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Projectile-Motion

The document explains projectile motion, detailing the two-dimensional movement of projectiles with constant horizontal velocity and changing vertical velocity due to gravity. It covers the analysis of both horizontally and vertically launched projectiles, including equations for calculating time of flight, horizontal distance, and maximum height. Examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and calculations involved in projectile motion.

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K'c Baylon
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
11 views

Projectile-Motion

The document explains projectile motion, detailing the two-dimensional movement of projectiles with constant horizontal velocity and changing vertical velocity due to gravity. It covers the analysis of both horizontally and vertically launched projectiles, including equations for calculating time of flight, horizontal distance, and maximum height. Examples are provided to illustrate the concepts and calculations involved in projectile motion.

Uploaded by

K'c Baylon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Projectile Motion

What is a projectile?

Projectile -Any object


which projected by some
means and continues to move
due to its own inertia (mass).
Projectiles move in TWO dimensions
Since a projectile
moves in 2-
dimensions, it
therefore has 2
components just like a
resultant vector.
Horizontal and
Vertical
Horizontal “Velocity” Component
NEVER changes, covers
equal displacements in
equal time periods. This
means the initial
horizontal velocity equals
the final horizontal
velocity In other words, the horizontal
velocity is CONSTANT. BUT WHY?

Gravity DOES NOT work


horizontally to increase or decrease
the velocity.
Vertical “Velocity” Component
Changes (due to
gravity), does NOT
cover equal
displacements in
equal time periods.
Both the MAGNITUDE and DIRECTION
change. As the projectile moves up the
MAGNITUDE DECREASES and its direction is
UPWARD. As it moves down the MAGNITUDE
INCREASES and the direction is DOWNWARD.
Combining the Components
Together, these components
produce what is called a
trajectory or path. This
path is parabolic in nature.

Component Magnitude Direction

Horizontal Constant Constant


Vertical Changes Changes
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Projectiles which have NO upward trajectory and NO
initial VERTICAL velocity.
vox = vx = constant

voy = 0 m / s
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
To analyze a projectile in 2 dimensions we need 2
equations. One for the “x” direction and one for the
“y” direction. 1 2
x = vox t + at
2
x = vox t y= 1 gt 2
2
Remember, the velocity is Remember that since the
CONSTANT horizontally, projectile is launched
so that means the horizontally, the INITIAL
acceleration is ZERO! VERTICAL VELOCITY is
equal to ZERO.
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Example: A plane
traveling with a horizontal What do I
velocity of 100 m/s is 500 What to find?
know?
m above the ground. At
some point the pilot drops a vox=100 m/s t=?
bomb on a target below:
y = 500 m x=?
(a) How long is the bomb in
the air? voy= 0 m/s
(b) How far away from
g = -9.8 m/s/s
point above where it was
dropped will it land?
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Horizontally Launched Projectiles
Example: A baseball is thrown horizontally
from a height of 2.5 meters with an initial speed
of 15 m/s. Assume there is no air resistance and
take gravity as 9.8 m/s².
1. How long does it take for the baseball to hit the
ground?
2. How far will the baseball travel horizontally
before hitting the ground?
Vertically Launched Projectiles
NO Vertical Velocity at the top of the trajectory.

Vertical
Velocity
decreases on
the way
upward Vertical Velocity
increases on the
way down,

Horizontal
Velocity is
constant

Component Magnitude Direction


Horizontal Constant Constant
Decreases up, 0 at
Vertical top, Increases down
Changes
Vertically Launched Projectiles
Since the projectile
was launched at an vo voy
angle (θ), the velocity
MUST be broken into θ
components!!! vox
vox = vo cos θ
voy = vo sin θ
Vertically Launched Projectiles
There are several things
you must consider
when doing these types
of projectiles besides
using components. If it
begins and ends at
ground level, the “y”
displacement is ZERO:
y=0
Vertically Launched Projectiles
You will still use kinematic #2, but YOU MUST use
COMPONENTS in the equation.

x = voxt 1
y = voy t + gt 2
2

vox = vo cos θ
voy = vo sin θ
Vertically Launched Projectiles
A place kicker kicks a football with a
velocity of 20.0 m/s and at an angle
of 53 degrees.
(a) How long is the ball in the air?
(b) How far away does it land?
(c) How high does it travel?
Vertically Launched Projectiles
A basketball is thrown at an angle of
45° with a speed of 25 m/s.
A. Find the time of flight?
B. What is the horizontal range of
the ball?
C. How high does it travel?

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