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 The CORE team

The Economy

Economics for a changing world

 The CORE team

The Economy
 COPYRIGHT
The Economy
Text © The CORE team

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0

International License. You are free to share the material (copy and redistribute the material) under the
following terms: you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes
were made; you may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor
endorses you or your use; you may not use the material for commercial purposes; if you remix, transform,
or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material.
 Contents

THEMES AND CAPSTONE UNITS

17: History, instability, and growth
18: Global economy
19: Inequality
20: Environment
21: Innovation
22: Politics and policy

Preface

A note to instructors

Producing The Economy

List of resources

1 The capitalist revolution

Introduction
1.1 Income inequality 18 19
1.2 Measuring income and living standards
1.3 History’s hockey stick: Growth in income 17 18 19 21
1.4 The permanent technological revolution 17 21
1.5 The economy and the environment 20
1.6 Capitalism defined: Private property, markets, and firms 17
1.7 Capitalism as an economic system 17
1.8 The gains from specialization 17 18
1.9 Capitalism, causation and history’s hockey stick 17 18 21
1.10 Varieties of capitalism: Institutions, government, and the economy 17 18 22
1.11 Economics and the economy
1.12 Conclusion
1.13 References

2 Technology, population, and growth

 Introduction
2.1 Economists, historians, and the Industrial Revolution 17 18 21
2.2 Economic models: How to see more by looking at less
2.3 Basic concepts: Prices, costs, and innovation rents 21
2.4 Modelling a dynamic economy: Technology and costs 21
2.5 Modelling a dynamic economy: Innovation and profit 21
2.6 The British Industrial Revolution and incentives for new technologies 17 19 21
2.7 Malthusian economics: Diminishing average product of labour
2.8 Malthusian economics: Population grows when living standards rise 17 21
2.9 The Malthusian trap and long-term economic stagnation 17 21
2.10 Escaping from Malthusian stagnation 17 19 21
2.11 Conclusion
2.12 References

3 Scarcity, work, and choice

Introduction
3.1 Labour and production
3.2 Preferences
3.3 Opportunity costs
3.4 The feasible set
3.5 Decision making and scarcity
3.6 Hours of work and economic growth 18 21
3.7 Income and substitution effects on hours of work and free time
3.8 Is this a good model?
3.9 Explaining our working hours: Changes over time 17 21
3.10 Explaining our working hours: Differences between countries 18 22
3.11 Conclusion
3.12 References

4 Social interactions
Introduction
4.1 Social interactions: Game theory
4.2 Equilibrium in the invisible hand game
4.3 The prisoners’ dilemma 20
4.4 Social preferences: Altruism 19
4.5 Altruistic preferences in the prisoners’ dilemma 19
 4.6 Public goods, free riding, and repeated interaction 19
4.7 Public good contributions and peer punishment
4.8 Behavioural experiments in the lab and in the field 22
4.9 Cooperation, negotiation, conflicts of interest, and social norms 19 20
4.10 Dividing a pie (or leaving it on the table) 19
4.11 Fair farmers, self-interested students? 18
4.12 Competition in the ultimatum game
4.13 Social interactions: Conflicts in the choice among Nash equilibria 18 19 20 21
4.14 Conclusion
4.15 References

5 Property and power: Mutual gains and conflict

Introduction
5.1 Institutions and power 17 19
5.2 Evaluating institutions and outcomes: The Pareto criterion 17
5.3 Evaluating institutions and outcomes: Fairness 17 19
5.4 A model of choice and conflict 17 19
5.5 Technically feasible allocations
5.6 Allocations imposed by force 17
5.7 Economically feasible allocations and the surplus 19
5.8 The Pareto efficiency curve and the distribution of the surplus 19 22
5.9 Politics: Sharing the surplus 22
5.10 Bargaining to a Pareto-efficient sharing of the surplus
5.11 Angela and Bruno: The moral of the story 17 19 22
5.12 Measuring economic inequality 19 22
5.13 A policy to redistribute the surplus and raise efficiency 19 22
5.14 Conclusion
5.15 References

6 The firm: Owners, managers, and employees

Introduction
6.1 Firms, markets, and the division of labour
6.2 Other people’s money: The separation of ownership and control
6.3 Other people’s labour
6.4 Employment rents 19
6.5 Determinants of the employment rent 22
 6.6 Work and wages: The labour discipline model 22
6.7 Wages, effort, and profits in the labour discipline model 19
6.8 Putting the model to work: Owners, employees, and the economy 22
6.9 Another kind of business organization 19 22
6.10 Principals and agents: Interactions under incomplete contracts
6.11 Conclusion
6.12 References

7 The firm and its customers

Introduction
7.1 Breakfast cereal: Choosing a price
7.2 Economies of scale and the cost advantages of large-scale production 21
7.3 Production: The cost function for Beautiful Cars
7.4 Demand and isoprofit curves: Beautiful Cars
7.5 Setting price and quantity to maximize profit
7.6 Looking at profit maximization as marginal revenue and marginal cost
7.7 Gains from trade
7.8 The elasticity of demand
7.9 Using demand elasticities in government policy 22
7.10 Price-setting, competition, and market power 22
7.11 Product selection, innovation, and advertising 21
7.12 Prices, costs, and market failure
7.13 Conclusion
7.14 References

8 Supply and demand: Price-taking and competitive markets

Introduction
8.1 Buying and selling: Demand and supply
8.2 The market and the equilibrium price
8.3 Price-taking firms
8.4 Market supply and equilibrium
8.5 Competitive equilibrium: Gains from trade, allocation, and distribution
8.6 Changes in supply and demand 18
8.7 The effects of taxes 22
8.8 The model of perfect competition
8.9 Looking for competitive equilibria
 8.10 Price-setting and price-taking firms 22
8.11 Conclusion
8.12 References

9 The labour market: Wages, profits, and unemployment

Introduction
9.1 The wage-setting curve, the price-setting curve, and the labour market
9.2 Measuring the economy: Employment and unemployment 18
9.3 The wage-setting curve: Employment and real wages
9.4 The firm’s hiring decision
9.5 The price-setting curve: Wages and profits in the whole economy
9.6 Wages, profits, and unemployment in the whole economy
9.7 How changes in demand for goods and services affect unemployment 22
9.8 Labour market equilibrium and the distribution of income 19 22
9.9 Labour supply, labour demand, and bargaining power 18 22
9.10 Labour unions: Bargained wages and the union voice effect 17 18 22
9.11 Labour market policies to address unemployment and inequality 19 22
9.12 Looking backward: Baristas and bread markets
9.13 Conclusion
9.14 References

