“Usage and Impact of Cellular

Phones on People”

Table of Content

Acknowledgement………………………………………………….3
Introduction………………………………………………………... 4
Literature review……………………………………....................... 5
Objective…………………………………………………………......8
Sample Size………………………………………………………….
Cross Tab……………………………………………………………
Factor Analysis…………………………………………………......
Cluster Analysis……………………………………………………
Non Parametric Test……………………………………………….
Cross Tab on Cluster………………………………………………
Discriminant Analysis …………………………………………….
Cluster……………………………………………………………….
Conclusion…………………………………………………………….

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We express our sincere gratitude to our respected “Prof. Sanjay Rastogi”,

faculty of JAIPURIA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT who has helped us
clarify our concepts by sharing his valued experiences in his teaching,
research and training which have thereby become an unconscious part of our
ideas and thoughts while analyzing the financial business documents for this
project report.

Without his sincere help and guidance the project report would have not
been a grand success. We thank all our members of the team who had
worked hard to make the report to its present form.

We are also thankful to Katha Ray and all those who helped us intellectually
in preparation of this project directly or indirectly.

Lastly we would like to give our sincere thanks to the library staff who had
given us the opportunity to use all the resources available.

2
 INTRODUCTION

The mobile phone is often perceived as an emblematic technology of space-

time compression, touted as a tool for anytime, anywhere connectivity.
Mobile phone services were introduced in India about 14 years ago. Mobile
communication is revolutionizing economic and social life in India,
spawning a wave of local entrepreneurs and creating greater access to social
services.
According to Oxford English Dictionary one of the earliest uses of word
‘mobile’ was in associated with the Latin phrase ‘mobile vulgus’, i.e.
excitable crowd. Today’s mobile phones live up to these origins. Cell phone
technology introduces new senses of speed and connectivity to social life. If
the fixed line telephone has brought communication links into the workplace
and homes, the ‘mobile’ puts them straight into the hands of unprecedented
numbers and variety of individuals.
Today, a cell phone isn’t just a rich man’s fashion accessory. It’s
transforming the way millions of people do business in a country where even
landlines were a luxury barely a decade ago. Across the country people with
low incomes are now adopting cellular phones as tools for enhancing their
businesses.
We can see people are giving much importance to these cellular phones.
This motivated us to do a research on the “Usage and Impact of Cellular
Phones on People”.

3
 LITERATURE REVIEW

Lloyd Mathias, Director (Marketing) for Motorola’s South West Asia unit
tells HT that consumers look for music clarity, storage capacity, multiple
formats, availability of the latest software and wireless on the phone.
Motorola’s tie-up with Sony BMG for content is not exclusive. Music is pre-
loaded on the phone, and I don’t think preloaded music influences handset
purchase in a country with pervasive piracy. Emerging trends: Video music,
wireless music capability and video streaming.

Today, the personal computer remains the dominant platform to access the
Internet globally. However, Internet access via the mobile phone actually
outpaces wireless access from a notebook PC in many of areas of the world
“a statistic driven largely by the massive install base of mobile phones
throughout the world as well as more developed wireless networks,
according to The Face of the Web, the annual study of Internet trends by
global market research firm Ipsos Insight.

Indeed, Internet browsing via a wireless device is showing robust growth in

many global markets. France and the U.K are exhibiting the strongest
growth in this trend, while Internet usage via mobile phone in Japan also
continues to grow rapidly. Globally, just over one-fourth (28%) of mobile
phone owners worldwide have browsed the Internet on a wireless handset,
up slightly from 25% at the end 2004. Interestingly, growth in this behavior
for 2005 was driven by the older users (age 35+), indicating that surfing the
Internet on a mobile phone is emerging as a mainstream activity, no longer

4
dominated by the traditional early adopter segment “ young males “ typical
of many new consumer technologies.

Brian Cruikshank, Senior Vice President & Managing Director of Ipsos

Insight’s Technology & Communications practice: Accessing the Internet on
a wireless handheld device is no longer a novelty for consumers in the major
global economies. It’s becoming a common, everyday occurrence for many
people.

