4

i
-1+ 3& -1- 3& x^2 y ^2
^2=&-1 i 025 x=&
2
y=&
2 y
+
x
i ^2 ^3 ^4 … i &-1 &- 1

#
$# $#
i & -1 , 1 .
-1+ 3& -1- 3& -2
^2=&-1 ^4=1 x&+y=& +& =& =&-1
2 2 2
i . " !"
-1+ 3& -1- 3& 1-3 ~^2
$#
xy= \& = =1
$#
^2 ^3 ^4 …
!#
2 2 4
       

-1 &- 1 &-1 &- 1 x^2 y ^2 x^3&+y^3 (x+y)^3&-3xy(x+y)

+ = =
y x xy xy
(-1)^3&-3 1 (-1)
= =2
1
i 4
27
026 x=2&+i y=2&-i~ /+/
x
( ) 4 i -1 - 1 4 0
&+ ^2&+ ^3&+ ^4=0 &+ &+ ^2&+ ^3=0
1 1 1
/&+
1 + + =0 ^3&+ ^2&+ &+1=0
^2 ^3 ^4
027 x=1+2i x^3&-x^2&+4x+4

( )
^4 ^3 x x x
x
( ^4)^2& =i ^4 & ^3=1 ^3=&-i
x=1+2i x&-1=2i x^2&-2x&+1=&-4
i `x^2=2x&-5 ……
x x^3=2x^2&-5x
019
1- x^3=2(2x&-5)&-5x=&-x&-10 ……
(1- )^2 Ñ
i 2
x^3&-x^2&+4x&+4=(&-x&-10)&-(2x&-5)&+4x&+4
=x&-1=(1&+2 )&-1=2i
^2=-1
27
1-2 -1
=
i
=&-2 028 x=1&-i x^3&-x^2&+3x&-1
1- & 1-2 -1
= = =(- ) = & =(& ^4) ^2& & ^2=-1
2 2

27
020 -
& 1a~ i~ ^2=&-1
(1+ )^2 1- 1+ x=a+bi (a b )
Ñ & + &
i 2 2

1 83 1 85

039 042
a+b+c=2 a^2&+b^2&+c^2=6 a^3&+b^3&+c^3=8
(2x-3)^3=8x^3-36x^2+54x-27 abc
(5x-y)(25x^2+5xy+y^2)=125x^3-y^3 ( )

(x+y-3z)(x^2+y^2+9z^2-xy+3yz+3zx)
=x^3+y^3-27z^3+9xyz
(4x-y+2z)^2
=16x^2+y^2+4z^2-8xy-4yz+16xz
(x^2+3xy+9y^2)(x^2-3xy+9y^2)
=x^4+18x^2y^2+81y^4
043
6 cm
32 cm P
& = ( -1)( -2) … ( - +1)= `( 0 )
(n-r)!
P
& = ( -1)( -2) … 3 2 1= !
P
& =1 0!=1

:( )
6`cm
( )
040 :( )
a+b=6 1
a+1
/ b=3
/ a+a
/
b b
/ ( )
:( )-( )
:

& P
C
& = = `( 0 )
r! r!(n-r)!
044
041 x^2-4x-1=0
C
& =1 C
& =1 C
& =

a+b+c=4 a^2&+b^2&+c^2=10 abc=-9 C

& = &C ( 0 )
3 1 C
& = &C &+ C
& `( 1 -1)
1 x^3-3x^2+5x-5
x-
/ -
+1
b+1
/ c
/ x^2 x^3
a

p q ( + + = ) 3
p q C
& & &C & C
&
1
p q m C
& & &C & C
& &

( ) !

28 1 253

풍산자 1 009 032 1 1. .indd 28 2024. 4. 4. 오 6:13

1
6

STEP 1 048 051 STEP 2

x^4&-3x^2&-2x&+6 f(x) x^2 y^2
x+y= 2 xy=-2 +
045 y x 054
x^2&+x&-2 & -4x&+6
A B -5 2 -4 2 -3 2 a= 3
f(x)
2A+B=3x^2+5xy-2y^2 A-B=7xy-4y^2 -2 2 - 2 (7+4a)^3-(7-4a)^3 ^2- (7+4a)^3+(7-4a)^3 ^2
x^2&-3x&+2 x^2&-2x
A-2(X-B)=9A
x^2&+x x^2&-x
X
x^2&-x&+1

052
a b a^2=9&-4 5 b^2=9&+4 5
a&+b
055
049
046 (x-7)(x-4)(x-2)(x+1)
a&-b=5 b&-c=4
(x&-3)^3(2x&+1)^2 x^3 a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab&-bc&-c&a
x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx-56 a~b~c
a+b-c

053
146
^2+ ^2+ ^2=158

A D
050 056
047 1 1 1 1 B C
1+1
/ 1+ 1+ 1+ = - a+b+c=6 a^2+b^2+c^2=20 1
/
a+1
/
b+1
/
c=4
(x^2&-x&+2)^3 2^2 2^4 2 2 E H
n + a^3+b^3+c^3
F G

30 1 31
1 12

2 21

1 34

2 43

1 57
1 76

2 87

3 97

1 107

2 117

3 126

1 138

2 153

1 173

2 178

3 189
1 220

2 229

3 240

1 260

2 265

3 273
x
 2x +5
x-1 & 2x^2 + 3x + m4 u
2x^2 - 2x (a+b)^3
5x + 4 =a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3
5x - 5
9
 x x x x

:
2x^3 3x^2&+4x+5
: _
:
:

:
2x^3&+3x^2&+4x+5x+ 6
: ] ] ] ] ]

3x^2&y x^2&y 3 y 3x^2

2a^2&+3a^2=5a^2 6xy&-4xy=2xy

5x^3&+3x^2&y^2&+2xy^2&-3y^4&+2x-1
x y
x^2 y

x 5x^3
y -3y^4
x 3x^2&y^2 x^2 3y^2
y 5x^3&+2x-1

12
 2

:
:

4x^3&+3x^2&+2x+1 x 1+2x+3x^2&+4x^3 x

001 x^2&y^2&+2x^2&+3xy+4y^2&-5x-6y+7
x
x
y
y

x ( )x^2&+( )x+( )
x ( )+( )x+( )x^2

=(x^2&y^2&+2x^2)+(3xy-5x)+(4y^2&-6y+7)
=(y^2&+2)x^2&+(3y-5)x+(4y^2&-6y+7)
=(4y^2&-6y&+7)&+(3xy&-5x)&+(x^2&y^2&+2x^2)
=(4y^2&-6y&+7)&+(3y&-5)x&+(y^2&+2)x^2
=(x^2&y^2&+4y^2)&+(3xy&-6y)&+(2x^2&-5x&+7)
=(x^2&+4)y^2&+(3x&-6)y&+(2x^2&-5x&+7)
=(2x^2&-5x+7)+(3xy-6y)+(x^2&y^2&+4y^2)
=(2x^2&-5x+7)+(3x-6)y+(x^2&+4)y^2

2
002 ax^2&+bxy+cy^2&+ x+ y+ `
x
y

1 13
 -

+ A+(B-C)=A+B-C
- A-(B-C)=A-B+C

A B C
: A+B=B+A
: (A+B)+C=A+(B+C)

(A+B)+C A+(B+C) A+B+C

5+9=9+5 (5x+4)+(9x-2)=(9x-2)+(5x+4)

(2+3)+4=2+(3+4) {(x+1)+3x}+(x+2)=(x+1)+{3x+(x+2)}

A=x^2+2y^2 B=2x^2+xy C=x^2+3xy+y^2

A+(B+C) A-(B+C)

A+(B+C)
=x^2+2y^2+(2x^2+xy+x^2+3xy+y^2)
=x^2+2y^2+2x^2+xy+x^2+3xy+y^2
=x^2+2x^2+x^2+xy+3xy+2y^2+y^2
=4x^2+4xy+3y^2
A-(B+C)
=x^2+2y^2-(2x^2+xy+x^2+3xy+y^2)
=x^2+2y^2-2x^2-xy-x^2-3xy-y^2
=x^2-2x^2-x^2-xy-3xy+2y^2-y^2
=-2x^2-4xy+y^2

14
003 A=x^2-xy-2y^2 B=x^2-xy C=-4x^2+2xy+7y^2
A-{B+C-2(A+C)}

A B
!

A-{B+C-2(A+C)}=A-(B+C-2A-2C)
=A-(-2A+B-C)
=A+2A-B+C
=3A-B+C
A B C
=3(x^2-xy-2y^2)-(x^2-xy)+(-4x^2+2xy+7y^2)
=3x^2-3xy-6y^2-x^2+xy-4x^2+2xy+7y^2
=-2x^2+y^2

2
004 A=x^3-2x^2+2x+1 B=2x^3-3x^2-4x C=x^3+2x^2-3
2A-{B-(A-C)}

005 A=x^2-3xy+2y^2 B=3x^2-4xy+6y^2 4A+3X=X+2B

X

X A B A B

4A+3X=X+2B X A B
3X-X=-4A+2B 2X=-4A+2B X=-2A+B
A B
X=-2(x^2-3xy+2y^2)+(3x^2-4xy+6y^2)
=-2x^2+6xy-4y^2+3x^2-4xy+6y^2
=x^2+2xy+2y^2

2
006 A=3x^2-xy+1 B=x^2+2xy+1 2A-X=X-2B
X

1 15
 a b m n
a & a =a (a ) =a (ab) =a &b
a &(
a a
b =
/
a ( b 0) a & a= =k 1 (& = a 0)
b a
1
& (m<n
a

(a+b)= &a+ b

(a+b)(c+ )=ac+a +bc+b

(2a)^3=2^3& a^3=8a^3 (2a)^3=6a^3

1 1
a^4 a^2=a^4& =a^2 A B A
a^2 B
(-a)^3& (-a)^2=(-a^3) a^2=-a = =

A B C
: AB=BA
: (AB)C=A(BC)
: A(B+C)=AB+AC (A+B)C=AC+BC

(AB)C A(BC) ABC

a^2&b
-1
/&x^2 & -1
/&x^4 -/ (-2ab^2)^3 (2ab)^3& -
4

x^2
( )= -1
/&x /&x
1
36
36
= -1
/&x /&x &
1 =-1
2&x^1^2
/
x^2
a^4&b^2
( )=(-8a^3&b ) 8a^3&b^3& &
16
1 a^4&b^2
=(-8a^3&b ) =-1
1
/
6&a^4&b^5
8a^3&b^3 16

16
007
3ab(a^3&-2a^2&b^2&-3b^3) (x-3)(2x^2&-3x+4)

[ (a+b)= &a+ b (a+b)(c+ )=ac+a +bc+b

=3ab a^3&-3ab 2a^2&b^2&-3ab 3b^3

=3a^4&b-6a^3&b^3&-9ab^4
=x(2x^2&-3x+4)-3(2x^2&-3x+4)
=2x^3&-3x^2&+4x-6x^2&+9x-12
=2x^3&-9x^2&+13x-12

2
008
a^2&b(a^2&+3ab-b^2) (2x+4)(3x^2&-2x-1)

009 (x^3+4x^2+2x-1)(5x^3-3x^2+8x+7) x^4

x^4 3
(x^3+4x^2+2x-1)(5x^3-3x^2+8x+7)
10x^4
-12x^4
8x^4
x^4 10+(-12)+8=6

2
010 (2x^4-5x^2-x+6)(x^3+3x^2+4x-2) x^3

1 17
 4 Q
5 23 B A
20 BQ
3 R
23=5 4+3 A=BQ+R

A B (B 0) Q R
A=BQ+R (R <(B
R=0 A B

n R (n-1)
ax+b (a b
ax^2&+bx+c (a, b, c ) .

÷
A/B B .

÷
1 1 1
(6x^2+3x) 3x=(6x^2+3x) =6x^2 +3x =2x+1
3x 3x 3x

÷
B .
.
(2x^2&+3x-6) (x-1) .

2x + 5
x-1& 2x^2& + 3x - 6
2x^2& - 2x (x-1) 2x
5x - 6
5x - 5 (x-1) 5
-1

` : 2x+5 : -1

18
 ( )÷( )

011
(2x^3&-4x^2&+6x) 2x (4a^2&b^2&-3ab-3ab^2) /
1&ab

(a+b+c) =(a+b+c) /=a

&1 /+&b
/+&/

2x^3 4x^2
=(2x^3&-4x^2&+6x) & x= - + x=x^2&-2x+3
2x 2x
8a^2&b^2 6ab^2
=(4a^2&b^2&-3ab-3ab^2) &a
b= -a
ab- =8ab-6-6b
ab ab

2
012
(10a^2&b-15ab^2) 5ab x^2&-2xy-/ -/

( )÷( )

013
(2x^3&+6x+4) (x^2&+x+1) (2x^3&-2x^2&+3x-1) (x^2&+1)

.
0 .

2x - 2 2x - 2
x^2&+x+1& 2x^3& + 0 x^2& + 6x+4 x^2&+0 x+1& 2x^3& - 2x^2& + 3x-1
2x^3& + 2x^2& + 2x 2x^3& + 0 x^2+ 2x
- 2x^2& + 4x+4 - 2x^2& + x-1
- 2x^2& - 2x-2 - 2x^2& - 0 x-2
6x+6 x+1
` 2x-2 6x+6 ` 2x-2 x+1

2
014
(3x^3&-5x^2&+5) (x^2&-2x+5) (x^3&+2x^2&+2x+2) (x^2&+2)

1 19
 3

015 018
(12x^2&-9xy) (-3x)-(8y^2&-8xy) 2y
A=3x^2+5xy-y^2 B=-x^2+2xy+4y^2
3A-X=2(A+B)
X

019
3x^3&+5x^2&+2 x^2&-a
a b c
016 a+b+c+ +
(2+x-4x^2+6x^3+x^4)^2 x^3 bx +c
x^2&-a& 3x^3& +5x^2& +2
3x^3& - 3x
5x^2& + 3x +2
cx^2& -ac
x+

017
(x^3&+ax-3)(x^2&+bx+3) x^2&
x^3 0 020
a b a-b (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)(x+5)(x+6)
x

20
 (a+b)^2=a^2&+2ab+b^2 (a-b)^2=a^2&-2ab+b^2
(a+b)(a-b)=a^2&-b^2
(x+a)(x+b)=x^2&+(a+b)x+ab
(ax+b)(cx+ )=acx^2&+(a +bc)x+b

(x+a)(x+b)(x+c)=x^3&+(a+b+c)x^2&+(ab+bc+c&a)x+abc
(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)=x^3&-(a+b+c)x^2&+(ab+bc+c&a)x-abc
(a+b+c)^2=a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+2ab+2bc+2c&a
(a+b)^3=a^3&+3a^2&b+3ab^2&+b^3 (a-b)^3=a^3&-3a^2&b+3ab^2&-b^3
(a+b)(a^2&-ab+b^2)=a^3&+b^3 (a-b)(a^2&+ab+b^2)=a^3&-b^3
(a+b+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab-bc-c&a)=a^3&+b^3&+c^3&-3abc
(a^2&+ab+b^2)(a^2&-ab+b^2)=a^4&+a^2&b^2&+b^4

(x+a)(x+b)(x+c)= (x&+a)(x+b) (x+c)= x^2&+(a+b)x+ab (x+c)

=x^3&+(a+b)x^2&+abx+cx^2&+(a+b)cx+abc
=x^3&+(a+b+c)x^2&+(ab+bc+c&a)x+abc
(a+b+c)^2= (a+b)+c ^2=(a+b)^2&+2(a+b)c+c^2
=a^2&+2ab+b^2&+2ac+2bc+c^2
=a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+2ab+2bc+2c&a
(a+b)^3=(a+b)(a+b)^2=(a+b)(a^2&+2ab+b^2)
=a^3&+2a^2&b+ab^2+a^2b+2ab^2+b^3
=a^3&+3a^2&b+3ab^2&+b^3
(a+b)(a^2&-ab+b^2)=a(a^2&-a&b+b^2)&+&b(a^2-ab+b^2)
=a^3&-a^2&b+ab^2&+a^2&b-ab^2&+b^3
=a^3&+b^3

(x-1)(x &+x ^2&+x ^3&+ … +x^2&+x+1)=x &-1 n

1 21
 021
(x-1)(x-2)(x-3) (x-y+z)^2
(x-2)^3 (x+2)(x^2&-2x+4)
(x+y+1)(x^2&+y^2&-xy-x-y+1) (x^2&+3x+9)(x^2&-3x+9)

=x^3&-(1+2+3)x^2&+(1 2+2 3+3 1)x-1 2 3

=x^3&-6x^2&+11x-6
=x^2&+(-y)^2&+z^2&+2 x (-y)+2 (-y) z+2 z x
=x^2&+y^2&+z^2&-2xy-2yz+2zx
=x^3&-3 x^2 2+3 x 2^2&-2^3
=x^3&-6x^2&+12x-8
=(x+2)(x^2&-2x+2^2)
=x^3&+2^3
=x^3&+8
=(x+y+1)(x^2&+y^2&+1^2&-x y-y 1-1 x)
=x^3&+y^3&+1^3&-3 x y 1
=x^3&+y^3&-3xy+1
=(x^2&+3x+3^2)(x^2&-3x+3^2) ]
=x^4&+3^2 x^2&+3^4
=x^4&+9x^2&+81

= (x^2&+9)+3x (x^2&+9)-3x
=(x^2&+9)^2&-(3x)^2
=(x^2)^2&+18x^2&+81-9x^2
=x^4&+9x^2&+81

4
022
(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)
(a-b-c)^2
(x+1)^3
(x-3)(x^2&+3x+9)
(a+b+2)(a^2&+b^2&-ab-2a-2b+4)
(x^2&+x+1)(x^2&-x+1)

22
023
(x^2&+5x-2)(x^2&+5x+4) (x+1)(x+2)(x-3)(x-4)

( )( )( )( )

x^2&+5x=
=( -2)( +4)= ^2&+2 -8=(x^2&+5x)^2&+2(x^2&+5x)-8
=x^4&+10x^3&+25x^2&+2x^2&+10x-8=x^4&+10x^3&+27x^2&+10x-8

={(x+1)(x-3)}{(x+2)(x-4)}
=(x^2&-2x-3)(x^2&-2x-8) -4 -3 1 2
x^2&-2x=
=( -3)( -8)= ^2&-11 +24
=(x^2&-2x)^2&-11(x^2&-2x)+24
=x^4&-4x^3&+4x^2&-11x^2&+22x+24
=x^4&-4x^3&-7x^2&+22x+24

4
024
(x^2&+3x+1)(x^2&+3x-2) (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)

025 (a-1)(a+1)(a^2&+1)(a^4&+1)

(a-b)(a+b)=a^2&-b^2 .

=(a^2&-1)(a^2&+1)(a^4&+1)=(a^4&-1)(a^4&+1)=a^8&-1

4
026 9 11 101 10001=10 &-1 a

1 23
 2
a^2&+b^2=(a+b)^2&-2ab
a^2&+b^2=(a-b)^2&+2ab
(a+b)^2=(a-b)^2&+4ab
(a-b)^2=(a+b)^2&-4ab
a^3&+b^3=(a+b)^3&-3ab(a+b)
a^3&-b^3=(a-b)^3&+3ab(a-b)
3
a^2&+b^2&+c^2=(a+b+c)^2&-2(ab+bc+c&a)
a^3&+b^3&+c^3=(a+b+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab-bc-c&a)+3abc

b &a
a^2&+b^2 +
a& b

(a+b)^2=a^2&+2ab+b^2 2ab
a^2&+b^2=(a+b)^2&-2ab
(a-b)^2=a^2&+b^2&-2ab -2ab
a^2&+b^2=(a-b)^2&+2ab
(a+b)^3=a^3&+3a^2&b+3ab^2&+b^3 3a^2&b 3ab^2
a^3&+b^3=(a+b)^3&-3a^2b-3ab^2=(a+b)^3-3ab(a+b)
(a-b)^3=a^3&-3a^2&b+3ab^2&-b^3 -3a^2&b 3ab^2
a^3&-b^3=(a-b)^3+3a^2b-3ab^2=(a-b)^3&+3ab(a-b)
(a+b+c)^2=a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+2ab+2bc+2c&a 2ab 2bc 2c&a
a^2&+b^2&+c^2=(a+b+c)^2&-2ab-2ba-2ca=(a+b+c)^2&-2(ab+bc+c&a)
(a-b)^2=(a+b)^2&-4ab a-b = ( ^2

a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab-bc-c&a=1
/(2a^2&+2b^2&+2c^2&-2ab-2bc-2c&a)

=1
/ (a^2&-2ab+b^2)+(b^2&-2bc+c^2)+(c^2&-2c&a+a^2)

=1
/ (a-b)^2&+(b-c)^2&+(c-a)^2

a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+ab+bc+c&a=1
/ (a+b)^2&+(b+c)^2&+(c+a)^2

24
 2 `

027 a+b=3 ab=-2

a^2 b^2
a^2&+ab+b^2 +
b a
a^4&+b^4 a-b ( a b)

2 !

=(a^2&+b^2)+ab= (a+b)^2&-2ab +ab

=(a+b)^2&-ab=3^2&-(-2)=11
a^3&+b^3 (a+b)^3&-3ab(a+b)
= =
ab ab
3^3&-3 (-2) 3
= =-4
2
/
5
-2
a^2&+b^2=(a+b)^2&-2ab=3^2&-2 (-2)=13
=(a^2)^2&+(b^2)^2=(a^2&+b^2)^2&-2a^2&b^2
=13^2&-2 (-2)^2=161
(a-b)^2=(a+b)^2&-4ab=3^2&-4 (-2)=17
`a-b=117q~ ( `a b)

4
028 a+b=2 ab=-1
a^2&+b^2 a^3&+b^3
a^4&+b^4 a-b ( a b)

2 `

029 a+b=1 a^3&+b^3=10 a^2&+b^2

a+b a^3&+b^3

a^3&+b^3=(a+b)^3&-3ab(a+b)
10=1^3&-3ab
3ab=-9 `ab=-3
`a^2&+b^2=(a+b)^2&-2ab=1^2&-2 (-3)=7

5
030 a+b=2 a^2&+b^2=8 a^3&+b^3

1 25
 3 `

031 a+b+c=4 ab+bc+c&a=2 abc=-1

a^2&+b^2&+c^2 a^3&+b^3&+c^3 a^2&b^2&+b^2&c^2&+c^2&a^2

3 !

a^2&+b^2&+c^2=(a+b+c)^2&-2(ab+bc+c&a)=4^2&-2 2=12
a^2+b^2+c^2=12
a^3&+b^3&+c^3=(a+b+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab-bc-c&a)+3abc
=4 (12-2)+3 (-1)=37
a^2&b^2&+b^2&c^2&+c^2&a^2=(ab)^2&+(bc)^2&+(c&a)^2
=(ab+bc+c&a)^2&-2(ab^2&c+bc^2&a+c&a^2&b)
=(ab+bc+c&a)^2&-2abc(a+b+c)
=2^2&-2 (-1) 4=12

5
032 a+b+c=3 ab+bc+c&a=-1 abc=-3
a^2&+b^2&+c^2 a^3&+b^3&+c^3 a^2&b^2&+b^2&c^2&+c^2&a^2

033 a+b+c=1 a^2&+b^2&+c^2=9 abc=-4 a^3&+b^3&+c^3

a+b+c a^2&+b^2&+c^2 a^2&+b^2&+c^2=(a+b+c)^2&-2(ab+bc+c&a)

abc a^3&+b^3&+c^3=(a+b+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab-bc-c&a)+3abc

a^2&+b^2&+c^2=(a+b+c)^2&-2(ab+bc+c&a)
9=1^2&-2(ab+bc+c&a)
2(ab+bc+c&a)=-8 `ab+bc+c&a=-4
a^3&+b^3&+c^3=(a+b+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab-bc-c&a)+3abc
=1 9-(-4) +3 (-4)=1

5
034 a+b+c=4 a^2&+b^2&+c^2=6 abc=2

a+1
/
1 b+1
/ c
/ a^3&+b^3&+c^3

26
035 x+1
x=3
/ ( 0 x 1)

1 1
x^2&+ x^3&+ x-1
x
/
x^2 x^3

1 2

= x+1
x &-2
/ x /
x
1=3^2&-2=7

= x+1
x &-3
/ x /
x
1 & x+1
x =3^3&-3
/ 3=18

1 1
x^2&+ =7 x-1
x =x^2&+
/ -2 x x=7-2=5
/
1
x^2& x^2&
0 x 1 x-1
x
/ 0 `x-1
x=-rt5
/

5
1 1
036 x^2&+ =3
x^2
x^3&+
x^3
( x 0)

037
64 40

a b c
40
4(a+b+c)=40 `a+b+c=10
64 2(ab+bc+c&a)=64 `ab+bc+c&a=32

2a^2&+b^2&x+c^2x= ( ^2 w= 1 ^2 3x2w= 3 =6

5
038 22 24 ,
.