10 Banks, money, and the credit market

Introduction
10.1 Money and wealth
10.2 Borrowing: Bringing consumption forward in time
10.3 Impatience and the diminishing marginal returns to consumption
10.4 Borrowing allows smoothing by bringing consumption to the present
10.5 Lending and storing: Smoothing and moving consumption to the future
10.6 Investing: Another way to move consumption to the future 19
10.7 Assets, liabilities, and net worth
10.8 Banks, money, and the central bank 17 22
10.9 The central bank, the money market, and interest rates 17 22
10.10 The business of banking and bank balance sheets
10.11 The central bank’s policy rate can affect spending 22
10.12 Credit market constraints: A principal–agent problem 19
10.13 Inequality: Lenders, borrowers, and those excluded from credit markets 19
 10.14 Conclusion
10.15 References

11 Rent-seeking, price-setting, and market dynamics

Introduction
11.1 How people changing prices to gain rents can lead to a market equilibrium
11.2 How market organization can influence prices
11.3 Short-run and long-run equilibria
11.4 Prices, rent-seeking, and market dynamics at work: Oil prices 17 18 22
11.5 The value of an asset: Basics
11.6 Changing supply and demand for financial assets
11.7 Asset market bubbles
11.8 Modelling bubbles and crashes 17
11.9 Non-clearing markets: Rationing, queuing, and secondary markets 22
11.10 Markets with controlled prices 22
11.11 The role of economic rents 19 21 22
11.12 Conclusion
11.13 References

12 Markets, efficiency, and public policy

Introduction
12.1 Market failure: External effects of pollution 20
12.2 External effects and bargaining 20
12.3 External effects: Policies and income distribution 19 20 22
12.4 Property rights, contracts, and market failures 17 20 22
12.5 Public goods 20 21 22
12.6 Missing markets: Insurance and lemons 22
12.7 Incomplete contracts and external effects in credit markets 19 22
12.8 The limits of markets 17 19 22
12.9 Market failure and government policy 22
12.10 Conclusion
12.11 References

13 Economic fluctuations and unemployment

Introduction
13.1 Growth and fluctuations 17 22
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 13.2 Output growth and changes in unemployment 18
13.3 Measuring the aggregate economy
13.4 Measuring the aggregate economy: The components of GDP 22
13.5 How households cope with fluctuations 17 22
13.6 Why is consumption smooth?
13.7 Why is investment volatile? 17 18 21
13.8 Measuring the economy: Inflation 17 18
13.9 Conclusion
13.10 References

14 Unemployment and fiscal policy

Introduction
14.1 The transmission of shocks: The multiplier process
14.2 The multiplier model
14.3 Household target wealth, collateral, and consumption spending 17 22
14.4 Investment spending 21 22
14.5 The multiplier model: Including the government and net exports 22
14.6 Fiscal policy: How governments can dampen and amplify fluctuations 17 22
14.7 The multiplier and economic policymaking 22
14.8 The government’s finances 17 18 22
14.9 Fiscal policy and the rest of the world 18 22
14.10 Aggregate demand and unemployment 22
14.11 Conclusion
14.12 References

15 Inflation, unemployment, and monetary policy

Introduction
15.1 What’s wrong with inflation? 19
15.2 Inflation results from conflicting and inconsistent claims on output
15.3 Inflation, the business cycle, and the Phillips curve
15.4 Inflation and unemployment: Constraints and preferences 22
15.5 What happened to the Phillips curve? 17 22
15.6 Expected inflation and the Phillips curve
15.7 Supply shocks and inflation 17 18 22
15.8 Monetary policy 18 22
15.9 The exchange rate channel of monetary policy 18 22
 15.10 Demand shocks and demand-side policies 21
15.11 Macroeconomic policy before the global financial crisis: Inflation-targeting policy
17 18 22
15.12 Another reason for rising inflation at low unemployment
15.13 Conclusion
15.14 References

16 Technological progress, employment, and living standards in the long run

Introduction
16.1 Technological progress and living standards 17 21
16.2 The job creation and destruction process 18 19 21
16.3 Job flows, worker flows, and the Beveridge curve 22
16.4 Investment, firm entry, and the price-setting curve in the long run 21
16.5 New technology, wages, and unemployment in the long run 17 21 22
16.6 Technological change and income inequality 19 21
16.7 How long does it take for labour markets to adjust to shocks? 17 18 21
16.8 Institutions and policies: Why do some countries do better than others? 17 18 19 21 22
16.9 Technological change, labour markets, and trade unions 17 18 19 21 22
16.10 Changes in institutions and policies 17 22
16.11 Slower productivity growth in services, and the changing nature of work 17 18 21
16.12 Wages and unemployment in the long run 21 22
16.13 Conclusion
16.14 References

17 Capstone: The Great Depression, golden age, and global financial crisis
Introduction
17.1 Three economic epochs
17.2 The Great Depression, positive feedbacks, and aggregate demand
17.3 Policymakers in the Great Depression
17.4 The golden age of high growth and low unemployment
17.5 Workers and employers in the golden age
17.6 The end of the golden age
17.7 After stagflation: The fruits of a new policy regime
17.8 Before the financial crisis: Households, banks, and the credit boom
17.9 Modelling housing bubbles
17.10 The financial crisis and the great recession
 17.11 The role of banks in the crisis
17.12 The economy as teacher
17.13 Conclusion
17.14 References

18 Capstone: The nation and the world economy

Introduction
18.1 Globalization and deglobalization in the long run
18.2 Globalization and investment
18.3 Globalization and migration
18.4 Specialization and the gains from trade among nations
18.5 Specialization, factor endowments, and trade between countries
18.6 Winners and losers from trade and specialization
18.7 Winners and losers in the very long run and along the way
18.8 Migration: Globalization of labour
18.9 Globalization and anti-globalization
18.10 Trade and growth
18.11 Conclusion
18.12 References

