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ACTIVITY 6

The document provides an overview of electromechanical machines, including electric motors, generators, transformers, and relays, detailing their functions and principles of operation. It specifically discusses direct current (DC) motors, their components, types, and the role of the armature core, as well as alternating current (AC) motors and transformers. Additionally, it explains the principles of electromagnetic induction and the importance of transformers in voltage regulation for power transmission.

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3 views

ACTIVITY 6

The document provides an overview of electromechanical machines, including electric motors, generators, transformers, and relays, detailing their functions and principles of operation. It specifically discusses direct current (DC) motors, their components, types, and the role of the armature core, as well as alternating current (AC) motors and transformers. Additionally, it explains the principles of electromagnetic induction and the importance of transformers in voltage regulation for power transmission.

Uploaded by

cobbahclaudette
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ACTIVITY 6.

Identification Of Electrical Machines, Its Parts


And Testing.
Electromechanical Machines:
Electromechanical machines are devices that convert electrical
energy to mechanical energy.
Examples include: electric motors, generators, transformers,
and relays.
1. Electric motors: these devices convert electrical energy into
mechanical energy. They work on the principle of
electromagnetic induction.
2. Generators: Generators are devices that convert mechanical
energy into electrical energy. They work on the principle of
electromagnetic induction, where a magnetic field is rotated
within a coil of wire, inducing an electrical current in the
wire.
3. Transformers: transformers are devices that transfer
electrical energy from one circuit to another through
electromagnetic induction. They are used to increase or
decrease the voltage of electrical power.
4. Relays: relays are devices that use an electrical signal to
switch a mechanical device on or off. They work by using
electromagnetic field to control the opening and closing of
electrical contacts, allowing them to control the flow of
electrical power.

Direct current motors


Working principle: DC motors work on the principle of
electromagnetism,where a magnetic field is produced by the
interaction of an electric current with a magnetic field.
The interaction between the magnetic fields creates a force
that rotates the motor shaft.
COMPONENTS:
The stator (stationary part)
The rotor (rotating part)
[for brushed dc motors]
[Commutators]
[Brushes]
Bearings
Armature
Field windings

The stator: the stationary part of the motor that houses the
field windings. It creates a magnetic field that interacts with the
rotor to produce torque.
The rotor: the rotating part contains the armature windings.
When the stator magnetic fields interacts with the rotor
magnetic field, torque is produced, causing the rotor to rotate.
Commutator: it reverses the direction of the current in the
armature winding as the rotor rotates. This allows the magnetic
field produced by the armature to interact with the magnetic
field produce continuous rotation.
Brushes: conductive elements that make contact with the
commutator and supply electrical current to the armature
windings.
Brushes wear out over time and need to be replaced
periodically.
Armature: The armature is a cylindrical core that houses the
armature windings .
The armature windings are made up of copper wire and
produce the magnetic field that interacts with the stator
magnetic field to produce torque .
Field windings: The field windings are coils of wire that create
the magnetic field in the stator .
The strength of the magnetic field can be adjusted bu varying
the amount of electrical current flowing through the field
windings .
Bearings: Bearings are used to support the rotor and
allows it to rotate smoothly .
Made of metal and designed to withstand the high spreads
and loads of the motor .

DC motors can be classified into several types based on their


construction and operation:
1. Brushed DC motors: use commutators and brushes
2. Brushless DC motors: use electronic commutation to control
the direction of the current in the rotor windings.
3. Series DC motors: they have the stator and stator and rotor
windings connected in series. It allows for high starting torque
but low speed control.
4. Shunt DC motors: Shunt DC motors have the stator and rotor
windings connected in parallel. Allows for better speed control.
But lower starting torque.
5. Compound DC motors: DC motors that combine the
characteristics of series and shunt motors, with both series and
shunt windings connected to the same armature.
6. Permanent magnet DC motors: use permanent magnet in
DC motors to produce the magnetic field, eliminating the need
for a separate field winding.

Functions of armature core:


1. Provides a path for the magnetic field.
2. Supports the armature windings.
3. Minimizes energy losses.
4. Improves heat dissipation.

AC MOTORS:
In AC motors, AC is supplied to the stator windings of the motor
in some AC machines, currents induced in the rotor windings
by electromagnetic induction causing a magnetic field. The two
magnetic fields interacts and the rotor rotates.
Types of AC motors/generators
1. 3-phase motor/generator
2. Single phase motor/generator

Universal motors: motors that take both AC and DC.


Commutation refers to changing from AC to DC..

Transformers:
Transformers are electrical devices that are used to transfer
electric current electrical energy from one circuit to another
through electromagnetic induction.
They work using the principle of Faraday’s law of
electromagnetic induction, which states that a changing
magnetic field can induce a voltage in a coil of wire.

Transformers are used to step-up or step-down the voltage of


the AC power supply, which is necessary to transmit power
over long distances and to reduce the voltage to a safe level for
use in electronic devices.

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