COMPUTER SCIENCE

CLASS: 9TH
CHAPTER # 6 IMPACTS OF COMPUTING
Short Questions (Exercise)
1. Illustrate the responsible use of computer hardware by an individual.

Answer:
The responsible use of computer hardware includes:

1. Proper Handling: Avoid physical damage by handling hardware carefully.

2. Maintenance: Regular cleaning and checking for hardware issues.

3. Power Conservation: Turning off devices when not in use to save energy.

4. E-Waste Management: Recycling or properly disposing of outdated hardware.

2. What does appropriate software use entail?

Answer:
Appropriate software use means:

1. Using Licensed Software: Avoid using pirated or illegal software.

2. Updating Software: Regularly update software to improve security and functionality.

3. Compliance with Terms: Follow software usage agreements.

4. Avoiding Malware: Install trusted software to prevent malicious activities.

3. How do you stay safe while conducting data searches online?
Answer:
To stay safe while searching data online:

1. Use Secure Websites: Only visit websites with HTTPS security.

2. Avoid Suspicious Links: Do not click on unknown or suspicious websites.

3. Use Antivirus Software: Protect devices from malware and viruses.

4. Avoid Sharing Personal Information: Be careful when filling forms or surveys online.

4. Extract and enlist some key aspects of responsible social networking.

Answer:
Key aspects of responsible social networking are:

1. Privacy Settings: Control who can view your posts and profile.

2. Avoid Fake News: Share only verified information.

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 3. Respect Others: Avoid offensive or harmful content.

4. Time Management: Limit excessive use of social media to maintain productivity.

5. Sketch the positive impacts of social networking in today’s society.

Answer:
The positive impacts of social networking include:

1. Improved Communication: Staying connected with friends and family.

2. Educational Benefits: Access to learning resources and collaboration platforms.

3. Business Opportunities: Promotes online marketing and customer outreach.

4. Social Awareness: Spread awareness about social issues and global events.

6. Relate fake news affecting our understanding of current events.

Answer:
Fake news misleads people and impacts understanding of events:

1. Creates Confusion: People believe incorrect information.

2. Causes Panic: Spreading fake news can lead to unnecessary panic or fear.

3. Harms Reputation: False news damages individuals' or organizations' reputation.

4. Manipulates Opinions: Influences opinions and decisions on sensitive topics.

7. Summarize some of the adverse effects of social networking.

Answer:
The adverse effects of social networking are:

1. Privacy Issues: Personal information can be misused.

2. Mental Health Problems: Excessive use may cause anxiety and depression.

3. Cyberbullying: Harmful interactions that affect individuals emotionally.

4. Addiction: Overuse of social media reduces productivity and focus.

8. Interpret the dangers associated with the spread of fake news online.
Answer:
The dangers of fake news include:

1. Misinformation: Spreads false information, creating confusion.

2. Social Unrest: Fake news can trigger political or social conflicts.

3. Financial Fraud: Scammers exploit fake news to mislead people.

4. Public Panic: Spreading false health or emergency news causes unnecessary panic.

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9. Examine the computing influence on personal privacy.
Answer:
Computing affects personal privacy in both positive and negative ways:

1. Data Storage: Sensitive personal data is stored online, making it vulnerable to hacking.

2. Tracking: Companies track user activities for personalized marketing.

3. Improved Security: Encryption and secure platforms protect personal data.

4. Risk of Breach: Unauthorized access can expose personal information.

10. Criticize about the role computing plays in shaping educational practices.
Answer:
Computing has both positive and critical impacts on education:

1. Positive Impacts:

o Provides access to global learning resources.

o Encourages interactive learning through digital tools.

2. Critical Aspects:

o Over-reliance on technology can reduce critical thinking skills.

o Online distractions may hamper focus and productivity.

o Limited access to technology can create educational inequality.

Long Questions (Exercise)

1. Identify the precautions that need to be taken to ensure the physical safety of
computer hardware.
Answer:
Ensuring the physical safety of computer hardware is crucial for its longevity and performance. Below
are some precautions:

1. Proper Handling:

o Handle hardware with care to avoid physical damage.

o Avoid dropping or mishandling components like laptops, monitors, and external drives.

2. Avoid Overheating:
o Use cooling systems like fans or cooling pads to prevent overheating.

o Keep devices in well-ventilated areas and clean dust regularly.