In addition to web-browsing, a number of other mobile phone activities

witnessed significant growth this year, according to The Face of the Web
study SMS text messaging remains the most popular activity among
consumers, while other communication-based wireless activities are also
growing. Over half (52%) of all mobile phone households today have sent or
received a text message, and over a third (37%) have sent or received e-mail
on a mobile phone. In general, almost all wireless device activities
experienced growth in 2005 ‘“including m-commerce (i.e., purchasing a
product or service via mobile phone), conducting financial transactions,
sending or receiving digital pictures, and downloading entertainment
content.

India's legion of self-employed, which comprises half the workforce, has

benefited the most from India's mobile phone market, the world's fastest
growing. "It's no longer a status symbol. It is increasingly becoming a
necessity like water and electricity," Arvind Singhal, the chairman of retail
consulting firm KSA Technopak said. Despite the surge in mobile users, the
growth is still largely confined to cities. A huge market in rural areas, where
nearly 70 percent of India's 1.1 billion population lives, remains untapped.

5
Telephone penetration in urban India is around 25 per 100 people but just
1.6 per 100 in rural areas. The country's total "teledensity" -- the number of
people owning a telephone out of every 100 people -- also remains low at
21.20 percent in August, according to official data. But mobile phone
companies are rolling out coverage to rural and remote areas to increase
their clients. "Landline networks are not very effective in many of these
places. So, mobile phones are a big necessity in rural areas," Singhal said.
"It's not an indicator of wealth any more. A mobile phone is now a tool that
is likely to improve productivity dramatically."

In countries where there is widespread adoption, there are cross-cultural

similarities in the intersection of youth and mobile phones. For example,
Ling and Birgitte Yttri (2002) describe adolescence as a unique time in the
lifecycle, how peers play a central role during this period, and how the
mobile phone becomes a tool to "define a sense of group membership,
particular vis-à-vis the older generation. In a more recent paper, Ling and
Yttri (Forthcoming) extended this developmental perspective to examine
how mobile phone use is located in the power relations of family and peer
group. A growing body of work with teens in locations such as the UK
(Green 2003; Green Forthcoming; Grinter and Eldridge 2001; Taylor and
Harper 2003), Finland (Kasesniemi 2003; Kasesniemi and Rautianinen
2002), Norway (Skog 2002), and Sweden (Weilenmann and Larsson 2002),
finds similar patterns in other countries. Text messaging appears as a
uniquely teen-inflected form of mobile communication, in that is
lightweight, less intrusive, less subject to peripheral monitoring,
inexpensive, and enables easy contact with a spatially distributed peer group

6
(Grinter and Eldridge 2001; Kasesniemi and Rautianinen 2002; Ling and
Yttri 2002).
Modern teens, despite their physical and psychological maturity, do not yet
have access to a full repertoire of adult rights, responsibilities, and resources,
such as their own homes where they can meet friends and lovers, or a
workplace where they are considered productive members of society (as
opposed to "consumers" and "learners"). Teens are considered legitimate
objects of external regulation, control, and redirection in a way that even
young adults are not. While enjoying mobile phone use to stay in touch with
friends and current technology and fashion trends, young people also use
these devices to push back at their own disenfranchised position within
adult-controlled institutions and spaces of activity.
Critiquing "easy and excited notions of generalized and undifferentiated
space-time compression," Massey argues that different social groups are
placed in very distinct ways in relation to late modern flows of media,
people, and capital. This point concerns not merely the issue of who moves
and who doesn't, although that is an important element of it; it is also about
power in relation to the flows and the movement. Different social groups
have distinct relationships to this anyway-differentiated mobility; some are
more in charge of it than others; some initiate flows and movement, others
don't; some are more on the receiving end of it than others; some are
effectively imprisoned by it (1993, 61).
Mobile phones are embedded in existing power-geometries and create new
social disciplines and accountabilities.
Etiquette- The use of a mobile phone is prohibited in some train company
carriagesMobile phone use can be an important matter of social discourtesy:
phones ringing during funerals or weddings; in toilets, cinemas and theatres.

