GPON Principle Introduction

Objectives

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

⚫ Describe GPON Network Architecture

⚫ Outline GPON Basic Concepts
⚫ Outline GPON Key Technologies
⚫ Outline GPON Applications
⚫ Outline 10G/50G GPON Concepts and Technologies

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 Contents

1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. PON Key Technologies

4. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

5. GPON Network application

6. GPON Evolution

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Architecture of Optical Access Network—in Residential
Customer
Premise
Central Office 3.5-5km
Copper Equipment
Remote Business
DSLAM

Fiber
Curb
FTTC OLT
Fiber to the Curb
DSLAM

FTTB OLT
Fiber to the Building
ONU

FTTH OLT
Fiber to the Home
ONT
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Architecture of Optical Access Network—in Commercial
POL: Passive Optical LAN, GPON used in Commercial
use cases
WAN
POL Applications:

OLT

ODN
Hotel Office School

ONT

PC IP Phone AP CCTV
Entry Parking
Control Control
BMS Hospital Student Dormitory Mining Camp
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 Contents

1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. PON Key Technologies

4. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

5. GPON Network application

6. GPON Evolution

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What is GPON?
Passive Optical Network
Optical
Network Terminal
VoIP
Passive Optical
Splitter ... ..
Internet
Optical Network
Optical Line
...
Unit
Terminal
IPTV ..
⚫ GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network
⚫ PON is short for Passive Optical Network ;
⚫ GPON architecture: Passive optical network featuring one-to-multiple-point;
 Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Optical Network Unit (ONU) Optical Distribution Network (ODN).
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GPON Principle: Data Multiplexing
⚫ GPON adopts Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, facilitating bi-
direction communication over a single fiber.
1310nm

ONU/ONT
OLT Splitter

1490nm

⚫ To separate upstream/downstream signals of multiple users over a single fiber,

GPON adopts two mechanisms:
 In downstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a broadcast manner;
 In upstream direction, data packets are transmitted in a TDMA manner

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GPON Principle: Downstream Broadcast mode
Data for specified ONU

1
Data for specified ONU

1 2 3 1 2 3 2

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GPON Principle: Upstream TDMA mode
Data from specified user

1
Data from specified ONU

1 2 3 2 2

TDMA : Time Division Multiplex Access

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Basic Performance Parameters
Upstream Downstream 1.24416 Gbit/s
Rate(Gbps) Rate(Gbps) up, 2.48832 The distance
Gbit/s down is between nearest
0.15552 1.24416
the and farthest
0.62208 1.24416 mainstream ONTs is 20 km
speed
1.24416 1.24416
Maximum logical reach 60 km
0.15552 2.48832
Maximum physical reach 20 km
0.62208 2.48832
Maximum differential fibre distance 20 km
1.24416 2.48832
Maximum Split ratio 1: 128
2.48832 2.48832

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Power Budget: PON Transceivers

5-10km: B+

10-20km: C+

Class D: 20-30km
Long Reach
Optical Module: Class D
Huawei Unique

Optical Loss Budget

OLT Transceiver With Class B+ ONT With Class C+ ONT With Class D ONT
Class B+ 28dB 28dB(Enable FEC) 29dB(Enable FEC)
GPON
Class C+ 29dB 32dB(Enable FEC) 33dB(Enable FEC)
Class D 32dB 35dB(Enable FEC) 36dB(Enable FEC)
OLT Transceiver With N1 ONT With N2 ONT
XGS-PON N1 29db 29db -
N2 31db 31db
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ODN Attenuation
Optical power attenuation in ODN link
Attenuation
Item Type Photos
(dB)
1310 nm optical cable (db/km) 0.35
Fiber(G.652D)
1490 nm optical cable (db/km) 0.23
Slicing 0.1
Movable Connector 0.3
Connector
Faster Connector 0.5
Cold shut 0.2
1: 2 3.6
1: 4 7.4
1:N Splitter 1: 8 10.5
1: 16 13.5
1: 32 16.8
2: 2 3.6
2: 4 7.6
2:N Splitter 2: 8 10.8
2: 16 13.8
2: 32 17.1
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 Contents

1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. PON Key Technologies

4. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

5. GPON Network application

6. GPON Evolution

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Mapping of Ethernet Service in GPON

GPON system resolves Ethernet

⚫ Ethernet Packet GEM Frame
frames and then directly maps PLI
Inter packet gap 12 bytes
the data of frames into the GEM Port ID 5 bytes
Payload. Preamble PTI
8 bytes
SFD CRC

⚫ GEM frames automatically DA

encapsulate header information. SA GEM

Length\Type Payload
⚫ Mapping format is clear and it is MAC client data
easy for devices to support this
FEC
mapping. It also boasts good EOF
compatibility.