1 27
 5

039 042
a+b+c=2 a^2&+b^2&+c^2=6 a^3&+b^3&+c^3=8
(2x-3)^3=8x^3-36x^2+54x-27 abc
(5x-y)(25x^2+5xy+y^2)=125x^3-y^3
(x+y-3z)(x^2+y^2+9z^2-xy+3yz+3zx)
=x^3+y^3-27z^3+9xyz
(4x-y+2z)^2
=16x^2+y^2+4z^2-8xy-4yz+16xz
(x^2+3xy+9y^2)(x^2-3xy+9y^2)
=x^4+18x^2y^2+81y^4
043
6 cm
32 cm

6`cm

040
a+b=6 1
a+1
/ b=3
/ a+a
/
b b
/

044
041 x^2-4x-1=0
a+b+c=4 a^2&+b^2&+c^2=10 abc=-9
3 1
1 x^3-3x^2+5x-5
x-
/ -
+1
b+1
/ c
/ x^2 x^3
a

28
 1

:
:
:
:
:

:
:

:
:
:

(a&+b)^2=a^2&+2ab&+b^2 (a&-b)^2=a^2&-2ab&+b^2
(a&+b)(a&-b)=a^2&-b^2
(x&+a)(x&+b)=x^2&+(a&+b)x&+ab
(ax&+b)(cx&+ )=acx^2&+(a &+bc)x&+b
(x&+a)(x&+b)(x&+c)=x^3&+(a&+b&+c)x^2&+(ab&+bc&+c&a)x&+abc
(x&-a)(x&-b)(x&-c)=x^3&-(a&+b&+c)x^2&+(ab&+bc&+c&a)x&-abc
(a&+b&+c)^2=a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+2ab&+2bc&+2c&a
(a&+b)^3=a^3&+3a^2&b&+3ab^2&+b^3 (a&-b)^3=a^3&-3a^2&b&+3ab^2&-b^3
(a&+b)(a^2&-ab&+b^2)=a^3&+b^3 (a&-b)(a^2&+ab&+b^2)=a^3&-b^3
(a&+b&+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab&-bc&-c&a)=a^3&+b^3&+c^3&-3abc
(a^2&+ab&+b^2)(a^2&-ab&+b^2)=a^4&+a^2&b^2&+b^4

a^2&+b^2=(a&+b)^2&-2ab a^2&+b^2=(a&-b)^2&+2ab
(a&+b)^2=(a&-b)^2&+4ab (a&-b)^2=(a&+b)^2&-4ab
a^3&+b^3=(a&+b)^3&-3ab(a&+b) a^3&-b^3=(a&-b)^3&+3ab(a&-b)
a^2&+b^2&+c^2=(a&+b&+c)^2&-2(ab&+bc&+c&a)
a^3&+b^3&+c^3=(a&+b&+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab&-bc&-c&a)&+3abc

1 29
STEP 1 048
x^4&-3x^2&-2x&+6 (x)
045
x^2&+x&-2 & -4x&+6
A B
(x)
2A+B=3x^2+5xy-2y^2 A-B=7xy-4y^2
x^2&-3x&+2 x^2&-2x
A-2(X-B)=9A
x^2&+x x^2&-x
X
x^2&-x&+1

049
046 (x-7)(x-4)(x-2)(x+1)
(x&-3)^3(2x&+1)^2 x^3
x^4+ax^3+bx^2+cx-56 a~b~c
a+b-c

050
047 1 1 1 1
(x^2&-x&+2)^3 1+1
/ 1+ 1+ 1+ = -
2^2 2^4 2 2
m n m+n

30
 1
6

051 STEP 2
x^2 y^2
x+y= 2 xy=-2 +
y x 054
-5 2 -4 2 -3 2 a= 3
-2 2 - 2 (7+4a)^3-(7-4a)^3 ^2- (7+4a)^3+(7-4a)^3 ^2

052
a b a^2=9&-4 5 b^2=9&+4 5
a&+b
055
a&-b=5 b&-c=4
a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab&-bc&-c&a

053
146
^2+ ^2+ ^2=158

A D
056
B C
a+b+c=6 a^2+b^2+c^2=20 1
/
a+1
/
b+1
/
c=4
E H
a^3+b^3+c^3
F G

1 31
 1
8

057 059
x&+y=3 xy=&-1 x&+3
x &+y 8
x &+y
ax^2&+bx&+c a&+b&+c
( a b c )

x+3
x+3

x+3

058
x y 060
(x y) AB
ABC C AB
x y p H =1
x y x+y
ABC / =x
q
3x^3-5x^2+4x+7 ( x<1)
3p-2q=36
C

A B
H

13-3 7 14-3 7
15-3 7 16-3 7
17-3 7

32
 = …R
A=BQ+R

2 3 2 1
3x^2&+2x+1
6 16
=(x-2)(3x+8)+17
3 8 17
 (=)
Õ

2x&-2=2(x&-1) 2x&-2&=0 x=1

ax+b=0 x LL a=0 b=0

ax+b=a'x+b' x LL a=a' b=b'
ax^2&+bx+c=0 x LL a=0 b=0 c=0
ax^2&+bx+c=a'x^2&+b'x+c' x LL a=a' b=b' c=c'
ax+by+c=0 x y LL a=0 b=0 c=0
ax+by+c= x+ y+ ` x y LL a= b= c=

LL

ax^2&+bx+c=0 x LL a=0 b=0 c=0

ax^2&+bx+c=0 x x
x=0 x=1 x=-1 ax^2&+bx+c=0 c=0 a+b+c=0 a-b+c=0
a=0 b=0 c=0
a=0 b=0 c=0 x ax^2&+bx+c=0 x

34
 :

x LL x
LL x
LL x
LL x

x a b c
ax^2&+bx+c=3x^2&+2x-1
a(x-1)+b(x+1)=x

`a=3 b=2 c=-1

0 x
x=1

b(1+1)=1 `b=1
2
/

x=-1

a(-1-1)=-1 `a=1
2
/

2 35
 061 x a b c
(a-1)x^2&+(b+2)x+3-c=0
x^2&+ax+6=bx^2&+c

0 a-1=0 b+2=0 3-c=0

`a=1 b=-2 c=3
x^2&+ax+6=bx^2&+0 x+c
a=0 b=1 c=6

9
062 x a b c
(a+3)x^2&-(b-1)x+c+2=0
ax^2&+2x-4=3x^2&-bx+c

063 a(x-1)+b(x-2)=2x-3 x a b

x=1 x=2
0

x=1
a(1-1)+b(1-2)=2 1-3 `b=1
x=2
a(2-1)+b(2-2)=2 2-3 `a=1

(a+b)x-(a+2b)=2x-3

a+b=2 a+2b=3
a=1 b=1

9
064 a(x+1)-b(x-1)=2x-4 x a b

36
065 x a b c
3x^2&-6x+7=a(x-1)(x-2)+b(x-2)(x+1)+c(x-1)(x+1)
x^3&+ax^2&-3x+b=(x+2)(x^2&+cx-3)
2x^2&+1=a(x+1)(x+2)+b(x+1)+c

x=1
4=b (-1) 2 `b=-2
x=2

7=c 1 3 `c=7
3
/

x=-1

16=a (-2) (-3) `a=8

3
/

x^3&+ax^2&-3x+b=x^3&+(c+2)x^2&+(2c-3)x-6

a=c+2 -3=2c-3 b=-6

`a=2 b=-6 c=0

a=2
2x^2&+1=2(x+1)(x+2)+b(x+1)+c
x=-1
c=3
x=-2 9=-b+c
9=-b+3
`b=-6

10
066 x a b c
x^2&+x=ax(x-1)+b(x-1)(x-2)+cx(x-2)
(x-1)(ax+2)=3x^2&+bx+c
x^2&+x+1=a(x-1)^2&+b(x-1)+c

2 37
 067 (k-2)x+(3-k)y-5=0
x k y
k x y

x ( )x+( )=0
k ( )k+( )=0

x (k-2)x+(3y-ky-5)=0
x k-2=0 3y-ky-5=0
k=2 y=5
k (x-y)k+(-2x+3y-5)=0
k x-y=0 -2x+3y-5=0
x=5 y=5

10
068 a(k+3)-(4k+b+3)=0 k a b

069 x (2x-1) =a &x &+a &x &+a &x &+ … +a &x+a

a &+a &+a &+ … +a &+a ( a a a … a )

1 1 =1 a\1=a
( Number)

x
x=1 (2-1) =a &+a &+a &+ … +a &+a
`a &+a &+a &+ … +a &+a =1

10
070 x (2x &-5x+3)^3=a &x^3 &+a &x^2 &+a &x^2 &+ … +a &x+a
a &+a &+a &+ … +a &+a ( a a a … a )

38
 A B( 0) A B Q R

=Q … R Q
A=BQ&+R ( (R )<(B )) B A
BQ
R
A B =0
= &+ x

= &+

A=BQ+R ( (R )<(B ))

= &+

A=BQ&+R
B (x&- )(x&- )
A 4

x^3&-2x^2&+4x&-3 (x&-1)(x&+3)

Q(x)
ax&+b (a b ) = &+

x^3&-2x^2&+4x&-3=(x&-1)(x&+3) (x)&+ax&+b
x=1 a&+b=0 ……
x=&-3 3a&-b=60 ……
a=15 b=&-15
15x&-15

2 39
 071 x^3&+ax+b x^2&-3x+2 2x+1 a b

A=BQ+R
A=BQ+R
x^2&-3x+2=(x-1)(x-2) x=1 x=2

Q(x) 2x+1
x^3&+ax+b=(x^2&-3x+2)Q(x)+2x+1
`x^3&+ax+b=(x-1)(x-2)Q(x)+2x+1
x=1 1+a+b=3
a+b=2
x=2 8+2a+b=5
2a+b=-3
a=-5 b=7

10
072 x^3&-ax^2&+b x^2&+x-2 4x-2 a b

073 x &+ax &+b x^2&-1 a b

0
x^2&-1=(x-1)(x+1) A=BQ
x=1 x=-1

Q(x)
x &+ax &+b=(x^2&-1) (x)
`x &+ax &+b=(x-1)(x+1)Q(x)
x=1 1+a+b=0
a+b=-1
x=-1 1-a+b=0
a-b=1
a=0 b=-1

10
074 2x^3&+x^2&+ax+b x^2&+x a b

40
 `

075 3x^3&+ax+b x^2&+1 x+1 a b

Q(x) 3x^3&+ax+b=(x^2&+1) (x)+x+1

3x^3&+ax+b=(x^2&+1)Q(x)+x+1 Q(x)
x^3 3 3x^3&+ax+b x^2&+1 3x+n (n
x+1
3x^3&+ax+b=(x^2&+1)(3x+n)+x+1
`3x^3&+ax+b=3x^3&+ x^2&+4x+ +1
0= a=4 b=n+1 `a=4 b=1

10
076 x^3&-x^2&+ax+b x^2&-2 x+1 a b

077 2x^3&+x^2&+ax+1 x^2&+b a b

( )=0
Q(x) 2x^3&+x^2&+ax+1=(x^2&+b) (x)

2x^3&+x^2&+ax+1=(x^2&+b) (x) Q(x)

x^3 2 2x^3&+x^2&+ax+1 x^2&+b 2x+n (n

2x^3&+x^2&+ax+1=(x^2&+b)(2x+n)
`2x^3&+x^2&+ax+1=2x^3&+ x^2&+2bx+b
1=n a=2b 1=bn `a=2 b=1

10
078 2x^3&+ax^2&+6x+b x^2&-x+1 a b

A=BQ+R
(R )<(B )
A B =0 A=BQ

2 41
 11

079 082
x x-y=1 x y
a b c
x^3&+ax^2&-28=(x+b)(x^2&+cx+14) x^2&+2 x+y^2&-3xy- y+6=0
a(x+3)^2(x-2)+b(x+3)=2x^3&-cx^2 + -
( p q )

080

x y 083
x^4&+ax^2&+9x+b x^2&-2x+3
a(x+y)+b(x-y)+2=3x-5y+c
x-7 a b ab
a b c abc

(2 +3)x+(3 -1)y+5 -9=0 k

x y
x+y

084

(3+2x-x^2)^3=a &+a &x+a &x^2&+ … +a &x

081 x
(x)
(x^2&-4) (x)=x^4&+ax^3&+bx^2&+8x
a &+a &+a &+a &+a &+a &+a
x a
a &+a &+a &+a
b ab

42
 ( )=0 x

f(x) x- f(alpha)

f(x) ax+b f~(-b

a)
/

f(x) x- Q(x) R f(x)=(x- ) (x)+R

x x= f( )=

085 x^2&+2x&+3
x&-1 x&-2 2x&-1

f(x) x- ( )

(x)=x^2&+2x&+3
(1)=1&+2&+3=6
(2)=2^2&+2 2&+3=11

f~ /
1 = 1
/ &+2 /&+3=1
1 4
/
7

12
086 x^2&-3x&+1
x&+1 x&-2 2x&+1

2 43
 `

087 2x^3&+ax^2&+bx-12 x-2 x-3 12

a b

0
x-2 x=2 0
x-3 12 x=3 12

(x)=2x^3&+ax^2&+bx-12
x-2 (2)=0
16+4a+2b-12=0
`2a+b=-2
x-3 12 (3)=12
54+9a+3b-12=12
`3a+b=-10
a=-8 b=14

12
088 x^3&-3x^2&+ax+b x+1 x-1 -4
a b

089 (x) x^2&-5x-6 2x+6 (x) x-6

x-6 (6)

(x) x^2&-5x-6 Q(x) 2x+6

(x)=(x^2&-5x-6) (x)+2x+6
=(x+1)(x-6)Q(x)+2x+6
(x) x-6
(6)=0+12+6=18

12
090 (x) x^2&-1 2x+3 (x) x+1

44
091 (x) x+1 -3 x-3 13
(x) (x+1)(x-3)

ax+b

(x) x+1 -3 (-1)=-3

(x) x-3 13 (3)=13
(x) (x+1)(x-3) Q(x) ax+b (a b

(x)=(x+1)(x-3)Q(x)+ax+b `
(-1)=-3 (3)=13 x=-1 x=3
(-1)=-a+b (3)=3a+b
`-a+b=-3 3a+b=13
a=4 b=1
4x+1

12
092 (x) x-2 5 x+3 -5 (x)
(x-2)(x+3)

093 (x) x^2&+3x+2 4x+1 (x^2&+x+1) (x) x+2

(x^2&+x+1) (x) x+2 (x^2&+x+1) (x) x=-2

(x) x^2&+3x+2 Q(x) 4x+1

(x)=(x^2&+3x+2) (x)+4x+1
=(x+1)(x+2)Q(x)+4x+1
` (-2)=0-8+1=-7
(x^2&+x+1) (x) x+2 (x^2&+x+1) (x) x=-2

(4-2+1) (-2)=3 (-7)=-21

12
094 (x) x^2&-2x-3 x-1 (x^2&+1) (x) x-3

2 45
 095 (x) x-2 Q(x) 3 Q(x) x-3
7 (x) x-3

(x) x-3 (3)

(3)

(x) x-2 Q(x) 3

(x)=(x-2) (x)+3
Q(x) x-3 7 Q(3)=7
(x) x-3
(3)=(3-2) (3)+3=7+3=10

12
096 (x) x+1 Q(x) 1 Q(x) x-1
2 (x) x-1

097 (x) (x-1)^2 x+1 x-2 4

(x) (x-1)^2(x-2)

ax^2&+bx+c

(x) (x-1)^2(x-2) Q(x) ax^2&+bx+c (a b c

(x)=(x-1)^2(x-2) (x)+ax^2&+bx+c


(x) (x-1)^2 x+1

(x-1)^2 0 (x-1)^2
x+1
ax^2&+bx+c=(x-1)^2& a+(x+1)
` (x)=(x-1)^2(x-2) (x)+a(x-1)^2&+x+1
(x) x-2 4 (2)=4
a+2+1=4 `a=1

(x-1)^2&+x+1=x^2&-x+2

13
098 (x) x^2&+2 2x+1 x-1 6 (x)
(x^2&+2)(x-1)

46
 (x) x-
LL (x) x- 0
LL f(alpha)=0
LL f(x) x-alpha
LL (x)=(x- ) (x)
(x) ax+b
LL (x) ax+b 0

LL -b
a =0
/

LL (x) ax+b
LL (x)=(ax+b) (x)

099 (x)=6x^3&+ax^2&+2x+a x+1 a

x+1 (x) x+1

0

(x)=6x^3&+ax^2&+2x+a x+1 (-1)=0

-6+a-2+a=0 `a=4

13
100 (x)=x^3&-2x+a x-1 a

2 47
 x 1 x-

x-
3x^2&+2x+1 x-2
(3x^2&+2x+1) (x-2) (3 2 1) (2) 2 3 2 1

0
x-2=0 x 2
2
2 3 2 1
2 + +
2 6 2 16
3 8 17

2 3 2 1

6 16
3 8 17
3x+8, 17

2x + 23
10 2 3 5
x-10& 2x^2& + 3x + 5 2 2 + +
2x^2& - 20x 20 230
23x + 5 3 + 10 2 = 23 10 10

23x - 230 2 23 235

235 5 + 10 23= 235

` 2x+23 235

ax+b
x 1

(x)= x+b
a
/ &Q(x)+R x+b
a
/ Q(x) R

=(ax+b) &1
a& (x)+R
/ ax+b a& (x)
/
1 R

ax&+b x&+b
a
/ a

48
101
(x^3&-2x+3) (x-2) (2x^4&+3x^2&-4) (x+1)

0 0

x^3&-2x+3=x^3&+0 x^2&-2x+3
2 1 0 -2 3
2 4 4
1 2 2 7

` x^2&+2x+2 7
2x^4&+3x^2&-4=2x^4&+0 x^3&+3x^2&+0 x-4
-1 2 0 3 0 -4
-2 2 -5 5
2 -2 5 -5 1

` 2x^3&-2x^2&+5x-5 1

13
102
(2x^3&-x-1) (x+1) (x^4&-2x+1) (x-2)

ax+b

103 3x^3&+5x^2&+7x+1 3x-1

3x-1 x-1
/
3

3x-1=0 x=1
/ 1
3 5 7 1
3
1 2 3
`3x^3&+5x^2&+7x+1= x-1
/ (3x^2&+6x+9)+4
3 6 9 4
=3 x-1
/ (x^2&+2x+3)+4

=(3x-1)(x^2&+2x+3)+4
` x^2&+2x+3 4

13
104 2x^3&+3x^2&+6x+5 2x-1

2 49
 105 3x^3&+2x^2&+2x+1=a(x-1)^3&+b(x-1)^2&+c(x-1)+ x
a b c

a(x- )^3&+b(x- )^2&+c(x- )+ x-

c b a

x-1 1 3 2 2 1
(x-1) a(x-1)^2&+b(x-1)+c + 3 5 7
1 3 5 7 8 =
(x-1) a(x-1)+b +c 3 8
1 3 8 15 =c
3
(x-1)a+b
3 11 =b
x-1 c b
a a
a=3 b=11 c=15 d=8

x-1=y x=y+1
3(y+1)^3&+2(y+1)^2&+2(y+1)+1=ay^3&+by^2&+cy+

3y^3&+11y^2&+15y+8=ay^3&+by^2&+cy+
a=3 b=11 c=15 =8

3=a
x=1 8=
x=0 1=-a+b-c+
x=2 37=a+b+c+
a=3 b=11 c=15 =8

13
106 x^3&+2x+3=a(x-2)^3&+b(x-2)^2&+c(x-2)+ x a b c

x-
ax+b a

50
 14

107 110
x^3&+ax^2&-5x+6 x+1 x^3&-x^2&+3x+a x^2&+2x+b x-2
x-2 a b ab
x+3
( a )

111
(x)=x^3&-4x^2&+x+2
108
(x) x+5 -6
(x)=a(x-2)^3&+b(x-2)^2&+c(x-2)+
x^2&-4 3x+2 (x)
x a b c
x^2&+3x-10

(12)

109
(x) x^2&+1 x+1 112
(x) x-3 Q(x)
x-1 4 (x)
7 Q(x) x+1 3
(x^2&+1)(x-1) ax^2&+bx+c
(x) (x-3)(x+1)
a b c abc
R(x) R(2)

2 51
 2

x
x
x
x
x

:
:

=Q … R A=BQ+R ( (R )<(B ))

(x) x- ( ) .

(x) ax+b -b
a
/ .

(x) x-
( )=0
(x) x-
(x) ax+b

-b
a =0
/
(x) ax+b

2 3 2 1
x- 6 16
3 8 17
3x^2&+2x+1 x-2
3x+8 17

52
 2
15

STEP 1 116
(x) x(x&+1) x&+1
113 (x&+1)(x&+2) 5x&+5
x
(x) x(x&+1)(x&+2)
3x^2&+12x-7
=a(x-1)(x+3)+b(x+3)+c(x-1)^2
a b c a-b+c

117
(x) g(x)
(x)+ (x) x^2&+3x&+2 14
114 (x)- (x) x^2&+3x&+2
x&+ay&-2b
x y -2 (x) x^2&+3x&+2
2x&-y&+1
a b a&+b
( 2x-y+1 0) &-2 0 2
4 6

115
(x) x+4 13 118
x-4 -3 (x) x^2&-16 x^3&-ax^2&+3x+10 x+2
R(x) (8) Q(x) 8 Q(x) x-a
( a )

2 53
119 STEP 2
(x)=x^3&+ax^2&+bx+3 x-1
2 (x+2) x-1
122
x
a b b-a
x &+1=a (x&+2) &+a (x&+2) &+…&
+a (x&+2)&+a
a &+a &+a &+a &+a
( a a … a )
0 2 &+1 2 &-1
1-3 & 3+3
2 2

120
P(x)=2x^2& + 3x& - 9
xP(x)&-2a^3 x&-a
a
123
n x (x^2& - ax& + b)
(x&-3)^2 3 (x&-3)
a b ab

121
x
8x^3&+4x^2&-12x-1 124
(x)
=a(2x-1)^3&+b(2x-1)^2&+c(2x-1)+
a b c
(-2)=-8
a -bc
(x)+ (4-x)=8

(x) x^2&-8x+12

54
 2
16

125 127
10 &+10 &+10 &+ … +10^2&+1 11 (x) x&-a
(x) (x) x&-a
(x) … (x) x&-a
(x) (x) (x&-a)
R(x)
R(a)
a (a) a (a)
a&+ (a) a- (a)

126
a b
(x) (x& - a)(x& - b)
R(x)

128
1 (x)
(a)&- (a)=0 (4)
(a)&- (b)= (b)&- (a)
a (b)&-b (a)=(a&-b) (0) (x) x+1 (x)
x^2&-3
(x+1)-5 x^2&+x

-9 -8 -7
-6 -5

2 55
a^3&+3a^2&b&+3ab^2&+b^3=(a+b)^3
2 3 6 (a-b)(a+b) a^2&-b^2

&a- b+ c= (a-b+c)

a^2&+2ab+b^2=(a+b)^2
a^2&-2ab+b^2=(a-b)^2
a^3&+3a^2&b+3ab^2&+b^3=(a+b)^3
a^3&-3a^2&b+3ab^2&-b^3=(a-b)^3
a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+2ab+2bc+2c&a=(a+b+c)^2

a^2&-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)
a^3&+b^3=(a+b)(a^2&-ab+b^2)
a^3&-b^3=(a-b)(a^2&+ab+b^2)

x^2&+(a+b)x+ab=(x+a)(x+b)
acx^2&+(a +bc)x+b =(ax+b)(cx+ )

a^3&+b^3&+c^3&-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab-bc-c&a)
a^4&+a^2&b^2&+b^4=(a^2&+ab+b^2)(a^2&-ab+b^2)
x &-1=(x-1)(x &+x ^2&+ … +x+1) ( n )

(x^2&-4)(x+1) (x+2)(x-2)(x+1) (x^2&-3)(x+1)

3 57
 129
6xy^2&z+12xy^2&-8xyz^2
ab(a-b)+a(b-a)
(x-3)^2&-5(x-3)

=2xy(3yz+6y-4z^2)
=ab(a-b)-a(a-b)=(ab-a)(a-b)=a(a-b)(b-1)
=(x-3)(x-3-5)=(x-3)(x-8)

ab(a-b)+a(b-a)=(ab-a)(a-b) ( )
ab(a-b)+a(b-a)=a(a-b)(b-1) ( )

18
130
9a^2&b^2&-18ab^3&+6ab^2&c
(x-1)(x+2)-3(x+2)
(a+b)^2&+(a-b)(a+b)

131
3x^2&-24x+48
ax^2&-4ax-12a
2x^3&+5x^2&+2x

=3(x^2&-8x+16)=3(x-4)^2
=a(x^2&-4x-12)=a(x+2)(x-6)
=x(2x^2&+5x+2)=x(x+2)(2x+1)

18
132
2x^2&+12x+18
ax^2&-3ax-10a
3x^3&-8x^2&+4x

58
 2 `

133
x^3&y-xy^3 x^4&-1
(x+y)^2&-4y^2 (3x-4)^2&-(x+3)^2

2
a^2&-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)

=xy(x^2&-y^2)=xy(x+y)(x-y)
=(x^2)^2&-1=(x^2&+1)(x^2&-1)=(x^2&+1)(x+1)(x-1)
=(x+y)^2&-(2y)^2=(x+y+2y)(x+y-2y)=(x+3y)(x-y)
={(3x-4)+(x+3)}{(3x-4)-(x+3)}=(4x-1)(2x-7)

18
134
a^3&-a a^4&-b^4
(a-b)^2&-9b^2 (a+b)^2&-(a-b)^2

2 `

135
&x^3&+8 8x^3&-27y^3
x^4&+x x &-y

2
a^3&+b^3=(a+b)(a^2&-ab+b^2)
Õ
a^3&-b^3=(a-b)(a^2&+ab+b^2)

=x^3&+2^3=(x+2)(x^2&-2x+2^2)
=(x+2)(x^2&-2x+4)
=(2x)^3&-(3y)^3
=(2x-3y) (2x)^2&+2x 3y+(3y)^2
=(2x-3y)(4x^2&+6xy+9y^2)
=x(x^3&+1)=x(x+1)(x^2&-x+1)
=(x^3)^2&-(y^3)^2=(x^3&+y^3)(x^3&-y^3)
=(x+y)(x^2&-xy+y^2)(x-y)(x^2&+xy+y^2)

18
136
a^3&+27 a^3&+64b^3
a^4&-8a (a+2)^3&-1

3 59
 137
x^3&-6x^2&+12x-8 x^2&+y^2&+z^2&-2xy-2yz+2zx
x^4&+9x^2&+81 x^3&+y^3&-3xy+1

=x^3&-3 x^2& 2+3 x 2^2&-2^3=(x-2)^3

=x^2&+(-y)^2&+z^2&+2 x (-y)+2 (-y) z+2 z x
=(x-y+z)^2
=x^4&+3^2& x^2&+3^4=(x^2&+3x+3^2)(x^2&-3x+3^2)
=(x^2&+3x+9)(x^2&-3x+9)
=x^3&+y^3&+1^3&-3 x y 1
=(x+y+1)(x^2&+y^2&+1^2&-x y-y 1-1 x)
=(x+y+1)(x^2&+y^2&-xy-x-y+1)

19
138
x^3&+3x^2&+3x+1 a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-2ab+2bc-2c&a
x^4&+x^2&+1 a^3&+b^3&+8-6ab

139
x^2&y^2&-x^2&-y^2&+1 x^2&-2xy+4y-2x
a^2&-2a^2&b+2ab^2&-b^2 a^3&+3a^2&-4a-12

=x^2(y^2&-1)-(y^2&-1)=(x^2&-1)(y^2&-1)
=(x+1)(x-1)(y+1)(y-1)
=(x^2&-2xy)-(2x-4y)=x(x-2y)-2(x-2y)=(x-2)(x-2y)
=(a^2&-b^2)-(2a^2&b-2ab^2)=(a+b)(a-b)-2ab(a-b)
=(a-b)(a+b-2ab)
=a^2(a+3)-4(a+3)=(a+3)(a^2&-4)=(a+3)(a+2)(a-2)

19
140
a^2&b-a^2&c-b^3&+b^2&c a^2&-3ab+9b-3a
x^2&+4x+4y-y^2 x^3&-x^2&-x+1

60
141
(x^2&+3x-3)(x^2&+3x+1)-5 (x^2&+4x)^2&-2x^2&-8x-15

x^2&+3x=
=( -3)( +1)-5= ^2&-2 -3-5= ^2&-2 -8
=( +2)( -4)=(x^2&+3x+2)(x^2&+3x-4)
=(x+1)(x+2)(x-1)(x+4)
=(x^2&+4x)^2&-2(x^2&+4x)-15
x^2&+4x=
= ^2&-2 -15=( +3)( -5)=(x^2&+4x+3)(x^2&+4x-5)
=(x+1)(x+3)(x-1)(x+5)

19
142
(x^2&+x-6)(x^2&+x-4)-8 (x^2&-3x)^2&-2x^2&+6x-8

143 (x-3)(x-1)(x+2)(x+4)+24

( )( )( )( )+k

= (x-1)(x+2) (x-3)(x+4) +24=(x^2&+x-2)(x^2&+x-12)+24

x^2&+x=
=( -2)( -12)+24= ^2&-14 +24+24
= ^2&-14 +48=( -6)( -8)
=(x^2&+x-6)(x^2&+x-8)=(x-2)(x+3)(x^2&+x-8)

19
144 (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)-24

3 61
 `

145
&x^4&-3x^2&+2 x^4&-2x^2&-8

x^2= x ax^4&+bx^2&+c

x^2= 151

x^2=
= ^2&-3 &+2=( &-1)( &-2)=(x^2&-1)(x^2&-2)
=(x&+1)(x&-1)(x^2&-2)
= ^2&-2 &-8=( &+2)( &-4)=(x^2&+2)(x^2&-4)
=(x^2&+2)(x&+2)(x&-2)

19
146
x^4&-4x^2&+3 x^4&-3x^2&-4

147 x^4&-3x^3&-2x^2&+3x&+1

x^2

1
( )=x^2 x^2&-3x&-2&+/
x&+
x^2
1
=x^2Õx^2&+ -3 x&-1
x &-2
/
x^2

=x^2 x&-1
x &+2& -3 x&-1
/ x &-2
/

=x^2 x&-1
x &-3 x&-1
/ x &
/

=x^2 x&-1
x&
/ x&-1
x&-3
/

=x x&-1
x&
/ x x&-1
x&-3
/

=(x^2&-1)(x^2&-3x&-1)

=(x&+1)(x&-1)(x^2&-3x&-1)

20
148 x^4&-x^3&-4x^2&+x&+1

62
 ( )^2&-( )^2

149
x^2&-y^2&+10x&+25 x^2&-16&-8y&-y^2

4 3

=(x^2&+10x&+25)&-y^2=(x&+5)^2&-y^2=(x&+y&+5)(x&-y&+5)
=x^2&-(y^2&+8y&+16)=x^2&-(y&+4)^2=(x&+y&+4)(x&-y&-4)

20
150
x^2&-y^2&-6x&+9 9&-x^2&-y^2&+2xy

151
x^4&-7x^2&+9 x^4&+4x^2&+16
x^4&-6x^2&+1 x^4&+4

^2&- ^2

=(x^4&-6x^2&+9)&-x^2=(x^2&-3)^2&-x^2=(x^2&+x&-3)(x^2&-x&-3)
=(x^4&+8x^2&+16)&-4x^2=(x^2&+4)^2&-(2x)^2=(x^2&+2x&+4)(x^2&-2x&+4)
=(x^4&-2x^2&+1)&-4x^2=(x^2&-1)^2&-(2x)^2=(x^2&+2x&-1)(x^2&-2x&-1)
=(x^4&+4x^2&+4)&-4x^2=(x^2&+2)^2&-(2x)^2=(x^2&+2x&+2)(x^2&-2x&+2)

20
152
x^4&-3x^2&+1 x^4&+3x^2&+4
x^4&-8x^2&+4 x^4&+2x^2&+9

3 63
 5

153
a^3&+a^2&c&+ac^2&-b^3&-b^2&c&-bc^2 a^2(b&-c)&+b^2(c&-a)&+c^2(a&-b)

c c
=(a&-b)c^2&+(a^2&-b^2)c&+a^3&-b^3
=(a&-b)c^2&+(a&+b)(a&-b)c&+(a&-b)(a^2&+ab&+b^2)
=(a&-b) c^2&+(a&+b)c&+(a^2&+ab&+b^2)
=(a&-b)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+ab&+bc&+c&a)
a
=a^2&b&-a^2&c&+b^2&c&-b^2&a&+c^2&a&-c^2&b
=(b&-c)a^2&-(b^2&-c^2)a&+b^2&c&-bc^2
=(b&-c)a^2&-(b&+c)(b&-c)a&+bc(b&-c)
=(b&-c) a^2&-(b&+c)a&+bc
=(b&-c)(a&-b)(a&-c)=&-(a&-b)(b&-c)(c&-a)

