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GCSE Formula Sheet

Mathematics (The Sydney Russell School)

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GCSE/iGCSE Maths Formulae Sheet
2D Shapes Statistics Right Angled Trigonometry
! Frequency Density Frequency density 5 .4,** :)(+;
67/85/-.9
Pythagoras !! " # ! $ % !
Area of Triangle x base x height if given hyp&subtract, if finding hyp&add
"
"## &'( "##
Area of Parallelogram base x height SOHCAHTOA '() * + $ , c,-.*+ $ /. 0!1.*+ $
$%# $%# &'(
D AHI
Pie chart .,+/<379 67/85/-.9
Area of Rectangle !"# Angle5 +3+,4

Area of Trapezoid ! Cumulative frequency This is a running total of the frequencies

$ "$(sum of parallel sides) x height Box Plot
"
Circumference & Area: % & '()* + & () " Exact Trig Values
Circle
Length of an arc #
" '()
$%&
Area of a Sector # Fractions/Decimals/Percentages Non Right-Angled Trigonometry
" () " & - /
$%&
Simplifying Fractions Step 1: Find a factor of both numbers i.e. a number that fits in both Sine Rule Finding a side: $ $
3D Shapes the numerator AND denominator )*+, )*+. )*+0
123 , 123 . 123 0
Cuboid Surface area 34 5 6#% + 6#7 + 6%7
Step 2: Say how many times for each Finding an angle: $ $
Step 3: Check whether you can do steps 1 and 2 again. & - /
where x, y , z are side lengths
Fraction Of Amount
!
= of amount Cosine Rule 2()3()4.5.'(367 !! $ #! " % ! 8 9#% :;' <
8 5 #%7 -!6/ !4&!
"
Cuboid Volume Step 1: Divide amount by b Finding an angle: < $ :;' 45 = >
where x, y , z are side lengths Step 2: Multiply answer found by T !-/
34 5 69:; + 69: # Step 1: Divide the numerator by the denominator Area of Triangle ?
Cylinder Surface Area Improper to Mixed
!#-@1A
Note: Curved part: 2<=> Step 2: Write down the whole number answer to step 1
9
Step 3: Put the remainder in the numerator. The new denominator & - /
Cylinder Volume 8 5 9: #; remains the same as that of the original improper fraction. Sine Rule Finding a side: $ $
)*+, )*+. )*+0
Cone Surface Area 34 5 9:? + 9: # Mixed to Improper Step 1: Multiply the whole number by the fraction’s denominator 123 , 123 . 123 0
Note: Curved part: 9:?, ? is slant length Step 2: Add the numerator to step 1 and this is the new numerator Finding an angle: $ $
& - /
Cone Volume @ Step 3: write the result the top of the original denominator
Functions
8 5 9: #; +&JKL& . Fractions Need a common denominator (the smallest number that that both
A the numerator and denominator fit into) Inverse Replace !"#$ with %, swap #&& %'&solve for %
Sphere Surface Area 34 5 B9: # D Fractions Don’t need common denominator.
Note: Hemisphere A9: # Can cancel diagonally or vertically, not horizontally. Composite !("#$ means plug ("#$ into !"#$
Sphere Volume B G Fractions Don’t need a common denominator.
C 5 9: $ “Keep change flip” Transformations a=vertical stretch sf ), b=horizontal stretch sf "
!
A
Note: Hemisphere= $ 9: $
# Decimal to Fraction Write over 10,100,1000 etc depending on how many places after )!"*# + ,$ + - c=translation c units x direction
the decimal and simplify.
“anything in a bracket affects
Prism Volume 8 5Area of cross section x height Decimal to Percent Multiply by 100 d=translation d units in y direction
# and does the opposite” !".#$=reflcn in %&/012&&& . &!"#$=reflcn in #&/012
8 5 $ D *)EF&):F) D ;
! Write as an equivalent fraction over 10,100,1000 etc and then easy
Pyramid Volume Fraction to Decimal
to divide by this number
OR
Circle Theorems
Indices Use short division if can’t write as an equivalent fraction
Multiplication * & T * - $ * &6- Fraction to Percent Turn into a decimal and then just a decimal to percent question i.e. Angle at the centre is double the angle at the circumference
G* & H- $ * &-= multiply decimal found by 100