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DBA(Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation): Upstream Bandwidth Allocation

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AES Encryption in GPON
ONT 1 1 1

Decryption

1 3 2 1 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 1
OLT ONT 2

Encryption Decryption

AES: Advanced Encrypt Standard ONT 3 3

A globally-used encryption algorithm
Decryption
⚫ OLT applies Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 128 encryption.
⚫ GPON supports encrypted transmission in downstream direction, such as AES128 encryption.
⚫ In the case of GEM fragments, only the payload will be encrypted.
⚫ GPON system initiates AES key exchange and switch-over periodically, improving the reliability
of the line.
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GPON Protection: Type B Single Homing

Protection range
ONU 1

Splitter
OLT
ONU N Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link

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GPON Protection: Type B Dual Homing

Protection range OLT1

ONU 1

Splitter OLT2
ONU N
Work port
Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link
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GPON Protection: Type C Single Homing
Protection range
ONU 1 Protection
Splitter
range

ONU N Splitter OLT

Protection range Work port

Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link
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GPON Protection: Type C Dual Homing
Protection range Protection
ONU 1 Splitter range
OLT 1

OLT 2
ONU N Splitter

Protection range Work port

Protect port
PON port
Work-side link
Protect-side link
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 Contents

1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. PON Key Technologies

4. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

5. GPON Network application

6. GPON Evolution

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 GPON Terminal Authentication and Management

GPON ONU authentication:

✓ SN authentication
✓ Password authentication NMS
✓ SN+Password authentication

GPON ONU is mainly managed through OMCI

SNMP
messages:
✓ ONU plug and play
✓ ONU remote centralized management by OLT
OMCI
✓ ONU no need management IP address

ONU OLT

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GPON Service Provisioning of Residential FTTx

1 Subscribe for services

CRM Order Management Service Provisioning Billing

2 Configure service

NMS

3 Deliver ONU to users

3 1
Finish the auto-configuration of OLT
Use OMCI to finishing
data configuration on OLT
ONT

ONT 2 ONT
STB ONT
User ONT power on and authentication with SN/Password ONT

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GPON Service Provisioning of Enterprise

Configure
service profile

NMS

1 Finish the auto-configuration of OLT

3
Use OMCI to finishing
OLT
data configuration on
ONT

ONT 2
ONT
ONT
ONT power on and authentication with SN/Password ONT

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 Contents

1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. PON Key Technologies

4. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

5. GPON Network application

6. GPON Evolution

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Solution Application: Residential FTTx
BB service platform VoD Server
PC TL1/CORBA
/API Notification Middle
ware
IPTV SFU Carrier’s OSS
NMS

Phone

Internet
Ethernet
CPE MDU IP Core
Splitter OLT Firewall

PC
SBU BRAS
Phone AAA Server
Softswitch

FE CBU

E1
IP
Voice

CPE ODN NSP ASP/ISP

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Solution Application: Commercial POL
Application
VoD Firewall IP/PBX AC NMS
Receiver

HDT Security Voice WIF OSS VC Education CCTV Storage

V I
Coder/decoder 10GE Core Switch
Optical transmission
GPON Communication
CATV IP data 1310/1490nm OL OL Room
1550nm WDM
multiplexer T T

Splitter Splitter Splitter

1: 8 2: 4 2: 8

ONT AP ONU ONU ONU

CATV/IPTV PC Phone PC VC IP Phone AP NC CCTV CCTV

Safe City/
Hotel Office Education/Hosipital Transportation

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 Contents

1. Overview of Optical Access Network

2. Basic Concepts of PON

3. PON Key Technologies

4. GPON Management and Service Provisioning

5. GPON Network application

6. GPON Evolution

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Access Industry Iterating each 7~8 Years, 50G PON Becoming Mainstream Next
Generation
PON
Evolution

100Mbps+ packages 1 Gbps+ packages 10Gbps+ bandwidth and

more service scenarios

F4G F5G F5G-A

GPON 10G GPON 50G GPON

2004 2009 2012 2016 2017 2021 2024 2027

GPON Large-scale GPON XG(S)-PON Large-scale XG(S)-PON 50G PON Large-scale 50G PON
Standard Deployment Standard Deployment Standard Deployment

