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Q&A Eliya

The document provides an overview of various Linux concepts, including daily server management tasks, the Linux operating system, kernel, shell, and commands. It explains system utilities, the boot process, types of backups, and differences between YUM and RPM package managers. Additionally, it covers user management, CPU and RAM checks, and networking concepts like DNS and firewalls.

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eliyapothraj528
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8 views4 pages

Q&A Eliya

The document provides an overview of various Linux concepts, including daily server management tasks, the Linux operating system, kernel, shell, and commands. It explains system utilities, the boot process, types of backups, and differences between YUM and RPM package managers. Additionally, it covers user management, CPU and RAM checks, and networking concepts like DNS and firewalls.

Uploaded by

eliyapothraj528
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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 E6944-C22EA-A5319-CBE43 Daily activities?

Checking space on all are the server if any server high utilized, we need to
troubleshoot and daily we are supporting 30 virtual server and 10 physical sir and
installation in server and patching and taking backup from one server to another
server.

 What Is Linux?
Linux is an open source operating system system inspired by unix. It’s the preferred
OS for computers, servers, mainframes, mobile devices and embedded devices.

 What is Linux Kernel?


The linux kernel is a low level systems software whose main role is to manage
hardware resources for the user. It is the core of any os & it is responsible for
translating the user commands similar language that understood by the computer
hardware.

 What is Shell?
The shell is a program that take commands from keyboard and pass them to
operating system (Kernal) for perfoming. During the initial days shell was the only
mode of communicating with kernel (via the CLI)

 What is BASH?
BASH Is short for Bourne Again Shell. BASH combines the the feature of the original
shell + additional functionality to make it easier and more convenient to use.
Nowadays, BASH has been adopted as the default shell for most Linux Systems.

 What Are Daemons?


Daemons is a type of program that runs in background, free of use control. The file
name of a software daemon usually ends in the letter d.

 What Is Lilo?
LILO is an acronym for linux loader. It is a boot loader, which load the Linux
Operating System into main memory so that it begin its operations.

 What are the basic components of Linux OS?


Kernel – Kernal is the core of Linux OS Which is responsible for all the major
activities.

Shell & GUI – They are special functions or programs using which application
programs or system utilities access Kernal’s Features.

System Utilities – system utility program are responsible for the execution of special
and individual tasks.

 What is TOP Command?


TOP command is used for Monitor everything. It shows load average, CPU Load,
Sleeping Process, Running Process, just like Task Manager in Windows.
 If particular process is not killed by KILL Command so how it’ll be Killed?
We will use kill -9 & then PID, Kill -9 means Kill Forcefully.

 What is Process?
Whatever application load in ram is called process.

 What is PID?
Every process will have a PID & That PID is generated by E random Module.

 How to Lock a User?


Passwd -l (username) Locked
Passwd -u (username) Unlocked

 How to check CPU Information?


Command Is cat /proc/cpuinfo or ls cpu.

 How to check RAM utilization?


Free -m command shows ram utilization and free space left. The data which will
show It shows MB.

 What is U mask?
When we create any file, directory it always come with a default permission. So that
permission is called U Mask.

 Tell me about boot process?


Linux startup called boot process.
Linux starting process.
BIOS basic input output system execute.
MBR master boot record. It execute GRUB.
GRUB grand unified bootloader it execute INIT.
INIT is execute runlevel etc…

 What is the port no of DNS?


53

 what is the port number of apache?


80

 what is zombie process?


A zombie process is a process whose execution is completed but it still has an
entry in the process table.

 Types of files in linux?


Regular file
Directory file
Link file
Block special file
Name pipe file
Character file
Socket file
 Where Logs are located?
/var/logs.

 What is DNS?
DNS stands for Domain Name System. It is a Naming System for all the resources
over Internet which includes Physical nodes and Applications.

 How to create LVM?


1. We will add hard disk.
2. Then we need to discover that hardisk by using ECHO command 3times.
(echo “- - -“ > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
3. Then will check is hardisk discovered or not. By using command
(ls /dev/sd*)
4. Once the hardisk discovered will create partition using Fdisk command. And
hardisk name.
5. Once the fdisk option opend will press N for new then P for partition. Then
partion number 1.
Then 1st sector enter last sector enter then P so the partition is created.
6. Then will type t (to list all hex code) and then 8e for LVM. Then will save it by
typing W.
7. Then will update kernel table by using command partprobe -s (driver name).
8. For creating LVM we need to do 3 thing PV (physical volume), VG (volume
group). LV (logical valume).
Pvcreate (driver name)
Vg create (vg name) (pv name)
lvcreate -L (the size u want in lvm +300M) -n lv1 (vgname)
9. Will format it by using command mkfs.ext4 (driver name) then we need to
mount it by using command mount (driver name).
10. Will make an entry in /etc/Fstab.
Then df-h to see all mounted partition.

 How to extend LVM?


1. lvextend -L +100m (size of extend) (driver name)
2. then we need to resize filesystem command is
resize2fs (driver name)

 Types of backup?

Full Backup - Full backups make a complete copy of all the data on your system.
Some Linux admins do a full backup by default for smaller folders or data sets that
don’t eat up a lot of storage space.

Incremental Backup - Incremental backups record all data that has changed since
performing your last backup – full or incremental. If you perform a full backup on
Sunday evening, you can run an incremental backup on Tuesday evening to hit all
the files that changed since that first job.
Differential Backup - Differential backups record all changes made since your last
full backup. So let’s say you run a full backup Sunday night. Then on the following
Tuesday, you run a differential backup to record all the changes made since
Sunday’s job.

 Difference between YUM & RPM?


Yum and RPM even though are Linux system packaging managers, they are still
different even in their meaning. While Yum is a top-level front end packaging
manager that operates on RPM-based Linux systems, RPM is a low-level packaging
manager that performs basic functions.

 How YUM Works?

YUM performs dependency resolution when installing, updating, and removing


software packages. YUM can manage packages from installed repositories in the
system or from rpm packages. The main configuration file for YUM is at /etc/yum.

 What is Firewall?

A firewall can be defined as a system of network security that controls and filters the
traffic on the rule's predefined set. It is an intermediary system between the Internet
and the device.

 Difference between symlink and hardlink?

In symlink if parent file deleted then child file become orphan file. In hardlink if parent
file deleted then no impact on child file. Symlink can cross partition but hardlink
cannot cross partition. Symlink can be created over directories but hardink cannot
create over directories.

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