MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

DJJ 40153 PNEUMATIC & HYDRAULICS

PRACTICAL LABORATORY 1: PNEUMATIC
TASK 1

THEORY Pneumatics has for some considerable time been used for carrying out the simplest
mechanical tasks, but in more recent times has played a more important role in the
development of pneumatic technology for automation.

In the majority of applications compressed air is used for one or more of the following
functions:
• To determine the status of processors (sensors)
• Information processing (processors
• Switching of actuators by means of final control elements
• Carrying out work (actuators)

To be able to control machinery and installations necessitates the construction of a generally

complex logic interconnection of statuses and switching conditions. This occurs as a result of
the interaction of sensors, processors, control elements and actuators in pneumatic partly
pneumatic systems

APPARATUS / Pneumatic Training Set

EQUIPMENT

SAFETY 1. Make sure the student follow the laboratory or workshop safety regulators.
PRECAUTIONS 2. Experiment must be conduct by lecturers or experience lab assistance

TITLE Pneumatic Practice I ( Direct Control of a single- acting cylinder, extending )

EXPERIMENT Upon completion this task, students should be able to :

OUTCOME
1. familiarize with the practical task and the pneumatic components.
2. perform the proper setting of the working pressure on the air service unit and practices
the use of plastic tube and quick- release couplings
3. know the procedure as well as the security (safety) measures involved.
4. construct and build the pneumatic circuit as per given schematic circuit drawing.
5. report the observation.
PROCEDURES 1. The piston rod of the single- acting cylinder should extend after the button has been
actuated and remain extended as long as the button is pushed
2. The active pressure that is placed on the cylinder piston should appear on the
pressurized gauge.
3. The pressurized air is supplied by an air service unit ( filter with water separator,
pressure regulator and shut-off valve ) and by the compressed-air distributor.
4. Construct circuit diagram as per given schematic circuits .
5. Report the observation and result including the symbol of component with detail
explanations in full laboratory report. (1 report per group)

RESULT / DATA

Explain the observation during the practical task.

DISCUSSION /
OBSERVATION

Give comments, conclusion and recommendation from task result was done
CONCLUSION

REFRENCESS
TITLE Pneumatic Practice II ( Indirect control of a single-acting cylinder )

EXPERIMENT Upon completion this task, students should be able to :

OUTCOME
1. Know the pneumatic components as a prerequisite for understanding this exercise.
2. construct the actual circuit as per given circuit diagram ; control lines are the
connecting lines between the output of signaling elements ( for example button ) and
the pneumatic actuation ports of the actuators. ( for example pneumatically operated
3/2 directional control valve, port 12 ).
3. Report the observation.

PROCEDURES 1. The piston rod of a single-acting cylinder, retracted in neutral position, should advance
after pushing an easily pressed button .
2. Note; for the control of a large-volume cylinder ( with a large piston diameter ) an
accordingly dimensioned directional control valve is necessary.
3. The cylinder is mounted a slight distance from the button.
4. After releasing the manual push- button, the piston of the cylinder should retract
automatically into its back position.
5. All connections should be marked with the port symbols according to ISO 1219
and RP68 P
6. Report the observation and result including the symbol of component with detail
explanations in full laboratory report. (1 report per group)

RESULT / DATA
 Explain the observation during the practical task.
DISCUSSION /
OBSERVATION

Give comments, conclusion and recommendation from task result was done
CONCLUSION

REFRENCESS
TITLE Pneumatic Practice III ( Direct control of a double-acting cylinder with push button )

EXPERIMENT Upon completion this task, students should be able to :

OUTCOME
1. know the pneumatic components as a prerequisite for understanding this exercise.
2. Construct the actual circuit as per given circuit diagram
3. report the observation.

PROCEDURES 1. The piston rod of a double-working cylinder should extend after actuating a button
2. After releasing the button the piston of the cylinder should retract automatically to its back
position.
3. Report the observation and result including the symbol of component with detail
explanations in full laboratory report. (1 report per group)
4. All connections should be marked with the port symbols according to ISO 1219
and RP68 P

RESULT / DATA

Explain the observation during the practical task.

DISCUSSION /
OBSERVATION
 Give comments, conclusion and recommendation from task result was done
CONCLUSION

REFRENCESS
TITLE Pneumatic Practice IV ( Indirect control of a double-acting cylinder )

EXPERIMENT Upon completion this task, students should be able to :

OUTCOME
a. Construct the actual circuit as per given circuit diagram.
b. Point out how the control sequence is broken up into different components ;
• Signalling elements ( signal input )
• Control elements ( signal processing )
• Actuators ( signal output )
• Drive elements ( execution of the movement )

c. Point out the signal flow direction of the signalling elements up to the drive elements
d. Breakdown into components and the signal flow direction should also be depicted in
the pneumatic circuit diagram.
e. report the observation.

PROCEDURES 1. The piston rod of a double-acting cylinder, retracted in neutral position, should extend
after actuating a button.
2. Control of the cylinder should occur indirectly
3. After releasing the push –button the piston of the cylinder should retract automatically
to its back position.
4. Report the observation and result including the symbol of component with detail
explanations in full laboratory report. (1 report per group)
5. All connections should be marked with the port symbols according to ISO 1219 and
RP68 P

RESULT / DATA
 Explain the observation during the practical task.
DISCUSSION /
OBSERVATION

Give comments, conclusion and recommendation from task result was done
CONCLUSION

REFRENCESS
TITLE Pneumatic Practice V ( Controlling a double-acting cylinder, impulse valve, 2 push-
button )

EXPERIMENT Upon completion this task, students should be able to :

OUTCOME
1. Discuss basic properties and cases of application of pneumatic impulse valve
2. Explain the cause and effect when both control ports of the impulse valve receiver a
signal simultaneously
3. Concerning service and error detection in the case of pneumatic controls it should be
pointed out that an impulse valve has no defined basic setting
4. construct the actual circuit as per given circuit diagram.
5. report the observation.

PROCEDURES 1. The piston rod of a double-acting cylinder retracted in neutral position, should extend
after actuating a button ( signaling element S1 ) and remain extended after releasing the
button ( S1 ).
2. After actuating a second button ( signaling element S2 ) the piston 5 of the cylinder
should again retract and also remain in this position, even when the button ( S2 ) is no
longer actuated.
3. The working speed of the cylinder should be able to be infinitely adjusted in both
directions
4. Construct the circuit as per given diagram.
5. Report the observation and result including the symbol of component with detail
explanations in full laboratory report. (1 report per group)

RESULT / DATA
 Explain the observation during the practical task.
DISCUSSION /
OBSERVATION

Give comments, conclusion and recommendation from task result was done
CONCLUSION

REFRENCESS
TITLE Pneumatic Practice VI :

( Stop control, double-acting cylinder with 5/3 directional control valve, tensile load )

EXPERIMENT Upon completion this task, students should be able to :

OUTCOME
1. demonstrates the use of a 5/3 directional control valve with closed mid-position for
stopping a double-acting cylinder
2. shows the effects of leaks in the connecting lines and in the 5/3 directional control
valve when holding a load.
3. construct the actual circuit as per given circuit diagram.
4. report the observation.

PROCEDURES “Controlling the door of a hardening plant “

a. The piston of the double-acting cylinder opens and closes the doors of a hardening
plant. The push- button ( S1 ) is to be used to open the door, and the push-buttons
( S2 ) to close it again.

RESULT / DATA
DISCUSSION / Explain the observation during the practical task.
OBSERVATION

Give comments, conclusion and recommendation from task result was done
CONCLUSION

REFRENCESS