ee Media Study Tools goomect tha [Biotocy rt sources avaiable eaming tools, and animations. The Chapter in Review ee Summary TT 22. The Body's Organization Levels of animal organization: Gals —> Tesues —> Organs —> Organ Systems —~ Organism four groups of vertebrate tissues: ==] fpithelial Tissue Protects Epithelial issue covers the body and lines its cavities + Types of epithelial tssue are squamous, cuboidal, an columnar. * Epithelial cells sometimes form glands tha secrete either ito ducts into the blood. Connective Tissue Connects and Supports Inconnective tissue, cells are separated by a matrix that contains bers (e3. collagen bers). The four types are + Loose fbrous connective tissue including adipose tissue + Dense fibrous connective tissue (tendons and ligaments) * Cartilage and bone (matrix for eartilage is more flexible than that forbone) + Blood (matrcisa liquid called plasm) ‘Muscular Tissue Moves the Body ‘Musclartissue sof three types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. + Both skeletal muscle attached to bones) and cardiac muscle fms theheart wall are striated. ‘ORGAN SYSTEMS CHAPTER22 Being Organized and Steady — 427 ot www.mhhe.com/maderessentials3 about tha eat of this chapter with study tools and practice tests Also ask your instructor through ConnectPis, Including the media rch eBook, interactive SS + Both cardiac muscle alo heat and smooth muscle (nal of internal organ are voluntary. Nervous Tissue Communicates + Nervous tissue composed of neurons and several types of pastes + Eachnevron has dents, ellbody,andan axon Axons conduct nerve impute. 22.2 Organs and Organ Systems Crgans make up organ systems, which ae summarzed inthe accompanying table. 22.3 Homeostasis ‘eeratarenasotes aa aial tle ne p= mate ee ee eee Raa a eae ee eee ae aaa aise renee + The respiratory system carries out gas exchange with the external environment and the blood, * The urinary system 2, the kidneys) removes metabolic wastes and regulate the pl and salt content ofthe blood, + The nervous system and endocrine system regulate the other systems.a 428 rear snmtsncine anton Negative Feedback ‘pate lersecknchnnshep inter ervesoaely Seven ater Pe retort en a owe enn + Iegion od gc by tn {Reon scenery thot ena + Inte ftps ena en th jm KeyTerms me Testingousdi —— 1. tebe ee opel arentten beeing ? alll. peepee tec ty yh he semantic sone aepngtcs € rete ton ouching ac oe pre ety ato ce sie over echo fopekesot i Thinking Scentifialy — Scena Gatco c = = fccthialse —— ‘organ insurance seo on aor penialbemaltoms \ 'RE eer miosamn tonics Sm Matnnunaag yrs 9 vadable teaugh ConmecePhs including te me < mde 1h snd cn USN 241 oa sreftamasorimanesth Nese Tm pyontn Trehivo une twoventie 0c, looses Sas cantare eine nsonrs Rect m eesti + non pene csed yest fe Ao eg (ircsne rere + Steel ma anecion lage ers he few Sitincvenn wnt haves prvenang thus ood Has Two Cis Pat pment. 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Langs nd External Exchange of Gases + Aveo are surounded by pulmonary cpl. + Oycifses rom the Blood inate sel and 0; uxesntothe ‘blood from the alveoli, because oftheir respective concentration gadis. + Hemoglobin takes up ongen. TTansport and Internal Exchange of Gases Onygenfor cellular respiration follows this path: + Tensported by the ion portion of hemoglobin + Exits bind ae tases cfusion + Givenup by hemoglobin incapires because our resiation makes dues warmer and mor ai ‘atondosde. from cellar respiration follows ts path + Emersbiood by difusion "Taken up by red blood cells or joins * Carbonic ca beeaks down to" and with waterto form carbonic al bicarbonate fon (HCO; (CHAPTERIE The Maintenance Systems 471 wwew.mbhe.com/maderessentials3 chapter with study took and practice ests, Also ask y tools and practice rests Also ask your instructor able through ConnectPus, including the mecieich eBook interactive Bearbonate fons are cried in plasma." combines with globin of hemoglobin. * Inthelungs joins with bsearbonatelon toform carbonic aid, which Breaks downto water andearbon donde. 24.2 Urinary System and Excretion ‘The kidneys perform the following functions: + Excete nitrogenous wastes, such as urea ane unc ec + Nintan the norma waterslt balance flood + Mainain the 2c base balance of blood ‘The urinary system consists ofthese parts: + Kidneys: Produce urine ei + Ureters:Take urine othe bladder + Urinary bladder: Stores urine + Urethra: Releases urine tothe outside Kidneys croscopy the Kidneys have tree partsrenal eorex rena meula and renal pes, Mioscopcly they Comal the nephvons Anephon has nephron caps proximal bul, ‘eprom oop. ard dtl ble Urine fermatonequies hee steps: + Fieation Wate natens an ‘rst ove fom the lead othe inside ofthe nephron capsule. «+ Reabsorption: Panky aks, wate, nantes ar reabsorbed athe provinal tubule. «Secretion: Crain substances (e9. hydrogen ions re tansprted inate da ule blood. Regulation of WaterSalt Balance and pH. Animalsegulate ther ‘smoariy: examples ae the Malpighian tubules of sects andthe Specialized organs of sokwotervesus freshwater shes The ‘absorption of water and the production of ahypertonic sine invole estatlshment ofa solute gradient that pulls water fom the The scham potassium pump transports Na" out tthe aan and > onc apsencThe spate von is av See Testing Yourself Into the aon The inside ofthe ao has anegive che: the ete pararmpucti ceson ace ae ere Cee gt ane Sara eet tmccrestooo =e 5 ee pssst ee ete tmiecncerevecrrenm Seaman pease 272 Endocine Stem eee CEE uinmpintctnanbemicte —arnagenamennoonmeo be wot tin ars mouse jargon denote nce omen whe sco me Key Terms eE) ncpene neces Swett are ccs aa cates ee Se ene do pry enn moni 5 a eee LE moet pee So 1 Soom, moore ea iaiaaterhanre— comsarr rane eens ere ieee erie creer) El entene Boden 5 2e tetemcaeeneere Siemon ae Salen ae «Sema «canton oy meee fon Ses Seis Sedboeco Serer enter om oon Baa poms rece Sas oer een hormone (ACTH) 52 ‘epionptrine SBT 4. 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