7
Users often speak loudly, leading to book shops, libraries, bathrooms,
cinemas, doctors' offices and places of worship prohibiting their use and, in
some places, the installation of signal-jamming equipment to prevent their
use (though in many countries, including the U.S., such equipment is
currently illegal). Some new buildings, such as auditoriums, have installed
wire mesh in the walls (making it a Faraday cage) which prevents signal
penetration without violating signal jamming laws.
Trains, particularly those involving long-distance services, often offer a
"quiet carriage" where phone use is prohibited, much like the designated
non-smoking carriage of the past. However many users tend to ignore this as
it is rarely enforced, especially if the other carriages are crowded and they
have no choice but to go in the "quiet carriage". In Japan, it is generally
considered impolite to talk using a phone on any train -- texting is generally
the mode of mobile communication.
Mobile phone use on aircraft is also prohibited and many airlines claim in
their in-plane announcements that this prohibition is due to possible
interference with aircraft radio communications. Shut-off mobile phones do
not interfere with aircraft avionics; the concern is partially based on the
crash of Crossair Flight 498.

Human health impacts- Since the introduction of mobile phones, concerns

have been raised about the potential health impacts from regular use. As
mobile phone penetrations grew past fixed landline penetration levels in
1998 in Finland and from 1999 in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, the
Scandinavian health authorities have run continuous long term studies of
effects of mobile phone radiation effects to humans, and in particular
children. Numerous studies have reported no significant relationship

8
between mobile phone use and health. Studies from the Institute of Cancer
Research, National Cancer Institute and researchers at the Danish Institute of
Cancer Epidemiology in Copenhagen for example showed no link between
mobile phone use and cancer. The Danish study only covered analog mobile
phone usage up through 1995, and subjects who started mobile phone usage
after 1995 were counted as non-users in the study.The health concerns have
grown as mobile phone penetration rates throughout Europe reached 80%–
90% levels earlier in this decade and prolonged exposure studies have been
carried out in almost all European countries again most reporting no effect,
and the most alarming studies only reporting a possible effect. However, a
study by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of 4,500 users
found a borderline statistically significant link between tumor frequency on
the same side of the head as the mobile phone was used on and mobile
phone usage.
One study that reviewed the link between cellphones and sperm quality
found that heavy mobile phone users (>4 hours per day) had significantly
less viable sperm (WHO morphology score was less than half of the lower
time mobile phone users). A prospective study of 13 normal men found that
significantly increasing their mobile phone use (>6 hours each day for 5
days) caused a marked short-term reduction of sperm quality.

Men, who use mobile phones on a regular basis lose about 30 percent of
their active sperm cells. Those who carry their mobile phones in pockets of
their pants are putting their potency at great danger. Scientists say that even
in sleep mode mobile phones are harmful.
This is considered to be a thermal effect, since the testes are vulnerable to
heating by RF energy because of poor circulation and heat is known to have

9
adverse effects on male fertility. Also the thermal from the mobile phone
proliferates the bacteria on the key pad. By the study of some research,
bacteria on the keypad is more serious and fatal to human health than does in
the toilet. The eyes are the other part of the body known to be poor at
dissipating heat. Experiments have shown that short duration exposure to
very high levels of RF radiation can cause cataracts in rabbits. The non-
thermal effects of RF radiation are an area of active study.
A 2007 study by Prof. Bengt Arnetz and colleagues of Wayne State
University and Uppsala University, and Foundation IT’IS, USA, and
Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, funded by the Mobile Manufacturers Forum
and published in "Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium
(PIERS) Online" reported higher incidence of headache and also disturbance
of normal sleep patterns following mobile phone use.
Early in 2008, Michele Froment-Vedrine the President of AFSSET (an
independent but state-funded French health watchdog), advised that parents
should not give small children mobile phones.
Study of the University of Segeda, Hungary showed that mobile phones
carried in pockets of pants and/or worn on belts could result in loss of
quantity and quality of active sperm cells by men. This fact may not be true,
especially in wealthier countries such as Australia, the UK, and the US.

10
 ANALYSIS

Before, doing the analysis we have performed the One-Sample Kolmogorov-

Smirnov Test (K-S test). In this Test, Absolute indicates the largest absolute
difference between the theoretical cumulative distribution and the observed
cumulative distribution function. Large significance values (>.05) indicate
that the observed distribution corresponds to the theoretical distribution. The
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test compares an observed cumulative distribution
function to a theoretical cumulative distribution. The theoretical distribution
can be normal, uniform, or Poisson.