19 Capstone: Economic inequality

Introduction
19.1 Inequality across the world and over time
19.2 Accidents of birth: Another lens to study inequality
19.3 What (if anything) is wrong with inequality?
19.4 How much inequality is too much (or too little)?
19.5 Endowments, technology, and institutions
19.6 Inequality, endowments, and principal–agent relationships
19.7 Putting the model to work: Explaining changes in inequality
19.8 Predistribution
19.9 Explaining recent trends in inequality in market income
19.10 Redistribution: Taxes and transfers
19.11 Equality and economic performance
19.12 Conclusion
19.13 References
20 Capstone: Economics of the environment
Introduction
20.1 Recap: External effects, incomplete contracts, and missing markets
20.2 Climate change
20.3 The abatement of environmental damages: Cost-benefit analysis
20.4 Conflicts of interest: Bargaining over wages, pollution, and jobs
20.5 Cap and trade environmental policies
20.6 The measurement challenges of environmental policy
20.7 Dynamic environmental policies: Future technologies and lifestyles
20.8 Environmental dynamics
20.9 Why is addressing climate change so difficult?
20.10 Policy choices matter
20.11 Conclusion
20.12 References

21 Capstone: Innovation, information, and the networked economy

Introduction
21.1 The innovation process: Invention and diffusion
21.2 Innovation systems
21.3 External effects: Complements, substitutes, and coordination
21.4 Economies of scale and winner-take-all competition
21.5 Matching (two-sided) markets
21.6 Intellectual property rights
21.7 Optimal patents: Balancing the objectives of invention and diffusion
21.8 Public funding of basic research, education, and information infrastructure
21.9 Conclusion
21.10 References

22 Capstone: Economics, politics, and public policy

Introduction
22.1 The government as an economic actor
22.2 Government acting as a monopolist
22.3 Political competition affects how the government will act
22.4 Why an erstwhile dictator might submit to political competition
22.5 Democracy as a political institution
22.6 Political preferences and electoral competition: The median voter model
 22.7 A more realistic model of electoral competition
22.8 The advance of democracy
22.9 Varieties of democracy
22.10 Democracy makes a difference
22.11 A puzzle: The persistence of unfairness and market failures in democracies
22.12 Economic infeasibility
22.13 Administrative infeasibility
22.14 Special interests
22.15 Policy matters and economics works
22.16 Conclusion
22.17 References

Looking forward to economics after CORE

Glossary

Bibliography

Copyright acknowledgements

Leibnizes
2.2.1 Introducing the Leibnizes
2.7.1 The production function
3.1.1 Average and marginal productivity
3.1.2 Diminishing marginal productivity
3.1.3 Concave and convex functions
3.2.1 Indifference curves and the marginal rate of substitution
3.4.1 Marginal rate of transformation
3.5.1 Optimal allocation of free time: MRT meets MRS
3.6.1 Modelling technological change
3.7.1 Mathematics of income and substitution effects
4.4.1 Altruistic preferences: Finding the optimal distribution
5.4.1 Quasi-linear preferences
5.4.2 Angela’s choice of working hours
5.7.1 Angela’s choice of working hours when she pays rent
5.8.1 The Pareto efficiency curve
6.6.1 The worker’s best response function
6.7.1 Profit, wages, and effort
7.3.1 Average and marginal cost functions
7.4.1 Isoprofit curves and their slopes
7.5.1 The profit-maximizing price
7.6.1 Marginal revenue and marginal cost
7.8.1 The elasticity of demand
8.4.1 The firm and market supply curves
8.4.2 Market equilibrium
8.5.1 Gains from trade
8.6.1 Shifts in demand and supply
11.8.1 Price bubbles
12.1.1 External effects of pollution
12.3.1 Pigouvian taxes
22.2.1 Expected duration of the dictator or governing elite
22.2.2 How the monopolist sets the rent-maximizing level of taxes
22.3.1 The income and substitution effect of an increase in political competition
 Preface

In 2014, when we published the first beta of The Economy online, Camila Cea provided a preface. At the
time, she was a recent economics graduate, but already a veteran of a successful protest movement in
Chile that was advocating policies to advance economic justice. She and her fellow students at the
University of Chile had been shocked to discover their economics courses addressed none of their
concerns about the problems of Chile’s economy. They demanded changes in the curriculum. The director
of the School of Economics and Business at the time, Oscar Landerretche, responded to their demands.
Camila and Oscar are both now Trustees of CORE Economics Education.
 Camila Cea

Since then, courses based on CORE’s text have been taught as the standard introduction to economics at
University College London, Sciences Po (Paris), the Toulouse School of Economics, Azim Premji
University (Bangalore), Humboldt University (Berlin), the Lahore University of Management Sciences
and many other universities throughout the world. In July 2017, as we write this, 3,000 economics
teachers from 89 countries have registered for access to our supplementary teaching materials.

Camila’s perspective on The CORE Project at the beginning of our journey captures the motivation that
continues to inspire us. She wrote:
 We want to change the way economics is taught. Students and teachers tell us this is long overdue.
When the Financial Times in the UK wrote about CORE in November 2013, it sparked an online
debate about teaching and learning economics that attracted 1,214 posts in 48 hours. Students in
economics all over the world were asking, just as I had asked a few years previously: ‘Why has
the subject of economics become detached from our experience of real life?’

Nataly Grisales, like me an economics student from Latin America, recently wrote about learning
economics on her blog: ‘Before I chose economics a professor mentioned that economics would
give me a way to describe and predict human behaviour through mathematical tools. That
possibility still seems fantastic to me. However, after semesters of study I had many mathematical
tools, but all the people whose behaviour I wanted to study had disappeared from the scene.’

Like Nataly, I remember asking myself if my economics classes would ever get around to
addressing the questions that motivated me to take up economics in the first place.

And that’s why my colleagues in the CORE team have created this material. It has made me
believe again that studying economics can help you to understand the economic challenges of the
real world, and prepare you to confront them.

Please join us.

Camila and Nataly did not get the best that economics has to offer. CORE’s mission is to introduce
students to what economists do now, and what we know. Today, economics is an empirical subject that
uses models to make sense of data. These models guide government, business, and many other
organizations on the trade-offs they face in designing policies.

Economics can provide tools, concepts and ways to understand the world that address the challenges that
drive students like Nataly and Camila to the subject. Sadly, they are often not a big part of the courses that
thousands of students take.