G%* & U - H' $ % ' * &' U -' Percent to Decimal Divide by 100

*& Percent to Fraction Write over 100 and simplify

Division
* & V * - $ - $ * &4-
* Geometry
Negative Powers ? Straight Line Equation Slope intercept % 5 M# + ,
* 4+ $ +
¥
* ¥ General )# + *% + - 5 I
Fractions ; 4+ %# ; + ;#
$. # $. #
To get this form we put all the terms from form 1 on one side
=%> ;
and =%> % and multiply all terms by the denominators to get rid of the
+ += fractions (if we have them) Angles subtended in the same Angle in a semicircle is a
Fractional Powers
!> $ W X!Y
$
2NOPQ 5 &RS&& @%?@!
Straight Line Gradient/Slope >!?>% > ?> segment by a chord are equal right angle
@!?@% % !
Percentages Between 2 Points In English this formula just says: subtract the y coordinates and
&"#! ' %! $' &"## , %#$ divide by the answer we get by subtracting the U coordinates. It
One amount as a % of the ! as a percentage of "
!
doesn’t matter which way round we subtract, just so long as we
# $%%
other amount keep the same direction

(wants answer as a %) " Coordinates of midpoint of 2 V1WPO1XY 5 Z ' # [

@%&@! >%&>!

Look for the words as a percent of points T#! , &%! U&' "## , %#$ #
In English this formula just says: Add the U coordinates and divide
?2@@A9A3BA by 2 (i.e. find the average) and add the V coordinates and divide by
Percentage gain/loss # $%%
C92D237E 2 (i.e. find the average)
(wants answer as a %) Look for the words percentage Distance Between 2 Points W12Y/X\Q 5 ]"## . #! $# + "%# . %!$#
gain/loss/increase/decrease "#!&' %! $&' "## , %#$
Find percentage of an & Methods to find the equation of a straight line
# '()*+,
amount $%% Tangents which meet at a point are equal Opposite angles of a cyclic
D2FA3=7GCH3I in length quadrilateral add to BCD+
Given % of an amount, %
find the full amount &'' We use the letter M to represent slope and , to represent %& intercept. If we can find the
J
gradient M and %&intercept , then we are done.
Increasing/decreasing by amount-$ . / Step 1: Find the gradient M using one of the following 5 ways
5KK
a% +&if increase ¥ Way 1: If given a graph ^ pick any 2 points on the graph and use AEF
ABCD

.&if decrease
LGCH3I
Given % of an amount %
5M&''
after amount has been ⟹
+&if increase
added or subtracted, find .&if decrease Watch out: All points need
the full amount Look for the words originally, at the to be on the circumference!
beginning, before… Alternate segment theorem: A tangent meets a radius at
The angle between a tangent and a side of ED+
Pyramid Method For Percentages:
a triangle is equal to the opposite angle
¥ Way 2: If given a graph ^ pick any 2 points on the graph and use the slope formula
Pink horizontal line means divide "G$
blue line means multiply "D$ ^ The graph on the left has the following coordinates

Pick Told parallel

¥ any pair of coordinates. to another
Let’s choose line ^
8cdef:=aXg=8ded:
Cross off what you want and do the resulting operation (multiplication or division)
Note: we use the pyramid on the right if increasing/decreasing by an amount
J
Simple Interest amount + =5Z;L)[ T T [(Z6>
5KK
(interest on initial amount) J
Interest = 5Z;L)[ T T [(Z6 Extra helpful facts to remember
5KK ¥ Way 3: If given another line parallel to ^ locate M for this line and use same slope
Note: Make sure t and % are same unit of time ' ( )* + , ' (*-) ' ( +* - . ' ( +) - /* ' ( ) + .*
Compound Interest (interest N O 0 ( 12 + 3 0 (2-1 0 (2-1 Need to re-order Need to re-order
FV $.PV=? " > this first since it is this first
added also earns interest) 5KK= We can spot this This means the This means the not in the form 0 (
straight away same as same as 52 - 6 0 ( +42 - 1
FV=future value, PV=present value gradient ( 1 0 ( 32 - 1 0 ( +32 - 4 0 ( 72 + 1
0=time, \= interest rate gradient ( 3 gradient ( +3 gradient ( 7
gradient ( +4