For this we have assumed the null hypothesis,

Ho = the distribution is normal.

And the alternative hypothesis,

H1 = the distribution is non normal.

Since, for all the variables the calculated P-value is .000 which is less
than .05, we have rejected the null hypothesis and we have assumed that all
the variables are non-normal. So for further study of the variables we have
applied non-parametric test.

11
  Preferences to have the following features in their cell
phones
The first question of our questionnaire was on the parameters of mostly
preferred to least preferred, i.e. a Likert Scale. The question asked about the
features which people prefer to have in their cell phones. Thus, in an indirect
way it commented on the impact of cell phones on people as higher their
awareness about these features the higher is the impact of the cell phones on
them. Then the complete set of questions were tested on One Sample
Kolmogorov Smirnov Test which is a non-parametric test. Then Kruskal-
Wallis h Test was done which is a test for several independent samples to
compare the preferences of the particular cell phone features of people in a
particular age-group to that of other. On the basis of the results obtained we
found that there is only difference in preferences related to radio and hands
free among the various age groups i.e. only in these two the null hypothesis
was rejected. These two cases are discussed below

Radio

Crosstab
For this question the

Ho: There is no significant difference in the preferences of the respondents

of different age groups.
H1: There is a significant difference in the preferences of the respondents of
different age groups.

12
After test

p- Value =.022

Since this value is <0.05 therefore we reject the null hypothesis. This means
there is a significant difference in preferences of the respondents of different
age groups. Since this question was to study the impact of cellular phones
therefore on applying crosstab with the age of the respondents it was found
that of the quota of 120 people of age group 21-25 , 80% of the people said
that they prefer the radio feature in their cell phones. While only 69.33% of
the people in the age group 25-30 who are mainly employed people or
housewives said that they prefer to have this feature.

Radio

85%
% of responses out of the

80%
quota assigned

75%
Series1
70%
65%
60%
16-20 21-25 25-30
age-group

13
Hands free

Crosstab
For this question the

Ho: There is no significant difference in the preferences of the respondents

of different age groups.
H1: There is a significant difference in the preferences of the respondents of
different age groups.
After test

p- Value =.024

Since this value is again <0.05 therefore we reject the null hypothesis. This
means there is a significant difference in preferences of the respondents of
different age groups. With the help of crosstab it was found that 82.50% of
the people of the age group 21-25 said that they prefer to have a hands free
features in their cell phones. This shows their knowledge and awareness
about these features in their handsets.

14
 Hands free

100%

% of responses out of the

80%

quota assigned
60%
Series1
40%
20%
0%
16-20 21-25 25-30
age-group

We analyzed the next question of our questionnaire which is on the likert

scale on the parameters of Strongly agree to strongly disagree. Basically this
set of questions gives the impact of cellular phones on the quota assigned.
The complete set of questions was tested on K-S test, a non-parametric test.
On the basis of the results obtained we found that for only three questions
out of the twelve sub questions the null hypothesis was rejected. The
following exceptional cases are discussed as below.

 Reasons to Purchase a Mobile

We analyzed the next question of our questionnaire which is on the likert

scale on the parameters of Strongly agree to strongly disagree. Basically this
set of questions gives the impact of cellular phones on the quota assigned.
The complete set of questions was tested on K-S test, a non-parametric test.
On the basis of the results obtained we found that for only three questions

15
out of the twelve sub questions the null hypothesis was rejected. The
following exceptional cases are discussed as below.

Q6 (ix) Sending messages whenever required is the most important

reason to purchase a cellular phone?

For this question the

Ho: There is no significant difference in the perception of the respondents.

H1: There is a significant difference in the perception of the respondents.

After test

p- Value =0.037

Since this value is <0.05 therefore we reject the null hypothesis. This means
there is a significant difference in the perception of the respondents. Since
this question was to study the impact of cellular phones therefore on
applying crosstab with the age of the respondents it was found that

16
 % of response out of quota sending messages

86
84
82
assigned

80
78 Series1
76
74
72
70
16-20 21-25 25-30
age group

This graph shows that out of the quota assigned to the age groups 85% of the
students and the professionals of the age group say that sending messages is
one of the reasons of purchasing mobile for them.

