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Blood Grouping

The document describes the ABO blood grouping system, discovered by Karl Landsteiner, which categorizes blood into four types based on the presence of antigens A and B, as well as the RhD factor. It outlines the materials needed and the step-by-step procedure for determining blood type using the slide method with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D reagents. The interpretation of agglutination results is also provided to identify the blood group.

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306 views2 pages

Blood Grouping

The document describes the ABO blood grouping system, discovered by Karl Landsteiner, which categorizes blood into four types based on the presence of antigens A and B, as well as the RhD factor. It outlines the materials needed and the step-by-step procedure for determining blood type using the slide method with anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D reagents. The interpretation of agglutination results is also provided to identify the blood group.

Uploaded by

JEBA J
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BLOOD GROUPING (SLIDE METHOD)

Karl Landsteiner discovered the ABO blood group system in the early 1900s.The blood
grouping slide and tile method is a procedure for determining blood type that involves mixing
blood with anti-A and anti-B reagents on a slide or tile.
ABO blood Group system
 The basis of ABO grouping is of two antigens- Antigen A and Antigen B.
 The ABO grouping system is classified into four types based on the presence
or absence of antigens on the red blood cells surface and plasma antibodies.
 If the RhD antigen is on the surface of the red blood cells, then a person is
said to be Rh+ and if it isn't, the person is Rh-.
 Group A – contains antigen A and antibody B.
 Group B –contains antigen B and antibody A.
 Group AB –contains both A and B antigen and no antibodies (A&B)
 Group O – contains neither A nor B antigen and both antibodies A and B.

Materials Required
 Toothpicks
 Blood sample
 Alcohol Swabs
 Lancet
 Clean glass slide
 Sterile cotton balls
 Biohazard disposal container
 Monoclonal Antibodies (Anti-A, B, and D)
PROCEDURE

1. Take a clean glass side


2. Mark three circles on it
3. Add the Anti-A, Anti-B and Anti-D in the first, second and third circle
respectively
4. Keep the slide aside safely without disturbing.
5. Wipe the ring finger with the alcohol swabs and rub gently near the
fingertip,.
6. Prick the ring fingertip with the lancet and wipe off the first drop of the
blood.
7. Allow the blood to fall on the three circles of the glass slide by gently
pressing the fingertip.
8. Apply pressure on the pricked site to stop blood flow, using a cotton ball if
necessary.
9. Mix the blood sample gently with the help of a toothpick and wait for a
minute to observe the result.
Interpretation
Agglutination on A - blood group is A
Agglutination seen on B - the blood group is B
Agglutination on both A and B - the blood group is AB
No agglutination on A and B - the blood group is O
Agglutination is seen on D -the blood group is Rh (D) positive
No agglutination on D - the blood group is Rh (D) negative.

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