Class 7

Reproduction in Plants

1. Fill in the Blanks:

a) Production of a new individual from the vegetative parts of the
parent is called Vegetative propagation
b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such
a flower is called Unisexual flowers
c) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the
same or of another flower of the same kind is known as
Pollination
d) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as
Fertilization
e) Seed dispersal takes place by means of Wind, insect and
water.

2. Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction.

Give examples.
Solution: Different methods of asexual reproduction are as follows:

A) Vegetative Propagation - In this asexual reproduction,

new plants are produced from roots, stems, leaves and
buds of the individual plant.
Examples – Tuber of potato, the rhizome of ginger.

B) Budding - The bud is a small projection which gradually

grows and gets detached from the parent cell and forms
a new yeast cell. The new yeast cell grows, matures and
produces more yeast cells
Example – Yeast.

C) Fragmentation - In this mode of reproduction, the

growth and multiplication are done by rapidly breaking
down into two or more fragments. Each fragment grows
into new individuals when water and nutrients are
available.
Example – Algae
 D)Spore Formation - This reproduction is done by spores
which, under favorable conditions, germinate and
develop into a new individual.
E) Examples – Fungi like Rhizopus

D) Fission - It is a type of asexual reproduction where the

unicellular organism splits to form new organisms. There are two
types of fission which are,
Binary fission
Multiple fission
Examples - Unicellular organisms that undergo binary fission are
amoeba, paramecium, etc.
Plasmodium undergoes the process of multiple fission.

3. Explain what you understand by sexual reproduction.

Solution:
Sexual reproduction is a method where male and female gametes
fuse to form a new individual. In plants, stamens and pistils are
male and female reproductive organs which bear the anthers and
ovary, respectively.

4. State the main difference between asexual and sexual

reproduction.
Solution:

Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

It requires only one parent Requires a male and female parent
Daughter cells formed are identical to parents Newly formed offsprings show variations in
and to each other. comparison to the parents
Special reproductive organs are not required Special reproductive organs are required
Ex: Yeast, rose, jasmine Ex: Insects, animals
 5. Sketch the reproductive parts of a flower.

Solution –

6. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination.

Solution:

Self-pollination Cross-pollination
In self-pollination, pollen grains are In cross-pollination, pollen grains are
transferred from the anther to the transferred from the anther of one
stigma of the same flower. flower to the stigma of another flower of
the same kind.
 Self-pollination occurs only in bisexual It occurs in both unisexual and bisexual
flowers flowers

7. How does the process of fertilisation take place in flowers?

Solution:
The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to form a zygote) is called fertilisation. The
zygote develops into an embryo, and the embryo undergoes mitotic cell division to form seeds.

8. Describe the various ways by which seeds are dispersed.

Solution:
Seeds and fruits of plants are carried away by the wind, water and animals. Winged seeds such
as those of drumstick and maple, light seeds of grasses or hairy seeds of aak (Madar) and hairy
fruit of the sunflower get blown off with the wind to faraway places. Some seeds are dispersed
by water. These fruits or seeds usually develop floating ability in the form of a spongy or fibrous
outer coat as in coconut. Some seeds are dispersed by animals, especially spiny seeds with
hooks which get attached to the bodies of animals and are carried to distant places. Examples
are Xanthium and Urena. Some seeds are dispersed when the fruits burst with sudden jerks. The
seeds are scattered far from the parent plant. This happens in the case of castor and balsam

EXTRA QUESTIONS :
1. Which of the following is the female part of the flower?
A) Style b) Anther c) Filament d) Sepal
Ans: a) Style
2. Which of the following is the female part of the flower?
a) Style b) Anther c) Filament d) Sepal
Ans: a) Style
3. A piece of branch containing a ____________ is essential for propagation by
cutting.
A) Bud b) Eye c) Flower d) Node
Ans: d) Node
4. Scars present on the tuber of potato are called as__________.
a) Stem b) Branch c) Eye d) Sapling
Ans: c) Eye
5. Propagation by leaf buds is seen in ______________.
a) Bryophyllum b) Rose c) Onion d) Potato
Ans: a) Bryophyllum (with the ability to produce plantlets on their
leaves )

6. yellow powdery substance is present in the anther which

participates in reproduction process. Name this substance.
Answer:Pollen grains.

7. mature ovary turns into a fruit (with seeds inside)

8. Name the cell formed as product of

fertilization.Answer: The cell which results after fusion of the
gametes is called a zygote.

9. What is the male reproductive part of a flower?

Answer: Stamens are the male reproductive parts of flowers.

10. What is the scientific study of flowers?

Anthology is the study of flowers and flowering plants.

11. What is a node?

Answer: A node is a part of the stem/branch at which a leaf arises

12. Give examples of plants that reproduce by means of

spores.
Answer: Plants such as Fungi, moss and ferns reproduce by means
of spores.