20
154
a^3&-a^2&b&+ab^2&+ac^2&-b^3&-bc^2 ab(a&+b)&+bc(b&-c)-c&a(c+a)

x y

155 2x^2&+3xy&+y^2&-5x&-4y&+3

=2x^2&+(3y&-5)x&+y^2&-4y&+3 1 (y-1) 2(y-1)

=2x^2&+(3y&-5)x&+(y&-1)(y&-3) 2 (y-3) y-3 +
3y-5
=(x&+y&-1)(2x&+y&-3)

20
156 x^2&-3xy&+2y^2&-x&+3y&-2

64
157 a b c a^3&+b^3&+c^3=3abc

a b c

a^3&+b^3&+c^3&-3abc=0 (a&+b&+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab&-bc&-c&a)=0
/(a&+b&+c)(2a^2&+2b^2&+2c^2&-2ab&-2bc&-2c&a)=0
1

/(a&+b&+c) (a^2&-2ab&+b^2)&+(b^2&-2bc&+c^2)&+(c^2&-2c&a&+a^2) =0
1

/(a&+b&+c) (a&-b)^2&+(b&-c)^2&+(c&-a)^2 =0
1
a b c a&+b&+c 0
`(a&-b)^2&+(b&-c)^2&+(c&-a)^2=0
a&-b=0 b&-c=0 c&-a=0 a=b=c

21
158 a b c a^3&-(b+c)a^2&-(b^2&+c^2)a+(b+c)(b^2&+c^2)=0

159 208^3&+8
208 206&+4

208=a
a^3&+8 (a&+2)(a^2&-2a&+4)
( )= = =a&+2=208&+2=210
a(a&-2)&+4 a^2&-2a&+4

21
2023 2024&+1
160
2024^3&+1

3 65
 0
( )=0 (x) x-

(x) x- Q(x)
f(x)=(x-alpha)Q(x)
0
( )
±1 ±( ) ±
( )

x^3&-2x^2&+2x&-1

x^3&&-2x^2&&+2x&-1 1 0 x&-1
x^3&&-2x^2&&+2x&-1=(x&-1)( x^2&&+ &x&+ )

x^3&&-2x^2&&+2x&-1=(x&-1)( x^2&&+ &x&+ )

( x^3 )=( x^3 )

1= =1

x^3&&-2x^2&&+2x&-1=(x&-1)(x^2&&+ &x&+ )

( )=( ) &
-1=&- =1

x^3&&-2x^2&&+2x&-1=(x`-1)(x^2&&+ &x&+1)

( x^2 )=( x^2 ) &

-2= &-1 =&-1

x^3&&-2x^2&&+2x&-1=(x&-1)(x^2&-x+1)

66
161
x^3&-3x&-2 3x^3&+2x^2&+2x&-1

1 -1 2 -2 1 -1 /
1 -1
/

(x)=x^3&-3x&-2 (&-1)=&-1&+3&-2=0& -1 1 0 -3 -2
(x) -1 1 2
(x)=(x&+1)(x^2&-x&-2)=(x&+1)(x&+1)(x&-2) 1 -1 -2 0

=(x&+1)^2(x&-2)
(x)=3x^3&+2x^2&+2x&-1 /
1 3 2 2 -1
/ =1
1 /&+/&+/&-1=0 1 1 1
3 3 3 0
(x)

(x)= x&-1
/ (3x^2&+3x&+3)=(3x&-1)(x^2&+x&+1)

21
162
x^3&-2x^2&+1 2x^3&-3x^2&+3x&-1

163 x^4&+x^3&-3x^2&-x&+2

(x)=x^4&+x^3&-3x^2&-x&+2 (1)=0 1 1 1 -3 -1 2
(x) 1 2 -1 -2

(x)=(x&-1)(x^3&+2x^2&-x&-2) 1 1 2 -1 -2 0


1 3 2
1 3 2 0
x=1 0
(x)
(x)=(x&-1)(x&-1)(x^2&+3x&+2)=(x&-1)^2(x&+1)(x&+2)`

21
164 x^4&-4x^3&-2x^2&+12x&+9

3 67
 21

165 168
x^2&-4xy-5y^2&-x+17y-6
x^3&-7x^2&+10x=x(x-2)(x-5) (x+ay+b)(x+cy+ ) a b
a^3&+125b^3=(a+5b)(a^2&-5ab+25b^2) c abc
8x^2&-12x^2&y+6xy^2&-y^3=(2x-y)^3
9a^2&+b^2&+4-6ab-4b+12a=(3a+b-2)^2
x^4&+4x^2&y^2&+16y^4
=(x^2&+2xy+4y^2)(x^2&-2xy+4y^2)

169
a b c
ab(a+b)-bc(b+c)-c&a(c-a)=0

166

(x-1)(x+1)(x+3)(x+5)+15
x-4 x-2
x^2 x^2&-4x-2
170
x^2&+4x-2
1 1z02 104 10z6+16z

167 171
x^4&-13x^2&+4=(x^2&+ax&+b)(x^2&+cx&+ ) x^2 1 (x) g(x)
ab&&-c x^4&+4x^3&-3x^2&-18x (2) 0 (0) 0
( a b c ) (-1)+ (4)

68
 3

&a&- b&+ c= (a&-b&+c)

a^2&+2ab&+b^2=(a&+b)^2
a^2&-2ab&+b^2=(a&-b)^2
a^3&+3a^2&b&+3ab^2&+b^3=(a&+b)^3
a^3&-3a^2&b&+3ab^2&-b^3=(a&-b)^3
a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+2ab&+2bc&+2c&a=(a&+b&+c)^2

a^2&-b^2=(a&+b)(a&-b)
a^3&+b^3=(a&+b)(a^2&-ab&+b^2)
a^3&-b^3=(a&-b)(a^2&+ab&+b^2)

x^2&+(a&+b)x&+ab=(x&+a)(x&+b)
acx^2&+(a &+bc)x&+b =(ax&+b)(cx&+ )

a^3&+b^3&+c^3&-3abc=(a&+b&+c)(a^2&+b^2&+c^2&-ab&-bc&-c&a)
a^4&+a^2&b^2&+b^4=(a^2&+ab&+b^2)(a^2&-ab&+b^2)
x &-1=(x-1)(x &+x ^2&+ … +x+1) ( n )

( )^2&-( )^2

0
( )
±1 ±( ) ±( )

3 69
STEP 1 175
x^4&-18x^2&+81
172 (x+a)^2(x+b)^2 a b a-b
a^4&-a^3&b+ab^3&-b^4
( a b)

a-b a+b
a^2&-b^2 a^2&-ab+b^2
a^2&+ab+b^2

176
x^2 2
173 (x) g(x)
x^2(x&-3)^2&-14x(x&-3)&+40
(x) (x)=4x^4&-13x^2&+1
(x&+a)(x&+b)(x&+c)(x&+ )
(x)+ (x) x-3
a b c a^2&+b^2&+c^2&+ ^2

177
174 x^2&+xy-2y^2&+ x+9y-10 x y
(x& + 1)(x& + 2)(x& + 3)(x& + 4)& + a k
a

70
 3
23

178 STEP 2
10 5^3&-10 5^2& 9 5&-10 5 9 5^2&+9 5^3
20 181
a^3&-b^3 a&-b
a b c =
a^3&-c^3 a&-c
(a b c)

179
(4 7 7) (9 6 3)
2x^4&+7x^3&+ax^2&+bx+3 (x+1)^2
(5 12 13) (17 8 4)
a b a+b
(9 9 7) (8 5 6)

180
x x
x+3 1

a b c
(x+a)(x^2&+bx+c) abc
( x>1)

182
x
^4&-6 ^2&+25
n

x+3

-5 -4
-3 -2
-1

3 71
 3
25

183 185
x
x^3&-(a+c)x^2&-(a^2&+c^2)x+a^3&+a^2&c+ac^2&+c^3 x&+2
x-b a x^3&+ax&-6 x+2

b c
x 1 x

( x 3)
12x&-4 12x 12x&+4
12x&+8 12x&+12

184
2 a b c
(14^2&+2 14)^2&-18 (14^2&+2 14)+45 186
=a b c (x^3&+x^2&-5x&+3)
a+b+c+ x
56 58 60 1 x
62 64 ( x 1)
4(x^2&-x) 4(x^2&-1)
4x^2& 4(x^2&+1)
4(x^2&+x)

72
 x^2=-1
-1

n n
 #
$# $#

" !"
= -&1a~ ^2=-1
$# $#
!#

ax^2&+bx+c=0 (a 0) ax^2&+bx+c=0 (a 0)
-b b^2 &
x= + =-b
a
/ =/
a
2a
 i

x^2=&-1 0
x^2=&-1 i i

i
-1 i i
= &-1a~ ^2=&-1
a 0
&-aa = a& &-a a&

i m

i
1-5a~ 1-9a~ 1-1a8q~

15&~i 3~i 312~i

001
&-3 &-4 & -8

x x

-&3a=±13~i -&4a=±2~i -&8a=±212~i

26
002
&-2 &-25 &-28

76
 i

a b a&+b a+bi

a b `

a&+b (b 0) 0 b (b 0)

a b a+b
a b=0
g b a=0 b 0
a+b Õ
a+b a 0 b 0

0 =0 a a=a+0
0 ( )^2& 0 ( )^2 0

003

i
0 12 &- 15 1&+12~ &+ 3
13

0 1&+ 2
i
2&- 15& + 3
13
2 4
26
004

- 2 5&+ 2 &-3 7 &-1&-4 11

1 77
 a b c d
a&+b =0 LL a=0 b=0 a&+b =c&+ LL a=c b=

005 (1&+ )x&+(1&- )y=4&+2 x y

a+b
(1&+ )x&+(1&- )y=x&+x &+y&-y =(x&+y)&+(x&-y)
(x&+y)&+(x&-y) =4&+2
x&+y=4 x&-y=2
x=3 y=1

26
006 (2&+ )x+(1&- )y-5- =0 x y

007 x
1-
+
y
1+
=1&-3 x y

a&+b
x y x(1&+ )&+y(1&- ) x&+x &+y&-y x+y x-y
+ = = = + i
1- 1&+ (1&- )(1&+ ) 1^2&- ^2 2 2
x&+y x&-y
` + =1&-3
2& 2
x&+y x&-y
=1 =&-3 `x&+y=2 x&-y=&-6
2 2
x=&-2 y=4

26
x y
008 +
1&+ & 1-
=2&- x y

78
 a&+bi (a b a&-bi a&+bi
a&+bi
a&+bi=a&-bi a&-bi=a&+bi

z z
z &+z =z &+z z &-z =z &-z

z z
z &z =z \
& z Ñ Òg= z 0
z z

z zq z (bar)
z zq z+zq zzq

i ^2 ^2=&-1

a b c d
: (a&+bi)&+(c&+di)=(a&+c)&+(b&+d)i
: (a&+bi)&-(c&+di)=(a&-c)&+(b&-d)i
: (a&+bi)(c&+di)=(ac&-bd)&+(ad&+bc)i
a&+bi (a&+bi)(c&-di) ac&+bd bc&-ad
: = = &+ i c&+ 0
c&+di (c&+di)(c&-di) c^2&+ ^2 c^2&+ ^2

1
1&+ 2+ 3& i 8i 2+ 5& i
2 z z=3&-5
z&+zq zzq

1 1&-i 2&-rt3& &-8i &2-rt5& i

2 z+z=(3&-5 )&+(3&+5 )=6
zz=(3&-5 )(3&+5 )=9&-25 ^2=9&+25=34

1 79
 009 .

(2&-3 )&+(&-4&+5 ) /&+/& &- & -1

/

3&+2
(1&+2 )(2&-3 )
3&-2

^2 ^2=&-1

=(2&-4)&+(&-3&+5) =&-2&+2i

= /&+1
/ &+ /&-1 =7
/&-1
3&i
/

=2&-3 &+4 &-6 ^2=2&-3 &+4 &+6=8&+i

(3&+2 )^2 3^2&+12 &+(2 )^2 9&+12 &-4
= = = =/
1
3&+/
1
3&&
(3&-2 )(3&+2 ) 3^2&-(2 )^2 9&+4

26
010
(4&- 2 & )+(3&+ 2 ) (9&+6 )&-(5-2 )
1 2&-
(1&- 2 & )(2&+ 2 ) +
2-3 & 3&+2

011 z=1&+
zz
z-z&
( z z )

z=a&+b z=a&-b

z=1&+ , z=1&-
zz (1&- )(1&+ )
=
z-z (1&+ )&-(1&- )
1&+1 i
= =1
/= =&-~i
2i ^2

26
012 z=2&-4 zz+(z&+z) ( z z )

80
013 x y 3&-2 5&+5
(x&+3)(y&+3) ( x y x y )

(x+3)(y&+3) x& y=x&y x+&y=x+y

(x&+3)(y&+3)=x y&+3x&+3y&+9=x& y&+3(x& y&)+9=xy&+3(x&+y)&+9

x&+y=3&-2 xy=5&+5
x&+y=3&+2 xy=5&-5

(5&-5 )&+3(3&+2 )&+9=23&+~i

26
014 - =3&+3 =5&-4 ( -4)( +4)
( & )

015 =1&+2 =2&-3 &+ +

& &+ &
( )

+
& +
& +
& = (& +
& )&+ ( +
& )
=( +
& )( +
& )
=( +
& )( )

&+ =(1+2 )+(2-3 )=(1+2)+(2-3) =3-

=3-~i=3+

(3&- )(3&+ )=9&- ^2=10

26
016 =&-5&+7 &=3&-8 & + + &+
( & )

1 81
 1-2a 1-3a
1-aa= a&

a b
a<0 b<0 a& b=&- a
a<0 b<0 a& b= a
a
a>0 b<0 =&- /
a
b
b
a
a>0 b<0 = a
b
/ b 0)
b

1-2a 1-5a= ( (x-5)x= 1

1-2a 1-5a= 2& 5& = 1 & ^2=&- 1

017
1-2&a
2& 1
& -3a~=1-6a~~ 1-2a~1-3a = 6 = -/f~
3
2& 1-2a&
= -/f~ = /
1-3a 1-3a

1-1a~ ~

2 1-3a= 2 3& = 6& =1-6a

1-2a~1-3a= 2& 3& = 6&& ^2=&- 6
1-2a 2&
= = / =4-/f~
3 3
2 2& 2&&
= = =&- /& =-4-/ f&
1-3a 3 3 ^2
1-2a 2& 2
= = = /
1-3a 3 3

27
018
&-36z~ 3
1-2a &-18z& + &-2a 2&+ +
&-9a~ & 9a~
-
1&+ &-1a &
(3&- -
& 2a)(3&+ -
& 2a)&+
1- &-1a~

82
 i
^2=&-1 i
i ^2 ^3 ^4 i &-1 &- 1

#
$# $#
i & -1 , 1 .
^2=&-1 ^4=1
i . " !"

$# $#
^2 ^3 ^4
!#
       

-1 &- 1 &-1 &- 1

i 4

( ) 4 i -1 - 1 4 0
&+ ^2&+ ^3&+ ^4=0 &+ &+ ^2&+ ^3=0
1 1 1
/&+
1 + + =0 ^3&+ ^2&+ &+1=0
^2 ^3 ^4

( n )
^4 ^3

( ^4)^2& =i ^4 & ^3=1 ^3=&-i

019
(1- )^2 1-
Ñ
i 2

^2=-1

1-2 -1
= =&-2
i
1- & 1-2 -1
= = =(- ) = & =(& ^4) ^2& & ^2=-1
2 2

27
020
(1+ )^2 1- 1+
Ñ &+ &
i 2 2

1 83
 i

021 .
1 1 1
&+ ^2&+ ^3&+ ^4&+ & + ^3 1&+1
/&+ &+ + &+
^2 ^3&

n 4 k
^4 =1 ^4 & = ^4 ^2=-1 ^4 ^3=-

=( &+ ^2&+ ^3&+ ^4)&+( &+ &+ &+ )+ &&

+( ^2 &+ ^2 &+ ^2 &+ ^2 )&+( ^2 &+ ^3 )
=( &-1&- &+1)&+( &-1&- &+1)&+ & +( &-1&- &+1)&+( &-1)
=0&+0&+ & +0&+( &-1)
=&-1&+i
1 1 1
/+ + + =0
&1
^2 ^3 ^4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
=1&+ 1
/&+ + + Ò&+ + + + +
^2 ^3 ^4
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + + + &+ +
^4 ^4 ^4 ^4 ^4
1
=1&+0&+0&+ &+0&+1
/&+ =1
/=&-i
^2

27
022 &+ ^2&+ ^3&+ ^4&+ &+

023 a b &-2 ^2&+3 ^3&-4 ^4&+ &-10 =a&+b a b

4
&-2 ^2&+3 ^3&-4 ^4&+ &-10 =( &+2&-3 &-4)&+(5 &+6&-7 &-8)&+(9 &+10)
=(&-2&-2 )&+(&-2&-2 )&+(9 &+10)=6+5
6&+5 =a+b
a=6 b=5

27
024 a b - &+2 ^2&-3 ^3&+4 ^4&+ &+40 ^4 =a&+b b&-a

84
 -1+ 3& -1- 3& x^2 y ^2
025 x=&
2
y=&
2 y
+
x

-1+ 3& -1- 3& -2

x&+y=& +& =& =&-1
2 2 2

-1+ 3& -1- 3& 1-3 ~^2

xy= \& = =1
2 2 4

x^2 y ^2 x^3&+y^3 (x+y)^3&-3xy(x+y)

+ = =
y x xy xy
(-1)^3&-3 1 (-1)
= =2
1

27
026 x=2&+ y=2&- /+/
x

027 x=1+2 x^3&-x^2&+4x+4

x x x
x

x=1+2 x&-1=2 x^2&-2x&+1=&-4

`x^2=2x&-5
x x^3=2x^2&-5x

x^3=2(2x&-5)&-5x=&-x&-10

x^3&-x^2&+4x&+4=(&-x&-10)&-(2x&-5)&+4x&+4
=x&-1=(1&+2 )&-1=2i

27
028 x=1&- x^3&-x^2&+3x&-1

-
& 1a~ i~ ^2=&-1
x=a+b (a b )

1 85
 27

029 032
+ =1&+
3 3 + + +
-2 -2 1 ( )
0
-5 -5
a=0 b 0 a+b

033

5 -&32z
z= + -&4a -&9a- 2 -&8a+
030 -&6a 8
x y (x&+ )^2&+(2&+3 )^2=y&+26 z
x&+y ( z z )

031
z z 034
z=(1&+ )
z+z=-10 zz=34
n z
z

86
 ax=b
x x

ax=b
ax=b a 0 a=0 .

a 0 , x=b
a
/

b 0 ( )
a=0 ,Õ
b=0 & ( )

x x ax=b

a 0 a x=b
a
/
a=0 a b 0 b=0
a=0 b 0
0 x=b x

a=0 b=0
0 x=0 x

ax=b a 0
ax=b a=0 a 0
ax=b a 0

9x+2=7x+8
5x+5=5x-5
2x-(6-6x)=8x-6

ax=b
2x=6 x=3
0 x=-10
0 x=0

1 87
 ax=b

035 x a(x-1)=3x+5

ax=b a=0 a 0
a=0
0 x=1 0 x=0

ax-a=3x+5 (a-3)x=a+5
a+5
a 3 x=
a-3
a=3 0 x=8

28
036 x
a(x+1)=x-2 a^2&x+6x+2=a(5x+1)

ax=b

037 x (a^2&-3)x+a(2x-1)+1=0 a

ax=b a=0
b=0 b 0

(a^2&-3)x+2ax-a+1=0 (a^2&+2a-3)x=a-1
`(a-1)(a+3)x=a-1
x 0
(a-1)(a+3)=0 a=1 a=-3
a=1 0 x=0
a=-3 0 x=-4
a=1

28
038 x a^2&x-a-ax+1=0 a

88
 0
0 |A|=A
A<0 |A|=-A

|x|=a LL x=±a a>0) |x|=|y| LL x=±y

039
|x-1|=3 |x-1|+|x-3|=x+4

!
0 .

0 x=1
x<1 -(x-1)=3 ~x=-2
x 1 x-1=3 ~x=4
x=-2 x=4
0 x=1 x=3
x<1 -(x-1)-(x-3)=x+4 ~x=0
1 x 3 (x-1)-(x-3)=x+4 ~x=-2
1 x 3
x 3 (x-1)+(x-3)=x+4 ~x=8
x=0 x=8

|x-1|=3 x-1=±3 ~x=-2 x=4

28
040
|x-3|=3x-5 |x+2|+|x-2|=2x+2

1 89
 ax^2&+bx+c=0 (a 0 a b c )

x (ax-b)(cx- )=0

(ax-b)(cx- )=0 ax-b=0 cx- =0 x=b

a
/ x=/
c

ax^2&+bx+c=0
-b b^2
x=
2a
ax^2&+2b'x+c=0
-b'±2b'^2&-sacs
x=
a

x
b^2&-4ac 0 x b^2&-4ac 0 x

ax^2&+bx+c=0
ax^2&+bx+c=0

x^2&+b
a&x+/
/ a=0 a

x
x^2&+b
a&x+ a & +/
/ a= a & Ñ Ò
2
b^2
x+ a &+/
a= .
4a^2
b^2&-4ac
Ñx+ a = a
/
4a^2
b^2&-4ac b
x+ a= 5 x^2= x=
4a^2
b^2&-s4acx
x=- a
2a
-b b^2&-s4acx
x=
2a

90
041
30=25x-5x^2 2x^2&-4x+3=0 (x+1)^2=2-x

5
x^2&-5x+6=0 (x-2)(x-3)=0
x=2 x=3

-(-2) ( ^2 3x~ 2 rt2&

x= =
2 2 ( )
x^2&+2x+1=2-x x^2&+3x-1=0

-3 3^2 1x (x-1)x -3 rt1

x= 2 1 = 2

28
042
2x^2&-7x+5=0 24=8x^2&-16x
3x^2&-6x+2=0 (x+2)^2=x-1

043 ( 2& -1)x^2&-( 2&+1)x+2=0

1 -1

2& +1
( 2& -1)( 2& +1)x^2&-( 2&+1)^2&x+2( 2& +1)=0
x^2&-(3+2 2 x+2 2& +2=0 (x-1) x-(2 2&+2) =0
x=1 x=2rt2&+2

29
044 ( 2& +1)x^2&+(3+ 2 )x+ 2=0

1 91
 045 x^2&+ x-1 =1

x 1 x^2&-(x-1)=1 x^2&-x=0
x(x-1)=0 `x=0 x=1
x 1 x=0
x 1 x^2&+(x-1)=1 x^2&+x-2=0
(x+2)(x-1)=0 `x=-2 x=1
x& 1 x=1
x=0 x=1

29
046 x^2&+ 3x-2 =2

047
x^2&-5x =6 x^2&- x -6=0

x =a LL x&= a( a 0)
ax^2&+b x +c=0 LL a x ^2&+b x +c=0

|x^2&-5x =6 x^2&-5x= 6
x^2&-5x=6 x^2&-5x-6=0
(x+1)(x-6)=0 `x=-1 x=6
x^2&-5x=-6 x^2&-5x+6=0
(x-2)(x-3)=0 `x=2 x=3

x=-1 x=2 x=3 x=6

x^2= x ^2 x ^2&- x -6=0
( x +2)( x -3)=0
|x +2 0 x =3 `x=±3

29
048
x^2&-2x-1 =2 x^2&-3 x -4=0

92
 ax^2&+bx+c=0 D

=b^2&-4ac /=b ^2&-ac b =b

/

a b c ax^2&+bx+c=0
=b^2&-4ac 0 LL
& 0 LL
=b^2&-4ac=0 LL
=b^2&-4ac 0 LL

D . ?
.

-z 3
x^2&+ x-1=0 ^2&-4 1 (-1)=-1+4=3 & 0 x=
2

049 /
1&x^2&+(a-1)x+a^2&-1=0 , a

=b^2&-4ac

/&x^2&+(a-1)x+a^2&-1=0
1 D

=(a-1)^2&-4 /
1 (a^2&-1)=-2a+2

=-2a+2 0 a<1 =-2a+2=0 a=1

=-2a+2 0 a>1 =-2a+2 0 a 1

29
050 2x^2&-10x+a-10=0 a

1 93
 051 x^2&-4ax+4a^2&-a-3=0 x^2&+4x-a+6=0
a

( & 0) ( & 0)

x^2&-4ax+4a^2&-a-3=0 D
D
=(-2a)^2&-1 (4a^2&-a-3)=a+3 0 `a -3
4
x^2&+4x-a+6=0 D'

=2^2&-1 (-a+6)=a-2 0 `a 2
4
-3 a 2

29
052 x^2&+2x+a=0 x^2&+6x+a+13=0
a

053 x (a-1)x^2&+(4a-4)x+3a+1 a

!
( 1 ) =0
! 0

a-1 0 `a 1
(a-1)x^2&+(4a-4)x+3a+1=0
D
D
=(2a-2)^2&-(a-1)(3a+1)=0 a^2&-6a+5=0
4
(a-1)(a-5)=0 a=1 a=5
a 5

29
054 x x^2&+(2a+6)x+3a+7 a

94
 k

055 x x^2&+2( +a)x+ ^2&+a^2&+2 -2b+4=0 k

a b

k k =0 =0 k

x^2&+2( +a)x+ ^2&+a^2&+2 -2b+4=0 D

D
=( +a)^2&-1 ( ^2&+a^2&+2 -2b+4)=0
4
(2a-2) +(2b-4)=0
k 2a-2=0 2b-4=0
a=1 b=2

30
056 x x^2&-2( &-a)x+ ^2&+a^2&-4 +b=0 k
a b

057 x^2&+(2+ )x+ +3 =0 k

^2&+(2+ ) + +3 =0
a+bi ( ^2&+2 + )+( +3) =0
k
^2&+2 + =0 +3=0 ` =-3 =-3

D
=(2+ )^2&-4( +3 )=(3-4 )-8 0

30
058 (1+ )x^2&-( +4 )x+ +4 =0 k

1 95
 30

059 062
2x-5 =a 2 (a-1)x^2&+2(a+1)x+(a+2)=0
( a ) a

060 063
2(x+2)(x-6)=x^2& - 13x-32
a 1 x
x^2&-2ax+a^2&-3a+4=0

061
a b a b=ab+a-b 064
x^2&-2(a+ )x+b+2 =0
|x 2 =x x x
a b a+b
( = -&1a )

96
 ax^2&+bx+c=0

: alpha+ =-b
a
/

: alpha =/
a

-b+ b^2 -b- b^2

ax^2&+bx+c=0 = =
2a 2a

-b+ b^2 -b- b^2 -2b

+ = + = =-b
a
/
2a 2a 2a

-b+ b^2 -b- b^2 4ac

= \ = =/
a
2a 2a 4a^2

+ =-b
a
/ =/
a&

.
1 x^2&-( )x+( )=0 .

1
(x- )(x- )=0 x^2&-( + )x+ =0
ax^2&+bx+c=0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x- )(x- )=0

ax^2&+bx+c=0

+ =-b
a
/ =/
a ax^2&+bx+c

ax^2&+bx+c=a x^2&+b
a&x+/
/ a =a x^2&-( + )x+ =a(x- )(x- )

1 97
 065 x^2&-3x-3=0

( +1)( +1) /+/ ^3&+ ^3

x^2&-3x-3=0
+ =3 =-3
( +1)( +1)= +( + )+1=-3+3+1=1
^2&+ ^2 ( + )^2&-2 3^2&-2 (-3)
/+/= = = =-5
-3
^3&+ ^3=( + )^3&-3 ( + )=3^3&-3 (-3) 3=54

31
066 2x^2&-4x+1=0 &
^2 ^2
^2& &+ ^2 ^2&- &+ ^2 +
&

067
2x^2&- x+12=0 3:2
5x^2&- x-20=0 4

:n &
k +

3 2 `( 0)

3 +2 =/ `10 =

3 2 =6 ^2=1 ` =1
=10
+4

+( +4)=/ `10 +20=

( +4)=-4 ^2&+4 +4=0 ( +2)^2&=0 ` =-2

=0

31
068 3x^2&- x+12=0 3

98
069 1

/ /
1 2+ 2 2- 2 -1+2 -1-2

1
x^2&-( )x+( )=0

x^2&- 1
/+/ &x+1
/ /=0 x^2&-2x+/=0

x^2&-(2+ 2& +2&- 2)x+(2+ 2 (2&- 2 )=0

x^2&-4x+2=0
x^2&-(&-1+2 &-1&-2 )x+(&-1+2 )(&-1&-2 )=0
x^2&+2x+5=0

31
070 1

/ /
1 -1+2 5 -1-2 5 3+ 3-

071 x^2&-5x+7=0
1
+1 +1 ^2 ^2

1 x^2&-&( + )x+ =0

x^2&-5x+7=0
+ =5 =7
( +1)+( +1)= + +2=5+2=7
( +1)( +1)= + + +1=7+5+1=13
x^2&-7x+13=0
^2&+ ^2=( + )^2&-2 =5^2&-2 7=11
^2& ^2=( )^2=7^2=49
x^2&-11x+49=0

31
072 x^2&-4x+1=0 1

+ / /

1 99
 a b c
+ -
p 0
a b c
+ -
p 0 = &-1a~

0 + q - q + -
ax^2&+bx+c=0
b^2 b^2
=- a+ =- a-
2a 2a
a b c b^2
= + q = - q ( p 0 q )
a b c b^2
= + = - ( p 0 = -&1a )

073 x^2&-2 x+ =0 2+3 n

+ - ~ `( p
0 )
+ - `( p 0
= &-1a~ )

2+3 2-3

(2+3 )+(2-3 )=2

`m=2
(2+3 )(2-3 )=
`n=13

31
074 x^2&+ x+ =0 3+2 2 n

100
 32

075 078
x^2&+2x+3=0 alpha beta x^2&+3x&+1=0 alpha beta
2alpha 2beta 1 1
+ alpha+ beta+
alpha+1 beta+1 beta alpha
1

076 079
x^2&-4x-7=0 alpha beta x^2&+ax+b=0 alpha beta

alpha^2&+4beta x^2&+(b-2)x+a=0
alpha+1 beta+1 a b ab

077
x^2&-7x+a=0 2 5 080
b-3i
x^2&+ax-2a+3=0 x^2&-8x+a=0
1-i
( a ) a b a+b
( b≠3)

1 101
 1

i i=rt&-1a i~^2=&-1 a>0 rt&-aa~=rtai

a b c d
a&+bi=0 NLO a=0 b=0 a&+bi=c&+di NLO a=c b=d

z=a+bi (a b ) ^-z=5a+bi=a-bi

anot=0 x=b
a
/ ( )
ax=b bnot=0 .
a=0 Õ
b=0 .