3. Power Protection:

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 o Use surge protectors to protect hardware from power surges or voltage fluctuations.

o Unplug devices during thunderstorms or power failures.

4. Safe Storage:
o Store hardware like USB drives, cables, and devices in safe, clean, and dry
environments.

o Avoid moisture, as it can cause rust or short circuits.

5. Regular Maintenance:
o Clean devices regularly to avoid dust accumulation.

o Use anti-static tools when repairing or upgrading hardware.

6. Physical Security:
o Lock rooms or use security cables to prevent theft of hardware like laptops and CPUs.

Conclusion:
By taking these precautions, hardware can be kept safe from physical damage, overheating, and theft,
ensuring its proper functionality over time.

2. Judge the meaning of using software legally and ethically.

Answer:
Using software legally and ethically means adhering to the laws and guidelines set by developers and
organizations. It also ensures fairness and accountability in software usage.

Legal Use of Software:

1. Using Licensed Software:

o Always purchase or download software with a valid license. Avoid using pirated or
cracked versions.

2. Compliance with EULAs (End-User License Agreements):

o Follow the terms and conditions of software usage specified by the provider.

3. Avoid Illegal Distribution:

o Do not share, sell, or distribute copyrighted software without permission.

Ethical Use of Software:

1. Avoid Malware:

o Ensure that software is not misused for malicious activities like hacking or spreading
malware.

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 2. Respect Intellectual Property:

o Acknowledge the efforts of developers and avoid copying code or ideas without
permission.

3. Use for Intended Purpose:

o Use software for its intended purpose and avoid any misuse.

Example:
Using licensed versions of Microsoft Office instead of pirated copies ensures legal compliance and
ethical responsibility.

Conclusion:
Using software legally and ethically is essential to respect intellectual property, promote fairness, and
ensure the security of systems.

3. Express the ways users can recognize and protect themselves from online cheats and
phishing attempts.
Answer:
Online cheats and phishing attempts are growing threats to digital users. Below are ways to recognize
and protect against them:

How to Recognize Online Cheats and Phishing Attempts:

1. Suspicious Emails or Messages:

o Emails with urgent language, spelling errors, or unusual links may indicate phishing.

2. Unfamiliar URLs:

o Phishing websites often use URLs that look similar to trusted ones but have minor
changes.

3. Requests for Personal Information:

o Legitimate organizations never ask for passwords or financial details via email or SMS.

How to Protect Yourself:

1. Verify Sources:

o Always verify the sender’s email address or message source.

2. Avoid Clicking Suspicious Links:

o Hover over links to check their authenticity before clicking.

3. Use Security Software:

o Install antivirus and anti-phishing tools to protect against scams.

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 4. Enable Two-Factor Authentication (2FA):
o Adds an extra layer of security to your accounts.

5. Report Suspicious Activity:

o Report phishing emails or websites to concerned authorities.

6. Stay Educated:
o Learn about the latest phishing techniques and scams.

Conclusion:
By staying vigilant, verifying information, and using security tools, users can protect themselves from
phishing attempts and online fraud.

4. Comment on the key ways in which social networking platforms have revolutionized
communication and connectivity in the digital age. Deduce the positive impacts of
these changes on society.
Answer:
Social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn have revolutionized
communication and connectivity in the digital age.

Key Ways Social Networking Has Revolutionized Communication:

1. Instant Communication: o Social platforms allow instant messaging, video calls, and real-

time updates.

2. Global Connectivity:

o People can connect across geographical barriers, fostering global relationships.

3. Information Sharing:

o Sharing knowledge, news, and updates has become faster and more accessible.

4. Collaboration Opportunities:

o Social platforms enable teams to collaborate on projects and share ideas.

Positive Impacts of Social Networking on Society:

1. Improved Communication: o Families, friends, and businesses can stay connected

regardless of location.

2. Educational Benefits:

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 o Online study groups, webinars, and platforms like LinkedIn Learning improve learning
opportunities.

3. Business Growth:

o Businesses use social media for marketing, customer engagement, and product
promotion.

4. Social Awareness:

o Social networking helps spread awareness about social causes, environmental issues,
and global crises.

5. Job Opportunities:
o Platforms like LinkedIn connect employers with job seekers, improving career growth.

Example:
During the COVID-19 pandemic, platforms like Zoom and social media kept people connected for work,
education, and social interactions.