Q6(xi) Listening to radio is one of the most important reason for

purchasing cellular phones.

For this question the hypothesis is as follows

Ho: There is no significant difference in the perception of the respondents.

H1: There is a significant difference in the perception of the respondents.

From the test

p-value = 0.018

17
Again since this value is <0.05 therefore we reject the null hypothesis. For
this question we
listening to radio

80

% ofresponse out of quota

70
60
50
40 %
30
20
10
0
16-20 21-25 25-30
age group

This graph shows that the age group of 21-25 which is again the group of the
students and the professionals prefer radios in their cellular phones. This
shows that as new features are being added to the mobiles people are more
intending to go for a mobile. This factor has influenced this age group the
most.

Q6(xii) My child demands it- it is one of the important reason for

purchasing a mobile.

Crosstab

This question was majorily focused to the married respondents. Out of the
total respondent the married respondents are 61 in number which is 20% of
the total respondents. Out of the married respondents

18
 my child demands it

% of married respondents
45
40
35
30
25
%
20
15
10
5
0
agree neutral disagree
age group

Now from the above chart we can see that 40% of the married respondents
are not influenced by the demand of their child. It’s on their own judgment
that they will go for a mobile. There is a general perception that once a
person gets married most of the decisions are taken from the consideration
of their child but from our data we come to a conclusion that married
couples till the age of 30 and below, a majority of them, do not think that it
could be important for them to purchase a mobile only for this reason.

 Health Issues

6.2 This question consisted of the set of questions which shows how well
people are aware of the health issues which could result out of the excessive
usage of cellular phones. This set of questions is again tested on the likert
scale of agreement levels.
We again applied K-S test on these questions. Out of the all the health issues
the health issue involving headache and sleeping disorder received a
significant difference in the opinion of the respondents. The null hypothesis
in this case was

19
Ho: There is no significant difference in the perception of the people
regarding the particular health issue.
H1: There is a significant difference in the perception of the people
regarding the particular health issue.

The exceptional cases are discussed as below:

Q6.2(i) Do you think that excessive mobile usage is giving rise to the
health problem of headache?

For this question we got

p- value = 0.025 <0.05

Thus the null hypothesis was rejected in this case. We then studied on the
demographic pattern. This question was further studied on the basis of the
educational background of the respondents. The graph is shown as below:

20
 headac he

70

60

50

40
%
30

20

10

0
pr imar y inter mediate gr aduate post gr aduate other s

educati on bachgr ound

This graph shows that as far as health issues are concerned it is graduate
section of the respondents which feel that excessive mobile usage has lead to
the problem of headache amongst the people. Thus it can also be said this
section of the respondents are more aware of the side effects of the cellular
phones. This also affects the usage of the mobile phones.

Q6.2(vi) Do you think that excessive usage of cellular phones give rise
to sleeping disorder?

For this question

p- value = 0.005 < 0.05

21
Thus the null hypothesis was rejected. Again studying this statement on the
educational background of the respondents we got the following pattern
which is shown in the graph below:

sleeping disorder

70
60
% of responses

50
40
Series1
30
20
10
0
primary intermediate graduate post graduate others
educational background

The above graph shows that it is the post graduate majority of the
respondents who believe that excessive usage of cellular phones has given
rise to the health problem of sleeping disorder.61% of the postgraduates fall
in the category who agree with this statement. From this we can also
conclude that more a person matures, more aware he is of the health issues
that may arise due to the excessive usage of mobiles and most of the people
feel that sleeping disorder is the health which is of major concern to the
people.

In the next question we tried to study the impact of cellular phones on the
people belonging to the quota on the basis of the demographic pattern of age
group as well as the income of the respondents. The null hypothesis in this
case is

22
Ho: There is a no significant difference in the perception of the respondents
H1: There is a no significant difference in the perception of the respondents

 Impact of Usage of Mobile Phones

After testing the complete set of questions on the Kruskal- Wallis test on the
income of the respondents some of the exceptional cases which had
difference in the opinion of the respondents are discussed as below:

Q6.3(i) People spend more on cell phone bills than on clothing

This question was studied on the demography of income group of the

respondents and the result which was obtained is shown as below in the
graph:

people spend more on phone bill than on clothing or food

70
60
50
% of responses

40
Series1
30
20
10
0
<5000 5000-15000 15000-25000 25000-30000 >30000
family income of respondents

23
This graph shows that people of the income group of 5000-15000 are
spending more on their phone bill. This also indicates that a majority of the
respondents are so used to of cellular phones that they can for once cut short
on their expenses on the food or cloth but cannot ignore their expenses on
cellular phones.

