Here are some important Science formulas, categorized by Physics, Chemistry, and Biology:
Physics Formulas
Motion & Kinematics
1. Speed: Speed=DistanceTime\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}
2. Velocity: Velocity=DisplacementTime\text{Velocity} = \frac{\text{Displacement}}{\
text{Time}}
3. Acceleration: a=v−uta = \frac{v - u}{t} (where uu = initial velocity, vv = final velocity,
tt = time)
4. Equation of Motion:
o v=u+atv = u + at
o s=ut+12at2s = ut + \frac{1}{2} a t^2
o v2=u2+2asv^2 = u^2 + 2as
Force & Laws of Motion
1. Newton’s Second Law: F=maF = ma (Force = mass × acceleration)
2. Momentum: p=mvp = mv (Momentum = mass × velocity)
3. Impulse: Impulse=Force×Time=Δp\text{Impulse} = \text{Force} \times \text{Time} = \
Delta p
Work, Power & Energy
1. Work Done: W=FdcosθW = Fd \cos \theta
2. Power: P=WtP = \frac{W}{t}
3. Kinetic Energy: KE=12mv2KE = \frac{1}{2} mv^2
4. Potential Energy: PE=mghPE = mgh (mass × gravity × height)
Gravitation
1. Universal Law of Gravitation: F=Gm1m2r2F = G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}
2. Acceleration Due to Gravity: g=GMR2g = \frac{GM}{R^2}
Heat & Thermodynamics
1. Heat Transfer: Q=mcΔTQ = mc\Delta T
2. Efficiency of a Heat Engine: η=WQ×100\eta = \frac{W}{Q} \times 100
Electricity & Magnetism
1. Ohm’s Law: V=IRV = IR
2. Electric Power: P=VI=I2R=V2RP = VI = I^2R = \frac{V^2}{R}
3. Coulomb’s Law: F=kq1q2r2F = k \frac{q_1 q_2}{r^2}
Waves & Optics
1. Wave Speed: v=fλv = f\lambda
2. Refractive Index: n=cvn = \frac{c}{v}
Chemistry Formulas
Mole Concept
1. Number of Moles: n=Given massMolar massn = \frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar
mass}}
2. Avogadro’s Number: 1 mole=6.022×1023 atoms/molecules1 \text{ mole} = 6.022 \
times 10^{23} \text{ atoms/molecules}
Gas Laws
1. Boyle’s Law: P1V1=P2V2P_1V_1 = P_2V_2
2. Charles’ Law: V1T1=V2T2\frac{V_1}{T_1} = \frac{V_2}{T_2}
3. Ideal Gas Equation: PV=nRTPV = nRT
Concentration Formulas
1. Molarity (M): M=moles of soluteliters of solutionM = \frac{\text{moles of solute}}{\
text{liters of solution}}
2. Normality (N): N = \frac{\text{Molarity} \times \text{Valency factor}}
pH & Equilibrium
1. pH Formula: pH=−log[H+]pH = -\log [H^+]
2. Equilibrium Constant: Kc=[Products][Reactants]K_c = \frac{[\text{Products}]}{[\
text{Reactants}]}
Biology Formulas
Cell & Genetics
1. Surface Area to Volume Ratio: Surface AreaVolume\frac{\text{Surface Area}}{\
text{Volume}} (Important for cell diffusion rates)
Photosynthesis & Respiration
1. Photosynthesis Equation: 6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O26CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow
C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2
2. Cellular Respiration Equation:
C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+EnergyC_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 +
6H_2O + \text{Energy}
Blood Circulation
1. Cardiac Output: CO=Heart Rate×Stroke Volume\text{CO} = \text{Heart Rate} \times \
text{Stroke Volume}
Genetics
1. Mendel’s First Law (Law of Segregation): P×P⇒F1P \times P \Rightarrow F_1
2. Hardy-Weinberg Equation: p2+2pq+q2=1p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
These are some of the most important formulas in Science. Let me know if you need more! 🚀