Conclusion:
Social networking has revolutionized how we communicate and connect, offering significant benefits to
education, business, and global awareness.

5. Describe the risks associated with online gaming and social networking for children.
Answer:

Risks Associated with Online Gaming:

1. Addiction:

o Excessive gaming can interfere with studies, sleep, and physical health.

2. Exposure to Inappropriate Content:

o Online games may expose children to violence, profanity, or adult content.

3. Cyberbullying:
o Children may face harassment or bullying from other players.

4. Financial Loss:

o In-game purchases or scams can result in unintentional spending.

Risks Associated with Social Networking:

1. Privacy Issues: o Children may unknowingly share personal information that

can be misused.

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 2. Cyberbullying:

o Social platforms can become spaces for harmful bullying.

3. Exposure to Fake News: o Children may come across fake news or

misleading information.

4. Mental Health Effects:

o Comparing themselves to others online may cause anxiety, depression, and low
selfesteem.

Preventive Measures:

1. Parents must monitor children's online activities.

2. Set screen time limits to balance digital and real-life activities.

3. Use parental control software for gaming and social platforms.

4. Educate children about safe online behavior and the risks of sharing personal information.

Conclusion:
While online gaming and social networking provide entertainment and learning, the risks for children
can be significant if not managed properly.

Extra Short Questions (Topic Wise)

6.1 Safe and Responsible Use of Computer

Q1: Why is it important to use computers responsibly?

Answer:
Using computers responsibly ensures:

1. Protection of personal data.

2. Prevention of hardware or software misuse.

3. Avoidance of security breaches or cyberattacks.

4. Efficient and ethical use of digital resources.

Q2: What are the guidelines for safe computer usage?

Answer:

1. Use strong passwords for accounts.

2. Keep antivirus software updated.

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 3. Avoid downloading from untrusted websites.

4. Log out after using shared computers.

Q3: How can computer hardware be protected physically?

Answer:

1. Keep hardware in dry and clean environments.

2. Use surge protectors to prevent power damage.

3. Avoid physical mishandling of devices.

4. Regularly clean hardware to prevent dust accumulation.

Q4: What are the consequences of irresponsible computer use?

Answer:

1. Hardware damage.

2. Loss or theft of sensitive data.

3. Spread of malware or viruses.

4. Violation of laws related to digital usage.

6.2 Responsible Use of Hardware and Software Q1:

What does responsible use of software mean?

Answer:
Responsible software use involves:

1. Using licensed and legal software.

2. Following the software's End-User License Agreement (EULA).

3. Avoiding piracy and illegal distribution.

4. Regularly updating software for security fixes.

Q2: Why should pirated software be avoided?

Answer:
Pirated software should be avoided because:

1. It can contain viruses and malware.

2. It violates copyright laws, leading to legal penalties.

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 3. No customer support is available.

4. It affects software developers’ revenue.

Q3: How can hardware be used responsibly?

Answer:

1. Use energy-efficient devices to save power.

2. Avoid excessive hardware use to prevent overheating.

3. Recycle or properly dispose of old hardware.

4. Maintain hardware through regular servicing.

Q4: What is the impact of software misuse?

Answer:
Software misuse can result in:

1. Security breaches.

2. System crashes and data loss.

3. Financial and legal penalties.

4. Reduced software performance and productivity.

6.3 Safe Use of Digital Platforms

Q1: How can you stay safe on digital platforms?

Answer:

1. Use strong and unique passwords.

2. Enable two-factor authentication (2FA).

3. Avoid clicking on suspicious links or ads.

4. Limit sharing personal information online.

Q2: What are some common digital security threats?

Answer:

1. Phishing: Fraudulent attempts to steal user information.

2. Malware: Harmful software designed to damage systems.

3. Identity Theft: Unauthorized use of personal data.

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 4. Hacking: Unlawful access to digital accounts or systems.

Q3: Why is privacy important on digital platforms?

Answer:
Privacy ensures:

1. Protection of sensitive personal data.

2. Prevention of identity theft.

3. Avoidance of targeted scams or cyberstalking.

4. A safer and more trustworthy digital experience.

Q4: What measures can prevent online scams?

