Reading and

Writing Skills
Lesson 2
Patterns of Development in
Writing

EXPECTATION

You will distinguish between and among patterns of development in

writing across disciplines specifically:

Narration Description

Definition Cause and Effect

Process Analysis Comparison and Contrast

Problem and Solution

Directions: Match the patterns of development in column A with the

phrases or signal words commonly associated with them in column B.

A. Cause and effect

B. Description

___ 1. in the same way, unlike

C. Definition

___ 2. refers to, it means that

D. Sequence

___ 3. meanwhile, before

E. Comparison and Contrast

___ 4. adjacent to, in front of

F. Narration

___ 5. for the reason that, due to (the fact)

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Question: Reflect on what you have learned in Lesson 1. Why is it important

to carefully select and organize information whenever you are writing?

Answer: ___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

______________

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

As a writer, it is important to arrange your ideas in a text according to

your purpose in writing. Are you narrating an event, showing cause and

effect, defining a term or comparing or contrasting items? Your purpose

suggests a method of organization or logical arrangement known as the

pattern of development. It could be a way of logically organizing the whole

text or a just an individual paragraph.

There are different patterns by which ideas are developed. Some of the

major ones are discussed below:

1. Narration – refers to a sequential telling of a story or recounting of a

series of events

2. Definition - Explains an idea, term or phrase using distinguishing

characteristics or synonyms. It is used to set working generalizations

that help control the meaning and scope of important terms or ideas

(Perelman, et al., n.d.)

3. Description – similar with narration for having many specific details,

description “emphasizes the senses by painting a picture of how

something looks, sounds, smells, tastes, or feels. Description is often

used to establish a mood or atmosphere” (Bedford, Freeman and Worth,

2019, p.2).

4. Comparison and contrast – compares two things to highlight their

subtle similarities and differences. The author's intent is to describe a

connection between two things by showing their distinguishing and

shared attributes (Bohaty, 2015).

5. Sequence – describes steps, events, processes, or procedures. There are

three types of Sequence: steps, timeline, and cycle. Regardless of the

type, the author is putting information in an order (Bohaty, 2015, p. 40).

6. Cause and effect – shows the linkage of causation – how events are

influenced or caused by another. “The author's intent is to tell us how an

event always leads to an outcome. The event is the cause and the

outcome is the result. The relationship is between the cause and the

effect” (Bohaty, 2015, p. 40).

7. Problem and solution - divides information into two main sections, one

that describes a problem and one that describes a solution. Here, the

author’s intent is to discuss or propose a solution to a problem. The

2015).

Reference; Bohaty, J., et al. (2015) Text Structure Strategies for Improving Expository Reading
Comprehension.

Retrieved from: https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trtr.1590. 14 July 2020

ACTIVITIES

1. Read additional notes on patterns of development or text structure in the

following sites. Make sure to read the given sites and be ready for an

online discussion facilitated by your teacher:

a. Text Structure Strategies for Improving Expository Reading

Comprehension

https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/trtr.1590

b. Paragraph Development

http://www.mit.edu/course/21/21.guide/para-dev.htm

c. Patterns of Organization

http://faculty.washington.edu/ezent/impo.htm#PSP

2. Look for text or paragraphs from old newspapers or magazines that

employ the patterns of development discussed. Provide one example for

every pattern and label each one. Make a clipping and paste it on a

separate sheet.

3. Write a minimum of one paragraph employing each of the text structures

discussed (one pattern, one paragraph). Be guided by the following

prompts:

a. Narration – narrate how you prepared for the opening of classes this

year

b. Definition – make a definition of the different classifications of

community quarantines in the Philippines

d. Comparison and Contrast – note the similarities and differences in

the local educational setup before and after the global pandemic

e. Sequence – explain how to properly wash your hands following the

guidelines of the authorities like WHO and DOH

f. Cause and Effect – note the possible reason behind the continuous

increase of COVID-19 cases in the country

g. Problem and Solution – What are some problems in modular and blended

learning approach in education? Propose possible solutions for each.

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Answer the following briefly and concisely on a separate sheet of paper.

Why is it important for students to learn how to comprehend and write

according to text structure/ pattern of development?

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________
POST-TEST

Answer the following briefly and concisely on a separate sheet of

paper.

Define each of the patterns of development discussed and give

appropriate topics you may write using each one.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

REFLECTIVE LEARNING SHEET

Reflect on what you have learned after taking up this lesson by completing the chart below:

I thought…

What were your thoughts or ideas

about the features of effective

communication prior to the

discussion of this lesson?

I learned that…

What new or additional ideas did

you learn after taking up this

lesson?
References:

Electronic Resources

https://www.slideshare.net/aliciamargaretjavelosa/properties-of-a-wellwritten-

text-reading-and-writing

https://www.slideshare.net/KatrinaClaireLandich/properties-of-a-well-written-

text-88147656

https://www.sjsu.edu/aanapisi/docs/patriciaalbers.pdf

http://www.free-short-stories.org.uk/very-short-stories/the-hare-and-the-

tortoise.htm

http://salvadori.blogspot.com/2009/03/exercise-on-connectives.html?m=1

Acknowledgements

Writer: Sedfrey Aldrich Obar, Master Teacher II

Editor: Dr. Roniko C. Natividad, Master Teacher II

Reviewer: Vicente M. Victorio Jr.-EPS

Management Team: Maria Magdalena M. Lim-Schools Division Superintendent-Manila,

Aida H. Rondilla-Chief Education Supervisor Lucky S. Carpio-EPS and Lady Hannah C

Gillo, Librarian II-LRMS