Q6.3(ii) People do not feel good if they are not carrying their mobile.

Through this question we tried to find out that is it true that mobile is
becoming addiction to the people. This was again studied on the
demographic of the income group. Illustration is shown as below:

people do not feel good if they are not carrying their mobile

90
80
70
% of responses

60
50
Series1
40
30
20
10
0
<5000 5000-15000 15000-25000 25000-30000 >30000
income group

From the graph we can say that people with higher income group are more
addicted to the cellular phones. They are using it at the max and prefer to
carry their cellular phones all the time with them.

24
Q6.3 (iv) It is difficult to socialize with people who do not own a mobile.

Through this question we tried to study the impact of cellular phones on the
society. A difference in the perception of the people was obtained when this
was studied on the people with different income group. Therefore the
hypothesis is as follows:

Ho: p1=p2=p3=p4=p5
H1: all pi’s not equal

Where p1= proportion of respondents strongly agreeing to the statement

p2= proportion of respondents agreeing to the statement
p3= proportion of respondents neutral to the statement
p4= proportion of respondents disagreeing to the statement
p5= proportion of respondents strongly disagreeing to the statement

For this we studied it on the frequency of respondents of the quota. We

found that about 43% of the respondents agree to the statement that it
is difficult to socialize with people who don’t own a mobile which is
fairly bigger proportion in comparison to the other 32% of the
respondents who disagree with the fact whereas 25% of the respondents
made no comments on this issue. Thus we can say that mobile phones are
creating a distance in the society and it definitely has an impact on the
society.

25
Q6.3 (v) People unconsciously use cell phones to check if they have any
call or message.

This sub question was studied both on income group and age group and it
was found that there is a significant difference in the opinion of the
respondents on the criteria’s. This shows that excessive usage of cellular
phones have made people conscious for the use of the phones. When the
data was studied it was found that 81% of the respondents belonging to the
higher income group and 71% of the respondents belonging to the age group
of 21-25 agree to this statement. It again shows that cellular phones
respondents who are in the age limit of 21-25 and belong to the higher
income group as well are excessively using mobile and are more impacted
by mobiles.

Q6.3 (vi) People send text messages during work or class

(vii) It is easy to express thoughts on phones than speaking face to
face

90
80
70
60
% of response in 50
quota 40 face to face
30 work or class
20
10
0
16-20 21-25 25-30
age group

26
Both the sub questions were studied together on the demography of the
quota assigned on the age group. From the data we find that 67% of the
respondents in the age group of 21-25 are in agreement with the statement of
sending text messages and again 84% of the respondents of the same age
group which is in agreement with the statement of expression of thoughts.
Thus we can say that it is the age group of 21-25 which agree the most in
this respect that they do send messages irrespective of work or class and are
in firm belief that it is easy to express on phones than face to face.

To analyze whether there is any difference in the frequency of usage of

different functions in the mobile phones with respect to age, Kruskal
Wallis Test was used.
For this we have assumed the Null hypothesis,

Ho = there is no significant difference in the frequency of usage of different

functions in the mobile phones with respect to age.

And the alternative hypothesis,

27
 H1 = there is no significant difference in the frequency of usage of different
functions in the mobile phones with respect to age.

How
frequently
Downloadi
How ng or How How How
How How frequentl forwarding frequent frequently frequentl
frequent frequent y Sending ring tones ly Getting y Sending
ly STD ly local pictures is used in Playing news text
calls are calls are messages mobile games updates messages
used used are used phones. are used are used are used
Chi-
24.904 21.682 18.173 12.278 6.226 1.432 14.221
Square
df 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Asymp.
.000 .000 .000 .002 .044 .489 .001
Sig.

