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Elements of Spreadsheets (2)

The document provides an overview of electronic spreadsheets, detailing their components, applications, and various data types. It explains key terms such as workbook, worksheet, and cell referencing, along with different types of functions including mathematical, statistical, and logical functions. Additionally, it describes cell data types and the methods for referencing cells within formulas.

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goferom840
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2 views

Elements of Spreadsheets (2)

The document provides an overview of electronic spreadsheets, detailing their components, applications, and various data types. It explains key terms such as workbook, worksheet, and cell referencing, along with different types of functions including mathematical, statistical, and logical functions. Additionally, it describes cell data types and the methods for referencing cells within formulas.

Uploaded by

goferom840
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Contents

SPREADSHEETS ..................................................................................................................................................................................2
Examples: ......................................................................................................................................................................................2
Application Areas: .........................................................................................................................................................................3
Terms .............................................................................................................................................................................................4
COMPONENTS OF A SPREADSHEET ...............................................................................................................................................6
CELL DATA TYPES ...........................................................................................................................................................................6

Figure 1 photo 1 ................................................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.


Figure 2 Photo 2 ................................................................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
ELEMENTS OF A SPREADSHEET
ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEET

Program with a grid of rows and


columns intersecting to form
cells where entries are made.

Examples :

1. Visicalc
2. Supercalc
3. Multiplan
4. Lotus 123
5. Ms-Excel
Application Areas:
1.Data management – sort,
filter, charts, subtotals & totals
functions
2.Statistical analysis of data
using formulae and functions
3.Forecasting – prediction
(Using What if analysis tool)
4.Accounting – prepares various
financial statements
5.Scientific application –
analysis of experimentation
data
Terms
1. Workbook –main file in a
spreadsheet package
2. Worksheet – is grid of rows
and columns where data
entries are made
3. Cell Pointer – a thick outline
that emphasizes the currently
active cell
4. Cell address – identifier of a
cell consisting of column letter
and row number
5. Name box – space where
the address of the active cell
appears
6. Formula bar – space where
content of the active cell
appears
COMPONENTS OF A SPREADSHEET
1. Worksheet – grid of rows and columns
where data entries are made
2. Database – the collection of data entered
onto the worksheet
3. Chart/Graph – pictorial representation of
part or entire data on a worksheet

CELL DATA TYPES


1. Labels - text that is used for identification
purpose. Can include letters, numbers and special
characters. They cannot be mathematically
manipulated e.g. names of places, names of
peoples, gender etc
2. Values – include numbers and other special
characters that can be mathematically manipulated.
For example marks of an exam, temperature values,
age. Special symbols may include , . ()$/*-+^
3. Formulas - user defined mathematical
expression
Components:
 = begins
 Cell addresses and/or values
 Mathematical operators (-+/*^)
Function – inbuilt or ready-made formula for
calculations
Components:

 Equal sign = begins


 Function name
 Cell argument – cell
addresses/ cell range
CELL REFERENCING
Defines location of a cell
There are four types of cell referencing:
a) Relative cell referencing – bound to
change if the formula is copied e.g.
=F2*G2
b) Absolute cell referencing – does not
adjust when the formula is copied. Both
c) the letter and number of cell address is
preceded by $ e.g. =$F$2*$G$2
d) Mixed cell referencing – it’s partially
absolute. Either the column letter or row
number is preceded by $ e.g. =F$2/20
e) Referencing using names – the cell has
to be named first so that the label is used
to reference the cell’s content.
Name a cell by:
 Selecting it
 Delete the cell reference in name box
 Type the intended name
 Press enter key
TYPES OF FUNCTIONS
A]Mathematical functions
1. Sum - add values in a given range
=Sum(A1,10)
2. Product – multiplies values in a certain
range/ provided in the argument.
=Product(A1,A5), =PRODUCT(A5,10)
3. Round – rounds off a fractional
number to a specified decimal places
=Round(A1,2)

B] Statistical functions
1. Average –calculates the mean
=Average(A1:H1)
2. Max – returns the highest value in a
range
=Max(B1:B100)
3. Min – returns the lowest value from a
range
=Min(B1:B100)
4. Mode – returns the most recurring
value
=Mode(A1:A100)
5. Count – returns the number of cells
that have values
=Count(A1:A100)
6. CountA – counts all non-blank cells
=CountA(A1:A100)
7. Rank – it will compare the weight of a
given value against the weight of others
and returns its position in weightage.
=Rank(A1,A$1:A$56,0)
C] Logical functions
1. Sumif –adds values that meet a given
condition
=sumif(A1:A20,”>=10000”)
2. COUNTIF – Counts values that meet a
given condition eg
=Countif(A1:A120,”>=10000”)
3. AVERAGEIF – Calculates the mean of
values that meet a given condition
=averageif(A1:A20,”>=10000”)

4. IF – evaluates a conditional expression


then returns a certain comment if the
condition is true and a different one if it is
false
5. AND – returns true if all the arguments are
true and false if any of the arguments is false
6. OR – returns true if any of the arguments is
true and false if all the arguments are false

7. NOT – NEGATES THE UNARY OPERAND

=NOT(4+7=11)
Returns FALSE

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