In the four years that The CORE Project has been running we have tried an experiment in classrooms
around the world. We ask students: ‘What is the most pressing problem that economists should address?’
The word cloud below shows the response that students at Hum​boldt University gave to us on the first day
of their first class in economics. The size of the word is proportional to the frequency with which they
mentioned the word or phrase.
 The most pressing problems that economists should address, according to students at Humboldt University.

Word clouds from students in Sydney and Bogota are barely distinguishable from this one (you can see
them on our website at www.core-econ.org). Even more remarkable, when in 2016 we asked new
recruits—mostly but not entirely recent economics graduates—at the Bank of England, and then
professional economists and other staff at the New Zealand Treasury and Reserve Bank, both responded
the same way: inequality was the most common word in their minds.

Local and global social problems are always on the minds of new students. In France, when we tried the
same experiment, unemployment showed up more often. Climate change and environmental problems,
automation, and financial instability were frequently mentioned around the world.

Our focus on these real-world problems explains why we called this book The Economy rather than
Economics, which is the standard title for introductory texts. The economy is something in the real world.
It governs how we interact with each other and with our natural environments in producing the goods and
services on which we live. In contrast, economics is a way of understanding that economy, based on facts,
concepts and models.

The Economy is a course in economics. Throughout, we start with a question or a problem about the
economy—why the advent of capitalism is associated with a sharp increase in average living standards,
for example—and then teach the tools of economics that contribute to an answer.

