HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the module Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes Using
SMAW. This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency “Weld Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes Using SMAW”
and module title Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes Using SMAW contains the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required for SMAW NC II. It is one of the modules for
National Certificate II.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities to complete each

learning outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are Information sheets to
help you understand the required activities. Follow the activities on your own and
answer the self –check at the end of each learning outcome. You may remove a
blank answer sheet at the end of each module or get one from your facilitator/trainer
to write your answers for each self-check. If you have questions, don’t hesitate to ask
your facilitator to ask for assistance.

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)

You may already have some or most of the knowledge and skills covered in
this learner’s guide because you have:
● Been working for some time
● Already completed training in this area

If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are already competent
in a particular skill or skills, talk to him/ her about having them formally
recognized so you don’t have to do the same training again. If you have a
qualification of Certificate of Competency from previous trainings, show it to
your trainer. If the skills, you acquired are still current and relevant to the unit/
s of competency they may become part of the evidence you can present for
RPL. If you are not sure about the currency of your skills, discuss this with
your trainer.

This module was prepared to help you achieve required competency in

providing food and beverage service. It will also enhance your skills in
performing a root pass according to industry standard. This will be the source
of information for you to acquire knowledge and skills in this particular trade
independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help from
your instructor.

Remember to:
● Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the training of
this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into sections, which
covers all skills, and knowledge you need to successfully complete this
module.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 1 of 48
● Read information sheets and complete self-checks. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials provided in this module.
● Perform task sheets and Job Sheets until you are confident that your outputs
conform to the Performance Criteria Checklist that follows every sheet.
● As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your progress.
Your trainer keeps feedback/ pre-assessment reports for this reason. When
you have successfully completed each element, ask your trainer to mark on
the reports that you are ready for assessment.
● Probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager. He/ she is there
to support you and show you the correct way to do things
● Submit outputs of the Task Sheets and Job Sheets to your facilitator for
evaluation and recording in the Accomplishment Chart. Outputs shall serve
as your portfolio during the Institutional Competency Evaluation.
● When you feel confident that you have had sufficient practice, ask your trainer
to evaluate you. The results of your assessment will be recorded in your
Progress Chart and Accomplishment Chart.
● You must pass the Institutional Competency Evaluation before moving to the
other competency. A certificate of achievement will be awarded to you after
passing the evaluation.
● You need to complete this module before you can perform the module on
Welding Carbon Steel Plates and Pipes Using SMAW.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 2 of 48
 QUALIFICATION
COMPETENCY-BASED LEARNING MATERIALS
List of Core Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

Participate in Workplace Participating in Workplace 500311105

1.
Communication Communication

Work in Team Working in Team 500311106

2.
Environment Environment

Practice career Practicing career 500311107

3.
professionalism professionalism

Practice occupational Practicing occupational

4. health and safety health and safety 500311108
procedures procedures

5. Apply Safety Practices Applying Safety Practices MEE722201

Interpret Drawings and Interpreting Drawings and MEE721202

6.
Sketches Sketches

Perform Industry Performing Industry MEE721203

7.
Calculations Calculations

Contribute to Quality Contributing to Quality MEE721204

8.
System System

9. Use Hand Tools Using Hand Tools MEE721205

10. Prepare Weld Materials Preparing Weld Materials MEE721206

Setup Welding Setting-up Welding MEE721207

11.
Equipment Equipment
MEE721208
12. Fit up Weld Materials Fitting-up Weld Materials

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 3 of 48
13. Repair Welds Repairing Welds MEE721209

Weld Carbon Steel Welding Carbon Steel

14. Plates and Pipes Using Plates and Pipes Using MEE721306
SMAW SMAW

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 4 of 48
Course Title : Shielded Metal Arc Welding NC II

Unit of Competency: Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using SMAW

Module Title: Welding Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using SMAW

Module Description: This unit covers the skills, knowledge and attitudes
required in welding carbon steel plates and pipes using
SMAW process.