Answer:

1. Verify the authenticity of websites and emails.

2. Avoid sharing sensitive details online.

3. Use antivirus and anti-malware software.

4. Report scams or suspicious activities immediately.

6.4 Laws to Protect User Privacy and Intellectual Property

Q1: What is intellectual property?

Answer:
Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary works, designs, and
software.

Q2: What laws protect intellectual property?

Answer:

1. Copyright: Protects literary, artistic, and software creations.

2. Patents: Safeguards inventions and technological processes.

3. Trademarks: Protects brand names, logos, and symbols.

4. Trade Secrets: Protects confidential business information.

Q3: How can user privacy be protected online?

Answer:

1. Use encryption tools to secure communications.

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 2. Enable privacy settings on digital platforms.

3. Avoid sharing unnecessary personal data.

4. Follow data protection laws like GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation).

Q4: Why are intellectual property laws important?

Answer: They:

1. Protect creators' rights and efforts.

2. Encourage innovation and creativity.

3. Prevent unauthorized use of content.

4. Ensure fair competition in the market.

6.5 Computing Innovation

Q1: What is computing innovation?

Answer:
Computing innovation involves creating new or improved technologies to solve problems or enhance
existing processes.

Q2: Provide examples of computing innovations.

Answer:

1. Artificial Intelligence (AI).

2. Cloud Computing.

3. Internet of Things (IoT).

4. Quantum Computing.

Q3: How has computing innovation improved communication?

Answer:

1. Instant messaging tools like WhatsApp.

2. Video conferencing tools like Zoom and Google Meet.

3. Social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter.

4. Email services for professional and personal communication.

Q4: What are the benefits of computing innovations?

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Answer:

1. Increased efficiency and productivity.

2. Enhanced communication and collaboration.

3. Solutions to complex problems (e.g., AI in medicine).

4. Faster data processing and storage (e.g., cloud computing).

6.6 Malicious Software and Key Concepts

Q1: What is malware?

Answer:
Malware (malicious software) is software designed to harm or exploit systems.

Q2: What are the main types of malware?

Answer:
1. Viruses: Infect and damage files.

2. Worms: Spread across networks.

3. Trojan Horses: Disguise as useful software to install malware.

4. Spyware: Monitors user activity and steals information.

Q3: How can malware be prevented?

Answer:

1. Use updated antivirus software.

2. Avoid downloading files from unknown sources.

3. Enable firewalls for network security.

4. Keep operating systems and software updated.

Q4: Why is malicious software dangerous?

Answer:
Malicious software:

1. Corrupts files and damages systems.

2. Steals personal and financial information.

3. Spreads across networks, affecting multiple users.

4. Reduces system performance and stability.

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 Extra Long Questions (Topic Wise)

1. Discuss the precautions that need to be taken to ensure the safe and responsible use of
computers.
Answer:
The responsible use of computers is essential to ensure the safety of data, hardware, and the user’s
privacy. Below are some key precautions that need to be taken:

1. Safe Usage of Hardware:

1. Avoid Overheating: Ensure proper ventilation to prevent damage due to excessive heat. Use
cooling systems like fans and cooling pads.

2. Regular Maintenance: Clean computer hardware to prevent dust accumulation, which can
affect performance.

3. Power Protection: Use surge protectors or UPS systems to prevent power surges and data loss.

4. Physical Security: Lock computers in secure areas to prevent theft or tampering.

2. Safe Usage of Software:

1. Use Licensed Software: Always use authentic software to avoid malware and piracy issues.

2. Update Software Regularly: Keep software and operating systems updated to fix bugs and
security vulnerabilities.

3. Install Security Tools: Use firewalls and antivirus software to protect against viruses, spyware,
and other malicious software.

3. Responsible Internet Usage:

1. Strong Passwords: Use complex and unique passwords for all accounts.

2. Avoid Suspicious Links: Do not click on unknown links, pop-ups, or attachments.

3. Privacy Management: Be cautious about sharing personal information online and enable
privacy settings.

4. Ethical Use of Computers:

1. Avoid using computers for unethical purposes such as hacking, piracy, or spreading
misinformation.

2. Follow digital etiquette when communicating online.

3. Promote responsible digital citizenship and avoid cyberbullying.

Conclusion:

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Taking these precautions ensures that computers are used efficiently and safely while protecting both
the user and the digital environment.