For each question, the material is in the same sequence. We begin with a historical or current problem,
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Other documents randomly have
different content
 It was Marjorie’s turn, and as the question fell on her ears, an
answer popped into her mind.
But she hesitated about saying it. She didn’t think it was the right
answer, and yet she couldn’t think of any other.
But if she said she didn’t know, she would get her third score,
and have to admit herself vanquished.
Miss Merington smiled at her pleasantly, Mr. Abercrombie waited
patiently, King and Kitty were looking at her anxiously. Why did she
hesitate? they thought.
For Marjorie didn’t look as if she didn’t know the answer, she only
seemed unwilling to tell it.
“Come, come, little orange girl,” said Mr. Abercrombie, most
kindly; “that’s not a hard one. You can guess it, can’t you?”
Still Marjorie said nothing.
“I’m sure that’s the answer,” she said to herself; “and yet
suppose it shouldn’t be!”
Then she thought she’d say she didn’t know, and let Miss
Merington get the prize. Then her conscience told her it would be
wrong to say she didn’t know, when she did know.
“Now, then, orange maiden,” went on the kind voice, “here’s your
last chance. What’s the most kissable tree?”
Finding that she must speak it, Marjorie blushed a little, but said
in a clear voice, “Yew!”
Such a shout of laughter as went up from everybody! Mr.
Abercrombie laughed until he was red in the face, and his huge form
shook from side to side.
Of course, Midget was terribly embarrassed, and wished she
could sink through the door, but Miss Merington took her hand and
smiled at her sweetly, as she whispered, “Be plucky! Smile, yourself,
you haven’t said anything wrong!”
So Marjorie stopped trembling, and smiled a little; then she saw
King and Flip fairly choking with glee, and she realized that her
answer was wrong after all.
“I’m more than sorry,” said Mr. Abercrombie, after the fun had
subsided a little, “that I can’t accept that answer! But I have to go
by the card, and another answer is given here. So I shall have to
pass the question, but I assure you, little orange girl, that I greatly
prefer your answer to the one here given. Miss Merington, can you
guess it?”
“Tulip tree,” said Miss Merington, and Marjorie opened her eyes
wide.
“I never heard of that tree,” she said.
“Then you were very clever to guess as you did,” declared Mr.
Abercrombie. “Technically, you score your third error, and Miss
Merington wins the prize; but in my unofficial capacity, I hold that
you guessed correctly, and I shall beg the honor of bestowing upon
you a prize also.”
The old-time courtliness of Mr. Abercrombie’s manner was quite a
balm to Marjorie’s disturbed spirit, and she turned to congratulate
her captain on winning the beautiful prize.
It was a fine edition of Browning’s Poems, and it pleased Miss
Merington very much.
“It’s just right for the lady who won it,” commented Mr.
Abercrombie, “but not at all appropriate for an orange girl of twelve.
Now, you come with me, and we’ll find the second prize right here
and now.”
He offered his arm as formally as if to a duchess, and in
obedience to Miss Merington’s smile and nod, Marjorie walked away
with him.
He paused at the book stall, which was a somewhat ungainly old
tree trunk, bearing the legend, “The Tree of Knowledge.”
Beneath it on a table lay the books, under a sign, “Nothing but
Leaves.”
Mr. Abercrombie selected a fine edition of Longfellow’s Poems,
and inscribed Marjorie’s name and the date on the flyleaf.
Beneath it he wrote:
“From one who appreciates Yew,” and presented it in a
flourishing fashion.
Midget had now entirely regained her composure, and she
thanked him politely and prettily, and then ran away to join Miss
Merington and Delight.
 CHAPTER XX
A SPRING RAMBLE
“Only think!” cried Marjorie, as she sprang out of bed, “Father
and Mother are coming home to-day!”
“Hooray!” cried Kitty, tumbling out of her bed at the joyful
reminder. “Won’t I be glad to see them, though! Aren’t we going to
celebrate?”
“Not any regular celebration. It’ll be fun enough just to see them,
and hear them tell about their trip.”
“Yes, indeed; so it will. And, of course, we’ll have ice cream.”
“Oh, of course; I told Ellen that, yesterday.”
A little later, two trim and tidy little Maynard girls went
downstairs to the cheerful dining-room.
“Hello-morning!” cried King, meeting them on the landing. “Going
to school to-day, Mops?”
“Yes, of course; why not?”
“Oh, I thought as Mother’s coming home, we might take a
holiday.”
“No, I don’t want to. They don’t come till afternoon, you know,
and if I hung round here all day, I’d just die waiting for ’em. Going to
school will fill up the morning, anyway.”
“That’s so; say we go, then. Hello, Rosy Posy; did I ’most upset
you?”
The four danced into the dining-room, where Miss Larkin and
breakfast awaited them.
“I do think,” said Midget, as she ate her cereal, “that, considering
we’re Maynards, we have behaved pretty well since Mother’s been
away.”
“Sure we have!” agreed King; “if I get much better, I’ll spoil.”
“I’m spoiling for some mischief, as it is,” said Marjorie, with
dancing eyes.
 “Oh, Mops,” begged Kitty, “don’t cut up any jinks before Mother
gets home.”
“Well, I won’t,” said Mops, who didn’t mean her speech as
seriously as Kitty took it; “but after she gets home, I’m going to cut
up the biggest jink I can think of.”
“Are you, really?” said Miss Larkin, with such a horrified
expression that the three children could not help giggling.
“I dunno, Larky,” said Midge, teasingly. “P’raps I will, and p’raps I
won’t. But I’ll promise to be good as pie till Mother does come; only
it seems as if to-day will be a hundred years long.”
However, the morning passed rapidly enough to three Maynards,
and it was not until after luncheon that they grew restless again.
“Oh, deary, deary me!” sighed Marjorie. “They can’t come until
five o’clock, and now it’s only two. We can’t dress up for them until
about four—’cause there’s no use dressing sooner, and getting all
messy. Let’s do something or go somewhere.”
Miss Larkin hastily offered a suggestion. She well knew that when
Midget grew restless and impatient, mischief was pretty likely to
ensue.
“Let’s go and weed the flower boxes,” she said.
“They’re spick and span now,” said Marjorie. “We’ve weeded
them every day this week, and if we pull up anything more it’ll have
to be the flowers themselves. And we’ve watered them till they’re
most drownded.”
“Drowned, my child,” corrected King, with a schoolmaster air.
“I don’t mean drowned—I mean drowned dead,” declared
Marjorie, triumphantly.
“Pooh, if you’re drowned, you’re sure to be dead,” returned her
brother.
“You’ve never been drowned, so how do you know?”
“Neither have you, so how do you know?”
“There, there, children, don’t quarrel,” said Miss Larkin,
pleadingly.
“Oh, pshaw, that isn’t quarreling,” said Marjorie; “that’s only
cheerful conversation; isn’t it, King?”
 “Yep,” he returned, smiling good-naturedly. “We Maynards never
really quarrel, we just sort of squarrel, you know.”
“That’s sort of between quarreling and squabbling,” observed
Kitty.
“Right you are, Kit! You grow brighter every day, don’t you?”
Kitty beamed at her brother’s compliment, for she well knew King
meant it as such.
“Let’s play games,” suggested Miss Larkin next. “Shall we play
Parcheesi?”
“Too poky,” said Midget. “I want to run and jump round. Let’s go
outdoors. Come with us, Miss Larkin, and take a walk?”
“Larky, Larky,” chanted King, “let’s go to the park-y, and walk till
after dark-y.”
“Walk till nearly dark-y,” corrected Marjorie. “Oh, I’ll tell you what
we’ll do; we’ll take a spring ramble.”
“What’s that? Something like this?” and King jumped up, and
tripped across the room with affected mincing gait.
“No; it’s just a walk in the spring. But you call it a spring ramble,
if you go off on the country paths, and pick some wild flowers, and
wonder what the birds are.”
“Sounds good to me,” agreed King. “Come on, ladies. Only we
mustn’t stay too long.”
So they set off, Miss Larkin, Rosy Posy, and all, for a spring
ramble.
It proved to be just the thing to divert their attention, and
though they didn’t forget the expected arrival, they became greatly
engrossed in the wonders they found.
Marjorie was leader, because Miss Hart had taken her and Delight
on two spring rambles already, and she knew how to look for the
tiny wild flowers, that scarce showed their blossoms as yet.
“Those are marshmallows,” announced Marjorie, proud of her
knowledge, as she pointed to some rather tall green stems, growing
near the brook.
“Marshmallows! Huh!” cried King in disdain. “Marshmallows don’t
grow on reeds!”
 “I don’t mean the candy kind,” protested Marjorie. “These are a
pink flower—when the flowers come—and I know they’re it, for Miss
Hart told me so. I think they’re in bud.”
“Those aren’t buds, they’re last year’s seedpods,” said King.
“I don’t think so, but let’s go down and see. The principal thing
you do on a spring ramble is learn things.”
They were on a high bank, and the descent to the growing things
down by the brook was rather steep, and very stony.
“I can’t go down there,” declared Miss Larkin. “You children go, if
you like, and Baby and I will wait up here for you.”
“No, we must all go,” said Marjorie, who was in wilful mood to-
day.
“Oh, come on, Larky, dear,” wheedled King; “we’ll all take hold of
hands and scamper down, just as easy as ease!”
So the five joined hands, and when King had counted, “One, two,
three! Go!” they ran down the slope.
But though the stony bank was treacherous, it was nothing
compared to the trouble they found on the lower level.
The impetus gained on the steep slope sent them running rapidly
forward, and they found themselves stumbling in mud and mire.
“Whew!” exclaimed King, as they were stopped at last by their
own clogging footsteps; “who’d have thought this was soft mud? It
looked hard enough!”
Miss Larkin looked utterly disgusted. She tried to take a step
forward, failed, lost her balance, and fell over against Rosy Posy,
upsetting the poor child entirely. But the youngest Maynard was not
one of the crying sort, and she floundered about in the mud, smiling
hopefully, as she said:
“Middy; King; pick up poor Wosy Posy!”
But Midget and King were so convulsed with laughter at the
comical appearance of Miss Larkin, that Rosy Posy was unheeded for
the moment, and the baby good-naturedly floundered on, getting
muddier at every step.
“I can’t get my feet out of this mire,” said poor Miss Larkin; “it’s
like a quicksand.”
 “Is it?” inquired King, with great interest; “I always wondered
what a quicksand was like. But I don’t care for it much, myself,” he
added, looking ruefully at his own shoes, muddied all over, and,
indeed, half sunk in the ground.
“How shall we get out, King?” asked Kitty. “I think this is a horrid
place.”
“Oh, we’ll get out all right,” answered King, cheerfully. “Here, this
is the way to do it. Turn down these bushes, and walk on ’em, see?”
It was a good plan, only the bushes chanced to be brambly ones,
and their hands were scratched and their clothes were torn in their
struggle to get out of the mud.
King lifted Rosy Posy high, in an endeavor to get her over
unharmed; but thinking it was all a fine game, the little one gave a
wriggle of delight, and fell plump into the soft mud.
“Oh, you mud-turtle!” cried King. “Well, Rosy Posy, you’re a sight
now! But it’s lucky you didn’t fall into the bramble bush.”
“And scratch out both your eyes,” added Marjorie.
“Mine are about scratched out,” said Kitty, plaintively.
“Try the other bush, Kit, and scratch ’em in again,” proposed
King, who was struggling manfully to carry his littlest sister and help
Miss Larkin at the same time.
Well, after a time, they did get out, and were such a looking
crowd as can scarcely be imagined!
But they were once more on firm pavement, and though terribly
scratched up, were not seriously injured. It was a narrow escape,
though, for the mire was deep, and the thorns were sharp, and a
bad accident might have happened.
“You said you wanted to cut up jinks, Midget, and now you’ve
done it!” said her brother.
“No more than the rest of you,” returned Midget. “Larky looks
just as Jinky as any of us.”
They all turned to Miss Larkin, and then burst into laughter. She
did look funny, with her hat awry, her hair out of place, a daub of
mud on her cheek, and her skirts beplastered with sticky mire, and
caught here and there with brambles. Somewhat to the children’s
surprise, she took the disaster humorously, too.
 “I don’t look a scrap worse than you four do,” she said. “But I’m
thankful there are no eyes really scratched out, and no arms or legs
broken; nothing but torn clothes, and dirty hands and faces, all of
which can be set right in an hour or so. Now let’s scramble for
home, and we’re plenty of time to get in spick and span order before
your father and mother come home.”
“I’m glad it isn’t later,” said Marjorie. “Just think of their catching
us looking like this!”
They went home by a back street, and fortunately met no one on
the way.
As they entered their own gate, and walked up the driveway,
Marjorie said:
“It reminds me of the night we walked up here with the
Simpsons. Only, we’re a worse-looking crowd than they were.”
“We’re a worse-looking crowd than anybody ever was anywhere,”
said King, with conviction. “Here, Rosy Posy, you walking mud-
puddle, brother’ll carry you up the steps.”
Rosy Posy nestled her soft, muddy cheek against King’s equally
muddy one, for she dearly loved her big brother, and liked to have
him carry her now and then.
Up the steps they went, and in at the front door, and there, in
the hall, stood—Mr. and Mrs. Maynard!
“Oh, Mother!” cried Marjorie; “oh, Mother!”
“Oh, Midget!” was the response, and then, regardless of the
muddiness of Midget, and the tidiness of Mrs. Maynard, the two little
arms flew round the mother’s neck, and Marjorie’s kisses left visible
evidence on her mother’s pretty pink cheeks.
“It was nice of you to fix up like this to welcome us,” said Mr.
Maynard, who had Rosy Posy in his arm now, and Kitty clinging to
his other side.
Then muddy Kingdon was folded in his mother’s embrace, and
then, somehow, everybody embraced everybody else, quite
thoughtless of mud or scratches.
“But what’s it all about?” went on Mr. Maynard. “I like it—oh,
don’t think I don’t like it! but—it’s a new style to me.”
 “I feel that I am responsible for the children,” began Miss Larkin,
and all at once Marjorie saw that Miss Larkin was painfully
embarrassed at having seemingly neglected her charge.
“Not a bit of it!” declared Midget, flying to Miss Larkin’s side, and
embracing the muddy lady; “it isn’t the least bit Larky’s fault! Is it,
King? We went for a spring ramble——”
“And you sprang in,” interrupted her father.
“Yes, we did. And we didn’t expect you so soon, and we thought
we’d get cleaned up ’fore you came. But you came sooner than we
’spected, didn’t you?”
“Yes; we caught an earlier train than I thought we could.”
“Well,” Marjorie went on, “I’m glad you did—awful glad—’cause it
didn’t seem’s if I could wait for you another minute! But I’m sorry
we look so ’sreputable—but we can soon get washed, you know—
only, I just want to say it wasn’t Larky’s fault—not the leastest mite!
She’s done the best she could to take care of us Maynards, and
make us behave. But nobody can make Maynards behave. Can they,
Father?”
“No,” said Mr. Maynard, with twinkling eyes, and a glance at his
wife; “no, nobody can make Maynards behave—but Maynards!”

