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Socialize what you have learned or the questions

that the teacher indicates with your classmates.

Keep track of time: without haste or without delay.

Check if you have everything you need for the

activity.

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all windows.

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questions in the What have I learned?

Electrical Measuring Instruments

 Learning Intentions

● Proper and correct use of instruments for measuring electrical parameters in direct
current and alternating current circuits.
● Obtain readings from a direct current and alternating current circuit using ammeters,
voltmeters, and oscilloscopes.

Previous Ideas
Activity time: in
minutes

NAME: BRUA, NICHOLE S.

YEAR AND SECTION: BSIT 1Q

1. Use the example presented to answer. What is the function of the measuring instrument?
2. Look at the following circuit. Why does this happen and how do I correct it?

A short circuit occurs when a battery's positive and negative

terminals are connected without passing through a load, allowing
excessive current to flow, potentially leading to overheating and a
fire. Correcting this requires removing the short circuit and
ensuring proper connection to the light bulb.

3. How do you fix the connection problem? Create a new circuit.

4. In the circuit shown in the figure how the voltage reading can be obtained at the A and B points.
What instrument do I use? How is it used correctly?

To measure the voltage at points A and B in the circuit, use a

voltmeter. Connect the voltmeter's probes across points A and B,
ensuring it's set to a voltage range higher than the expected voltage.
The voltmeter will display the voltage difference between the two
points. Remember to connect the voltmeter in parallel, not in series, to
avoid disrupting the circuit.
 5. Interprets the reading given by the oscilloscope.

The oscilloscope in the image displays a horizontal line. This

indicates that the current in the circuit is constant over time. In
simpler terms, the current is steady and unchanging. This is
typical for a circuit powered by a direct current (DC) source,
like a battery.

Socialize: It's time to share ideas about the activities with your teammate, and then respond. What
instrument have you used? And what have you used them for?

I used an oscilloscope to analyze the electrical signals in the circuit. I observed the waveform shape,
measured the amplitude and frequency, and analyzed the phase. This helped me understand the
circuit's behavior and the signals within it.

Learning Intentions

● Proper and correct use of instruments for measuring electrical parameters in direct
current and alternating current circuits.
● Obtain readings from a direct current and alternating current circuit using ammeters,
voltmeters, and oscilloscopes.

Materials Needed
 ● Electronic devices: laptop, smartphone, or tablet
● PhET Simulation
● Electrical Circuit Kit

Previous Ideas
Activity time: in
minutes

NAME: BRUA, NICHOLE S.

YEAR AND SECTION: BSIT 1Q

Play with the PhET simulation for 5 minutes. Electrical Circuit Kit Describe
the three things you've discovered: To culminate, the simulation returns to
its initial conditions of use. Remember... nothing about the PhET simulation
is damaged. Learn by playing!

1. According to your knowledge and according to Compare the readings obtained. Import the
the images, respond. Verify your answers with the position where the ammeter is connected.
simulation.

The circuit described is a series circuit, which

means there is only one path for the current to
flow. In this setup, the current should remain
consistent throughout the circuit. However, both
ammeters are showing a zero current reading,
which is unusual and indicates there may be
issues present. Possible reasons for this could
include a malfunctioning or disconnected power
supply, a break in the circuit, or a component that
has infinite resistance.
 Analyze the reading of the ammeter connected
to the 56 Ohm resistor two. How is the connection
made?

- The given circuit is a combination of series and

parallel connections. The 17.1 Ω and 56.0 Ω
resistors are connected in parallel, while the 92.0
Ω resistor is connected in series with the parallel
combination. The ammeter is connected in series
with the 56.0 Ω resistor. This means that the entire
current flowing through the 56.0 Ω resistor also
passes through the ammeter. If we were to move
the ammeter to another branch, the reading
would change. For example, if we placed it in
series with the 17.1 Ω resistor, it would still measure
the same current, as both resistors are in parallel
and share the same current.

3. According to your experience and according to the image responds. Verify your answers with
simulation.

Draws the graph generated by the

oscilloscope on the ends of the capacitor.
Making use of the
oscilloscope
 Draws the graph generated by the
oscilloscope on the ends of the capacitor.
Making use of the
oscilloscope

Discuss with your teammate, regarding question number two and three: What would be the
difference between the graphs obtained by the oscilloscope? Write down these reflections below.

Reflections: The images demonstrate how capacitors behave in both DC and AC circuits. In a DC
circuit, where the voltage source is constant, the capacitor charges to a specific voltage, resulting in a
flat line on the oscilloscope. This shows that the voltage across the capacitor stays constant over time.
On the other hand, in an AC circuit, powered by an alternating voltage source, the capacitor
continuously charges and discharges. This ongoing process is represented by the sinusoidal waveform
on the oscilloscope, illustrating the regular changes in voltage across the capacitor. These
observations emphasize the main differences between the two circuit types and highlight the
important role capacitors play in various electronic applications.

Look at the image. Respond using simulation.