0
a≥0 |a|=a
a<0 |a|=&-a

-b±rtb^2-4ac
ax^2&+bx&+c=0 x=&
2a
-b'±2b&'^2&w-acx
ax^2&+2b'x&+c=0 x=&
a
a b c ax^2&+bx&+c=0 D
D=b^2&-4ac>0
D=b^2&-4ac=0 ( )
D=b^2&-4ac<0

ax^2&+bx&+c=0 alpha beta

: alpha&+beta=&-b
a
/

: alphabeta=c
a
/

alpha beta 1
(x-alpha)(x-beta)=0 x^2&-(alpha+beta)x+alphabeta=0
ax^2&+bx+c=0 alpha beta
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)=0

102
 1
33

STEP 1 084
1-i
081 z=
1+i
z+z^3&+z^5&+z^7&+z^9
a-2i
1
3+i
i -i 0
a
1 -1

082
x=2+i y=2-i x^4&+x^2&y^2&+y^4 085
( i=rt-&1a ) 2 3 100
1
/
i+ + + .c3 + =a+bi
i~^2 i~^3 i~100
9 10 11
a b a+b
12 13

083 086
||x&-1|&-3|=2
z=k(1&+i)&-3&+i z^2
x
k

1 103
087 STEP 2

(k-2)x^2&+(k+3)x+ak+b+1=0
090
1
k 1 alpha beta alpha^-=2
beta
& alpha+ =3i
alpha
a b a+b beta 2
+
2& beta
( ^-
alpha ^-
beta alpha beta )

091
z_1 z_2 z_1&z_1=z_2&z_2=3
z_1&+z_2
z_1&+z_2=&-6&+9i
088 z_1&z_2
x a(1+x^2)+2bx+c(1-x^2) ( &z_1 &z_2 z_1 z_2 )
a b c

092
x^2&i+
& y^2&-10+3ix-y-13i=2+3i
x y x+y

093
089 0 a b c
x^2&-6x&+4=0 alpha beta rtc
rtartb=-rtartb =-rtc
a
/
beta alpha rta
+
alpha^2&-5alpha+4& beta^2&-5beta&+4 rta^2&+rt(b-c)^2&w-rtc^2&+|c-b|

a-c a+2b-c
-a+c -a-2b-c
-a-2b+c

104
 1
33

094 097
1 x^2&+ax+b=0
n z=i~^n&+
i~^n
a -2 8
z .
b
-3-rt3&i -3+rt3&i

095
f(x)=0 alpha beta
alpha+beta=2 alphabeta=-6
f(3x-4)=0 098
x^2&-3x&+k=0 alpha beta
|alpha|&+|beta|=5 k
alpha^2&+beta^2&+k

096
A D
Q
2 ABCD
BC CD 099
P Q B P C
x x^2&-px+p+19=0

APQ 2

BP p

1 105
 !$%'"(#)&*+,
!$%"& !

* +
'#-.,) "
,
!"#$%$&"%'()
! # "

" ! # $ ! " # $
 y=f(x) f(x) x f(x)

ax&+b ( a≠0)
ax^2&+bx&+c ( a≠0)
y=f(x)=k l
ax^3&+bx^2&+cx+d ( a≠0)

y=ax+b a y b
:a y
a>0
a>0
b
a=0 x a=0

a<0 O x
a<0
|a| y
y :b a>0 y b>0
b=0
b>0 y
b<0
b=0 y
O x
b<0 y

" "$%!&'
x y
x y " '

#
x y
! !
()
+
*
x theta

!
( )=tan theta
x y
x x x y=0 x
y : y y x=0 y

m (x_1, y_1)
y-y_1=m(x-x_1)

2 107
 100 a<0 b>0 y=ax+b

!
#
a
y b y
y=ax+b
3 ! "

36
101 a>0 b<0 y=ax+b

( )=tan theta

102 y=(a-1)x+b-2 x 45*

y -1 a b

x theta
( )=tan theta

x 45*
( )=a-1=tan 45*
a-1=1 .t3~a=2
y -1 b-2=-1 .t3~b=1

rt3
tan 30*= tan 45*=1 tan 60*=rt3
3

36
103 y=(a+2)x-2b+7 x 60*
y 3 a b

108
104 f(x)=2mx-m+3 0≤x≤1 m

f(x) 0≤x≤1

$ $
y=f(x) x

" ! # " ! #
f(0)>0 f(1)>0
-m+3>0 2m-m+3>0
-3<m<3

36
105 f(x)=mx-2m+2 1<x<4 m

106 f(x)=mx-2m+4 0≤x≤3 m

f(x) 0≤x≤3

! $ $ "
y=f(x)
f(0) f(3) % " # ! % #
f(0)f(3)<0
(-2m+4)(m+4)<0 (m-2)(m+4)>0
.t3`m<-4 m>2

36
107 f(x)=mx+2m+1 -1<x<1 m

( )>0
g
( )<0

2 109
 hap cup

!
y=ax^2
y "#$

a>0 hap

! &
a<0 cup
|a| y

"%$

!$%'"(#)&*+,
!$%"& !
y=a(x-m)^2&+n
y=a(x-m)^2&+n
y=ax^2 x m
'#-.,)
,
y n
: (m, n)
! # "
: x=m

y=ax^2&+bx+c
y=ax^2&+bx+c
b^2&-4ac
=a(x+b
2
/
a^)^^2&-
4a
b^2&-4ac
: (-b
2
/
a, - Ò
4a

: x=-b
2
/
a

y y :c

!
y=ax^2
a

a>0 hap a<0 cup ! "

|a| y
a<0 |a| a
a > >0> >

(m n) y=a(x-m)^2&+n
x x alpha beta y=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)
y=ax^2&+bx+c

110
 y=ax^2&+bx&+c a b c

a :
hap a>0
" "
# ! #
cup a<0

b :

y a b
y a b ! $

c :y y
y y c>0
y y c<0

y -b
2
/
a<0 2
/
b
a>0 a b

y -b
2
/
a>0 2
/
b
a<0 a b

108
y=x^2&-4x&+3 y=&-2x^2&-4x&+6

&
y=x^2&-4x&+3
=(x^2&-4x&+4&-4)&+3 $
=(x&-2)^2&-1
! #
" $ %
(&2 -1) x=&2
!"

'
$
y=&-2x^2&-4x&+6
=&-2(x^2&+2x&+1&-1)&+6 %
=&-2(x&+1)^2&+8
(&-1 8) x=&-1

!# !" ! " &

36
109
y=x^2&+6x&+5 y=-x^2&+2x&+8

2 111
 110 y=3x^2&+6x&+2

y=3x^2&+6x&+2=3(x^2&+2x&+1&-1)&+2=3(x&+1)^2&-1 %

(&-1 &-1)
x=&-1 #

!"
! $
!"

36
111 y=2x^2&-8x&+3

#
112 y=ax^2&+bx&+c

a b c
a&+b&+c 4a&+2b&+c a&+2b&+4c ! ! "

a b c

cup a<0
y a b b>0
y y c>0
x=1 y>0 a&+b&+c>0
x=2 y=0 4a&+2b&+c=0

x=1
2
/ y>0 4&a&+1
/
1 2&b&+c>0
/

.t3`a&+2b&+4c=4(1
4&a&+1
/ 2&b&+c^)>0
/

36
113 y=ax^2&+bx&+c y

a b c
-1 O x
a-b&+c 4a-2b&+c a-2b&+4c

112
114 a<0 b>0 c>0 y=cx^2&+bx&+a

y=cx^2&+bx&+a c>0 hap "

c b y

! !
a<0 y y

37
115 a>0 b>0 c<0 y=cx^2&+bx+a

116
(1 -2) (3 -6)
x x 1 2 (3 4)
(0 1) (1 2) (-1 -2)

(1 &-2) y=a(x&-1)^2&-2 (a
(3 &-6)
4a&-2=&-6 a=&-1 .t3`y=&-(x&-1)^2&-2
x x 1 2 y=a(x&-1)(x&-2) (a
(3 4) 2a=4 .t3`a=2
.t3`y=2(x&-1)(x&-2)
y=ax^2&+bx&+c (a b c (0 1) (1 2)
(&-1 &-2)
c=1 a&+b&+c=2 a&-b&+c=&-2 .t3 a=&-1 b=2 c=1
.t3`y=&-x^2&+2x&+1

37
117
(-2 3) (-1 -1)
x (-1 0) (2 0) y (0 -6)
(0 0) (1 1) (2 8)

2 113
 118 y=x^2&-2ax&+2a&+3 1 a

(m n) 1 m>0 n>0

y=x^2&-2ax&+2a&+3=(x^2&-2ax&+a^2&-a^2)&+2a&+3
=(x&-a)^2&-a^2&+2a&+3
(a &-a^2&+2a&+3) 1
a>0 (.c3.c3 ) &-a^2&+2a&+3>0&
-a^2&+2a&+3>0 a^2&-2a&-3<0
(a&+1)(a&-3)<0& .t3`-1<a<3 .c3.c3`
0<a<3

37
119 y=x^2&-2mx&+m+2 3 m

120 y=x^2&+ax-a a P P
a

a a ( )a+( )=0

a
a(x&-1)&+(x^2&-y)=0
a
x&-1=0 x^2&-y=0 .t3`x=1 y=1
P (1 1)
y=x^2&+ax&-a=(x&-1)^2&+1=x^2&-2x&+2 .t3`a=&-2

37
121 y=x^2&+mx-2m m P P
m

114
 x

%
122 y=1
4&x^2&-ax&+b
/
a b
!" ! # $

(-6 0) (2 0)

y=1
4&x^2&-ax&+b=1
/ 4(x&+6)(x&-2)=1
/ 4&x^2&+x&-3
/

.t3`a=&-1 b=&-3

37
$
123 y=-1
2&x^2&+ax&+b
/

! ! " #
a b

124 y=ax^2&+bx&+c x (1, 0) (-3, 0)

y=x-1 a b c

x (1, 0) (-3, 0) (1, 0) (-3, 0)

(1 0) (-3 0)
y=ax^2&+bx&+c=a(x&-1)(x&+3)=a(x^2&+2x&-3) .c3.c3`
=a(x&+1)^2&-4a
(&-1 &-4a) y=x&-1 &

-4a=&-1&-1 .t3`a=1
2
/

y=1
2(x^2&+2x&-3)=1
/ 2&x^2&+x&-3
/ /
2 b=1 c=&-3
2
/

37
125 y=ax^2&+bx+c x (-4, 0) (2, 0)
y=-2x+7 a b c

x y

2 115
 38

126 129
f(x)=mx-15 3≤x≤5 y=x^2-2mx+2m+24
m 2 m

127
y=f(x) %

f(5)
#$ ! " !
130
2 4 #" y=x^2&+2ax+a+1
6 8 y=x+1 a
10

128
y

y=ax^2&+bx+c 131
(1 -4) (2 -3)
-3 O 1 x x
A B y C
ab>0 bc<0 ABC
a+b+c=0 4a-2b+c>0
a+2b+4c<0

116
 x

(x y)

x
y=ax^2&+bx&+c x x
* +
"
ax^2&+bx&+c=0

!"#$%$&"%'()

x y=0 y=ax^2&+bx&+c x x
y=ax^2&+bx&+c
Õ (x y) x
&y=0
ax^2&+bx&+c=0

y=ax^2&+bx&+c x ax^2&+bx&+c=0
D y=ax^2&+bx&+c
x x ax^2&+bx&+c=0

D>0 D=0 D<0

( )

!
a>0
! !

!
y=ax^2&+bx+c
!
!
a<0

2 1 0

2 1 0

y=ax^2&+bx&+c x ax^2&+bx&+c=0 D
D≥0

2 117
 x

132 x
y=x^2&+4x&-5 y=16x^2&-8x+1 y=x^2&-2x+2

x y=0

y=x^2&+4x&-5 y=0 x^2&+4x&-5=0

(x&+5)(x&-1)=0 .t3`x=&-5 x=1
(&-5 0) (1 0)
y=16x^2&-8x&+1 y=0

16x^2&-8x&+1=0 (4x&-1)^2=0 .t3`x=1

4
/

(1
4 0Ò
/

y=x^2&-2x&+2 y=0 x^2&-2x&+2=0

x=1&±i

39
133 x
y=x^2&-4x-12 y=x^2&+6x&+9 y=x^2&-4x&+6

134 x
y=x^2&-4x&+2 y=&-9x^2&+12x&-4 y=x^2&-3x&+4

x^2&-4x&+2=0 D
D
=(&-2)^2&-1\2=2>0 2
4
-9x^2&+12x&-4=0 9x^2&-12x&+4=0 D
D
=(&-6)^2&-9\4=0 1
4
x^2&-3x&+4=0 D
D=(&-3)^2&-4\1\4=&-7<0 0

39
135 x

y=&-8x^2&+6x&-3 y=3x^2&+8x&-2 y=1

2&x^2&+x&+/
/ 1
2

118
 x

136 y=x^2&+ax+a x a

x^2&+ax+a=0 D
D=a^2&-4a=a(a-4)
D=a(a-4)>0 .t3`a<0 a>4
D=a(a-4)=0 .t3`a=0 a=4
D=a(a-4)<0 .t3`0<a<4

39
137 y=x^2&-ax+4a x a

138 y=x^2&-2x+3a x y=x^2&+2ax+1

x a

par
r1 : D≥0 par
r2 : D<0

x^2&-2x+3a=0 D_1
D_1
=(-1)^2&-3a≥0 .t3`a≤1
3
/ ……
4
x^2&+2ax+1=0 D_2
D_2
=a^2&-1<0 (a+1)(a-1)<0
4
.t3`-1<a<1 ……

-1<a≤1
3
/

39
139 y=x^2&+4x-2a x y=8x^2&-2ax+2
x a

2 119
 k

140 y=x^2&-2(a+k)x+k^2&-2k+b k x
a b

k x
k ( )=D=0
D=0 k
D=0 ( )k+( )=0

x
x^2&-2(a&+k)x&+k^2&-2k&+b=0 D
D
=&{-(a&+k)}^2&-(k^2&-2k&+b)=0
4
a^2&+2ak&+k^2&-k^2&+2k&-b=0 .t3`(2a&+2)k&+a^2&-b=0
k
2a&+2=0 a^2&-b=0
a=&-1 b=1

39
141 y=x^2&-2ax+ak+6k+b k x
a b

142 y=2x^2&-(a+3)x+b x x -2 3
a b

y=2x^2&-(a+3)x+b x x & -2 3
2x^2&-(a+3)x+b=0 & -2 3

a+3
&-2+3= -2\3=b
2
/
2
.t3`a=&-1 b=&-12

40
143 y=5x^2&+ax&+b x x -1 2 a b

120
 y=ax^2&+bx&+c y=mx&+n
x

"
ax^2&+bx&+c=mx&+n

!"#$$%&"%'()"%*

x
y=ax^2&+bx&+c y=mx&+n x
y=ax^2&+bx&+c
Õ (x y) x
y=mx&+n
ax^2&+bx&+c=mx&+n

y=x^2 y=2x-1 x

y=x^2 y=2x-1
x^2=2x-1 x^2&-2x+1=0
(x-1)^2=0 .t3 x=1
x 1

y=ax^2&+bx&+c y=mx&+n
ax^2&+bx&+c=mx&+n ax^2&+(b-m)x+c&-n=0 D

D>0 D=0 D<0

( )

y=ax^2&+bx+c (a>0)

y=mx+n (m>0)

2 1 0

2 1 0

2 121
 144 y=x^2&-2x&-3 y=x&-5

x^2&-2x&-3=x&-5
x^2&-3x&+2=0 (x&-1)(x&-2)=0 .t3`x=1 x=2
y=x&-5
x=1 y=&-4 x=2 y=&-3
(1 &-4) (2 &-3)

40
145 y=x^2&+x&+1 y=2x&+3 .

146
y=x^2&-x&+2 y=2x&+1
y=4x^2&-x&-1 y=3x&-2
y=x^2&+2x&+1 y=4x&-1

x^2&-x&+2=2x&+1 x^2&-3x&+1=0 D
D=(&-3)^2&-4\1\1=5>0
2
4x^2&-x&-1=3x&-2 4x^2&-4x&+1=0 D
D
=(&-2)^2&-4\1=0
4
1
x^2&+2x&+1=4x&-1 x^2&-2x&+2=0 D
D
=(&-1)^2&-1\2=&-1<0
4
0

40
147
y=x^2&+1 y=4x
y=x^2&-1 y=6x&-10
y=x^2&-2x y=x&-3

122
148 y=x^2&-4x+5 y=ax&-4
a

x^2&&-4x+5=ax&-4
x^2&-(a+4)x+9=0
D
D=&{-(a+4)}^2&-4\1\9=a^2&+8a&-20=(a+10)(a&-2)
D=(a+10)(a&-2)>0 .t3`a<&-10 a>2
D=(a+10)(a&-2)=0 .t3`a=&-10 a=2
D=(a+10)(a&-2)<0 .t3&`-10<a<2

40
149 y=x^2 y=x+a a

150 y=&-x^2&+2x&-2 y=mx&-1 m

.
par
r1 : D≥0 par
r2 : D<0

& -x^2&+2x&-2=mx&-1
x^2&+(m&-2)x&+1=0
D
D=(m&-2)^2&-4=m^2&-4m=m(m&-4)

D=m(m&-4)≥0 .t3`m≤0 m≥4

40
151 y=&-x^2&+x&-1 y=mx m

2 123
 152 y=x^2&-2x+3 2

y=2x+a D=0

2 y=2x+a (a
x^2&-2x+3=2x+a .t3 x^2&-4x+3&-a=0
D
D
=(&-2)^2&-(3&-a)=0 1+a=0 .t3`a=&-1
4
y=2x&-1

40
153 y=-x^2&+2x -1

154 y=x^2&-ax+b y=2x&-3 x

2&-rt5 a b

x^2&-ax+b=2x-3 .t3 x^2&-(a+2)x+b+3=0

2-rt5~ 2+rt5~

(2-rt5&)+(2+rt5&)=a+2 a+2=4 .t3`a=2

(2-rt5&)(2+rt5&)=b+3 b+3=-1 .t3`b=-4

40
155 y=x^2&+ax y=x&+b x 3&+rt2
a b

124
 41

156 159
y=3x^2-12x-9 x y=3x^2-8x-k
x alpha beta alpha^3+beta^3 y=2x-3
x 2 k

157 160
y=x^2+ax+b (-1 9) y=x^2&-2ax+a^2&-1 a
x a b y=mx+n
a+b ( a<0) m n m+n

158 161
y=x^2&-6x+12 y=x^2+ax+5 x
y=2x+k k 4 a

2 125
 f(x)=a(x-m)^2&+n a a

x
x
a>0 a<0
# !
%&' %&'

$
! # "
! " !

x
y=a(x-m)^2&+n
a>0 hap x=m n
a<0 cup x=m n

x
x

" ! # $ ! " # $

x
y=a(x-m)^2&+n (alpha≤x≤beta)

126
162
y=3x^2&+6x+8 y=-x^2&+4x+3

y=3x^2&+6x+8=3(x^2&+2x+1-1)+8
=3(x+1)^2&+5
x=-1 5
y=-x^2&+4x+3=-(x^2&-4x+4-4)+3
=-(x-2)^2&+7
x=2 7

42
163
y=x^2&-6x-2 y=-2x^2&-4x-2

164 y=-x^2&+2ax+b x=4 9 a b

a+b

x=m n (m, n)
(m, n) y=ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-m)^2&+n

(4 9)
y=-x^2&+2ax+b=-(x-4)^2&+9
.t3`-x^2&+2ax+b=-x^2&+8x-7
2a=8 b=-7 .t3`a=4 b=-7
.t3`a+b=-3

42
165 y=x^2&-ax+b x=1 8 a b ab

2 127
 166 x
y=x^2&-4x+9 (0≤x≤3)
y=-x^2&+2x+6 (2≤x≤4)

y=x^2&-4x+9=(x-2)^2&+5 y

0≤x≤3 9

6
5
x=0 9 x=2 5

O 23 x

'
&
%
y=-x^2&+2x+6=-(x-1)^2&+7
2≤x≤4

#
! ! " (
x=2 6 x=4 -2
$"

42
167
y=x^2&-2x-2 (0≤x≤4)
y=-x^2&+4x+5 (-1≤x≤1)

168 1≤x≤2 y=x^2&-6x+a 3 a

y=x^2&-6x+a=(x-3)^2&-9+a

1≤x≤2 x=2

! " # $
3
2^2&-6\2+a=3 a-8=3 .t3`a=11

42
169 0≤x≤3 y=x^2&-2x+a 2 a

128
 x y
2
( )^2->0 ( )->0

x y
( )^2&+( )^2&+k ( )^2≥0

x y

x :y D D≥0
y :x D D≥0

y=x^2&-2x+4=(x^2&-2x+1-1)+4=(x-1)^2&+3
(x-1)^2&≥0 y 3

y=x^2&-2x+4 x x^2-2x+4-y=0
x x x^2&-2x+4-y=0
x^2&-2x+4-y=0 D
D
=(-1)^2&-(4-y)≥0
4
1&-4+y≥0 .t3`y≥3 y 3

x y x y

( )=k x
D D≥0 k

2 129
 x y

170 x y x^2&+2y^2&-2x+4y+5

x x ,y y . !

x^2&+2y^2&-2x+4y+5=(x^2&-2x)+2(y^2&+2y)+5
=(x^2-2x+1-1)+2(y^2+2y+1-1)+5
=(x-1)^2&+2(y+1)^2&+2
x y (x-1)^2≥0 (y+1)^2≥0
x=1 y=-1 2

42
171 x y 3x^2&+y^2&+6x&-2y-3

x y

172 x y x^2&+4y^2&-2x+16y+13=0
x y

x :y D D≥0
y :x D D≥0

y 4y^2&+16y+(x^2&-2x+13)=0
D
y D =8^2&-4(x^2&-2x+13)≥0
4
x^2&-2x-3≤0 (x+1)(x-3)≤0 .t3`-1≤x≤3
x 3 -1
x x^2&-2x+(4y^2&+16y+13)=0
D
x D =(-1)^2&-(4y^2&+16y+13)≥0
4
y^2&+4y+3≤0 (y+3)(y+1)≤0 .t3`-3≤y≤-1
y -1 -3

42
173 x y x^2&-2xy+2y^2=2
x y

130
174 x y 2x^2&+y^2=6x x^2&+y^2&

par
r1
par y^2
r2 y^2≥0 x

2x^2&+y^2=6x y^2=-2x^2&+6x .c3.c3`

par
r1 x^2&+y^2
x^2&+y^2=x^2&+(-2x^2&+6x)=-x^2&+6x
=-(x-3)^2&+9 .c3.c3` $

par y
r2 y^2≥0 "

-2x^2&+6x≥0 x^2&-3x≤0 x(x-3)≤0

.t3`0≤x≤3 .c3.c3`

! ! # %
x=3 9 x=0 0

42
175 x y x^2&+y^2=4 y^2&-2x

176 x y x^2&+y^2=5 2x+y

( )=k !

2x+y=k (k y=-2x+k
x^2&+y^2=5 x^2&+(-2x+k)^2=5 .t3`5x^2&-4kx+k^2&-5=0
D
x D =(-2k)^2&-5(k^2&-5)≥0
4
k^2&-25≤0 (k+5)(k-5)≤0 .t3`-5≤k≤5 .t3`-5≤2x+y≤5
2x+y 5 -5

43
177 x y 2x^2&+y^2=2 y-x

2 131
 43

178 181
y=x^2+4x+k x y
y=-4x^2+8x-k k 3x^2&+2y^2&-12x&+12y+20
x=a y=b c
a+b+c

179
1≤x≤4 f(x)=2x^2&-12x+k
182
-11 k
x y x+y=4 2x-y^2
M k&M

180
f(x)=x^2-2kx-6k+5 183
-1≤x≤2
g(k) -1≤k≤6 g(k) k=a
y=-(x^2&-2x-1)^2&+6(x^2&-2x-1)-3
b a b
a+b

132
 2

y=a(x-m)^2&+n : (m, n) : x=m

b^2&-4ac
y=ax^2&+bx&+c : (-b
2
/
a, - Ò
4a

: x=-b
2
/
a

y=ax&^2+bx+c x x
x ax^2+bx+c=0

ax^2&+bx&+c=0 D
D>0
x D=0 ( )
D<0

y=ax&^2+bx+c y=mx+n x
ax^2+bx+c=mx+n

y=ax^2&+bx&+c y=mx&+n D
D>0
D=0 ( )
D<0

y=a(x-m)^2&+n a>0 hap x=m n( )

(x ) a<0 cup x=m n( )

y=a(x-m)^2&+n
(alpha≤x≤beta)

x y x y
x y

2 133
STEP 1 187
y=x^2+(2k+2)x+4k+1
184 x y=2x+4
y=x^2&+mx&-3m m
k
P P
m

185 188
y=x^2-ax-3a x y=2x^2&-3x&+3

x 5 (1 2)

y=-x^2+(a-2)x+a^2-3a x

( a )

186 189
$
y=f(x)
$%&'()!*
y=ax^2+bx+c
(0 8) (3+rt5 0) a b c
" #
! !
alpha+beta=3 a+b+c
x&+1
f~Ñ Ò=0
2
.