This Isn’t All!

Would you like to know what became of the good friends you have
made in this book?

Would you like to read other stories continuing their adventures and
experiences, or other books quite as entertaining by the same
author?

On the reverse side of the wrapper which comes with this book, you
will find a wonderful list of stories which you can buy at the same
store where you got this book.
 Don’t throw away the Wrapper
Use it as a handy catalog of the books you want some day to have.
But in case you do mislay it, write to the Publishers for a complete
catalog.

CAROLYN WELLS BOOKS

Attractively Bound. Illustrated. Colored Wrappers.

THE PATTY BOOKS

Patty is a lovable girl whose frank good nature and beauty lend
charm to her varied adventures. These stories are packed with
excitement and interest for girls.

PATTY FAIRFIELD
PATTY AT HOME
PATTY IN THE CITY
PATTY’S SUMMER DAYS
PATTY IN PARIS
PATTY’S FRIENDS
PATTY’S PLEASURE TRIP
PATTY’S SUCCESS
PATTY’S MOTOR CAR
PATTY’S BUTTERFLY DAYS

THE MARJORIE BOOKS

Marjorie is a happy little girl of twelve, up to mischief, but full of
goodness and sincerity. In her and her friends every girl reader will
see much of her own love of fun, play and adventure.
MARJORIE’S VACATION
MARJORIE’S BUSY DAYS
MARJORIE’S NEW FRIEND
MARJORIE IN COMMAND
MARJORIE’S MAYTIME
MARJORIE AT SEACOTE

THE TWO LITTLE WOMEN SERIES

Introducing Dorinda Fayre—a pretty blonde, sweet, serious, timid
and a little slow, and Dorothy Rose—a sparkling brunette, quick, elf-
like, high tempered, full of mischief and always getting into scrapes.

TWO LITTLE WOMEN

TWO LITTLE WOMEN AND TREASURE HOUSE
TWO LITTLE WOMEN ON A HOLIDAY

THE DICK AND DOLLY BOOKS

Dick and Dolly are brother and sister, and their games, their
pranks, their joys and sorrows, are told in a manner which makes
the stories “really true” to young readers.