4. Interpret the voltmeter reading. Reason for your answer.

- The voltmeter reading of 9.00 V shows that there is a potential difference, or voltage drop, of 9 volts
between the points where the voltmeter's probes are connected. This indicates a difference of 9 volts in
electrical potential energy between those two points. In this particular circuit, the voltmeter is
connected across the battery terminals. This means that the battery is supplying a 9-volt
electromotive force (EMF), which acts as the driving force that pushes the electric current through the
circuit.
5. What would happen if you reversed the position of the instrument's tips? Reason for your answer.

- If we switch the positions of the voltmeter's probes, the reading would show a negative value of -9.00
V. This occurs because the voltmeter measures the potential difference between two points, and
reversing the probes changes the polarity of the measurement. The positive probe is usually connected
to the point with higher potential, while the negative probe connects to the point with lower potential.
By swapping the probes, you are measuring the potential difference in the opposite direction, resulting
in a negative reading. It's worth noting that although the numerical value changes, the magnitude of
the potential difference stays the same. Both +9.00 V and -9.00 V represent a 9-volt difference in
potential energy between the two points.

6. Do you like challenges? Build a Christmas installation with at least four light bulbs to complete the
chart below.

Reason your response of the current intensity obtained in the circuit.

- The current intensity in the circuit will be the same throughout the circuit because the light bulbs are
connected in series. This means that the same amount of current flows through each bulb.

Does it take the voltage reading on one of the circuit elements? Why in that element ? Reason for
your answer.

- Yes, it is possible to take the voltage reading on one of the circuit elements to determine the voltage
drop across that element. The best element to measure the voltage drop across is the battery. The
battery is the source of voltage in the circuit. By measuring the voltage across the battery, we can
determine the total voltage supplied to the circuit. Lastly, the light bulbs, measuring the voltage drop
across a light bulb would only give us the voltage drop across that specific bulb, not the total voltage in
the circuit.
Draw the graph obtained with the oscilloscope.

Why does it have that shape? Reason for your answer.

- The circuit diagram illustrates a series circuit, which is defined by a single pathway for current to flow.
This straight-line configuration results from the series connection of the light bulbs. As the current
moves through each component in order—from the positive terminal of the battery, through each bulb,
and back to the negative terminal—the diagram effectively shows this linear route. Additionally, the
vertical lines that connect the bulbs to the main circuit represent the voltage drop across each
component, with their lengths possibly indicating the relative voltage differences. Essentially, the shape
of the diagram serves as a visual representation of the key features of a series circuit.
6. Let’s play with the simulation for a while, find out in which branches the currents and voltage are
the same on the circuit shown below.

Branches the Circuit Reflections of the

measurements obtained

Branch 1
- This branch is a series of circuits containing a 100 resistor and a
light bulb resistance unknown, but significant. The voltage across
this branch will be less than the total voltage 70V due to the voltage
drop across the bulb and resistor. The current will be the same
throughout the branch.

Branch 2
- This branch is also a series circuit with 100 resistors, a 34.0 resistor,
and a light bulb. Similar to branch 1, the voltage across this branch
will be less than 70V due to voltage drop across the components.
The current will be uniform throughout the branch and can be
calculated using Ohm’s law.

Branch 3
- This branch is a series circuit containing a 370 resistor, a 35.0
resistor, and a 00 resistor. The 00 resistor will cause a significant
current flow. The voltage across the 70.0 and 35.0 resistors will be
minimal because of the short circuit. The total resistance of this
branch will be dominated by the short circuit, leading to a high
current. Measuring the voltage across the 00 resistor would ideally
read OV, but in practice, a small voltage drop might be observed
due to the internal resistance of the wires and components.
Reflections: The proper and correct use of instruments for measuring electrical parameters is
important for obtaining accurate and reliable results in both direct current and alternating current
circuits. Incorrect usage can lead to Inaccurate readings, damage to the instruments, or even safety
hazards. This includes understanding the correct connection methods for ammeters and voltmeters,
and the appropriate scale settings for the instruments to avoid exceeding their measurement ranges.
Furthermore, it's Important to be aware of potential sources of error, such as instrument inaccuracies,
lead resistances, and environmental factors, and to take steps to minimize these errors where possible.
Accurate measurements are important for understanding circuit behavior, troubleshooting problems,
and ensuring safe operation.

What have I learned?

Activity time: in
minutes

NAME: BRUA, NICHOLE S.

YEAR AND SECTION: BSIT 1Q

1. Under the following conditions.

Is the ammeter connected correctly?

a. Yes, It is place interspersed in the circuit in which
We want to measure the intensity. ✔
b. No, it must be connected in parallel with the element
to be measured.
c. Cannot be determined.
2. Look at the image, the voltmeter will be connected correctly.

Which is the right choice?

a. No, the voltmeter tips are misplaced. ✔
b. No, it should be taken from the end of the battery.
c. If you are connected correctly.
d. The voltmeter is connected in series with the
circuit elements.
e. None of the above.

3. On the circuit shown below. What happens to the oscilloscope reading?

a. It is an erroneous reading because the oscilloscope is

1 incorrectly connected.
b. It is the correct reading that generates an alternating ✔
current source.
c. It is the reading generated by a direct current source.