INTRODUCTION:

Upon completion of this module, ask your instructor to assess you. You will be
given a certificate of completion as proof that you met the standard requirements
(knowledge and skills) for this module. The assessment could be in different
methods prescribed in the competency standards.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the completion of the module the trainees/students should be able to:

LO1: Perform root pass

Assessment Criteria

● Root pass is performed in accordance with WPS and/or client

specifications.
● Task is performed in accordance with company or industry requirements
and safety procedures.
● Weld is visually checked for defects and repaired, as required
● Weld is visually acceptable in accordance with applicable codes and
standards

LEARNING OUTCOME NO: 01 Perform Root Pass

CONTENTS:
1. Essentials of welding
2. International welding codes and standards
3. Acceptable weld profiles
4. Weld defects, causes and remedies
5. Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS)
6. Welding techniques and procedures
7. Safe welding practices
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 5 of 48
 ● Root pass is performed in accordance with WPS and/or client specifications.
● Task is performed in accordance with company or industry requirements
and safety procedures.
● Weld is visually checked for defects and repaired, as required
● Weld is visually acceptable in accordance with applicable codes and
standards
CONDITIONS:
The participants will have access to:

1. Equipment
● Welding machine (AC or AC/DC)
● Welding table or jig
● Portable grinder
● Welding booth
● Portable oven
2. Tools/Accessories
● Welding mask
● Steel brush
● Clear glass
● Chipping hammer
● Dark glass
3. Supplies/ Materials
● Electrodes
● Carbon steel plates
● Cutting grinding disk
4. Personal protective equipment
● Safety shoes
● Apron
● Leggings
● Safety goggles
● Gloves
5. Training Materials
● Arc welding manuals
● Welding procedures specifications (WPS)
● Welding standards
METHODOLOGY:
1. Lecture/demonstration
2. Self-paced learning
3. Online
4. Blended
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Written/Oral
2. Direct observation
3. Interview
4. Demonstration

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 6 of 48
LEARNING EXPERIENCES
LO: 01 Explain the objectives of the module
Learning Activities Resources/Special Instructions
Read and understand the INFORMATION
Read the Information Sheet # 1.1
SHEET NO. 1.1. Check yourself by
Welding Procedure Specifications.
answering the Self-check 1.1. You must
answer all the questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
If done with SELF-CHECK NO. 1.1
Answer the Self check # 1.1 compare answers to ANSWER KEY NO.
1.1. Then proceed to INFORMATION
SHEET NO. 1.2
Read and understand the INFORMATION
Read the Information Sheet # 1.2 SHEET NO. 1.2. Check yourself by
Industry Requirement and Safety answering the Self-check 1.2. You must
Procedure for SMAW answer all the questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
If done with SELF-CHECK NO. 1.2
Answer the Self check # 1.2 compare answers to ANSWER KEY NO.
1.2. Then proceed to INFORMATION
SHEET NO. 1.3
Read and understand the INFORMATION
SHEET NO. 1.3. Check yourself by
Read the Information Sheet # 1.3 on
answering the Self-check 1.3.1. You must
Welding Visual Defects.
answer all the questions correctly before
proceeding to the next activity.
If done with SELF-CHECK NO. 1.3
Answer the Self check # 1.3 compare answers to ANSWER KEY NO.
1.3. Then proceed to INFORMATION
SHEET NO. 1.4
After doing all activities of this module,
Read the Information Sheet # 1.4 on
you are ready to proceed to the next
Codes and Standard for SMAW
module on (next unit of competency)
If done with SELF-CHECK NO. 1.4
Answer the Self check # 1.4 compare answers to ANSWER KEY NO.
1.4. Then proceed to JOB SHEET NO.
1.1
Show Video Presentation how to Take note about the presentation on how
perform a root pass. the root pass is performed.
Your performance will be evaluated by
Perform Task Sheet 1.1 your trainer using Performance Criteria
Checklist 1.1

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 7 of 48
 Information Sheet 1.1
Welding Procedure Specifications

Learning Outcome 1: Perform Root Pass

Performance Criteria 1.1: Perform root pass in accordance with WPS and/or
client specifications.

Learning Objectives:
I.Essentials of welding
II.Safe welding practices
III.Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS)

I. ESSENTIALS OF WELDING
Preparation
● All surfaces in the weld area must be free of dust, dirt, grease, and oxide prior
to starting a weld. Greasy or oily steel sheet should be degreased. Rusty steel
sheet, or sheet covered in dark mill scale, must be cleaned back to bare
metal. A hand-held wire brush sand blasting or grinding.