134
 2
44

190 STEP 2
-2≤x≤3 f(x)=2x^2-4x+k
193
1 M k+M ! '")
( k ) !"#$%&'(
#
x=2
y=f(x) x
" $
A B y ! '

C(0 3)
ABC 9 f(10)

191
0≤x≤3 y=x^2-2ax-1
f(a) f(1)+f(-1)
( a )

194
y=f(x) " "#$%&'()

192 !
! (
f(x&-2)=0
x y z

x^2+1
2&y^2+4z^2+4x+y-4z+1
/ 2
/
5

2 135
 2
46

195 198
y=1
/
2(x-k)^2 y=x &-1≤x≤1 y=&-x^2&+2ax

A B A 9 a

B x C D
CD 6 k

2
/
7 4 2
/
9

5 1
2
/
1

199
x+2y-5=0 P(a b)
a^2+b^2
196
y=-x^2-4kx+5
y=2x+4k^2
k

200
^-AB^-=8`cm ^-BC^-=10`cm ABCD

197 P P AB AD
(-2 1) y=x^2&-2x+1 8`cm C P

1 2 3
4 5

136
ax^3&+bx^2&+cx+d=0 ax^2&+bx+c=0
Õ
a'x^2&+b'x+c'=0
 ~f(x)=0 ~f(x)

&: f(alpha)=0 ~f~(x) (x-alpha)

ax^4&+bx^2&+c=0
x^2=t
A^2&-B^2=0
A^2&-B^2=(A+B)(A-B)&

ax^4&+bx^3&+cx^2&+bx+a=0
a
x^2 ax^2&+bx+c+b
x+
/ =0
x^2
1
a(x^2&+ ^)+b(x+1
x^)+c=0
/
x^2
x+1
x=t
/ t a(t^2&-2)+bt+c=0

t x+1
x=t
/ x

x 1 0 (x-1)

138
201
2x^3+x^2-5x+2=0 x^4-3x^3+3x^2+x-6=0

f(x)=0 x

/+-1 ±( ) ±

x=1 0 1 2 1 -5 2
2 3 -2
(x-1)(2x^2&+3x-2)=0 2 3 -2 0

(x-1)(x+2)(2x-1)=0
.t3`x=1 x=-2 x=1
2
/

x=-1 0 -1 1 -3 3 1 -6
-1 4 -7 6
(x+1)(x^3-4x^2+7x-6)=0 2 1 -4 7 -6 0
 2 -4 6
1 -2 3 0
x=2 0

(x+1)(x-2)(x^2&-2x+3)=0
.t3`x=-1 x=2 x=1/+-rt2&~i

48
202
x^3&+6x^2+11x+6=0 x^4-x^3-7x^2+x+6=0

203 x^4-3x^2-4=0

x^2=t

x^2=t t^2-3t-4=0
(t+1)(t-4)=0 .t3 t=-1 t=4
x^2=-1 x^2=4 x=/+-i x=/+-2

(x^2)^2-3x^2-4=0 (x^2+1)(x^2-4)=0 .t3 x^2=-1 x^2=4

48
204 x^4+2x^2-8=0

3 139
 205 x^4-6x^2+1=0

A^2&-B^2=0

1 x^4-2x^2+1
-6x^2 -2x^2-4x^2
x^4-6x^2+1=0 x^4-2x^2+1-4x^2=0 -6x^2=-2x^2-4x^2
(x^2-1)^2-(2x)^2=0

(x^2-1+2x)(x^2-1-2x)=0
x^2+2x-1=0 x^2-2x-1=0
.t3 x=-1/+-rt2 x=1/+-rt2

48
206 x^4+3x^2+4=0

207 (x^2+x)^2-8(x^2+x)+12=0

x^2+x=t t^2-8t+12=0 (t-2)(t-6)=0

.t3 t=2 t=6
par t=2
r1
x^2+x=2 x^2+x-2=0
(x+2)(x-1)=0 .t3 x=-2 x=1
par t=6
r2
x^2+x=6 x^2+x-6=0
(x+3)(x-2)=0 .t3 x=-3 x=2
par r2
r1 par x=-3 x=-2 x=1 x=2

48
208 (x^2+1)^2-(x^2+1)-2=0

140
209 (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4)=24

( )( )( )( )+k

{(x+1)(x+4)}{(x+2)(x+3)}=24 1+4=2+3
(x^2+5x+4)(x^2+5x+6)=24
x^2+5x=t (t+4)(t+6)=24 t^2+10t=0 t(t+10)=0
.t3 t=0 t=-10
par t=0
r1 x^2+5x=0 x(x+5)=0 .t3 x=0 x=-5
-5/+-rt15&~i
par t=-10
r2 x^2+5x=-10 x^2+5x+10=0 .t3 x=
2
par r2
r1 par
-5/+-rt15~i
x=0 x=-5 x=
2

48
210 x(x+1)(x+2)(x+3)+1=0

211 x^4+2x^3-6x^2+2x+1=0

!
x^2 x+1
x=t
/

1
x^2 x^2+2x-6+2
x+
/ =0
x^2
1
(x^2+ ^)+2(x+1
x^)-6=0
/
x^2

1
ÕÑx+1
x^)^^2-2}+2(x+1
/ x^)-6=0
/ x^2+ =(x+1
x
/^)^^2-2
x^2

(x+1
x^)^^2+2(x+1
/ x^)-8=0
/

x+1
x=t
/ t^2+2t-8=0 (t-2)(t+4)=0 .t3 t=2 t=-4

par t=2
r1 x+1
x=2
/ x^2-2x+1=0 (x-1)^2=0 .t3 x=1

par t=-4
r2 x+1
x=-4
/ x^2+4x+1=0 .t3 x=-2/+-rt3

par r2
r1 par x=1 x=-2/+-rt3

49
212 x^4+x^3+2x^2+x+1=0

3 141
 213 x^3-(a+4)x^2+(4a+1)x-2a=0 2

x=2
8-4(a+4)+2(4a+1)-2a=0
2a-6=0 .t3 a=3

x^3-7x^2+13x-6=0
2 1 -7 13 -6
(x-2)(x^2-5x+3)=0 2 -10 6
1 -5 3 0
x^2-5x+3=0
5

49
214 x^3+ax^2+(a+1)x-3a=0 1

215 x^4+2x^3+ax+b=0 1 -2

x=1 x=-2 a b

x=1 x=-2
a+b=-3 -2a+b=0
a=-1 b=-2

x^4+2x^3-x-2=0
1 1 2 0 -1 -2
x=1 x=-2
1 3 3 2
-2 1 3 3 2 0
(x-1)(x+2)(x^2+x+1)=0 -2 -2 -2
x^2+x+1=0 1~ 1 1 0
1

49
216 x^4+ax^3+2x^2+2x+b=0 1 -1

142
217 x^3+3x^2+(a+2)x+a=0 a

0 alpha (x-alpha)(x^2+px+q)=0
x^2+px+q=0 !

x=-1 0
-1 1 3 a+2 a
(x+1)(x^2+2x+a)=0 -1 -2 -a
1 2 a 0

x^2+2x+a=0 D
D
=1^2-1\a<0 .t3 a>1
4

49
218 x^3+5x^2+(a+4)x+a=0 a

219 x^3-(a+1)x+a=0 a

(x-alpha)(x-beta)^2=0

x=1 0
1 1 0 -a-1 a
(x-1)(x^2+x-a)=0 1 1 -a
1 1 -a 0
par x^2+x-a=0
r1
x^2+x-a=0 D

D=1^2-4\1\(-a)=0 1+4a=0 .t3 a=-1

4
/

par x^2+x-a=0
r2 x=1
x^2+x-a=0 x=1 1+1-a=0 .t3 a=2

par r2
r1 par a (-1
4^)\~2=-1
/ 2
/

49
220 x^3+x^2-ax+a-2=0 a

3 143
 221 1cm 2cm
112cm^3

xcm
(x-1)cm
(x+2)cm 112cm^3
(x-1)(x-1)(x+2)=112
.t3 x^3-3x-110=0
f(x)=x^3-3x-110
f(5)=125-15-110=0
f(x) 5 1 0 -3 -110
f(x)=(x-5)(x^2+5x+22) 5 25 110
(x-5)(x^2+5x+22)=0 1 5 22 0
-5±3rt7&i
.t3 x=5 x=
2
x>1 x=5
5 cm

50
222 3 12
3

144
 ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0 alpha beta gamma

alpha+beta+gamma=-b
a, alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha=c
/ a, alphabetagamma=-d
/ a
/

ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0 alpha beta gamma (x-alpha)(x-beta)(x-gamma)

ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)(x-gamma)
a

x^3+b
a&x^2+c
/ a&x+d
/ a=x^3-(alpha+beta+gamma)x^2+(alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha)x-alphabetagamma
/

alpha+beta+gamma=-b
a alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha=c
/ a alphabetagamma=-d
/ a
/

(x-alpha)(x-beta)(x-gamma)=x^3-(alpha+beta+gamma)x^2+(alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha)x-alphabetagamma
(x+alpha)(x+beta)(x+gamma)=x^3+(alpha+beta+gamma)x^2+(alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha)x+alphabetagamma
(a+b+c)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ca)
a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca)

alpha, beta, gamma 1

(x-alpha)(x-beta)(x-gamma)=0 x^3&-(alpha+beta+gamma)x^2&+(alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha)x-alphabetagamma=0

,
a+brtm~` a-brtm~` . ( , a, b , bnot=0, rtm~` )
,
a+b i a-bi . ( , a, b , bnot=0, i=rt-~1~)

3 145
 223 x^3+10x^2+3=0 alpha beta gamma

alpha+1
/
1 beta+1
/ gamma
/ alpha^2+beta^2+gamma^2 alpha^3+beta^3+gamma^3

alpha+beta+gamma=-10 alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha=0 alphabetagamma=-3

alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha 0
alpha+1
/
1 beta+1
/ r=
/ = =0
alphabetagamma -3
alpha^2+beta^2+gamma^2=(alpha+beta+gamma)^2-2(alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha)
=(-10)^2-2\0=100
alpha^3+beta^3+gamma^3=(alpha+beta+gamma)(alpha^2+beta^2+gamma^2-alphabeta-betagamma-gammaalpha)+3alphabetagamma
=-10\(100-0)+3\(-3)=-1009

50
224 x^3-2x-5=0 alpha beta gamma

alpha+1
/
1 beta+1
/ gamma
/ alpha^2+beta^2+gamma^2 alpha^3+beta^3+gamma^3

225 x^3&-x^2&+5x-4=0 alpha beta gamma (alpha+beta)(beta+gamma)(gamma+alpha)

alpha+beta+gamma=1

alpha+beta+gamma=1 alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha=5 alphabetagamma=4

alpha+beta+gamma=1
alpha+beta=1-gamma beta+gamma=1-alpha gamma+alpha=1-beta

(alpha+beta)(beta+gamma)(gamma+alpha)=(1-gamma)(1-alpha)(1-beta) .c3.c3
=1-(alpha+beta+gamma)+(alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha)-alphabetagamma
=1-1+5-4=1

(x-a)(x-b)(x-c)=x^3&-(a+b+c)x^2&+(ab+bc+c&a)x-abc

50
226 x^3&-x^2&+2x+3=0 alpha beta gamma (alpha+beta)(beta+gamma)(gamma+alpha)

146
227 x^3-2x^2+x-7=0 alpha beta gamma alpha 1
/
1 beta 1
/ gamma
/

x^3&-(1
alpha+1
/ beta+1
/ /
gamma^)x^2&+(1
alpha
/ beta+1
beta
/ gamma+1
gamma
/ alpha^)x-1
alpha
/beta
gamma=0

alpha+beta+gamma=2 alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha=1 alphabetagamma=7

alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha
alpha+1
/
1 beta+1
/ gamma=
/ =1
7
/
alphabetagamma
alpha+beta+gamma
alpha\1
/
1 beta+1
/ beta\1
/ gamma+1
/ gamma\1
/ /
alpha= =2
7
/
alphabetagamma

alpha\1
/
1 beta\1
/ gamma=1
/ alpha
/beta
gamma=1
7
/

x^3&-1
7&x^2&+2
/ 7&x-1
/ 7=0
/

50
228 x^3+5x^2-5=0 alpha beta gamma alpha^2 beta^2 gamma^2
1

229 x^3+ax^2+bx+c=0 1 2-rt3` a b c

2-rt3 2+rt3
1 2-rt3 2+rt3
1+(2-rt3&)+(2+rt3&)=-a
1\(2-rt3&)+(2-rt3&)\(2+rt3&)+(2+rt3&)\1=b
1\(2-rt3&)\(2+rt3&)=-c
.t3 a=-5 b=5 c=-1

50
230 x^3+ax^2+bx+c=0 3 2+i a b c

3 147
 231 x^3+mx^2+nx-6=0 1+i m n

alpha

1+i 1-i
1+i 1-i alpha
(1+i)+(1-i)+alpha=-m ……
(1+i)(1-i)+(1-i)alpha+alpha(1+i)=n ……
(1+i)(1-i)alpha=6 ……
2alpha=6
.t3 alpha=3

m=-5 n=8

x=1+i
(1+i)^3+m(1+i)^2+n(1+i)-6=0
.t3 (n-8)+(2m+n+2)i=0

n-8=0 2m+n+2=0
.t3 m=-5 n=8

50
232 x^3-4x^2+mx+n=0 1-rt2 m n

ax^3&+bx^2&+cx+d=0 alpha beta gamma

alpha+beta+gamma=-b
a alphabeta+betagamma+gammaalpha=c
/ a alphabetagamma=-d
/ a
/

148
 x^3=1
x^3=1 (x-1)(x^2+x+1)=0
-1/+-rt3&~i
x-1=0 x^2+x+1=0 x=
2
x^2&+x+1=0 (omega)

x^3=1 ^-
omega omega
x^3=1 x^2+x+1=0 omega
omega ^3=1
omega^3=1 ^-~ omega `omega
^- x^3=1
omega^3=omega^6=omega^9=1 omega^3=1
omega^2+omega+1=0 omega x^2+x+1=0
omega ^2+omega
^-~ ^-+1=0 x^2&+x+1=0 omega ^-
omega
omega+omega
^-=-1 omegaomega
^-=1 x^2+x+1=0
omega^3
^-=1
omega /
omega= =omega^2 omegaomega
^-=1
omega

x^3=-1
omega

x^3=-1 ^-
omega omega
x^3=-1 x^2-x+1=0 omega
omega ^3=-1
omega^3=-1 ^-~ omega `omega
^- x^3=-1
omega^3=-1 omega^6=1 omega^3=-1
omega^2-omega+1=0 omega x^2-x+1=0
omega ^2-omega
^-~ ^-+1=0 x^2&-x+1=0 omega ^-
omega
omega+omega
^-=1 omegaomega
^-=1 x^2-x+1=0
-omega^3
^-=1
omega /
omega= =-omega^2 omegaomega
^-=1
omega

omega^3=1 omega^2&+omega+1=0 omega^3=-1 omega^2&-omega+1=0

3 149
 233 x^3=1 omega
omega100&+1
1+omega+omega^2+omega^3+omega^4+omega^5+omega^6
omega101

omega^3=1 omega^2+omega+1=0

=(1+omega+omega^2)+omega^3(1+omega+omega^2)+(omega^3)^2
=0+1\0+1^2=1
(omega^3)^3^3&&omega+1 1^3^3&\omega+1
= = omega^3=1
(omega^3)^3^3&omega^2 1^3^3&\omega^2
omega+1 omega+1
= = =-1 omega^2=-(omega+1)
omega^2 -(omega+1)

51
234 x^3=1 omega
omega^20
omega^20+omega10+1
omega10&+1

235 x^3=-1 omega omega^4+omega^2-2

omega^3=-1 omega^2-omega+1=0

=omega^3omega+omega^2-2=-omega+omega^2-2 omega^3=-1
=-omega+(omega-1)-2 omega^2=omega-1
=-3

51
236 x^3=-1 omega omega^4+omega^3+omega^2

150
 ^-&
omega+1 omega+1
237 x^2&+x+1=0 omega
2omega+1
\
2omega
^-+1
( ^-
omega omega )

omega+omega
^-=-1 omegaomega
^-=1

(omega
^-+1)(omega+1) omegaomega
^-+(omega+omega
^-)+1 1-1+1 1
= = = =
(2omega+1)(2omega
^-+1) 4omegaomega
^-+2(omega+omega
^-)+1 4-2+1 3

51
1 1
238 x^3=1 omega
omega-1
+
^--1
omega
( ^-
omega omega )

239 x^2+x+1=0 omega

1+2omega+3omega^2+4omega^3+5omega^4+6omega^5+7omega^6=aomega+b
a b

omega^3=1 omega^2=-(omega+1)

1+2omega+3omega^2+4omega^3+5omega^4+6omega^5+7omega^6
=1+2omega+3omega^2+4omega^3+5omega^3omega+6omega^3omega^2+7(omega^3)^2
=1+2omega+3omega^2+4+5omega+6omega^2+7 omega^3=1
=9omega^2+7omega+12
=9(-omega-1)+7omega+12 omega^2=-(omega+1)
=-2omega+3
.t3 a=-2 b=3

51
240 x^2-x+1=0 omega
6+5omega+4omega^2+3omega^3+2omega^4+omega^5=aomega+b
a b

omega x^3=1 ( x^3=-1) x^2&+x+1=0 ( x^2&-x+1=0)

3 151
 51

241 244
x^3+3x^2+5x+6=0 x^3-2x^2+(2k+1)x-2k=0
alpha beta alpha^3+beta^3 k

245
x^3-3x^2+ax+b=0
242 1:2:3 a b a+b
2x^4-3x^3-12x^2+7x+6=0

246
x^3=1 omega
(omega-2)(omega-2)
(omega+1)(omega+1)
243
(x^2+2x+3)(x^2+2x-5)+7=0
alpha beta alphaalpha
^-+betabeta
^-

( ^-
alpha ^-
beta alpha beta )
247
x^2-x+1=0 omega
(omega^20&-omega10&+1)^9

152
 2
2 2

2
:
:

ax+by+c=0
2 Õ
a'x+b'y+c'=0
a b
not=
a' b'
a b c
= not=
a' b' c'
a b c
= =
a' b' c'

ax+by+c=0 y=-a
b&x-c
/ b
/

~a' ~~c'
a'x+b'y+c'=0 y=- x-
~b' b'
y=-a
b&x-c
/ b
/
ax+by+c=0
Õ ^^{ a' c'
a'x+b'y+c'=0 y=- x-
b' b'
a b
not=
a' b'
a b c
= not= y
a' b' c'
a b c
= = y
a' b' c'

3 153
 ax+2y=a
248 x y Õ
&x+(a+1)y=a+3&
a m

a n m-n

ax+by+c=0
Õ
a'x+b'y+c'=0
a b c
par
r1 = not=
a' b' c'
a b c
par
r2 = =
a' b' c'

2 a
1=
/
a =
a+1 a+3
2 a
1=
/
a not=
a+1 a+3
2
1=
/
a a^2+a-2=0 (a+2)(a-1)=0 .t3 a=-2 a=1
a+1
2 -2
par a=-2
r1 -2
1=
/ =
-2+1 -2+3
2 1
par a=1
r2 /=
1 not=
1+1 1+3
m=-2 n=1 m-n=-3

par
r1 a=-2
-2x+2y=-2&
Õ &
x+(-2+1)y=-2+3
x-y=1&
.t3 Õ &
x-y=1
par
r2 a=1
x+2y=1
Õ
&x+(1+1)y=1+3&
x+2y=1&
.t3 Õ &
x+2y=4

52
ax+y=1&
249 x y Õ
x+ay=1
& a m

a n m-n

154
 (x^2 y^2 xy)

Õ Õ &
&

x y

=0 ( )=0

x^2+y^2 x y y^2+x^2
x y x y
x y

x+y=7 x^2&+y^2=13
Õ & Õ
&xy=6 & y=6&
x

x y x y

x+y=7&
par Õ
r1 x y
xy=6

x^2&+y^2=13&
par Õ
r2
xy=6
x^2+y^2=(x+y)^2-2xy x+y xy
x+y=a xy=b a b
x+y=a xy=b x y

3 155
 x-y=1&
250 Õ
x^2&+y^2=5&

x-y=1 y=x-1 x^2+y^2=5

x^2+(x-1)^2=5
x^2-x-2=0 (x+1)(x-2)=0
.t3 x=-1 x=2
y=x-1 y=-2 y=1
x=-1& x=2&
.t3 Õ & & Õ
y=-2 y=1

53
y+2x=3
251 Õ
&x^2&-xy=18

2x^2&-3xy+y^2=0&
252 Õ
5x^2&-y^2=16

=0

2x^2-3xy+y^2=0 (2x-y)(x-y)=0
.t3 y=2x y=x
par y=2x
r1 5x^2-y^2=16
5x^2-(2x)^2=16 x^2=16 .t3 x=/+-4
y=2x y=/+-8
par y=x
r2 5x^2-y^2=16
5x^2-x^2=16 x^2=4 .t3 x=/+-2
y=x y=/+-2
x=4& x=-4& x=2& x=-2&
.t3 Õ Õ Õ & Õ &
y=8 y=-8& y=2 y=-2

53
y^2&-3xy=0&
253 Õ
3x^2&+5y^2=48&

156
254
x+y=7& x^2&+y^2=13
Õ & Õ
xy=6 &xy=6

x y x+y=a xy=b a b

x+y=7 xy=6 x y t^2-7t+6=0

(t-1)(t-6)=0 .t3 t=1 t=6

x=1& x=6&
Õ & Õ &
y=6 y=1
x+y=a xy=b x^2+y^2=(x+y)^2-2xy
a^2&-2b=13
Õ &
&b=6
a=/+-5 b=6
par a=5 b=6
r1
x+y=5 xy=6 x y t^2-5t+6=0

(t-2)(t-3)=0 .t3 t=2 t=3

x=2 x=3
.t3 Õ Õ &
&y=3& &y=2
par a=-5 b=6
r2
x+y=-5 xy=6 x y t^2+5t+6=0

(t+2)(t+3)=0 .t3 t=-2 t=-3

x=-2 x=-3
.t3 Õ Õ &
&y=-3& &y=-2
x=2 x=3 x=-2 x=-3&
.t3 Õ Õ & Õ Õ &
&y=3& &y=2 &y=-3 y=-2

7 6 1 6
x=1& x=6&
Õ Õ
y=6& y=1&

53
255
x+y=-2& x^2&+y^2=5&
Õ & Õ
xy=-8 xy=2&

3 157
 x+y=a&
256 Õ
x^2&+y^2=18
& a

D=0

y=-x+a x^2+y^2=18
x^2+(-x+a)^2=18 2x^2-2ax+a^2-18=0
D
D
=(-a)^2-2(a^2-18)=0 a^2=36 .t3 a=/+-6
4

53
x+y=2&
257 Õ
x^2&+y^2=a+1
a

x+y=2a+4&
258 Õ
xy=3a^2&+4&
a

x y t^2&-(x+y)t+xy=0 D->0

x y t^2-(2a+4)t+3a^2+4=0
D
D
={-(a+2)}^2-(3a^2+4)->0
4
-2a^2+4a->0 a(a-2)-<0 .t3 0-<a-<2

53
x+y=2a-6
259 Õ
&xy=a^2&+4
a

158
260 10cm 56cm

( )

xcm ycm
56cm
2(x+y)=56 x+y=28
20cm
x^2+y^2=400
x cm
x+y=28 ……
.t3 Õ
x^2+y^2=400 …… y cm
y=-x+28 ……

x^2-28x+192=0 (x-12)(x-16)=0
.t3 x=12 x=16
x=12 y=16
x=16 y=12

16 cm 12 cm

53
261 24pai 80pai

3 159
 262
2x^2&-2xy+y=3 .c3.c3
Õ
x^2&-xy+x=0 &.c3.c3

- \2 y-2x=3 .t3 y=2x+3

x^2-x(2x+3)+x=0 x^2+2x=0
x(x+2)=0 .t3 x=0 x=-2
x=0& x=-2&
y=2x+3 y=3 y=-1 .t3 Õ & Õ &
y=3 y=-1

54
263
3xy+8x+y=1& .c3.c3
Õ
xy+2x+y=1&& .c3.c3

264
2x^2&-2xy+y^2=5& .c3.c3
Õ
4x^2&-3xy+5y^2=15& .c3.c3

=0

\3- 2x^2-3xy-2y^2=0 (x-2y)(2x+y)=0 .t3 x=2y y=-2x

par x=2y
r1
2(2y)^2-2\2y\y+y^2=5 5y^2=5 y^2=1 .t3 y=/+-1
x=2y x=/+-2
par y=-2x
r2
rt2
2x^2-2x\(-2x)+(-2x)^2=5 10x^2=5 x^2=1
2
/ .t3 x=/+-
2
y=-2x y=/-+rt2&

x=2 x=-2 x= rt2~~ & x=- rt2~~ &

.t3 Õ Õ Õ 2 Õ 2
&y=1 &y=-1 y=-rt2& y=rt2&

54
265
x^2&+3xy-2y^2=2 &.c3.c3
Õ
x^2&+xy-y^2=1 &.c3.c3

160
 alpha x=alpha
alpha

x^2-3x+2=0 x^2+3x+2=0 0
x^2-3x+2=0 x^2-4x+3=0 1
x^2-3x+2=0 2x^2-6x+4=0 2
2 2
2
x
~f~(x)=a(x-alpha)(x-beta) x x alpha beta a

x^2+3x+2=0 x^2-x-2=0

x^2+3x+2=0 (x+1)(x+2)=0
.t3 x=-1 x=-2
x^2-x-2=0 (x+1)(x-2)=0
.t3 x=-1 x=2
x=-1

4x+4=0 .t3 x=-1

3 161
 266
x^3+3x^2-x-3=0 x^2+2x-3=0

par x^3+3x^2-x-3=0
r1
x^2(x+3)-(x+3)=0
(x^2-1)(x+3)=0
(x-1)(x+1)(x+3)=0
.t3 x=1 x=-1 x=-3
par x^2+2x-3=0
r2
(x-1)(x+3)=0
.t3 x=1 x=-3
x=1 x=-3

54
267
100x^2-99x-1=0 x^2+99x-100=0

268 a
x^3-ax+8=0 2x^2-a=0

a=2x^2 x^3-ax+8=0
x^3-2x^3+8=0
x^3-8=0
.t3 (x-2)(x^2+2x+4)=0

x=2
.t3 a=2\2^2=8

54
269 a
99x^3-ax+100=0 x^2+a=0

162
270 a
x^2+(a+1)x-2a=0 x^2-(a+3)x+2a=0

2x^2-2x=0 2x(x-1)=0
.t3`x=0 x=1
x^2+(a+1)x-2a=0
x=0 a=0
x=1 2-a=0 .t3`a=2
.t3`a=0 a=2

54
271 a
x^2-(a-1)x+3a=0 x^2+(a+5)x-3a=0

272 a
x^2+(2a+1)x-a-3=0 x^2+(a+1)x+a-3=0

ax-2a=0 a(x-2)=0
.t3`a=0 x=2
par a=0
r1 x^2+x-3=0

par x=2
r2 x^2+(2a+1)x-a-3=0
4+4a+2-a-3=0 3a+3=0 .t3`a=-1
par r2
r1 par a=-1

54
273 a
x^2+4ax-2a+1=0 x^2+ax+a+1=0

3 163
 xy=4 2 1

x=-6 x=-4 x=-rt2 x=3 x=i

g Õ Õ g Õ .c3
&y=-2
3
/ &y=-1 &y=-2rt2 &y=4
3
/ &y=-4i
x y x y (x y) (-4 -1)
(-2 -2) (-1 -4) (1 4) (2 2) (4 1)

\ =
\ =

\ =

A B A^2+B^2=0 A=0 B=0

D->0

( )\( )=( )
A^2&+B^2&=0 D->0

164
274 xy+4x-2y-9=0 x y

( )\( )=( )

xy+4x-2y-9=0 x(y+4)-2y-9=0
x(y+4)-2(y+4)+8-9=0
.t3 (x-2)(y+4)=1
1 1 x-2=1 y+4=1 x=3 y=-3
-1 -1 x-2=-1 y+4=-1 x=1 y=-5
x y
x=3& x=1&
Õ Õ &
y=-3& y=-5

54
275 xy-3x-3y+7=0 x y

276 x^2-2mx+2m-3=0 m

alpha beta (alpha->beta)

alpha+beta=2m ……
alphabeta=2m-3 ……
- alphabeta-alpha-beta=-3 (alpha-1)(beta-1)-1=-3
.t3 (alpha-1)(beta-1)=-2
1 -2 alpha-1=1 beta-1=-2 alpha=2 beta=-1
2 -1 alpha-1=2 beta-1=-1 alpha=3 beta=0
2+(-1)=2m 3+0=2m

.t3 m=1
2 m=3
/ 2
/

54
277 x^2&+(m-1)x+m+1=0 m

3 165
 278 x^2+2xy+2y^2-6y+9=0 x y

A^2+B^2=0 A=0 B=0

x^2+2xy+2y^2-6y+9=0 (x^2+2xy+y^2)+(y^2-6y+9)=0
.t3 (x+y)^2+(y-3)^2=0
x y x+y=0 y-3=0
x=-3 y=3

55
279 x^2+y^2-2x-4y+5=0 x y

280 2x^2-2xy+y^2-2x-2y+5=0 x y

A^2+B^2=0 x D->0

x
2x^2-2(y+1)x+y^2-2y+5=0 ……
x D
D
={-(y+1)}^2-2(y^2-2y+5)->0
4
-y^2+6y-9->0 y^2-6y+9-<0 (y-3)^2-<0 ^2≥0
y y-3=0 .t3 y=3
2x^2-8x+8=0
x^2-4x+4=0 (x-2)^2=0 .t3 x=2

55
281 2x^2+2xy+y^2+2x+2y+1=0 x y

( )\( )=( )

A^2&+B^2&=0

166
 55

282 286
x+2y=1 x x^2+(k+2)x-10=0
Õ x y
x^2+xy=3 x^2+(k-1)x+5=0 k
x+y

283 287
2x+y=k xy+2x-3y=0 x
Õ
x^2&+y^2=5
y x+y
k

288
284 x y
x+y-xy=1 9x^2&+6xy+2y^2&-4y+4=0
Õ
x^2y+xy^2=12
x+y
x y xy

289
285 Õ
x+y=4
20x^2&+19x-1=0 ax+2y=9
x-2y=b
20x^2&+21x+1=0 Õ
x^2&+y^2=10
alpha beta alpha+beta
a b ab

3 167
 3

f(alpha)=0 (x-alpha)

ax^3&+bx^2&+cx+d=0 alpha beta gamma

alpha+beta+gamma=-b
a alphabeta+beta&gamma+gammaalpha=c
/ a alphabetagamma=-d
/ a
/

omega ^3&=1
omega^3=1 ^-~ x^3=1
omega^3=omega^6=omega^9=1 omega^3=1
x^3=1 omega ^2+omega
omega^2&+omega+1=0 ^-~ ^-+1=0 x^2&+x+1=0
omega omega+omega
^-=-1 omegaomega
^-=1 x^2&+x+1=0
omega^3
^-=1
omega /
omega= =omega^2 omegaomega
^-=1
omega

a b
not=
a' b'
ax+by+c=0 a = b not= c
Õ ( )
a'x+b'y+c'=0 a' b' c'
a b c
= = ( )
a' b' c'

Õ x y

( )\( )=( )

A B A^2&+B^2=0 A=0 B=0

D->0

168
 3
56

STEP 1 294
x^3&-2x^2&+3x-4=0 alpha beta gamma
290 (alpha+beta)(beta+gamma)(gamma+alpha)
x
x^3-(2a+1)x^2+(a+1)^2x-(a^2+1)=0
alpha beta alpha+beta=8
alphabeta ( a )
16 17 18
19 20

295
x^3+4x-2=0 alpha beta gamma
291
alpha+beta beta+gamma gamma+alpha x^3
x^4-7x^2-18=0
1

292
(x^2&-5x)^2&+10(x^2&-5x)-96=0
alpha alpha^2&-5alpha

296
-1+rt3&i 1
omega= omega^200+
2 omega^200

293
x^3&+(a+2)x^2&+3ax+a^2=0
a
.