With the help of the above table, we can see that except for getting news
update all other functions have P-value less than .05. So, the null hypothesis
is rejected. So it can be said that at least one age group have different
frequency of using the different functions of mobile phone like sending text
message, picture messages, downloading and forwarding ring tones etc.
For getting news update function almost all the age groups (77% of
the total respondent) have said that they don’t use this function frequently.

28
 Histogram

100

80
Frequency

60

40

20

Mean =3.28
Std. Dev. =1.362
N =300
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
How frequently Getting news updates are used

How frequently Getting news updates are used?

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid Most
frequently 39 13.0 13.0 13.0

frequently 60 20.0 20.0 33.0

sometimes 48 16.0 16.0 49.0
often 83 27.7 27.7 76.7
never 70 23.3 23.3 100.0
Total 300 100.0 100.0

29
 For further analysis of other functions, we have done Cross
tabulation, which shows that more than 50% of the respondent of the age
group 16-20 don’t do STD calls more frequently while other two groups use
more frequently.
Same the case for the 150

local calls while

analyzing the
frequency of usage of 100
Frequency

picture messages and

downloading or
50

forwarding ring tones

the trend is totally
reversed; more than 0
mostl frequently frequently sometimes often never

70% of the Office or college campus is the most common places where you use your
mobile.

respondent of the age group 26-30 said that they generally don’t prefer these
functions in the mobile phones while 86% of the people of the age group 16-
20 said they prefer text messaging more frequently in their mobile phones.

With the help of Kruskal Wallis test we have come to know that there is no
significant difference between response of the respondent about their
frequent usage of mobile phones at work or home with respect to age. More
than 70% of the respondents have told that they used it during works more
frequently.
__

30
Same with the usage of mobiles in stores while shopping, this can be
explained with the help of graphs given below:

100

80
Frequency

60

40

20

0
mostl frequently sometimes often never
frequently
Public transport is the most common places where you use your mobile.

__

With the help of cross tab we have analyzed that people within age group
within 26-30 generally don’t prefer to use mobiles in stores while peoples of
age with in 16-25 frequently use mobiles phones while shopping.

 Payment mode

The choice mode of payment is actually link to the actual consumption,

whether it is high or low. In all 65% of the respondents have prepaid
connection while 35% are in billing. Further analysis reveal that as the

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incoming is increasing the proportion of using post-paid connection is also
increasing.

Mode of Payment people currently using

100%
80%
Respondents

60%
40%
20%
0%
<5000 5000- 15000- 25000- >30000
15000 25000 30000
Income

prepaid postpaid

With the help of Kruskal –Wallis Test we also come to know that the
average billing differs with respect to income and age (Ho=no significant
difference in the average billing with respect to age and similarly we have
null hypothesis with respect to income). There is positive correlation
between monthly billing and average income

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 What is your average billing per
month (in Rs.) Total
500- 1000-
<500 1000 1500 >1500 <500
Age of 16-
48 39 11 7 105
responde 20
nt 21-
45 49 19 7 120
25
26-
22 28 12 13 75
30
Total 115 116 42 27 300

With the help of the table we can see that out of 27 respondents13 of age
group 26-30 are using post paid while prepaid are mostly used by the
respondents between the age group 16-30.

Mode of Payment People Currently Using

80%
70%
60%
Respondents

50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
16-20 21-25 25-30
Age

prepaid postpaid

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 LIMITATION

 The findings are based entirely upon the research conducted in

Lucknow. So it may not applicable to other city of India.

 Due to constraints of time certain variables are not touched at all

during the course of the study while some of the variables are
explored in a limited manner. A further in-depth analysis may be
covered in each of the variables.

 With a larger sample size spread across other cities of India, we might

arrive at the results with higher confidence level.

 Such study should be taken periodically to determine the exact

consumer perception that changes continuously with time.

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 CONCLUSION

The study focused on the impact and usage of the mobile phones on the
people and thus the results that we got showed that the impact and
awareness about the latest technologies and features in the handsets has
increased.
The people also admit that excessive usage of the cellphones cause certain
disorders in the body and yet are not able to avoid the usage.
Therefore from the study the social and the pschycological implications of
the growing usage of mobile phones is clearly evident.

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