2. Explain the key concepts of malicious software (malware), its types, and how it can be
prevented.
Answer:
Malicious software, or malware, refers to software created to harm systems, steal information, or
disrupt normal operations. It poses a significant risk to individual users and organizations.

Types of Malicious Software:

1. Virus:

o A program that attaches itself to files and spreads when the file is opened.

o Example: File-infecting viruses like Melissa.

2. Worm:

o A self-replicating program that spreads across networks without needing human

intervention.

o Example: SQL Slammer Worm.

3. Trojan Horse:
o A malicious program disguised as legitimate software to deceive users.

o Example: Fake software updates containing malware.

4. Spyware:
o Software that secretly monitors user activities and collects sensitive data.

o Example: Keyloggers that record keystrokes.

5. Ransomware:
o Encrypts user data and demands payment to restore access.

o Example: WannaCry ransomware.

How to Prevent Malware:

1. Install Antivirus Software: Use trusted antivirus programs to detect and remove malware.

2. Regular Updates: Update operating systems, browsers, and security software regularly.

3. Avoid Unknown Sources: Download software only from official and trusted websites.

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 4. Use Firewalls: Enable firewalls to monitor incoming and outgoing traffic.

5. Phishing Awareness: Avoid clicking on suspicious emails, links, or attachments.

6. Backup Data: Regularly back up important data to recover it in case of an attack.

Conclusion:
Malware is a major digital threat that can disrupt systems and steal sensitive data. Users can protect
themselves by using updated security tools and practicing safe online behavior.

3. Comment on the impacts of social networking on today’s society, including its benefits
and risks.
Answer:
Social networking platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have revolutionized communication
and connectivity. While they offer many benefits, they also pose several risks to society.

Benefits of Social Networking:

1. Improved Communication:

o Social media enables instant communication across the globe, keeping people
connected.

2. Education and Learning:

o Platforms provide access to study materials, webinars, and online communities.

o Example: YouTube tutorials, LinkedIn Learning.

3. Business Growth:

o Businesses use social media for marketing, customer engagement, and promotions.

o Example: Small businesses reaching customers via Instagram.

4. Awareness and Activism: o Social media spreads awareness about social, political, and

environmental causes.

5. Networking Opportunities:
o Professional platforms like LinkedIn help users find job opportunities and build
connections.

Risks of Social Networking:

1. Privacy Issues: o Personal data can be misused if privacy settings are not managed

properly.

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 2. Cyberbullying: o Online harassment affects mental health, especially in teenagers.

3. Addiction:

o Excessive use of social media can reduce productivity and lead to mental health issues.

4. Fake News:

o Misinformation spreads quickly on social media, leading to confusion and panic.

5. Mental Health Problems:

o Comparing oneself to others on social media can cause anxiety, depression, and low
self-esteem.

Conclusion:
Social networking has transformed society with its positive impacts on communication, education, and
business. However, addressing the risks of privacy, misinformation, and mental health is essential for
responsible usage.

4. Analyze the role of computing in improving education, along with its challenges.
Answer:
Computing has played a transformative role in education by making learning more accessible, efficient,
and personalized.

Role of Computing in Education:

1. Access to Information:

o The internet allows students to access unlimited resources, e-books, and research
papers.

o Example: Online libraries and platforms like Google Scholar.

2. E-Learning Platforms:

o Online education platforms like Coursera, Khan Academy, and Zoom enable remote
learning.

3. Interactive Learning:

o Digital tools like animations, videos, and virtual labs make learning more engaging.

o Example: Simulations for physics experiments.

4. Personalized Learning: o AI-based systems adapt to the learning pace and style of

individual students.

5. Administrative Efficiency:

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 o Computing streamlines administrative tasks like grading, attendance, and fee
management.

Challenges in Using Computing for Education:

1. Digital Divide:

o Unequal access to technology creates educational inequalities.

2. Distraction: o Students may get distracted by social media or gaming

platforms.

3. Technical Issues:

o Poor internet connectivity and outdated devices hinder learning.

4. Lack of Personal Interaction:

o Online learning reduces face-to-face interaction between students and teachers.

5. Security Risks:
o Online platforms are vulnerable to hacking and data breaches.

Conclusion:
Computing has significantly improved education by making it more interactive, accessible, and efficient.
However, addressing challenges like the digital divide and distractions is crucial for its effective
implementation.

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