3 169
297 STEP 2
x-xy+y=1
Õ
x^2-xy+y^2=31
x=alpha 300
f(x)=0 alpha beta gamma
y=beta alpha-beta
alpha+beta+gamma=9 f(3x-2)=0

298
2x+y=-2 301
Õ (x-4)(x-2)(x+3)(x+5)=240
x^2+y^2=a
a

302
299
xy=6(y-x) x kx^3+(5k-6)x^2+(8k-16)x+4k-10=0

y x+y k

170
 3
57

303 306
x100&+3x+1 x^2&-x+1 45

27

304
x 100x^3+16kx-832=0
x^2-4k=0 k

307
m n
x^3&-(k+1)x^2&+7kx-6k=0
2m 3n m+n
( k )

305
x^2&+y^2=5
Õ
xy=2(x+y)
x y

3 171
n n .

. .

3>2 -3
1
/
0<-2
1
/
0 ax+b>0

&!"$'&!"%'()
$ %
!"!# !"
# #

$ " % !

&!"$'&!"%'*) $ %
!"!# !"
 > < -> -<

a b c
a>b b>c a>c
a>b a+c>b+c a-c>b-c

a>b c>0 ac>bc a

c>b
/ c`
/

a>b c<0 ac<bc a

c<b
/ c`
/

3>2 -30<-20
3>2 -3
1
/
0<-2
1
/
0

3>2 3<1
/
1 2 -3<-2
/ -1
3>-1
/ 2
/

3>-2 3>-1
/
1 2 -2<3
/ -1
2<1
/ 3
/

a>b d<0<c

a+c>b+c ad^2>bd^2 ad>bd c-d<b

/
a c-d
/

.t3`ad<bd

.t3`a
c-d>b
/ c-d
/

4 173
 308 3-<x-<5

1
-2x+3
x-2

1
x a b ax+b
ax+b

3-<x-<5 -2
-10-<-2x-<-6
3
-7-<-2x+3-<-3
3-<x-<5 2
1-<x-2-<3

1
3-<
/
1 -<1
x-2

59
309 1-<x-<3
1
3x-1 x+3

310 2x-y=2 -2<x<3 y

2x-y=2 y=2x-2
-2<x<3 2
-4<2x<6
2
-6<2x-2<4
.t3`-6<y<4

59
311 2x+y=1 -1-<x-<1 y

174
 x y x+y x-y xy x
y
/

& x y
a ≤ x ≤ b
( )+( )
+( c ≤ y ≤ d
& x y
a+c≤x+y≤b+d
( )+( )

& x y
a ≤ x ≤ b
( )-( )
-( c ≤ y ≤ d
& x y
a-d≤x-y≤b-c
( )-( )

a ≤x≤ b
\( c ≤y≤ d
<xy<
ac,`ad,`bc,`bd`

a ≤x≤ b
/( c ≤y≤ d
≤x
y≤
/

c,`a
/
a d,`b
/ c
/,`b
d`
/

312 -1-<x-<2 1-<y-<5

3x+2y 3x-2y

-3 -< 3x -< 6 -3 -< 3x -< 6

+( 2 -< 2y -< 10 -( ````2 -< 2y -< 10
-3+2 -< 3x+2y -< 6+10 -3-10 -< 3x-2y -< 6-2

.t3`-1-<3x+2y-<16 .t3`-13-<3x-2y-<4

59
313 -3-<x-<1 1-<y-<2
2x+3y 2x-3y

4 175
 314 -1-<x-<2 1-<y-<5
xy y
/
x

xy -1 -5 2 10 -5 10 -5-<xy-<10
-1 -1 -1
y
/
x 1 /
/
2 2
5 =-1 1=2
/
2
1 5 1

-1-<x
y-<2
/

59
315 -3-<x-<1 1-<y-<2

xy y
/
x

316 10-<x<100 -100<y-<a 3x-1

3&y
/ 10 a

3x 3&y
/
1

x y

10-<x<100 3 30-<3x<300

-100<y-<a 3
/
1 -1
3
/
00<1
/
3&y-<1
3&a
/

30 -< 3x < 300

-1
3
/
00 < 3&y
/
1 -< 1
3&a
/
-(
30-1
3&a -< 3x-1
/ 3&y < 1
/ #3
/
0
00

1000
30-1
3&a-<3x-1
/ 3&y<
/
3

3x-1
3&y
/ 10 30-1
3&a=10 90-a=30
/ .t3`a=60

60
317 2-<x-<5 4<y-<a 2x+1
2&y
/ 12 a

176
 60

318 321
a b c -3≤x≤2 2≤y≤6 -xy

a>b b>c a>c

a>b a-c>b-c
a>b a^2>b^2
a>b c>0 ac>bc
ac>bc a>b

322
x+1
2-<x-<a x
2 a

319
a<b
a+4>b+4 -3+a>-3+b

1
/
a
0-5>b
1
/
0-5 a^2<b^2

-a
4-7>-b
/ 4-7
/

320 323
a<b<0 c>d>0 -1-<x-<2 2-<y-<3 alpha-<2x-y-<beta
alpha `beta~ alpha beta

|a|>|b| c>1
/
1 d
/

a+d>b+c a^3<c^3

4 177
 x
ax+b>0 ax+b->0 ax+b<0 ax+b-<0
x ( anot=0 a b )

ax>b
ax>b a>0 a<0 a=0

par a>0
r1 x>b
a
/

par a<0
r2 x<b
a
/

b->0
par a=0
r3 Õ
b<0

x x ax>b

ax>b a x>b
a
/

par a>0
r1
par a<0
r2
par a=0
r3

0\x>1
0\x>-1

3x+2>x+6
3x+2>5x+6
3x+2>3x+3
3x+2>3x+1

ax>b
2x>4 x>2
-2x>4 x<-2
0\x>1
0\x>-1

178
324 x a(x-a)+1>x

ax>b a>0 a<0 a=0

ax-a^2&+1>x (a-1)x>a^2&-1
.t3`(a-1)x>(a+1)(a-1)
(a+1)(a-1)
par a>1
r1 x> .t3`x>a+1
a-1
(a+1)(a-1)
par a<1
r2 x< .t3`x<a+1
a-1
par a=1
r3 0\x>0

61
325 x a(x+1)+2≥2(a+1)

326 x a^2&x+6x+2<a(5x+1) a

ax>b a=0 b->0

a^2x+6x+2<5ax+a (a^2-5a+6)x<a-2
.t3`(a-2)(a-3)x<a-2
x 0
(a-2)(a-3)=0 a=2 a=3
par a=2
r1 0\x<0
par a=3
r2 0\x<1
par r2
r1 par a 2

61
327 x a^2&x+1>a(x+1) a

4 179
 328 x (a-b)x>a+b x>2 (a+b)x<a-b

x a-b !

a+b
(a-b)x>a+b x>2 a-b>0 =2
a-b
a+b
=2 a+b=2(a-b) .t3`a=3b
a-b
a=3b a-b>0 3b-b>0 2b>0 .t3`b>0
a=3b (a+b)x<a-b 4bx<2b

b>0 x<2
4
/
b .t3`x<1
2
/

61
329 x (2a+b)x<a-b x<1
3
/ (a+b)x>b

330 x (a+2b)x>2a+b x<1 (2a-b)x>a-2b

x a+2b !

2a+b
(a+2b)x>2a+b x<1 a+2b<0 =1
a+2b
2a+b
=1 2a+b=a+2b .t3`a=b
a+2b
a=b a+2b<0 b+2b<0 3b<0 .t3`b<0
a=b (2a-b)x>a-2b bx>-b

b<0 x<-b
b
/ .t3`x<-1

61
331 x (a+b)x<a x>1
2
/ ax>b

x 0

180
 0

a (a->0)
|a|={
-a (a<0)
x-a (x->a)
|x-a|={
-(x-a) (x<a)

0 a b (a<b) x=a x=b

par x<a
r1
par a-<x<b
r2 " # !

par x->b
r3
par
r1 par
r3

x |x| x
|x|<a a x
.t3`-a<x<a "# $ # !

|x|>a a x
.t3`x<-a x>a "# $ # !

a b
|x|<a -a<x<a
|x|>a x<-a x>a
a<|x|<b -b<x<-a a<x<b

|x|<2 |x|>2 2<|x|<3

-2<x<2
x<-2 x>2
par 2<|x|
r1 x<-2 x>2
par |x|<3
r2 -3<x<3
par r2
r1 par -3<x<-2 2<x<3

4 181
 332
|x+1|->2x+5 |x|+|x-2|<x+5

0 x=-1
par x->-1
r1 x+1->2x+5 -x->4 .t3`x-<-4
x->-1 x-<-4 ……
par x<-1
r2 -(x+1)->2x+5 -3x->6 .t3`x-<-2
x<-1 x-<-2 x-<-2 ……
x-<-2
0 x=0 x=2
par x<0
r1 -x-(x-2)<x+5 -3x<3 .t3`x>-1
x<0 x>-1 -1<x<0 ……
par 0-<x<2
r2 x-(x-2)<x+5 -x<3 .t3`x>-3
0-<x<2 x>-3 0-<x<2 ……
par x->2
r3 x+(x-2)<x+5 .t3`x<7
x->2 x<7 2-<x<7 ……
-1<x<7

61
333
|x+3|->3x-1 |x+1|+|x-2|-<5

334
|2x+3|<7 |x-2|->5 1<|x-3|<2

|x|<a |x|>a a<|x|<b

|2x+3|<7 -7<2x+3<7 -10<2x<4 .t3`-5<x<2

|x-2|->5 x-2-<-5 x-2->5 .t3`x-<-3 x->7
1<|x-3|<2 -2<x-3<-1 1<x-3<2
.t3`1<x<2 4<x<5

62
335
|x-2|-<6 |x+1|>3 4<|x+1|<5

182
 A<B
A<B<C Õ
B<C

a<b

x>a x-<a x>a

Õ Õ Õ
x-<b x<b x>b

" # ! " # ! " # !

a<x-<b x-<a x>b

x>-3 x-<5
Õ Õ
x-<0 x<1

"# $ ! .t3`-3<x-<0

" # ! .t3`x<1

4 183
 336
2x+3<5& -x-<1-2x
Õ Õ
x<3 2x+1->-5

2x+3<5& x<1 ……
x<3 ……
! " #

x<1
-x-<1-2x x-<1 ……
2x+1->-5 x->-3 ……

-3-<x-<1 !" # $

62
337
3x+1-<7 -x<6-3x
Õ Õ
&x<5& x+1>-7

A<B<C

338
-4-<2x-6-<6 x-4-<2x+3<x+5

A<B
Õ
B<C

-4-<2x-6
Õ
2x-6-<6
-4-<2x-6 x->1 ……
2x-6-<6 x-<6 ……
1-<x-<6
x-4-<2x+3
Õ
2x+3<x+5
x-4-<2x+3 x-2x-<3+4 .t3`x->-7 ……
2x+3<x+5 2x-x<5-3 .t3`x<2 ……
-7-<x<2

62
339
-2-<3x-5-<7 x-5-<2x-3<x+8

184
 5+4x>3(x-a)
340 Õ
-x-<25-6x
1<x-<5 a

5+4x>3(x-a) 5+4x>3x-3a .t3`x>-3a-5 ……

-x-<25-6x 5x-<25 .t3`x-<5
1<x-<5 x>1
-3a-5=1 -3a=6 .t3`a=-2

62
3-4x>-5(x-a)
341 Õ 2<x-<4 a
-2x-<16-6x

-3x+1<2x-4
342 Õ
-6+x>2x-a
x 3 a

-3x+1<2x-4 -3x-2x<-4-1 -5x<-5

.t3`x>1 ……
1 2 3 4 5 x
-6+x>2x-a& x-2x>-a+6 -x>-a+6 a-6
.t3`x<a-6 ……
x 3
1<x<a-6
4<a-6-<5 a-6 5 5
.t3`10<a-<11

62
-2x+1-<x-8
343 Õ
2+x>2x-a
x 2 a

4 185
 " !
x-<a
Õ x=a
x->a

" # !
x<a
par a<b
r1 Õ
x>b
x-<a
" !
par Õ
r2
x>a

x-<a x<a x-<a

par
r1 Õ Õ Õ
x>b x->b x->b
x<a x>a
par
r2 Õ Õ
x->a x<a

344
x-1->-4
Õ 8-3x<x-<-x+4
4x+3-<-9

x-1->-4 x->-3 ……
4x+3-<-9 4x-<-12 .t3`x-<-3 ……
x=-3
8-3x<x
Õ
x-<-x+4
8-3x<x -4x<-8 .t3`x>2 ……
x-<-x+4 2x-<4 .t3`x-<2 ……

62
345
2x-2->-4
Õ 15-3x<2x-<-x+9
4x-5-<-9

186
 6x-1->2x+a
346 Õ
3x-4-<2x+1
a

a+1
6x-1->2x+a 6x-2x->a+1 4x->a+1 .t3`x->
4
3x-4-<2x+1 3x-2x-<1+4 .t3`x-<5
a+1
>5 5 x=5
4
.t3`a>19

63
4x-1->3x+a
347 Õ
5x-4-<2x+2
a

x-1
2->a
/
348 ^^{ x=4 a b a+b
x+2b-<1

x-<4
Õ
x->4

x-1
2->a
/ x->a+1
2
/

x+2b-<1& x-<1-2b

a+1
2=1-2b=4
/ .t3`a=7
2 b=-3
/ 2
/

.t3`a+b=2

63
x-5->a
349 Õ x=2 a b a+2b
x-2b-<3

4 187
 63

350 353
x a^2x+1>a(x-1)+2a^2 |2x-3|<3x+5 x>k k
a alpha
a beta alpha+beta

354
x+2
- +5
3≥x
/ 3
/
k
4

0.6(x+1)≤x-1
5
/

351
x (a-b)x->a+2b
(2a+b)x>a-b

355
3x-4-<2x+1
Õ
6x-1->2x-3a
x 5 a

352
|4x-10|≤6 x
356
a b a-b=1 x
(a-2b)x≤2a-5b+3 x≥1
a+b

188
 f(x)>0 y=f(x) x x

f(x)>g(x) y=f(x) y=g(x)

x

)*+,-.!/
)*-0.!/

( '
& %$ # " !

par g(x)>0
r1

#$%&'!(
y=g(x) x

" !
x>c
par g(x)<0
r2
y=g(x) x
x<c

par f(x)>0
r1

%&'()*!+
y=f(x) x
b<x<e x>m
#
par f(x)<0
r2 " $ !
y=f(x) x
x<b e<x<m

)*+,-.!/
par f(x)>g(x)
r1

)*-0.!/
y=f(x) y=g(x)
a<x<d x>n
( '
& % $ #" !
par f(x)<g(x)
r2
y=f(x) y=g(x)
x<a d<x<n

4 189
 (
357 y=f(x) y=g(x) ()*+,-./

'
%
$ & ! "! .
f(x)>0
g(x)>3 #

f(x)>g(x) ()0-./

f(x)g(x)>0

c y=c
f(x)g(x)>0 f(x)>0 g(x)>0 f(x)<0 g(x)<0
f(x)g(x)<0 f(x)>0 g(x)<0 f(x)<0 g(x)>0

f(x)>0 y=f(x) y=0 x

x
x<a x>d
g(x)>3 y=g(x) y=3 x
0<x<e
f(x)>g(x) y=f(x) y=g(x)
x
x<b x>e
f(x)g(x)>0 f(x)>0 g(x)>0 f(x)<0 g(x)<0 x

par f(x)>0 g(x)>0

r1
f(x)>0 x<a x>d ……
g(x)>0 c<x<m ……
d<x<m ……
par f(x)<0 g(x)<0
r2
f(x)<0 a<x<d ……
g(x)<0 x<c x>m ……
a<x<c ……
a<x<c d<x<m

64
&
358 y=f(x) y=g(x) &'()*+,-

# $ !
f(x)>0 % ! " ,

&'.+,-
g(x)>0
f(x)<g(x)
f(x)g(x)<0

190
 x
ax^2+bx+c>0 ax^2+bx+c->0 ax^2+bx+c<0 ax^2+bx+c-<0`
x ( anot=0 a b c )

&!"$'&!"%'()
(x-alpha)(x-beta)>0

# #
x x
x<alpha x>beta
(x-alpha)(x-beta)<0 $ " % !

x x &!"$'&!"%'*)
alpha<x<beta

#$%&'()*

f(x)-<0 f(x)>0

! " )
3-<x-<5 x<3 x>5

> <

alpha beta alpha beta

(x-alpha)(x-beta)~>~0 (x-alpha)(x-beta)~<~0
alpha,`beta ~ > alpha,`beta <
x<alpha x>beta alpha<x<beta

(x-2)(x-3)->0 (x-1)(x-2)<0
x(x+2)-<0 (x+1)(x+3)>0

x-<2 x->3
1<x<2
-2-<x-<0
x<-3 x>-1

4 191
 359
3x^2<2x+1 -x^2+2x+3-<0

3x^2-2x-1<0 (3x+1)(x-1)<0

.t3`-1
3<x<1
/

-1
x^2-2x-3->0 (x+1)(x-3)->0
.t3`x-<-1 x->3

64
360
2x^2-1->x^2 -x^2-2x+24>0

361
x^2-2x-2-<0 x^2+4x+1>0

x^2-2x-2=0 x=1/+-rt3

1-rt3 -<x-<1+rt3
x^2+4x+1=0 x=-2/+-rt3

x<-2-rt3 x>-2+rt3

64
362
x^2-4x+2<0 x^2+6x-3->0

192
 ax^2&+bx+c=0`(a>0) D D>0

D-<0

D>0
D D>0
alpha beta`(alpha<beta) ax^2+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)
f(x)=ax^2+bx+c (a>0) x

D>0 y
y=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)>0 x<alpha x>beta
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)->0 x-<alpha x->beta + +
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)<0 alpha<x<beta O alpha - beta x

ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)-<0 alpha-<x-<beta a>0

D=0
D D=0
alpha ax^2+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2
f(x)=ax^2+bx+c (a>0) x

y y=a(x-alpha)
D=0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2>0 xnot=alpha
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2->0 + +

ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2<0 alpha
O x
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2-<0 x=alpha a>0

4 193
 D<0
D D<0
ax^2+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2+( )
f(x)=ax^2+bx+c (a>0) x

y y=a(x-alpha) +
D<0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2&+( )>0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2&+( )->0 + +

ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2&+( )<0 alpha x

O
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2&+( )-<0 a>0

x^2-2x+2<0 (x-1+i)(x-1-i)<0
1-i<x<1+i

x^2-2x+2<0 (x-1)^2+1<0

ax^2+bx+c=0`(a>0) D alpha beta (alpha-<beta)

ax^2+bx+c>0 ax^2+bx+c->0 ax^2+bx+c<0 ax^2+bx+c-<0

" # !
D>0 x<alpha x>beta x-<alpha x->beta alpha<x<beta alpha-<x-<beta

D=0 xnot=alpha x=alpha

" !

D<0

194
363
x^2-6x+9>0 4x^2+4x+1->0

x^2-8x+16<0 x^2+3x+9
4-<0
/

D=0 (ax+b)^2 !

(x-3)^2>0 xnot=3
(2x+1)^2->0
(x-4)^2<0

Ñx+3
2^)^^2-<0
/ x=-3
2
/

64
364
x^2+2x+1-<0 25x^2-10x+1<0

x^2+4x+4->0 x^2-x+1
4>0
/

365
x^2+6x+10>0 x^2+8x+18<0 x^2-x+1->0

D<0 a(x-alpha)^2+( ) !

(x+3)^2+1>0
(x+4)^2+2<0

(x-1
2^)^^2+3
/ 4->0
/

64
366
x^2-2x+3-<0 x^2+4x+5>0 x^2-3x+3<0

4 195
 367 32m 20m 32`m

20`m
160m^2

xm (32-x)m
(20-x)m
160m^2
(32-x)(20-x)->160 x^2-52x+640->160
x^2-52x+480->0 (x-12)(x-40)->0
.t3 x-<12 x->40
0<x<20
0<x-<12
12 m

65
368 40 96

D>0

D-<0

196
 0 x

369 x^2+|x-2|->2x

0 x=2

par x->2
r1 x^2+(x-2)->2x x^2-x-2->0 (x+1)(x-2)->0
.t3`x-<-1 x->2
x->2 x->2 ……
par x<2
r2 x^2-(x-2)->2x x^2-3x+2->0 (x-1)(x-2)->0
.t3`x-<1 x->2
x<2 x-<1 ……
x-<1 x->2

65
370 2x^2-2x>|x-1|

371
|x^2-10|>15 x^2-2|x|-3<0

|x|<a |x|>a ax^2&+b|x|+c<0

|x^2-10|>15 x^2-10<-15 x^2-10>15

par x^2-10<-15
r1 x^2+5<0 ……
par x^2-10>15
r2 x^2-25>0 (x+5)(x-5)>0
.t3`x<-5 x>5 ……
x<-5 x>5
x^2-2|x|-3<0 |x|^2-2|x|-3<0 (|x|-3)(|x|+1)<0
`|x|+1>0 `|x|-3<0 |x|<3 .t3`-3<x<3

65
372
|x^2-5|-<4 x^2+|x|-2->0

4 197
 alpha<x<beta x^2 1
(x-alpha)(x-beta)<0 x^2-(alpha+beta)x+alphabeta<0
x<alpha x>beta x^2 1
(x-alpha)(x-beta)>0 x^2-(alpha+beta)x+alphabeta>0

x ax^2+bx+c>0 y=ax +bx+c

x
a>0 D<0
a=0 b=0 c>0 x

x ax^2+bx+c->0 y=ax +bx+c

x
a>0 D-<0
x
a=0 b=0 c->0
x ax^2+bx+c<0 x

x
a<0 D<0
y=ax +bx+c
a=0 b=0 c<0
x ax^2+bx+c-<0 x

x
a<0 D-<0
y=ax +bx+c
a=0 b=0 c-<0

a 0
x ax^2+bx+c>0
par anot=0
r1

! !
y=ax^2+bx+c [ 1]
a>0 D=b^2-4ac<0 "#$ "#$

par a=0
r2
y=bx+c [ 2]
a=0 b=0 c>0

198
373 3x^2-ax+b>0 x<1 x>2 a b

3x^2-ax+b=0 x=1 x=2

1+2=a
3 1\2=b
/ 3
/ .t3`a=9 b=6

1 x<1 x>2
(x-1)(x-2)>0 .t3`x^2-3x+2>0
3 3x^2-9x+6>0
a=9 b=6

65
374 2x^2+ax+b<0 1<x<3 a b

375 ax^2+5x+b>0 3<x<1

/
1 2
/ a b

>0 a<0

ax^2+bx+c=0 x=1
3
/ x=1
2
/

aÑx-1
3^)(x-1
/ 2^)>0 a(x^2-5
/ 6&x+1
/ 6^)>0
/ .t3`ax^2-5
6&ax+1
/ 6&a>0
/

-5
6&a=5 1
/ 6&a=b
/ .t3`a=-6 b=-1

65
376 ax^2+7x+b>0 5<x<1
/
1 2
/ a b

4 199
 377 x x^2-(m+2)x+2m -1 m

x^2-(m+2)x+2m>-1 x^2-(m+2)x+2m+1>0
x
x^2-(m+2)x+2m+1=0 D
D={-(m+2)}^2-4(2m+1)<0, m^2-4m<0, m(m-4)<0
.t3`0<m<4

65
378 x x^2+mx+m -3 m

379 x (m-1)x^2-2(m-1)x+3>0
m

par mnot=1
r1 m-1>0 .t3`m>1 ……
(m-1)x^2-2(m-1)x+3=0 D
D
={-(m-1)}^2-3(m-1)<0 m^2-5m+4<0 (m-1)(m-4)<0
4
.t3`1<m<4 ……
1<m<4
par m=1
r2 3>0
par r2
r1 par 1-<m<4

1<m<4
0

65
380 x mx^2+mx+1>0 m

200
381 ax^2+2ax-1>0 a

a
a

x
ax^2+2ax-1≤0 a<0
ax^2+2ax-1=0 D
D
=a^2+a≤0 a(a+1)≤0 .t3 -1≤a≤0
4
-1-<a<0

66
382 ax^2-6x+a>0 a

383 0≤x≤2 x^2-2x+a^2-3>0 a

f(x)=x^2-2x+a^2-3
0≤x≤2 y=f(x)

y=f(x)
f(x)=x^2-2x+a^2-3=(x-1)^2+a^2-4
f(1)=a^2-4>0 (a+2)(a-2)>0
.t3 a<-2 a>2 0 1 2 x

66
384 -3≤x≤1 x^2+4x-a^2+a+10>0 a

4 201
 f(x)>0&
Õ f(x)>0 g(x)>0
g(x)>0&
f(x)<g(x)<h(x) f(x)<g(x) g(x)<h(x)

x^2&-4x>0
385 Õ
x^2-x-2-<0

f(x)>0
Õ f(x)>0 g(x)>0
&g(x)>0&

x^2-4x>0 x(x-4)>0
.t3`x<0 x>4 ……
x^2-x-2-<0 (x+1)(x-2)-<0

"# $ % & !
.t3`-1-<x-<2 ……
-1-<x<0

66
386
x<3x+6 2x^2-5x+2->0
Õ Õ
x^2+5x-6<0 2x^2-3x-5-<0

A<B<C

387 x^2+2x-15-<8x+1<x^2+8

f(x)<g(x)<h(x) f(x)<g(x) g(x)<h(x)

x^2+2x-15-<8x+1 x^2-6x-16-<0
(x+2)(x-8)-<0 .t3`-2-<x-<8 ……
8x+1<x^2+8 x^2-8x+7>0
(x-1)(x-7)>0 .t3`x<1 x>7 ……
-2-<x<1 7<x-<8 "# $ % & !

66
388 -x<x^2-<2x+3

202
 x^2-2x-8<0
389 Õ
x^2+(a-1)x-a->0
1-<x<4 a

x^2-2x-8<0 (x+2)(x-4)<0
.t3 -2<x<4
x^2+(a-1)x-a->0 (x+a)(x-1)->0
par -a>1
r1 a<-1 x-<1 x->-a
par -a=1
r2 a=-1
par -a<1
r3 a>-1 x-<-a x->1
1-<x<4
x-<-a x->1

a
-a -2 1 4 x
-a-<-2 .t3 a->2

a=2 x-<-2 x->1 1-<x<4

66
x^2-5x+6>0
390 Õ 3<x≤6 a
x^2-(a+6)x+6a≤0

4 203
 ax^2&+bx+c=0 (a b c a beta D

D≥0 alpha+beta>0 alphabeta>0

D≥0 alpha+beta<0 alphabeta>0

alphabeta<0

alpha+beta>0 alphabeta>0
D≥0

D≥0
alpha beta alpha=3+i beta=3-i
alpha+beta=6>0 alphabeta=10>0 alpha>0 beta>0
alpha+beta<0 alphabeta>0
D≥0
alphabeta<0

alphabeta<0 D>0

alphabeta=c
a<0
/ a c ac<0

.t3`D=b^2&-4ac>0
alphabeta<0 D>0

alpha+beta=0 alphabeta<0
alpha+beta>0 alphabeta<0
alpha+beta<0 alphabeta<0

204
391 x^2&-(m+2)x+m+5=0 m

alpha beta D

D≥0 alpha+beta>0 alphabeta>0

par D={-(m+2)}^2&-4(m+5)≥0
r1
m^2&-16≥0 (m+4)(m-4)≥0
.t3`m≤-4 m≥4 ……
par alpha+beta=m+2>0
r2 m>-2 ……
par alphabeta=m+5>0
r3 m>-5 ……` !" !# !$ # %

m≥4

D≥0 alpha+beta<0 alphabeta>0

par D={-(m+2)}^2&-4(m+5)≥0
r1
m^2&-16≥0 (m+4)(m-4)≥0
.t3`m≤-4 m≥4 ……
par alpha+beta=m+2<0
r2 m<-2 ……
par alphabeta=m+5>0
r3 m>-5 …… "# "$ "% $ !