DICK AND DOLLY

DICK AND DOLLY’S ADVENTURES

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

THE LILIAN GARIS BOOKS

Illustrated. Every Volume Complete in Itself.
 Among her “fan” letters Lilian Garis receives some flattering
testimonials of her girl readers’ interest in her stories. From a class
of thirty comes a vote of twenty-five naming her as their favorite
author. Perhaps it is the element of live mystery that Mrs. Garis
always builds her stories upon, or perhaps it is because the girls
easily can translate her own sincere interest in themselves from the
stories. At any rate her books prosper through the changing
conditions of these times, giving pleasure, satisfaction, and,
incidentally, that tactful word or inspiration, so important in literature
for young girls. Mrs. Garis prefers to call her books “juvenile novels”
and in them romance is never lacking.

JUDY JORDAN
JUDY JORDAN’S DISCOVERY
SALLY FOR SHORT
SALLY FOUND OUT
A GIRL CALLED TED
TED AND TONY, TWO GIRLS OF TODAY
CLEO’S MISTY RAINBOW
CLEO’S CONQUEST
BARBARA HALE
BARBARA HALE’S MYSTERY FRIEND
NANCY BRANDON
NANCY BRANDON’S MYSTERY
CONNIE LORING
CONNIE LORING’S GYPSY FRIEND
JOAN: JUST GIRL
JOAN’S GARDEN OF ADVENTURE
GLORIA: A GIRL AND HER DAD
GLORIA AT BOARDING SCHOOL

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

 THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS SERIES
By GRACE BROOKS HILL

These splendid stories of the adventures of four young girls who

occupy the old corner house left to them by a rich bachelor uncle
will appeal to all young girls. They contain all the elements which
delight youthful readers—action, mystery, humor and excitement.
These girls have become the best friends of many children
throughout the country.

THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS

THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS AT SCHOOL
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS UNDER CANVAS
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS IN A PLAY
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS’ ODD FIND
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS ON A TOUR
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS GROWING UP
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS SNOWBOUND
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS ON A HOUSEBOAT
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS AMONG THE GYPSIES
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS ON PALM ISLAND
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS SOLVE A MYSTERY
THE CORNER HOUSE GIRLS FACING THE WORLD

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

THE LINDA LANE SERIES

By JOSEPHINE LAWRENCE

“The trouble with Linda Lane,” said Mrs. Quincy, “is that she can’t
get along with folks.” Linda didn’t have any friends so it wasn’t
remarkable that she was unhappy. But when she goes home with
lovely Miss Gilly, a new life begins for her and she learns how to get
along with people and be happy.
Linda admires independence above all traits of character. In this
series about her you may follow her adventures and learn how she
faced her problems in her own way.

LINDA LANE
LINDA LANE HELPS OUT
LINDA LANE’S PLAN
LINDA LANE’S EXPERIMENTS
LINDA LANE’S PROBLEMS
LINDA LANE’S BIG SISTER

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

THE MARY JANE SERIES

By CLARA INGRAM JUDSON

Pretty little Mary Jane is the heroine of this popular series for
young girls. Her charming good nature, her abounding interest in
her friends and surroundings, and her fascinating adventures have
endeared her to thousands all over the country.

MARY JANE—HER BOOK

MARY JANE—HER VISIT
MARY JANE’S KINDERGARTEN
MARY JANE DOWN SOUTH
MARY JANE’S CITY HOME
MARY JANE IN NEW ENGLAND
MARY JANE’S COUNTRY HOME
MARY JANE AT SCHOOL
MARY JANE IN CANADA
MARY JANE’S SUMMER FUN
MARY JANE’S WINTER SPORTS
MARY JANE’S VACATION
MARY JANE IN ENGLAND
MARY JANE IN SCOTLAND
MARY JANE IN FRANCE
MARY JANE IN SWITZERLAND

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

THE POLLY SERIES

By DOROTHY WHITEHILL

This lively series for girls is about the adventures of pretty,

resourceful Polly Pendleton, a wide awake American girl who goes to
boarding school on the Hudson River, several miles above New York.
By her pluck and genial smile she soon makes a name for herself
and becomes a leader in girl activities.
Besides relating Polly’s adventures at school these books tell of
her summer vacations and her experiences in many different scenes.
Every girl who loves action and excitement will want to follow Polly
on her many adventures.

POLLY’S FIRST YEAR AT BOARDING SCHOOL

POLLY’S SUMMER VACATION
POLLY’S SENIOR YEAR AT BOARDING SCHOOL
POLLY SEES THE WORLD AT WAR
POLLY AND LOIS
POLLY AND BOB
POLLY’S REUNION
POLLY’S POLLY
POLLY AT PIXIE’S HAUNT
POLLY’S HOUSE PARTY
POLLY’S POLLY AT BOARDING SCHOOL
JOYFUL ADVENTURES OF POLLY

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

THE “TWINS” SERIES

By DOROTHY WHITEHILL

Here is a sparkling series of stories for girls. The “Twins” have a

charm all of their own. At first each of them grows up without
knowing of the existence of the other, but finally they are brought
together in beautiful surroundings. Janet is independent and
impulsive, but Phyllis is reserved and more likely to think before she
leaps. The combination of these traits leads them into many happy,
carefree adventures.

JANET, A TWIN
PHYLLIS, A TWIN
THE TWINS IN THE WEST
THE TWINS IN THE SOUTH
THE TWINS’ SUMMER VACATION
THE TWINS AND TOMMY, JR.
THE TWINS AT HOME
THE TWINS’ WEDDING
THE TWINS ADVENTURING
THE TWINS AT CAMP
THE TWINS ABROAD
THE TWINS A-VISITING

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

 THE HARDY BOYS SERIES
By FRANKLIN W. DIXON

Illustrated. Every Volume Complete in Itself.