1 billions users worldwide

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 10G PON Architecture

10G PON
10G/2.5G
ONU
10G PON OLT
1480-1500 10Gb/s
10G Tx
10G/10G
ONU
10G/2.5G 1260-1280 10G/2.5Gb/s (TDM)
Triple rate Rx

10G PON Architecture

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 50G PON Architecture

50G PON
50G/12.5
G ONU
50G PON OLT
1340-1344 50Gb/s
50G Tx
50G/25G
ONU
50G/25G/12.5 1290-1310 50G/25G/12.5Gb/s (TDM)
G
Triple rate Rx 50G/50G
ONU
Source：50G PON Architecture

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 GPON Specification Summary
XG(S)-PON
Specification GPON 50G(S) PON
XG-PON XGS-PON

•Downstream: 1480-1500 nm •Downstream: 1575-1580 nm •Downstream: 1575-1580 nm •Downstream: 1340-1344 nm

Wavelength
•Upstream: 1290-1330 nm •Upstream: 1260-1280 nm •Upstream: 1260-1280 nm •Upstream: 1284-1288 nm

•Downstream: 1490 nm •Downstream: 1577 nm •Downstream: 1577 nm •Downstream: 1342 nm

Center wavelength
•Upstream: 1310 nm •Upstream: 1270 nm •Upstream: 1270 nm •Upstream: 1286 nm

•Downstream: 49.766 Gbit/s

•Downstream: 2.488 Gbit/s •Downstream: 9.953 Gbit/s •Downstream: 9.953 Gbit/s
Maximum Line Rate •Upstream:
•Upstream: 1.244 Gbit/s •Upstream: 2.488 Gbit/s •Upstream: 9.953 Gbit/s
12.44/24.88/49.766 Gbit/s

XGS-PON 50G PON GPON 50G PON GPON XGS-PON

Upstream Upstream Upstream Downstream Downstream Downstream

nm
1290

1330
1310
1270

1286

1342

1490

1577
1480
1340

1344
1260

1288

1500
1280

1284

1575

1580
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 Summary

After taking this course, you will be able to know PON Principle：
⚫ GPON uses point to multipoint architecture. GPON consists of OLT, ODN and ONU.

⚫ GPON utilizes broadcasting in downstream and TDMA in upstream.

⚫ Standard GPON speed is 2.5Gbps in the downstream and 1.25Gbps in the upstream.

XGS-GPON speed is 10Gbps in the downstream and upstream.

⚫ DBA is used to dynamically adjust bandwidths in the PON upstream direction.

⚫ GPON utilizes Type B and Type C to ensure reliability.

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Thank you. 把数字世界带入每个人、每个家庭、
每个组织，构建万物互联的智能世界。
Bring digital to every person, home, and
organization for a fully connected,
intelligent world.

Copyright© 2024 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved.

The information in this document may contain predictive

statements including, without limitation, statements regarding
the future financial and operating results, future product
portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors
that could cause actual results and developments to differ
materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive
statements. Therefore, such information is provided for reference
purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance.
Huawei may change the information at any time without notice.
References
⚫ ITU-T 984.1
⚫ ITU-T 984.2
⚫ ITU-T 984.3
⚫ ITU-T 984.4
⚫ ITU-T 984.5
⚫ ITU-T 984.6
⚫ ITU-T 987.X

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Abbreviations
⚫ AAA: Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
⚫ ACL: Access Control List
⚫ ACS: Auto-Configuration Server
⚫ ADSL: Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
⚫ AES: Advanced Encryption Standard.
⚫ BFD: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection.
⚫ BRAS: Broadband Remote Access Server.
⚫ CATV: Cable TV
⚫ DSLAM: Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer
⚫ GPON: Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Network
⚫ OLT: Optical Line Terminal
⚫ ONT: Optical Network Terminal

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Abbreviations
⚫ ONU: Optical Network Unit
⚫ ODN: Optical Distribution Network
⚫ POL: Passive Optical LAN
⚫ FTTB: Fiber to the Building
⚫ FTTC: Fiber to the Cabinet/Curb
⚫ FTTH: Fiber to the Home
⚫ GEM: GPON encapsulation mode/method
⚫ TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access
⚫ T-CONT: Transmission Container
⚫ CPE: customer premises equipment
⚫ NSP: network service provider
⚫ ASP: application service provider
⚫ ISP: Independent Service Provider
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Abbreviations
⚫ VoIP: Voice over IP
⚫ IPTV: Internet Protocol Television
⚫ WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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