝑥+1 𝑒 𝑥
Ex 1: Find 𝑦′ for the function: 𝑦 =
sin5 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥

Solution:
Taking ln of both sides: 3 2
3 𝑥 𝑥 + 1 𝑒𝑥
ln 𝑦 = ln
sin5 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥
1
ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 3 + ln 𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥 2 − 5 ln sin 𝑥 2 − ln sin−1 𝑥
3
Differentiating both sides w. r. t. 𝑥:
𝑦′ ln 3 1 1 2 2𝑥 −
1 1 1
= + + 2𝑥 − 5 cos 𝑥
𝑦 2 𝑥 3 𝑥+1 sin 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥 1−𝑥 2 𝑥
ln 3 1 1
𝑦′ = 𝑦 + + 2𝑥 − 10𝑥 cot 𝑥 2 −
2 𝑥 3 𝑥+1 2 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥
3 2
′
3 𝑥 𝑥 + 1 𝑒𝑥 ln 3 1 1
𝑦 = + + 2𝑥 − 10𝑥 cot 𝑥 2 −
sin5 𝑥 2 sin−1 𝑥 2 𝑥 3 𝑥+1 2 𝑥 1 − 𝑥 sin−1 𝑥

Mathematics (1) ---- Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Examples
Ex 2: Find 𝑦′ for the function:
𝑦 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥
Solution:

Taking ln of both sides: ln 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 ln 𝑥

Differentiating both sides w. r. t. 𝑥:


𝑦′ 1
= sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝑦 𝑥
1
𝑦′ = 𝑥 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥 ln 𝑥
𝑥

∴ 𝑦′ = sin 𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑥−1 + 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 ln 𝑥

Mathematics (1) ---- Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Examples
Ex 3: Find 𝑦′ for the function:
𝑥2
𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥
Solution:

Taking ln of both sides: ln 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 ln tan−1 𝑥

Differentiating both sides w. r. t. 𝑥:


𝑦′ 2
1 1
=𝑥 −1
× 2
+ 2𝑥 ln tan−1 𝑥
𝑦 tan 𝑥 1 + 𝑥

𝑥2
𝑥2 1
𝑦 ′ = tan−1 𝑥 2 −1 + 2𝑥 ln tan−1 𝑥
1 + 𝑥 tan 𝑥

𝑥2 𝑥 2 −1 𝑥2
∴ 𝑦′ = tan−1 𝑥 + 2𝑥 tan−1 𝑥 ln tan−1 𝑥
1 + 𝑥2

Mathematics (1) ---- Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Parametric Equations
➢ Given any pair of functions 𝑋 𝑡 and 𝑌 𝑡 defined on the same domain, the equations:
𝑥=𝑋 𝑡 ,𝑦=𝑌 𝑡
are called parametric equations.

➢ Note that: For each choice of the parameter 𝑡, the parametric equations specify a
point 𝑥, 𝑦 = 𝑋 𝑡 , 𝑌 𝑡 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane.

Ex:
𝑦= 1 − 𝑥2 (The upper semi-circle in the explicit form)

𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1, 𝑦 ≥ 0 (The upper semi-circle in the implicit form)

𝑥 = cos 𝜃, 𝑦 = sin 𝜃, 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 𝜋 (The upper semi-circle in the parametric form)

Mathematics (1) ---- Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Parametric Differentiation
For the parametric equations:
𝑥=𝑋 𝑡 ,𝑦=𝑌 𝑡
If 𝑋 𝑡 and 𝑌 𝑡 are differentiable, then:
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡

Proof:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
Using the chain rule: = ×
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡

𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡
∴ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡

Mathematics (1) ---- Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Examples
Ex 4: For the curve described by the parametric equations:
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑡 − cos 2𝑡 and 𝑥 = sin2 𝑡 , find
𝑑𝑥

Solution:
𝑑𝑦
= 1 + 2 sin 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
= 2 sin 𝑡 cos 𝑡 = sin 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑡 1 + 2 sin 2𝑡
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 sin 2𝑡
𝑑𝑡
= cosec 2𝑡 + 2

Mathematics (1) ---- Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf


Good Luck
Dr.\ Ahmed M. Makhlouf

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