Quadratics '-* (. ' + )* ( 8 )* - .' ( 8 8* + )' ( 9 * - )' - 8 ( :

We need to use We need to use We need to use We need to use We need to use
Quadratic Function: Solutions 4-MQ-!4R&/ For two intersecting chords, the products of their diagonals are equal
*$ !RS
algebra to re- algebra to re- algebra to re- algebra to re- algebra to re-
,
to ]^P " _^ " ` $ D !&
arrange arrange arrange
40 ( +12 - ;
arrange
+10 ( +;2 - <
arrange
!# $ %F !G! " #H $ %G% " FH
0 ( +2 - 4 0 ( 12 - ; 10 ( +2 + ;
+12 - ; +;2 - <
Completing The Square - ! -! 0( 0(
! =* a > "%8
This means the 4 +1 +2 + ;
0(
]^P a _^ " ` $ D
gradient ( 1 We can split this up We can split this up
!& R&
same as 1
in order to separate in order to separate We can split this up
the gradient and 0 the gradient and 0 in order to separate
-!
0 ( +32 - 4
Max/Min Value % 8 intercept intercept the gradient and 0
R& gradient ( +3 intercept
1 ; ; <
0(+ 2- 0( 2+
Compound Measures 4 4 1 1 3
0(+ 2+
1
;
1
#
()*+,-./ We can simplify the
Speed speed5 +)1/ fraction
gradient ( "
!
gradient ( + "
3 ;
1,**
Density density5 23451/ 0(+ 2-
1 4 Series (iGCSE only)
Pressure 637./
pressure5 ,7/,
gradient ( + "
!
Arithmetic sequence: IJK.term:
¥ Way 4: If given another line old perpendicular to ^ locate M&&for this line and don’t L3 $ 5 " G) 8 ?H3
use the same slope but instead ”flip the fraction and change the sign” (this I just the sum of n terms
Pink horizontal line means divide "G$ ) 1
fact that perpendicular slopes multiply to make .1. M3 $ N95 " G) 8 ?H3O $ G! " PH
Green vertical line means multiply "D$ 9 9
If a line has slope 2 WXYZ[\=Z]^_=`[aX_=Z][=_a`[=a_= $b then a perpendicular slope is c #=
# $
o
o If a line has slope c %= then a perpendicular slope is #=
# % ! $first term, d= common diff, P=last term
cross off what you want and do the resulting operation (multiplication or division) Geometric sequence: L3 $ 5Q 345
If a line has slope %= then a perpendicular slope is cd=
$
o
78549": 789"45:
Congruent Shapes Way 5: If given 2 points ^&use formula
>!?>%
&&& M3 $ $ ,rR?
549 945
¥ @!?@%
SSS (side side side) Three sides of each triangle equal Step 2: Find the _ intercept ` using one of the following 2 ways where ! $first term, r= common ratio
SAS (side angle side) Two sides and included angle equal ¥ Way 1: read it off the graph (if given graph this is where the graph crosses the % axis Differentiation (iGCSE only)
AAS (angle angle side) Two angles and corresponding side equal ¥ Way 2: plug the point given "#' %$ into the equation (replace #&with the # value and
% with the % value).
Rule * + & 1* +45
RHS (right hypotenuse leg) Contains right angle and hypotenuse and Remember: Constants go to 0
another side equal '%
Make sure the slope M from step 1 is plugged in and solve/re-arrange for , using Turning/Stationary Points Solve $S
Direct/Indirect Proportion U.is … proportional to * algebra. Make sure you plug in the point that the line passes through, not just any (Max/Min) ';
S point.
Directly: U $ b* , Inversely: U $ Proving whether Max/Min Use knowledge of shape of graph
; Circles "# . )$# + "% . *$# 5 : # "* ! happy face min
centre ")' *$, radius :
8* ! sad face max
<
"* max on left, min on right
<
8* min on left, max on right

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