-5<m≤-4

alphabeta<0
alphabeta=m+5<0 m<-5

66
392 x^2&-2mx+m+2=0 m

4 205
 393 x^2&+2(m-1)x+m-3=0
m

alphabeta<0
alpha+beta<0

alpha beta
par
r1
alphabeta=m-3<0 .t3`m<3 ……`
par
r2
alpha+beta=-2(m-1)<0 .t3`m>1 ……`
1<m<3

67
394 x x^2&+(m+2)x+m^2&-m-12=0
m

395 x x^2&-(m^2&-2m-8)x-m+2=0
m

alpha+beta=0 alphabeta<0

alpha beta
par
r1 alpha+beta=m^2&-2m-8=0
(m+2)(m-4)=0 .t3`m=-2 m=4 ……
par
r2
alphabeta=-m+2<0 .t3`m>2 ……
m 4

67
396 x x^2&+(m^2&+3m-10)x+m+1=0
m

206
 ax^2&+bx&+c=0 p q

p p
p p q
p 0

ax^2&+bx+c=0 (a>0)

#$%&'(")
"$*+
-
,
.
D≥0
p f(p)>0
!/ 0 " x=-b
2
/
a>p

#$%&'(")
"$*+
-
,
.
D≥0
p f(p)>0
/ 0 !" x=-b
2
/
a<p

%&'()*$+

!
p f(p)<0

" # $

$%&'()#*
#%+,
.
-
/
D≥0
p q f(p)>0 f(q)>0
( p<q) "0 1 !# p<-b
2
/
a<q

( )

! !
p f(p)<0

" "
par
r1 p y=f(x) x=p
x D
par
r2 p "#$%
'
&
( "#$%
'
&
(

! !
p
" "

4 207
 397 x^2&-2mx+3m=0 m

1
1
1

par
r1 D=b^2&-4ac par
r2 f(1) par
r3 x=&-b
2
/
a

f(x)=x^2&-2mx&+3m f(x)=0 D
y=f(x)
D
par
r1 =(-m)^2&-3m≥0 m(m-3)->0
4
.t3`m-<0 m->3 …… ! "
par f(1)=1-2m+3m>0
r2
.t3`m>-1 ……
par y=f(x)
r3 x=m
m>1 ……
m≥3
y=f(x)
D
par
r1 =(-m)^2&-3m->0 m(m-3)->0
4
.t3 m-<0 m->3 …… ! "

par f(1)=1-2m+3m>0
r2
.t3`m>-1 ……
par y=f(x)
r3 x=m
m<1 ……
-1<m≤0
y=f(x)

!
f(1)=1-2m+3m<0
.t3`m<-1 "

67
398 x^2&-2mx+2m+8=0 m

1
1
1

208
399 x^2&+2mx&+m=0 -1 1 m

f(x)=x^2&+2mx+m f(x)=0 D
y=f(x)

!" " #
D
par
r1 =m^2&-m->0 m(m-1)->0
4
.t3 m≤0 m->1 ……
par f(-1)=1-2m+m>0
r2 .t3 m<1

f(1)=1+2m+m>0 .t3 m>-1

3
/

.t3`-1
3<m<1
/ ……

par y=f(x)
r3 x=-m
-1<-m<1 .t3`-1<m<1 ……

-1
3<m-<0
/

67
400 x^2&+2x+m&-5=0 -2 1 m

401 x^2&+(m-1)x+m-2=0 0 0 1
m

f(x)=x^2&+(m-1)x+m-2 y=f(x)

!
" #
f(0)=m-2<0 .t3`m<2 ……
f(1)=1+(m-1)+m-2>0 .t3`m>1 ……
1<m<2
68
402 x x^2&+(m^2&-1)x+m-2=0 -1 1
m

4 209
 x [x] [ ]
[x] x

!" !# !$ % $ # " &

'!#(#)*!" '!%(+)*!$ '%(,)*% '#(-)*#

[x]= x =x
x [x]= x
x [x]=x
[x]=n n-<x<n+1` n

[x] x x x
[x]
[x] n-<x<n+1 n
[x]=2 x
2-<x<3

1 ( [x] x )

[2] [-2] [5
2]
/ [-5
2]
/

2 x
( [x] x )
[x]=5 [x]=0 [x]=-5

1 [2]=2 [-2]=-2

[5
2]&=[2.5]=2
/ [-5
2]&=[-2.5]=-3
/

2 5-<x<6 0-<x<1 -5-<x<-4

y=[x] x
"
&
[x]
'
''

%
-1-<x<0 [x]=-1 y=-1
$
#% #$
0-<x<1 [x]=0 y=0
1-<x<2 [x]=1 y=1
! $ % & !
#$
#%
2-<x<3 [x]=2 y=2
y=[x]
'
''

210
403 ( [x] x )
[x]^2-3[x]+2=0 2[x]^2-[x]-3=0

[x] [x]=n n-<x<n+1

([x]-1)([x]-2)=0 .t3`[x]=1 [x]=2

1-<x<2 2-<x<3 1-<x<3
([x]+1)(2[x]-3)=0 .t3`[x]=-1 [x]=3
2
/
[x] [x]=-1 .t3`-1-<x<0

68
404 ( [x] x )
[x]^2-5[x]+6=0 2[x]^2+3[x]-2=0

405 ( [x] x )
[x]^2+5[x]+4<0 3[x]^2-7[x]+2-<0

[x] [x]

([x]+4)([x]+1)<0 .t3`-4<[x]<-1
[x] [x] -3 -2
[x]=-3 -3-<x<-2 [x]=-2 -2-<x<-1
.t3`-3-<x<-1

(3[x]-1)([x]-2)-<0 .t3`1
3-<[x]-<2
/

[x] [x] 1 2
[x]=1 1-<x<2 [x]=2 2-<x<3
.t3`1-<x<3

68
406 ( [x] x )
[x]^2-4[x]+3<0 2[x]^2-7[x]+3-<0

0
[x]=n n-<x<n+1`( n )

4 211
 68

407 410
y=f(x) y y=f(x) -1<x<1
y=g(x) x^2-(a^2-1)x-a-2<0
-1 O 234 x a
f(x)-g(x)-<0 y=g(x)

-1 1 2
3 4

411
ax^2-8x+a-6≤0
a

408
x^2-3x-5≤0 a≤x≤b
a^2+b^2
412
x^2+(k-4)x+k-1=0
k

409
x rtx^2-2kx+k+2 413
k x^2+x-6>0
Õ
|x-a|-<1
a

212
 4

a>b b>c a>c

a>b a+c>b+c a-c>b-c

a>b c>0 ac>bc a

c>b
/ c(
/ )

a>b c<0 ac<bc a

c<b
/ c(
/ )

0
|a|=a (a->0) |a|=-a (a<0)

|x|<a -a<x<a
|x|>a x<-a x>a
a<|x|<b -b<x<-a a<x<b

ax^2&+bx+c=0 (a>0) D alpha beta (alpha≤beta)

D>0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)->0 `alpha<beta x-<alpha x->beta
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)(x-beta)-<0 `alpha<beta &alpha-<x-<beta
D=0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2->0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2-<0 x=alpha
D<0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2&+( )->0
ax^2&+bx+c=a(x-alpha)^2&+( )-<0

x ax^2&+bx+c>0 a>0 D<0

x ax^2&+bx+c->0 a>0 D-<0
x ax^2&+bx+c<0 a<0 D<0
x ax^2&+bx+c-<0 a<0 D-<0

4 213
STEP 1 417
10 % 100 g
414 5% 8%
(a-b)x+a+b>0 x<3
ax+2b+3a>0
( a b )
x>-7 x>-4 x>-2
x<-7 x<-4

418
ax^2&+bx+c>0 -1<x<2
cx^2&-ax-b<0
alpha<x<beta alphabeta

415 ( a b c )
|5x-12|≤k-5
k

419
f(x)<0 1<x<4
f(x-3)->0 x
416
x-5&-<2(x-4)<3x+k
1 3 5
x->3 k
7 9

214
 4
69

420 423
x^2-kx+2=0
x^2&-2x+1>0 x^2&+6x+9-<0 x^2-x-2=0
4x^2->4x-1 48x-9>64x^2 k
x^2&-x-2-<0

STEP 2
421
x 424
x^2+(m+2)x+2m+1>0 0<x<3 x
m 2m-mx>1-2x m
3 4 5
6 7

425
422 ||2x-1|-3|≤4 x
x^2&-(a+5)x+5a<0
M m M-m
x^2&-4x+3>0 4
a

4 215
 4
71

426 429
|x-1|+rtx^2+6x+9≥x+4 0-<x-<4 x^2&-2mx+2m+3>0
m

427

3x^2&-2(a+b+c)x+ab+bc+ca-<0 430
x-4 x x+4
a+c
/
b b+a
/ c
/
x

428
a<0 x
431
(x-a)^2<a^2
Õ b<x<b+1 2[x+2]^2&-9[x]-14-<0 .
x^2+a<(a+1)x
( , [x] x )
a+b ( a b )

216
-
-
! " &P &C
 2

A B C

A B C
A B
>??C

=B

B C

(A B C)
( ) ( ) …

3\3\3=27

220
001 4 1 1 2 3 3

1`
par 1
r1 par 2
r2 par 3
r3

2
1 3 1 1
1 3 1 2
1
1 2 2 3
3 3 2
1 1
1
3
2

par r3
r1 par 6+3+3=12

73
002 4 1 2 3 4 a_1&a_2&a &a a_1not=1
a =4

003 A B C

A B B C C A A B C
C A
B A C
A C B A C B A B
C B A
2

73
004 3

1 221
 A B A B m n
A B m+n

A m B n
A B m\n

A m B n A B
l A B m+n-l

P Q

! "
! "

P Q 3 2

P 3 Q
P 2 Q
P Q 3+2=5
3 2
P 3 2 Q
P Q 3\2=6

! "
! "

P Q

P Q

222
005 3 4

3+4=7
3\4=12

73
006 5 3

007 !

( )
"

A 2\2=4
B 3\1=3
A B 2\2\1=4
B A 3\2\2=12

4+3+4+12=23

73
008 A B C D #

! "
A C
( )
$

1 223
 009 A B 5

1 2 3 … 6 2 3 4 … 12
5 5 10 + 1 2 3 4 5 6
A B 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
par
r1 5
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(1 4) (2 3) (3 2) (4 1) 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
par
r2 10 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
(4 6) (5 5) (6 4) 3
par r2
r1 par 4+3=7

73
010 4

011 100 200 500 3 1 3

1500 ( )

ax+by+cz=d
1 2 3 …

100 200 500 x y z

100x+200y+500z=1500
.t3`x+2y+5z=15
1 x->1 y->1 z->1

par z=1
r1 x+2y=10
`(x y) (2 4) (4 3) (6 2) (8 1)
par z=2
r2 x+2y=5
`(x y) (1 2) (3 1)
par r2
r1 par 4+2=6

73
012 100 500 1000 3 1 3
4000 ( )

224
013 (a+b)(x+y+z)

x
a b x y z
a y
z
2\3=6
x
b y
z

74
014 (a+b)(c+d+e)( f+g+h+i)

015 24

24 24=2^3&\3 24 \ 1 2 2^2 2^3

2^3 1 2 2^2 2^3 3 1 1\1 1\2 1\2^2 1\2^3
1 3 3 3\1 3\2 3\2^2 3\2^3

24
4\2=8

p &\q^n (p q m n (m+1)(n+1)

74
016 72

1 225
 017 A B C D E 5 !

%
" $
#
( )

A
A 5
B A 4
C A B 3
D A C 3
E A D 3
5\4\3\3\3=540

D B E

"
A B C D

! $

A 4 #

B A 3
C B 3
D A C A C

A 4 B 3
par A C
r1
C A 1
D A C 3
.t3`4\3\1\3=36
par A C
r2
C A B 2
D A C 2
.t3`4\3\2\2=48
par r2
r1 par 36+48=84
74
018 5

( )

226
019 100 1 50 2 10 3
( 0 )

100 1 0 1 2
50 2 0 1 2 3
10 3 0 1 2 3 4
2\3\4-1=23
(0 1
100 1 0 100 ……
50 2 0 50 100 ……
10 3 0 10 20 30
100 100 1 50 2
50 4 10 3
50 4 0 1 2 3 4 5
10 3 0 1 2 3 4
5\4-1=19
(0 1

p q r
(p+1)(q+1)( +1)-1

74
020 100 2 50 2 10 3
( 0 )

1 227
 74

021 025

3 6 360 540
4 540

022 026
100 1 50 3 10
2
a
b a+b
( 0 )

027
023
#
O A
1 100 4 9
% ! "
B C D5 5

( )
024
2x+y≤8 x y
(x y)

228
3 a b c 2

ab ac bc ab ac ba bc ca cb

n r n r
P
&

&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \(n-r+1) ( 0< -<n)

k

r
n 1 r

n r
n
(n-1)

r (r-1) n-(r-1) (n-r+1)

… r
_ _ _ _
n (n-1) (n-2) … (n-r+1)
&P
&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \(n-r+1) ( 0< -<n)

P permutation P
& npr

3 2
5 3

P
& _2=3\2=6 &P =5\4\3=60

1 229
 &P

n
1 n n n!
n!=n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \3\2\1

&P &P 0!
n!
& =
P ( 0-< -<n)
(n-r)!
&P =n!&&=n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \3\2\1
&P =1 0!&=1

n! n (~factorial) n 1 n

P
&
&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\…\(n-r+1)
v

S
s

S
w

r
(n-r)(n-r-1)\ … \3\2\1
(n-r)(n-r-1)\ … \3\2\1
n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \(n-r+1)(n-r)(n-r-1)\ … \3\2\1 n!
&P = =
(n-r)(n-r-1)\ … \3\2\1 (n-r)!
n n r=n
&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \3\2\1
&P =n!
n!
&P r=n &P =n!= 0!=1
0!
n!
r=0 &P = &P =1
n!

&P n!

028
&P 5! &P &P 0!

&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \(n-r+1) ( 0< -<n)

P
& =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \3\2\1=n!

&P =6\5\4=120 5!=5\4\3\2\1=120

&P =4!=4\3\2\1=24 &P =1
0!=1

76
029
&P _2&P_2 &P_1 3! 1!

230
 &P

030 n r `( n r )
&P =210 &P_2=90 &P =20 &P_2

&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \(n-r+1) ( 0< -<n)

&P 7 1 r
&P =210=7\6\5 =3
&P_2 n 1 2
&P_2=90=10\9 n=10

n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)=20n(n-1)
&P n->4 n(n-1)not=0
n(n-1) (n-2)(n-3)=20 n^2&-5n-14=0
(n+2)(n-7)=0
n->4 n+2not=0 .t3`n=7

76
031 n r `( n r )
&P =60 &P_2=30 &P =30 &P

032 1< -<n P

& =(n- +1)\ &P _1

n!
P
& = !
(n-r)!

(n-r+1)\ &P _1
n!
=(n-r+1)\
(n-r+1)!
n! (m+1)!=(m+1)m(m-1)\…\3\2\1
=(n-r+1)\
(n-r+1)(n-r)! =(m+1)m!
n!
= = &P
(n-r)!

76
033 1< -<n P
& =n\ _1&P _1

1 231
 034
5
5 3

n r P
&

5 5
&P =5!=5\4\3\2\1=120
5 3
&P =5\4\3=60

76
035
6
10 1

036 9 r 72 r

&P

9 r 72
&P =72=9\8 .t3`r=2

76
037 n 2 56 n

232
 \

038 4 3 3

3 5

` ` ` ` ` ` `

5 5!=120
3 3!=6

120\6=720

76
039 2 3 2

1 233
 040 4 3

A B2

4 4!=24

\ \ \ \ \

3
5 3
&P =60
24\60=1440
2 3 5!=120
A B

\ \ \ \ \ \

A, B
6 2 A B
&P_2=30

120\30=3600

A B A B

7 7!=5040
A B A B 6!\2=1440
A B
7!-2\6!=5040-1440=3600
3

76
041 3 3

234
 ~

042 korea 5

… …

~ ~
~ ~ `
~ ~
~ ~ barr

par 5
r1 5!=120
par
r2
(o e a 2 \ 3
= &P_2&\3!=36
par r2
r1 par 120-36=84

77
043 region 6

044 3 3

par
r1
3 3!
3 3! 3!\3!=36
par
r2
3 3!
3 3! 3!\3!=36
par r2
r1 par 36+36=72

77
045 PROMISE 7

1 235
 046 wor cu p 8
w p
w 3

w ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~p
~ ~ ~ w 3

w p 6
6!=720
w 6 3 w
&P =120~
w ~ ~ ~ 4 ,` ~,` ,`~

4!=24
w 2!=2
120\24\2=5760

77
047 olympic 7
o c
o m 3

048 a b c e5 52

a b 4!=24
24\2=48 52 c 4
cab e cabe ca be ca eb …
52 cadeb

77
049 pencil 6 lecipn

236
050 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 4

0 0

4 4

~ ~ ~ ` 0
0 1 2 3 4 5
5 ~ ~ ~

5 3
` 5 \ &P
&P =60

5\60=300
~ ~ ~ `
~ ~ ~0 ~ ~ ~2 ~ ~ ~4
par
r1 ~ ~ ~0 ` & &P =60
par
r2 ~ ~ ~2 ~ ~ ~4 ` & 0 2\(4\ &P_2)=96
par r2
r1 par 60+96=156
~ ~ ~ 4 4
Õ

4
~ ~04 ~ ~12 ~ ~20 ~ ~24 ~ ~32 ~ ~40 ~ ~52
par
r1 ~ ~04 ~ ~20 ~ ~40 3\ P_2=36
par
r2 ~ ~12 ~ ~24 ~ ~32 ~ ~52 0
4\(3\3)=36
par r2
r1 par 4
36+36=72

2 0 2
3 3
4 00 4
5 0 5
9 9

77
051 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 3

1 237
 052 5 1 2 3 4 5 32000

32

par 1
r1 ~ ~ ~
1 4
4!=24
par 2
r2 ~ ~ ~
2 4
4!=24
par 31
r3 ~ ~
3 1 3
3!=6
par
r1 par
r3 24+24+6=54

32000
par 32~ ~ ~
r1 34~ ~ ~ 35~ ~ ~ 3
3\3!=18
par 4
r2 ~ ~ ~ 5 ~ ~ ~ 4
2\4!=48
par r2
r1 par 32000
18+48=66
5
5!=120
32000
120-66=54

78
053 4 1 2 3 4 2300

n r &P

238
 78

054 058
n triangle 8
t a 2
P &+3 P_2=7 _1P_2
P : _1P =5`:`2

055
3 n 059
7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 4
144 n

056
special 7

060
A B C D E F G7 A
B D E F

057
5 5

1 239
 n r n r
&C
r

&P n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \(n-r+1)
&C = = 0-< -<n)
r! r!

n r &C r
r! n r P
&
&P
&C &\r!= &P .t3` &C =
r!

n r
1 &P r!
3 a b c 2 &C_2
2 2!
C
& _2&\2!
3 2 &P_2
& _2
C
& _2&\2!= P_2 .t3` C
& _2=
2!
&C_2 2! &P_2
&a b c 2 a b c 2
2 \ =

3 2
5 3

& _2 3\2 & 5\4\3

&C_2= 2! = 2\1 =3 &C = 3! = 3\2\1 =10

240
 n!
&C = ( 0-< -<n)
r!(n-r)!
& =1 &C =1 &C_1=n
C
&C = &C ( 0-< -<n)
&C = _1&C _1&+ _1&C ( 1-< -<n-1)

n! &P n!
&P = &C = =
(n-r)! r! r!(n-r)!
&P
& =
C =11=1
/ &P =1 0!=1
0!
&P n!
&C = = =1 &P =n!
n! n!
&P_1
&C_1= =/
1=n &P_1=n
1!
n!
&C =
(n-r)!{n-(n-r)}!
n! n!
= =
(n-r)!r! r!(n-r)!
=C
&
.t3` &C = &C
(n-1)! (n-1)!
_1&C _1= =
(r-1)!{(n-1)-(r-1)}! (r-1)!(n-r)!
(n-1)! (n-1)!
_1&C = =
r!{(n-1)-r}! r!(n-r-1)!
(n-1)! (n-1)!
.t3` _1&C _1&+ _1&C = +
(r-1)!(n-r)! r!(n-r-1)!
r(n-1)! (n-r)(n-1)!
= +
r!(n-r)! r!(n-r)!
(n-1)!(r+n-r)
=
r!(n-r)!
n(n-1)!
=
r!(n-r)!
n!
=
r!(n-r)!
= &C

&C = &C
n r (n-r) (n-r) r
n r n (n-r)

&C r
_1 &C =_1 &C_1 =_1 &C_1=100

1 241
 &C

061
&C &C _1 &C_1 _2 &C_1

&C r n
&C = &C

&C =1
&P 8\7\6
&C = = =56
3! 3\2\1
_1 &C_1 =1
_2 &P_2 20\19
_2 &C_1 =_2 &C_2= = =190
2! 2\1

79
062
_1 &C_1 C
& _2 &C _1 &C_1_2

&C

063 n r ( n r )
_1 &C =_1 &C &C = &C
&C =20 12 &C =6 &P_2&+ P
&

&C = &C C
& = &C x=r x=n-r

_1 &C =_1 &C =4 =6

&C = &C n-6=8 .t3`n=14
n(n-1)(n-2)
&C =20 =20
3\2\1
n(n-1)(n-2)=6\5\4 .t3`n=6
n(n-1)(n-2)
12\ =6n(n-1)+n(n-1)(n-2)
3\2\1
n->3 n(n-1)
2(n-2)=6+n-2 .t3`n=8

79
064 n r ( n r )
&C = C
& &C = C
&
&C_2=10 &P =2 C
& _2&+ &P_2

242
065
10 1
10 3

3
3

10 3
_1 &P =10\9\8=720
10 3
10\9\8
_1 &C = =120
3\2\1

79
066
5 1
5 2

067
6 4 4 2
6 4 3 3

6 4 &C = &C_2=15
4 2 &C_2=6
15\6=90
6 3 &C =20
4 3 &C = &C_1=4
20+4=24

79
068
7 5 2 2
7 5 4

1 243
 069 9 4
2
2

2 7 2 &C_2=21
2 7 4 &C = &C =35

79
070 7 4

071 9 5 3
1
1

14 3 _1 &C =364
5 3 &C = C_2=10
364-10=354
14 3 _1 &C =364
9 3 &C =84
5 3 &C = C_2=10
364-(84+10)=270

80
072 5 4 3
1
1

244
073 5 4 3 2

par
r1 5 3 4 2
&C &\ &C_2= &C_2&\ C_2=10\6=60
par
r2 5 5!=120
par r2
r1 par
60\120=7200

80
074 5 5 2 3

075 1 6 a_1 a_2 a … a

a_1>a >a a_2>a

. 1 .

6 3 a_1 a a
3 2 a_2 a
&C &\ &C_2= C &\ C_1=20\3=60

80
076 5 1 2 3 4 5 3
321

1 245
 n 2

&C_2 ( n->2)

n 3

&C ( n->3)

3 .

n
&C_2&-n ( n->3)

n
2 n

m n
&C_2&\ &C_2 ( m->2 n->2)

2 2

246
077 10
2
3

1 1

10 2
_1 &C_2=45
5 2
&C_2=10

45-10+1=36
10 3
_1 &C =120
5 3
&C = C_2=10

120-10=110

80
078 9

2
3

1 247
 079

8 2 8
&C_2&-8=28-8=20

n(n-3) 8\5
n=8 =20
2 2

n (n-3)
n(n-3)
2
n(n-3)
= &C_2&-n
2

80
080 27 n

081 5 4

2 2

5 2 4 2
&C_2&\ &C_2=10\6=60

80
082 4
4

248
 n p q r (p+q+ =n) 3
p q r &C &\ &C &\ &C
1
p q r &C &\ &C &\ &C &\
2!
1
p q r &C &\ &C &\ &C &\
3!

k k!

4 A B C D 2

1 3 2 2

AB @@ CD

A BCD AC @@ BD

B ACD AD @@ BC

C ABD BC @@ AD

D ABC BD @@ AC

CD @@ AB

4 1 3 3 4 2 2 2

C
& _1&\ &C =4 &C_2&\_2&C_2=6
2!
1
&C_2&\_2&C_2&\ =3
2!

n n n \n!

n n! n!

1 249
 083 9 3
2 3 4 2 2 5 3 3 3

n k k!

9 2 7 3 4 4
.t3` &C_2&\ C
& &\ &C =36\35\1=1260
2 2!
1
.t3` &C_2&\ C
& _2&\ &C &\ =36\21\1\1
2=378
/
2!
3 3!
1
.t3` &C &\ C
& &\ &C &\ =84\20\1\1
6=280
/
3!

80
084 5 1 2 2 3

085 10 3 3 4 3 3

par
r1 3 3
7 3 4
&C &\ C
& =35\1=35
par
r2 3 4
7 3 3 1
1
&C &\ C
& &\_1&C_1&\ =35\4\1\1
2=70
/
2!
par r2
r1 par 35+70=105

80
086 10 3 3 4 3

250
087 6

6 2 4
&C_2&\ &C =15\1=15
4 2 2
1
C
& _2&\_2&C_2&\ =6\1\1
2=3
/
2!
15\3=45

81
088 7

089 6 3 3
1 2 3 1 1 4 2 2 2

3
3 3!

( &C_1&\ &C_2&\ &C )\3!=(6\10\1)\6=360

1
( &C_1&\ &C_1&\ &C &\ Ò\3!=Ñ6\5\1\1
2^)\6=90
/
2!
1
( &C_2&\ &C_2&\_2&C_2&\ Ò\3!=(15\6\1\1
6^)\6=90
/
3!

81
090 8 2 4 4

1 251
 81

091 095
&P_2&+4 &C = &P n
7 4

092

120

096
6

093
5
3 4
2
1

097
7 1 8
094 7 3
9 5 2 3 3
( )

252
 1

( )

n!
&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \(n-r+1)= `( 0< -<n)
(n-r)!
&P =n(n-1)(n-2)\ … \3\2\1=n!
&P =1 0!=1

:( )
\( )
:( )
\( )
:( )-( )
:

&P n!
&C = = `( 0-< -<n)
r! r!(n-r)!
&C =1 C
& =1 C
& _1=n
&C = &C ( 0-< -<n)
&C = _1&C _1&+ _1&C `( 1-< -<n-1)

n p q r (p+q+ =n) 3
p q r C
& &\ &C &\ &C
1
p q r m &C &\ &C &\ &C &\
m!

n n (n )\n!