13. How fungi grow on bread?

Answer: Fungi on a bread piece grow from spores which are
present in the air.

14. What are the two modes of reproduction in plants?

Answer: In plants there are two modes of reproduction, asexual
and sexual.

15 What is fertilisation?
Answer: The process of fusion of male and female gametes (to
form a zygote) is called fertilization.
16. In which part of flower does fertilisation occur?
Answer: Ovary is the part where male and female gametes fuse
together.

17. Pollen grains are present inside anthers for long time yet
they do not die. Why?
Answer: Pollen grains have a tough protective coat which presents
them from drying up.

18. Give one difference between unisexual and bisexual

flower.
Answer:
Unisexual flowers - are those which contain either male or female
reproductive part
bisexual flower - has both reproductive parts (i.e. male and
female) on the same flower.

19. Collect some flower of different plants like papaya, rose,

mustard, lady’s finger, Petunia, cucumber, corn, pea, etc.
Group them under following heads.
(a) Which of these plants have unisexual flowers?
(b) Which of these plants have bisexual flower?

Answer:
(a) Unisexual flowers are papaya, cucumber, corn.
(b) Bisexual flowers are rose, mustard, lady’s finger, Petunia, pea.

20. What is the other name of unisexual and bisexual flower?

Answer: Unisexual flowers are also called as incomplete flower
while bisexual flowers are called hermaphrodite or complete flowers.

21. What is a bud? Which organism reproduce by budding?

Given the diagrammatic representation of budding in a
plant.
Answer: Buds are small bulb-like projections of yeast cell.
These are asexual reproducing bodies of yeast.
Diagrammatic representation of budding in yeast Refer to figure on
page 178.(textbook)
22. What is reproduction?
Answer: The production of new individuals from their parents is
known as reproduction.

23. Which plant grows from roots?

Answer: The roots of some plants can also give rise to new plants.
Sweet potato and dahlia are examples.

24. How do cacti reproduce?

Answer: Plants such as cacti produce new plants when their parts
get detached from the main plant body. Each detached part can
grow into a new plant.

25. What is pollination? Name its types.

Answer: The transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a
flower is called pollination. Pollination is of two types, self-pollination
and cross-pollination.

26. What are unisexual flowers? Give examples.

Answer: Flowers which contain either only pistil or only stamens
are called unisexual flowers. Corn, papaya and cucumber produce
unisexual flowers.

27. What are bisexual flowers? Give examples.

Answer: Flowers which contain both stamens and pistil are called
bisexual flowers. Mustard, rose and petunia have bisexual flowers.

28. What are the different modes of asexual reproduction?

Answer: There are several methods of asexual reproduction such
as fragmentation, budding, spore formation and vegetative
propagation.

29. What are the vegetative parts of plants?

Answer: In vegetative propagation new plants are produced from
different vegetative parts such as leaves, stems and roots.

30. Banana is a fruit without seeds. Give reason.

Answer: Banana forms from one parent only. There is no seed
production.
Farmers have cultivated banana crop by vegetative propagation. It
is asexual mode of reproduction.

31. Mention the benefits of seed dispersal.

Answer: Benefits of Seed Dispersals
 Seed dispersal avoids overcrowding of young plants around
their parent plants.
 It helps in preventing competition between the plants and its
own seedlings for sunlight, water and minerals.
 One of the benefits of seed dispersal is that it enables the plant
to grow into new habitats for wider distribution and provides
them with better chance of survival.

32. Coconut is a large and heavy fruit. How is it adapted for

dispersal by water?
Answer: The seeds of some plants that have an outer fibrous or
spongy covering are dispersed through water. They have the ability
to float in the water and drift along with its flow, e.g. seeds of water
lily, lotus, chestnut (singhara) and coconut are dispersed through
water. The coconut fruits have a fibrous outer coat which enables
them to float in water and carried away by flowing water to far off
places.

33. What are the advantage of Vegetative propagation

Answer – plant produced by vegetative propagation take less time
to grow and bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced by
seeds, the new plants are exact Copies of parent plant as they are
produced from single parent

34. Explain zygote formation or fertilisation with the help of

a neat diagram
Answer -
35. Differentiate between: Cutting and budding

Ans: The difference between cutting and budding are

36. Stamen and Pistil
37. Draw and label the parts of a bisexual complete flower.
Ans:

38. Group the seeds given in figure (i) to (iii) according to their means of
dispersion.
(a) Seed dispersed by wind.
(b) Seed dispersed by water.
© Seed dispersed by animal.
Answer:
The seeds and their means of dispersal can be given as follows:
a. The seed of maple is dispersed by wind. It has winged seed which are light in
weight.

b. Seed of aak or madar has hairy outgrowth which makes it lighter and can be
dispersed by wind.
C. Seed of Xanthium have numerous spines on them which gets attached to the
fur of animals. Hence, these are dispersed by animals.

d. None of the seed given in the figure is dispersed by water