T he Hardy Boys are sons of a celebrated American detective, and

during vacations and their off time from school they help their
father by hunting down clues themselves.
THE TOWER TREASURE—A dying criminal confessed that
his loot had been secreted “in the tower.” It remained for the Hardy
Boys to make an astonishing discovery that cleared up the mystery.
THE HOUSE ON THE CLIFF—The house had been vacant
and was supposed to be haunted. Mr. Hardy started to investigate—
and disappeared! An odd tale, with plenty of excitement.
THE SECRET OF THE OLD MILL—Counterfeit money
was in circulation, and the limit was reached when Mrs. Hardy took
some from a stranger. A tale full of thrills.
THE MISSING CHUMS—Two of the Hardy Boys’ chums take
a motor trip down the coast. They disappear and are almost rescued
by their friends when all are captured. A thrilling story of adventure.
HUNTING FOR HIDDEN GOLD—Mr. Hardy is injured in
tracing some stolen gold. A hunt by the boys leads to an abandoned
mine, and there things start to happen. A western story all boys will
enjoy.
THE SHORE ROAD MYSTERY—Automobiles were
disappearing most mysteriously from the Shore Road. It remained
for the Hardy Boys to solve the mystery.
THE SECRET OF THE CAVES—When the boys reached
the caves they came unexpectedly upon a queer old hermit.
THE MYSTERY OF CABIN ISLAND—A story of queer
adventures on a rockbound island.
THE GREAT AIRPORT MYSTERY—The Hardy Boys
solve the mystery of the disappearance of some valuable mail.
WHAT HAPPENED AT MIDNIGHT—The boys follow a
trail that ends in a strange and exciting situation.
WHILE THE CLOCK TICKED—The Hardy Boys aid in
vindicating a man who has been wrongly accused of a crime.

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

THE JOYCE PAYTON SERIES

By DOROTHY WHITEHILL

Between the covers of these books will be found the kind of

people all girls like to meet in real life. There is Joyce Payton, known
as Joy, who has a remarkable knowledge of gypsy customs. She is a
universal favorite among girls. Then, too, there is Pam, Joy’s partner
in adventure, and Gypsy Joe, the little Romany genius who has a
magical fiddle—and we mustn’t forget Gloria, a city bred cousin and
spoiled darling who feels like a “cat in a strange garret” with Joy and
her friends.

JOY AND GYPSY JOE

JOY AND PAM
JOY AND HER CHUMS
JOY AND PAM AT BROOKSIDE
JOY AND PAM A-SAILING

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

 THE NANCY DREW MYSTERY STORIES
By CAROLYN KEENE

Illustrated. Every Volume Complete in Itself.

Here is a thrilling series of mystery stories for girls. Nancy Drew,

ingenious, alert, is the daughter of a famous criminal lawyer and she
herself is deeply interested in his mystery cases. Her interest
involves her often in some very dangerous and exciting situations.

THE SECRET OF THE OLD CLOCK

Nancy, unaided, seeks to locate a missing will and finds herself is
the midst of adventure.

THE HIDDEN STAIRCASE

Mysterious happenings in an old stone mansion lead to an
investigation by Nancy.

THE BUNGALOW MYSTERY

Nancy has some perilous experiences around a deserted
bungalow.

THE MYSTERY AT LILAC INN

Quick thinking and quick action were needed for Nancy to
extricate herself from a dangerous situation.

THE SECRET AT SHADOW RANCH

On a vacation in Arizona Nancy uncovers an old mystery and
solves it.

THE SECRET OF RED GATE FARM

Nancy exposes the doings of a secret society on an isolated farm.

THE CLUE IN THE DIARY

A fascinating and exciting story of a search for a clue to a
surprising mystery.
 NANCY’S MYSTERIOUS LETTER
Nancy receives a letter informing her that she is heir to a fortune.
This story tells of her search for another Nancy Drew.

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

THE ELIZABETH ANN SERIES

By JOSEPHINE LAWRENCE

Elizabeth Ann is a charming girl who has various delightful

adventures. You first meet her when she is traveling alone on a
train. Her parents have sailed for Japan, and she is sent to visit her
numerous relatives. Of course, she meets many new friends during
her travels. With some of them she is quite happy, and with others—
but that’s all in the stories. However, any difficulty she encounters is
soon overcome by her clever brain, her kindness of heart, and her
absolute honesty.
Each volume in this series holds a complete story in itself.

THE ADVENTURES OF ELIZABETH ANN

ELIZABETH ANN AT MAPLE SPRING
ELIZABETH ANN’S SIX COUSINS
ELIZABETH ANN AND DORIS
ELIZABETH ANN’S BORROWED GRANDMA
ELIZABETH ANN’S SPRING VACATION
ELIZABETH ANN AND UNCLE DOCTOR
ELIZABETH ANN’S HOUSEBOAT

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

 GREAT SPORT STORIES
For Every Sport Season

By HAROLD M. SHERMAN

Here’s an author who knows his sports from having played them.
Baseball, football, basketball, ice hockey, tennis, track—they’re all
the same to Harold M. Sherman. He puts the most thrilling moments
of these sports into his tales. Mr. Sherman is today’s most popular
writer of sport stories—all of which are crowded with action,
suspense and clean, vigorous fun.
The Home Run Series
Bases Full!
Hit by Pitcher
Safe!
Hit and Run
Double Play
Batter Up!

The Basketball Series

Mayfield’s Fighting Five
Get ’Em Mayfield
Shoot That Ball!

The Gridiron Series

Goal to Go
Hold That Line!
Touchdown
Block That Kick!
One Minute to Play
Fight ’Em, Big Three

The Ice Hockey Series

Flashing Steel
Flying Heels
Slashing Sticks

Other Stories of Sport and Adventure

The Land of Monsters
Beyond the Dog’s Nose
Cameron McBain Backwoodsman
Ding Palmer Air Detective
Don Rader, Trail Blazer
No. 44

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

 WESTERN STORIES FOR BOYS
By JAMES CODY FERRIS

Each Volume Complete in Itself.

Thrilling tales of the great west, told primarily for boys but which
will be read by all who love mystery, rapid action, and adventures in
the great open spaces.
The Manly boys, Roy and Teddy, are the sons of an old
ranchman, the owner of many thousands of heads of cattle. The lads
know how to ride, how to shoot, and how to take care of themselves
under any and all circumstances.
The cowboys of the X Bar X Ranch are real cowboys, on the job
when required, but full of fun and daring—a bunch any reader will
be delighted to know.

THE X BAR X BOYS ON THE RANCH

THE X BAR X BOYS IN THUNDER CANYON
THE X BAR X BOYS ON WHIRLPOOL RIVER
THE X BAR X BOYS ON BIG BISON TRAIL
THE X BAR X BOYS AT THE ROUND-UP
THE X BAR X BOYS AT NUGGET CAMP
THE X BAR X BOYS AT RUSTLER’S GAP
THE X BAR X BOYS AT GRIZZLY PASS
THE X BAR X BOYS LOST IN THE ROCKIES
THE X BAR X BOYS RIDING FOR LIFE
THE X BAR X BOYS IN SMOKY VALLEY

GROSSET & DUNLAP, Publishers, NEW YORK

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