1 253
STEP 1 101
5 0 1 2 3 4 3
098 3

102
1 2 2 4 6
6
099
(a+b+c)(p+q+ )-(a+b)(s+t)

1
5 7 9
2
11 13

100
96 120 144
#
! " 168 192
A B
C

&
A 103
B C 5 a b c e

B A 75
abce abec acbe
aceb aebc

254
 1
82

104 STEP 2

5 6 107
4 2
a b x
x^2&+ax+b=0 a b
(a b)

105
6
108
369 1
3 3 3 6 9
3 13 60 396
462 900 3 6 9
1 999

106

8
109
a e i o u 5 e
i i u

1 255
 1
84

110 112
2
8 5
( 3
) 2

(
)

111

4
113
6
6
3

256
 `j` a b e f
p3 4±q3 4
c d g h
`i`
( a
) =3
pa±qe
pc±qg
pb±qf
pd±qh
4

a b x u ax+by au+bv
3 43 4=3 4
c d y v cx+dy cu+dv
 1 2
3 4
3 4

x+2y=5
Õ
2x+3y=8

2x+4y=10
2 Õ
2x+3y=8

2 n
n

x+2y=5 1 2 x 5
Õ 3 43 4=3 4
2x+3y=8 2 3 y 8

1 2 x 5
3 43 4=3 4
2 3 y 8

260
 1 2 3

( )
2 3 1 1 2 3
2\3
+ 2 4 5 6

m n m n
m\n
n\n n

A i j A (i j) a

:
:
:
:
m\n :m n
:
(i, j) : i j

a_1_1 a_1_2
A (i j) a (i=1 2 j=1 2) A=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2
A (i j) a =2i+ (i=1 2 j=1 2 3) A
a_1_1 a_1_2 a_1 2\1+1 2\1+2 2\1+3 3 4 5
A=3 4=3 4=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 a_2 2\2+1 2\2+2 2\2+3 5 6 7

3 2 3 4
3 4 (1 ) 3 4 3 4
1 1 3 1 2 3

2 3 2\3

1 261
 001
2 3 4
3 2 4
3 4 3 4 (2 4) 51 2 36
1 1 3
3 2 3

m n m\n

2\1
2\2
1\2
3\3

85
002
1 2 3 4 6
0 2
(5 3) 516 3 4 51 2 3 36
2 0
2 2 3 1 0

1 2 3
003 A=5 4 5 6 6
7 8 9
(2 3) (3 1)
a_2_1 a

A i j A (i, j) a

2 3 6
3 1 7
2 1 4
3 4

85
4 -3 1
004 A=3 4
-2 0 -6
2
(1 2) (2 1)
a_1 &+a_2_2

262
 A B A=B

a_1_1 a_1_2 b_1_1 b_1_2

A=3 4 B=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 b_2_1 b_2_2
A=B a_1_1=b_1_1 a_1_2=b_1_2 a_2_1=b_2_1 a_2_2 =b_2_2
a_1_1=b_1_1 a_1_2=b_1_2 a_2_1=b_2_1 a_2_2 =b_2_2 A=B

A B A≠B
A B C A=B B=C A=C

005 x y z
1 x+y x-1 2x-y 2 1
3 4=3 4 3 4=3 4
x -2 y-z 6 5 6

1=x+y x=-2 1=-2+y .t3 x=-2 y=3

x-1=2 …… 2x-y=1 …… y-z=5 ……
x=3 6-y=1 .t3 y=5
y=5 5-z=5 .t3 =0

85
006 x y z
x+z 4x 4 -y 5 4 y-x z^2
3 4=3 4 3 4=3 4
-7 -3 -7 x+y -1 3 x+y z^2&+z-3

+
a_1_1& a_1_2 a_1
3\3 (i, j) a 5 a_2_1 a_2_2 a_2 6
a _1 a _2 a

1 263
 85

007 010
3\2
A (i j) a P
1 -1 2 Q
(3 1 2) 3 4
4 -1 -6
A
4 -2 1
P Q
526 5 2 06
1 1 3
0 0 9 10 8 P Q
50 06 5 8 4 66
0 0 -3 1 2
P Q

008 011
A (i j) a 3a 1 -b 3x+y
A=3 4 B=3 4
A -11 7a 2x-y y
a =i+ ( i=1 2 j=1 2 3 4) A=B a+b+x+y
i=j a =2 i≠ a =1 ( a b x y )
( i=1 2 j=1 2)

012
009 1 a^2&+b^2 ab 4
3\3 A (i j) a 3 4=3 4
c-d 2 -2 cd
2j (i≤ )
a =g b+b
/
a a+c^2&+d^2
/
2i-j (i> )
( a b c d )
A

264
 + -

a_1_1 a_1_2 b_1_1 b_1_2

A=3 4 B=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 b_2_1 b_2_2
a_1_1&+b_1_1 a_1_2&+b_1_2
: A+B=3 4
a_2_1&+b_2_1 a_2_2&+b_2_2
a_1_1&-b_1_1 a_1_2&-b_1_2
: A-B=3 4
a_2_1&-b_2_1 a_2_2&-b_2_2

1
(1 1)+3 4=
1

5 3 4 7
013 A=3
4 2
4 B=3
1 8
4 A+B A-B

5 3 4 7 5+4 3+7 9 10
A+B=3 4+3 4=3 4=33 4
4 2 1 8 4+1 2+8 5 10
5 3 4 7 5-4 3-7 1 -4
A-B=3 4-3 4=3 4=33 4
4 2 1 8 4-1 2-8 3 -6

86
2 3 -1 -1 3 2
014 A=3 4 B=3 4 A+B A-B
0 -4 1 1 2 4

1 265
 A B C
: A+B=B+A
: (A+B)+C=A+(B+C)

1 2 -3 0 2 -4
A=3 4 B=3 4 C=3 4
3 4 1 6 -3 1

A+B=B+A (A+B)+C=A+(B+C)

1 2 -3 0 -2 2
A+B=3 4+3 4=3 4
3 4 1 6 4 10
-3 0 1 2 -2 2
B+A=3 4+3 4=3 4
1 6 3 4 4 10
.t3 A+B=B+A
1 2 -3 0 2 -4
(A+B)+C=g3 4+3 4h+3 4
3 4 1 6 -3 1
-2 2 2 -4 0 -2
=3 4+3 4=3 4
4 10 -3 1 1 11
1 2 -3 0 2 -4
A+(B+C)=3 4+g3 4+3 4h
3 4 1 6 -3 1
1 2 -1 -4 0 -2
=3 4+3 4=3 4
3 4 -2 7 1 11
.t3 (A+B)+C=A+(B+C)

0 O

0 0 0
(0 0) 3 4 3 4
0 0 0

266
 1 1 -1 -1
A=3 4 3 4
1 1 -1 -1
-
-A

-A
a b -a -b
A=3 4 -A=3 4
c d -c -d

O -A

A O
A+O=O+A=A
A+(-A)=(-A)+A=O
A+(-B)=A-B

5 6 0 -1
A=3 4 B=3 4
7 8 -3 7
( O )
A+O=O+A A+(-A)=(-A)+A=O A+(-B)=A-B

5 6 0 0 5 6
A+O=3 4+3 4=3 4
7 8 0 0 7 8
0 0 5 6 5 6
O+A=3 4+3 4=3 4
0 0 7 8 7 8
.t3 A+O=O+A
-5 -6
-A=3 4
-7 -8
5 6 -5 -6 0 0
A+(-A)=3 4+3 4=3 4
7 8 -7 -8 0 0
-5 -6 5 6 0 0
(-A)+A=3 4+3 4=3 4
-7 -8 7 8 0 0
.t3 A+(-A)=(-A)+A=O
0 1
-B=3 4
3 -7
5 6 0 1 5 7
A+(-B)=3 4+3 4=3 4
7 8 3 -7 10 1
5 6 0 -1 5 7
A-B=3 4-3 4=3 4
7 8 -3 7 10 1
.t3 A+(-B)=A-B

1 267
 2 5 -1 1 0 4
015 A=3
3 -4
4 B=3
6 1
4 C=3
-2 -8
4

A+B-C A-B+C

2 5 -1 1 0 4
A+B-C=3 4+3 4-3 4
3 -4 6 1 -2 -8
1 6 0 4 1 2
=3 4-3 4=33 4
9 -3 -2 -8 11 5
2 5 -1 1 0 4
A-B+C=3 4-3 4+3 4
3 -4 6 1 -2 -8
3 4 0 4 3 8
=3 4+3 4=33 4
-3 -5 -2 -8 -5 -13
86
0 1 6 -3 4 4
016 A=3 4 B=3 4 C=3 4
0 -1 2 7 -1 0
A-B-C A+(C-B)

-3 -1 1 -3
017 A=3
2 5
4 B=3
-4 -2
4 X

( O )
A+X=B X+A=O

X A B

A+X=B A
1 -3 -3 -1 4 -2
X=B-A=3 4-3 4=33 4
-4 -2 2 5 -6 -7
X+A=O A
3 1
X=O-A=-A=3
3 4
-2 -5
86
4 0 6 6
018 A=3 4 B=3 4 X
-1 -3 0 -3
( O )
X+A=B X+B=-A
X+B=O X-B=A

268
 k A k A
a_1_1 a_1_2
kA A=3 4 k
a_2_1 a_2_2
a_1_1 a_1_2 ka_1_1 ka_1_2
k A=k3 4=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 ka_2_1 ka_2_2

1 0
A=3 4 2A -3A
-2 4

1 0 2 0 1 0 -3 0
2A=23 4=3 4 -3A=-33 4=3 4
-2 4 -4 8 -2 4 6 -12

A B k l
1A=A (-1)A=-A
0A=O kO=O O
: (k& )A=k(lA)
: (k+l)A=k&A+lA k(A+B)=k&A+kB

5 3 -2 1
A=3 4 B=3 4
10 7 1 2
6A=3(2A) 3(A+B)=3A+3B

5 3 30 18 5 3 10 6 30 18
6A=63 4=3 4 3(2A)=3g23 4h=33 4=3 4
10 7 60 42 10 7 20 14 60 42
.t3 6A=3(2A)
5 3 -2 1 3 4 9 12
3(A+B)=3g3 4+3 4h=33 4=3 4
10 7 1 2 11 9 33 27
5 3 -2 1 15 9 -6 3 9 12
3A+3B=33 4+33 4=3 4+3 4=3 4
10 7 1 2 30 21 3 6 33 27
.t3 3(A+B)=3A+3B

1 269
 1 1 3 1
019 A=3
-3 -2
4 B=3
2 -5
4

2A+B 2(2A-3B)

A B

1 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 5 3
2A+B=23 4+3 4=3 4+3 4 =33 4
-3 -2 2 -5 -6 -4 2 -5 -4 -9
1 1 3 1
2(2A-3B)=4A-6B=43 4-63 4
-3 -2 2 -5
4 4 18 6 -14 -2
=3 4-3 4=33 4
-12 -8 12 -30 -24 22

87
2 -3 1 -2 3 3
020 A=3 4 B=3 4 C=3 4
4 -6 7 4 -3 1
3A-B A+3C-2B
2(A+2C) 3(2A+B)-2(B-C)

4 0 -2 -5
021 A=3
1 -2
4 B=3
-3 -2
4 X-B=2(A-B)+A+3B

X A B X

X-B=2(A-B)+A+3B
X=2A-2B+A+4B=3A+2B
4 0 -2 -5 12 0 -4 -10 8 -10
=33 4+23 4=3 4+3 4=33 4
1 -2 -3 -2 3 -6 -6 -4 -3 -10

87
-4 2 2 1
022 A=3 4 B=3 4 A-2(B+X)=O X
4 6 2 4
( O )

270
 6 -2 3 5
023 A=3
4 -2
4 B=3
1 -4
4 X+Y=3A X-Y=2B

X Y

X Y A B

6 -2 18 -6 3 5 6 10
X+Y=33 4=3 4 …… X-Y=23 4=3 4 ……
4 -2 12 -6 1 -4 2 -8
18 -6 6 10 24 4 12 2
+ 2X=3 4+3 4=3 4 .t3 X=33 4
12 -6 2 -8 14 -14 7 -7
18 -6 6 10 12 -16 6 -8
- 2Y=3 4-3 4=3 4 .t3 Y=33 4
12 -6 2 -8 10 2 5 1
87
0 6 1 1
024 A=3 4 B=3 4 2X+Y=A X-Y=3B
9 -3 -1 -1
X Y

1 -2 7
025 A=3 4 B=3
2 3
4 3 4
0
xA+yB

( x y )

7
A B x y 3 4
0

7 1 -2 7 x -2y 7 x-2y 7
xA+yB=3 4 x3 4+y3 4=3 4 3 4+3 4=3 4 3 4=3 4
0 2 3 0 2x 3y 0 2x+3y 0
x-2y=7 2x+3y=0
x=3 y=-2
7
.t3 3 4=3A-2B
0
87
-1 2 1 1 4 1
026 A=3 4 B=3 4 3 4 xA+yB
3 1 -2 0 -9 -1
( x y )

1 271
 88

027 030
A B
2 -3 7 11 -7 14
A-3B=3 4
5 1 -4 6 + 5 -3 46 -7 -3
-3 5 -5 2 12 9
3A+2B=3 4
(3 3 -8)+(-1 2 2)-(6 7 -4) -10 13
1 -4 -2 1 A+B (2 1)
33 4-23 4
-2 -1 0 -6
2 -1 4
43 4-23 4+33 4
3 4 1

031

2 1 1 3 -1
2
/ 6
028 A=3
0 -1
4 B=3
1 1
4 C=5 6
2
/
5 4
-3 1 1 3
A=3 4 B=3 4
2 0 3 -1 xA-yB=-2C
X-4A+B=3(B-A-X) x y
X

032
029
2 x 1 y -1 14 a^3 ab b^3 0 x 2
3 4-33 4=3 4 3 4-3 4=3 4
-1 4 y 3 11 -5 a 0 b 0 3 0
x y x-y x
( a b x )

272
 1 2

( )( ) ( )
1 a b x u 1 ×1 1 ×2
2 c d y v
=
2 ×1 2 ×2 ( )( )
A B AB

A B AB A
B

A B A B A i
B j (i, j)
A B AB

( ) ( ) (`i`

A
\ `j`

B
=

B
) (i, j)`

A m\n B n\l AB m\l

(m\n \(n\l m\l

x x u
(a b)3 4=(ax+by) (a b)3 4=(ax+by au+bv)
y y v
a ax ay a b x ax+by
3 4(x y)=3 4 3 43 4=3 4
b bx by c d y cx+dy
a b x u ax+by au+bv
3 43 4=3 4
c d y v cx+dy cu+dv

1 273
 2 -1 -5
033 A=3
2 4
4 B=3
-2
4 C=(3 3)

AB AC BC BA C&A CB

A B A B

A 2\2 B 2\1 C 1\2

AB BC C&A CB

89
2
1 -2 3
034 A=(4 0 0) B=5 -8 6 C=3 4
2 5 7
1

AB AC BC BA C&A CB

035
2 4 4 -1 2 2
(1 4)3 4 3 4(1 2) 3 43 4
2 -2 1 3 -2 3

A i B j

2
(1 4)3 4=(1\2+4\2)=(10)
2
4 4\1 4\2 4 8
3 4(1 2)=3 4=33 4
-2 -2\1 -2\2 -2 -4
4 -1 2 2 4\2+(-1)\(-2) 4\2+(-1)\3 10 5
3 43 4=3 4=33 4
1 3 -2 3 1\2+3\(-2) 1\2+3\3 -4 11

89
036
3 5 0 -1 -1 2 1 -1 -3
(1 1)3 4 3 43 4 3 43 4
2 4 1 2 2 0 6 4 -1

274
 x y 0 x 6 19 -4 -10
037 3
1 1
43
x y
4=3
x y
4-3
0 -x
4 x y

( x<y)

x y 0 x xy x^2&+y^2 6 19 -4 -10 10 29
3 43 4=3 4 3 4-3 4=3 4
1 1 x y x x+y x y 0 -x x x+y
xy=10 x^2&+y^2=29
(x+y)^2=x^2&+2xy+y^2=29+20=49
.t3 x+y=7`(.T3 x>0 y>0)
x+y=7 y=-x+7 xy=10
x(-x+7)=10 x^2&-7x+10=0 (x-2)(x-5) =0
.t3 x=2 x=5
x<y x=2 y=5

89
x y x -1 3 5 7 2
038 3 43 4=3 4+23 4 x y
0 x y 2 -6 4x 1 -x

x -1 a 2 -3x+2a
039 A A3 4=3
y 3
4 A3 4=3 4
b 1
A3
-3y+2b
4

-3x+2a -3x 2a x a
3 4=3 4+3 4=-33 4+23 4
-3y+2b -3y 2b y b
-3x+2a x a x a
.t3 A3 4=Ag-33 4+23 4h=-3A3 4+2A3 4
-3y+2b y b y b
-1 2 7
=-33 4+23 4=33 4
3 1 -7

89
x 4 a 0 3x-a
040 A A3 4=3 4 A3 4=3 4 A3 4
y -2 b -6 3y-b

1 275
 x x\x x^2
A
AA=A^2 AAA =A^3 …

A m n
A^2=AA A^3=A^2&A … A^n+1=A^n&A
A &A^n=A +^n (A )^n=A ^n

041 A A10
0 1 2 0
A=3 4 A=3 4
-1 1 0 1

A^2=AA A^3 =A^2&A … A10

0 1 0 1 -1 1
A^2=AA=3 43 4=3 4
-1 1 -1 1 -1 0
-1 1 0 1 -1 0
A^3=A^2&A=3 43 4=3 4
-1 0 -1 1 0 -1
-1 0 0 1 0 -1
A^4=A^3&A=3 43 4=3 4=-A
0 -1 -1 1 1 -1
0 -1
.t3 A10=A^4&A^4&A^2=(-A)(-A)A^2=A^4=-A=33 4
1 -1
2 0 2 0 4 0 4 0 2 0 8 0
A^2=AA=3 43 4=3 4 A^3=A^2&A=3 43 4=3 4
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
2^n 0 1024 0
A^n=3 4 (n A10=33 4
0 1 0 1

89
042
1 -2 1 -24
A=3 4 A^n=3 4 n
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
A=3 4 A^n=3 4 n
0 3 0 729

276
 1
1

E
1 0 0

( )
1
1 0
0 n (1) (0 1) 0 1 0
0 0 1
1
n A n E AE=EA=A

1 0
3 4 1
0 1
0 n n

AE=EA=A A=E E^2=E

E^3=E^2&E=EE=E E^4=E^3&E=EE=E … E^n=E

1 0
043 E=3
0 1
4

E+E^2&+E^3 E100&+(-E)100

E^2=E E^3 =E E^4=E …

E^2=E E^3=E
3 0
E+E^2&+E^3=E+E+E=3E=3 4
0 3
E100=E
2 0
E100&+(-E)100=E100&+E100=E+E=2E=3 4
0 2

90
1 0
044 E=3 4
0 1
E+2E^2&+3E^3&+4E^4&+5E^5 E^4^9&+E^50&+(-E)^51&+(-E)^5^2

1 277
 045 P Q ( )

1500 500
5 5 5 8 1500
A=3 4 B=3 4 C=(1500 500) D=3 4 5 5
P
8 2 5 2 500
P 8 2
Q
AD (1 1) AD (2 1)
BD (1 1) BD (2 1)
C&A (1 1)

P 5\1500+5\500
5 5 1500 5\1500+5\500
AD=3 43 4=3 4
8 2 500 8\1500+2\500
P AD (1 1)

90
046 P Q

( ) ( )

P a b e

Q c d f

a b e
A=3 4 B=3 4 AB (2, 1)
c d f
P
Q
P Q
P Q
P Q

278
 A B C

AB BA
: (AB)C=A(BC)
: A(B+C)=AB+AC (A+B)C=AC+BC
k(AB)=(kA)B=A(kB) k

AB=O A=O B=O

AB≠BA
(A+B)^2=(A+B)(A+B)=A^2&+AB+BA+B^2≠A^2&+2AB+B^2
(A+B)(A-B)=A^2&-AB+BA-B^2≠A^2&-B^2
(AB)^2=(AB)(AB)=A(BA)B≠A^2&B^2=(AA)(BB)=A(AB)B

(AB)C A(BC) ABC

AB=BA
AO=OA AE=EA O E

1 -1 2 -1 0 0
A=3 4 B=3 4 C=3 4
2 2 0 1 1 -3
AB≠BA (AB)C=A(BC)

1 -1 2 -1 2 -2 2 -1 1 -1 0 -4
AB=3 43 4=3 4 BA=3 43 4=3 4
2 2 0 1 4 0 0 1 2 2 2 2
.t3 AB BA
1 -1 2 -1 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -2 6
(AB)C=g3 43 4h3 4=3 43 4=3 4
2 2 0 1 1 -3 4 0 1 -3 0 0
1 -1 2 -1 0 0 1 -1 -1 3 -2 6
A(BC)=3 4g3 43 4h=3 43 4=3 4
2 2 0 1 1 -3 2 2 1 -3 0 0
.t3 (AB)C=A(BC)

1 279
 =

2 2 y 1
047 A=3
x 1
4 B=3
-3 -1
4 AB=O x y

( O )

2 2 y 1 2y-6 0 0 0
3 43 4=3 4=3 4
x 1 -3 -1 xy-3 x-1 0 0
2y-6=0 xy-3=0 x-1=0
.t3 x=1 y=3

90
x -4 2 x
048 A=3 4 B=3 4 AB=O x y
-2 y y 4
( O )

-1 3 -7 1
049 A B A+B=3
7 6
4 A-B=3
5 -4
4

A^2&-B^2

AB≠BA (A+B)(A-B)≠A^2&-B^2

-1 3 -7 1 -8 4 -4 2
2A=(A+B)+(A-B)=3 4+3 4=3 4 .t3 A=3 4
7 6 5 -4 12 2 6 1
-1 3 -7 1 6 2 3 1
2B=(A+B)-(A-B)=3 4-3 4=3 4 .t3 B=3 4
7 6 5 -4 2 10 1 5
-4 2 -4 2 3 1 3 1
.t3 A^2&-B^2=3 43 4-3 43 4
6 1 6 1 1 5 1 5
28 -6 10 8 18 -14
=3 4-3 4=3 4
-18 13 8 26 -26 -13

90
2 -2 2 4
050 A B A+B=3 4 A-B=3 4
-2 2 2 0
A^2&+2AB+B^2

280
 7 -5 -6 2
051 A=3
4 -3
4 B=3
-3 -1
4 A^2&+AB+BA+B^2

A^2&+AB+BA+B^2=A(A+B)+B(A+B)
=(A+B)(A+B)=(A+B)^2
7 -5 -6 2 1 -3
A+B=3 4+3 4=3 4
4 -3 -3 -1 1 -4
A^2&+AB+BA+B^2=(A+B)^2
1 -3 1 -3 -2 9
=3 43 4=33 4
1 -4 1 -4 -3 13

90
-1 -1 -1 0
052 A=3 4 B=3 4 A^2&-AB+BA-B^2 (1, 2)
2 3 1 0

1 1 1 k
053 A=3
2 -1
4 B=3
-1 2
4 (A+B)(A-B)=A^2&-B^2

(A+B)(A-B)=A^2&-B^2 AB=BA !

(A+B)(A-B)=A^2&-B^2 AB=BA
1 1 1 k 1 k 1 1 0 k+2 1+2k 1-k
3 43 4=3 43 4 3 4=3 4
2 -1 -1 2 -1 2 2 -1 3 2k-2 3 -3

1+2k=0 .t3 k=-1

2
/

91
-1 2 2 3
054 A=3 4 B=3 4 (A+B)^2=A^2&+2AB+B^2
3 -4 x y
x y x-y

1 281
 3 -2
055 A=3
1 -1
4 E A^2&+AE+EA+E^2

A E AE=EA

E AE=EA
A^2&+AE+EA+E^2=A(A+E)+E(A+E)
=(A+E)^2
3 -2 1 0 3 -2 1 0
=g3 4+3 4hg3 4+3 4h
1 -1 0 1 1 -1 0 1
4 -2 4 -2
=3 43 4
1 0 1 0
14 -8
=3
3 4
4 -2

91
0 -1
056 A=3 4 E (A+E)(A^2&-A+E)
2 3

057 A B A+B=E AB=O A^2&+B^2

( E O )

A B

A+B=E A
AA+AB=AE A^2&+AB=A A^2&+O=A
.t3 A^2=A
A+B=E B
AB+BB=EB AB+B^2=B O+B^2=B
.t3 B^2=B
1 0
.t3 A^2&+B^2=A+B=E=33 4
0 1

91
058 A B A+B=-3E AB=O A^3&+B^3
( E O )

282
 a b 1 0 0 0
A=3 4 E=3 4 O=3 4
c d 0 1 0 0
A^2&-(a+d)A+(ad-bc)E=O

a^2&+bc ab+bd a^2&+ad ab+bd ad-bc 0

A^2&-(a+d)A+(ad-bc)E=3 4-3 4+3 4
ac+cd bc+d^2 ac+cd ad+d^2 0 ad-bc
0 0
=3 4=O
0 0

a b
A^2&-pA+qE=O (p q ) A=3 4 a+d=p
c d
ad-bc=q ( E O )
2 0
A^2&-A-2E=O A=3 4 a+d=4≠1 ad-bc=4≠-2
0 2

1 1
059 A=3
1 2
4 A^3&-A^2&-6A+3E=xA+yE x y

( E )

A^2&-3A+E=O
A^2=3A-E A^3=A^2&A=3A^2&-A=3(3A-E)-A=8A-3E
.t3 A^3&-A^2&-6A+3E=8A-3E-3A+E-6A+3E=-A+E
.t3 x=-1 y=1

91
-2 1
060 A=3 4 A^5&+A^4&+A^3&+A^2&+A=xA+yE x y
-3 1
( E )

( )( )

1 283
 92

061 064
-1 2 3 a
A=3 4 B=3 4
1 -3 1 1
(A+B)^2=A^2&+2AB+B^2
3 A&^5&B^5
(1 2)(-1 -2) (1 2)3 4
4
0 -5 1 5
3 4(0 1) 3 43 4
1 3 2 -9
3 3 -1 2 -3
3 43 4
1 1 -3 -4 1

065
A B A+B=O
AB=E A^9^9&+B100
( E O )
E -E A+E
-A+E -A-E

062
2 a 0 b 4 6
3 43 4=3 4
4 -1 2 1 c d
a b c d a+b+c+d

066
x^2&-4x+2=0 alpha beta
alpha beta a b
A=3 4 A^2=3 4
beta alpha c d
063 a-b
-2 3
A=3 4 A^3^3 ( a b c d )
-1 1

284
 1

:
:
(i, j) : A i j a

a_1_1 a_1_2 b_1_1 b_1_2

A=3 4 B=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 b_2_1 b_2_2
A=B a_1_1=b_1_1 a_1_2=b_1_2 a_2_1=b_2_1 a_2_2=b_2_2
a_1_1=b_1_1 a_1_2=b_1_2 a_2_1=b_2_1 a_2_2=b_2_2 A=B

a_1_1 a_1_2 b_1_1 b_1_2

A=3 4 B=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 b_2_1 b_2_2
a_1_1&+b_1_1 a_1_2&+b_1_2
A+B=3 4
a_2_1&+b_2_1 a_2_2&+b_2_2
a_1_1&-b_1_1 a_1_2&-b_1_2
A-B=3 4
a_2_1&-b_2_1 a_2_2&-b_2_2

a_1_1 a_1_2 a_1_1 a_1_2 k&a_1_1 k&a_1_2

A=3 4 k k&A=k3 4=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 a_2_1 a_2_2 k&a_2_1 k&a_2_2

a_1_1 a_1_2 b_1_1 b_1_2

A=3 4 B=3 4
a_2_1 a_2_2 b_2_1 b_2_2
a_1_1&b_1_1&+a_1_2&b_2_1 a_1_1&b_1_2&+a_1_2&b_2_2 &b_1_1&a_1_1&+&b_1_2&a_2_1& b_1_1&a_1_2&+b_1_2&a_2_2
AB=3 4 BA=3 4
a_2_1&b_1_1&+a_2_2&b_2_1 a_2_1&b_1_2&+a_2_2&b_2_2 b_2_1&a_1_1&+b_2_2&a_2_1 b_2_1&a_1_2&+b_2_2&a_2_2

A m n
A^2=AA A^3=A^2&A … A^n+1=A^n&A
A &A^n=A +^n (A )^n=A ^n

A E
AE=EA=A
^2= ^3= ^4= … ^n= `( n )

1 285
STEP 1 070
067 3 -1 -1 4 5 a
A (i j) a A=3 4 B=3 4 C=3 4
1 0 2 2 b 2
a =3i- +a (i=1 2 3 j=1 2)
x y xA+yB=C
4 x
a+b+x+y
A= 5 y 66 x+y+z
( a b )
10 z
( a )

071
x -1 1 y 0 a
068 3
1 3
43
2 -1
4=3
7 -5
4
1 0 2 -1
A=3 4 B=3 4 a
3 -2 4 3
A+X=3B+2X X
5 -3 -5 3
3 4 3 4
9 11 -9 -11
5 3 -5 3 072
3 4 3 4
-9 -11 -9 11 a 1
A=3 4 (A+E)(A-E)=E
-5 -3 b -1
3 4
9 -11 a b a+b
( E )

069
A=3
1 2
4 B=3
0 -1
4 073
2 4 4 -2 3 2 x 3
A=3 4 A^503 4=3 4
X-Y=2A-5B X+2Y=5A+4B -5 -3 y -6
X+Y (1 2) xy ( x y )

286
 1
92

074 STEP 2
A
2a -1 -3a 3
076
A3 4=3 4 A3 4=3 4
b 5 -2b 2
3x^2&+1 2 4x^2 x^2&+1
a A=3 4 B=3 4
A3 4 7x+3 x^2&-2x -x^2&+3x x+4
b
A=B x
2 -2 -2
3 4 3 4 3 4
7 7 -7
4 -4
3 4 3 4
-3 3

075
1 2 077
x
1 a x
[ 1] 60 % 40 % (x 1)3 43 4
a 4 1
35 % 65 %
a M m
[ 2] 1 2
M-m

( %) ( )

1 2

60 35 350 300

40 65 300 280

078
[ 1] [ 2] A
0.6 0.35 350 300 0 -2 0 -4
A=3 4 B=3 4 A3 4=3 4 A^23 4=3 4
0.4 0.65 300 280 -1 -3 -1 -13
a b 0
AB=3 4 2 A^3&3 4
c d -1

a b c
d c+d

1 287
 1
95

079 082
3 7 A A^2&-3A+9E=O
A=3 4
-1 -2 A^9=kE k
A+A^2&+A^3&+ … +A^2011 ( E O )
2 7 12 -3^9 -310 -311
17 22 3^9 310

083
A B C
080
2 0 256 0 ( E )
A=3 4 A^n=3 4
0 i 0 1
n A^3= A^5= A=E
( i=rt-&1a ) A^2= ABA=B AB=BA
AB=E BC=E A=C

081
1 -x x 6
A=3 4 B=3 4
-1 x 1 y 084
AB=O x y 1 -1
A=3 4 A^2&+A+E=O
(x y) ( O ) 3 a
A101
( a E O )

288