Procedure
● When learning to use arc welding equipment, the first step are to practice
striking an arc, depositing some well metal and then breaking the arc. Get a
piece of low carbon steel scrap plate 10 mm thick and clean off any paint,
loose scale or grease. Prepare and assemble the welding equipment as
described in SMAW NC I (6.3.1)

Electrode Selection
● The type of electrode chosen will depend on the material to be welded. You
are going to practice on a piece of 10 mm low carbon steel. The electrode
size to use will be a mild steel general purpose rod, size 4 mm. The electrode
size is determined by the thickness of material and the type of joint to be
welded. To prevent burning holes through thin material, a smaller size
electrode would use.

Amperage Selection
● Suitable amperages for various diameters of electrode are usually printed on
the electrode packet, although they can be varied to suit conditions. Welds on
thin plate require low amperages to prevent burn through, whilst deeper
penetration is achieved by using higher amperages.

Reminder:

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 8 of 48
 ● Refer to an electrode chart for the recommended welding amperage for a 4
mm rod.

II. SAFE WELDING PRACTICES

Safety First
(Personal Physical and Hygiene Requirements)
● Take a bath or shower daily
Note: this should be a matter of personal pride, a matter of habit, but beyond
that, it’s a responsibility to your fellow workers or classmates.
● Stay in good physical condition because this also promotes good
psychological health
● Do not drink alcoholic beverages or use drugs on the job, and don’t show up
for work with a hangover.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

(Protective Clothing Required for Arc Welding)
● Basic clothing requirements:
1. Heavy, long sleeve shirts with pocket flaps
2. Heavy, cufflers pants not frayed at the bottom
3. No clothing made of synthetic materials
● a welder’s cap has a flexible bill that can be slipped around to cover either ear
and keep sparks or metal splatter out of the ear opening
● leather jackets and aprons should be worn for additional protection, especially
when welding out of position or in confined areas where flying sparks present
an increased hazard
● boots should be made of heavy leather with uppers that reach above the
ankle to help prevent burns from sparks and spatter.
● Heavy leather gloves with gauntlets are required for all welding and cutting
activities
● Safety glasses should have nonmetal frames, and impact-resistant lenses
with side shields to protect from flying objects.
● Wear a face shield when required, but do not substitute a face shield for
safety glasses because safety glasses should be worn at all times in the
welding workplace
● Other PPE:
1. Gas welding goggles
2. Welding Leather gloves
3. Maong leggings
4. Jacket leather apron
5. Filter mask
6. Earplug
7. Respirator

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 9 of 48
 8. Welding leather hood
9. Coverall

Good Housekeeping Rules

● Arrange machinery and equipment to permit safe efficient work practices and
eases in cleaning
● Store materials and supplies in proper places
● Store tools and accessories safely in cabinets, on racks, or other storage bins.
● Keep working areas and work benches clear and free of debris and other
hazards
● Keep floors clean and free from obstructions and slippery substances
● Keep aisles, traffic areas, and exits free of materials or debris

Safety Precaution
● Electric shock can kill - Touching live electrical parts can cause fatal shocks
or severe burns The electrode and work circuit is electrically live whenever the
output is on. The input power circuit and machine internal circuits are also live
when power is on. Incorrectly installed or improperly grounded equipment is a
hazard.
1. Do not touch live electrical parts.
2. Wear dry, hole-free insulating gloves, and body protection.
3. Do not use AC output in damp areas, if movement is confined, or if there is
a danger of falling.
4. Use AC output ONLY if required for the welding process.
5. Properly install and ground the welding equipment.
6. Always verity the supply ground – check and be sure that input power cord
ground wire is properly connected to ground terminal in disconnect box or
that cord plug.
7. Frequently insect input power cord for damage or bare wiring.
8. Turn off all equipment when not in use.
9. Do not use worn, damaged, undersized, or poorly spliced cables
10. Do not drape cables over your body.
11. Do not touch electrode if you are in contact with the work, ground, or
another electrode from a different machine.
12. Use only well-maintained equipment. Repair or replace damaged parts at
once.
13. Wear a safety harness if working above floor level.
14. Clamp work cable with good metal-to-metal contact to work piece or
worktable as near the weld as practical.
15. Do not connect more than one electrode or work cable to any single weld
output terminal.

● Flying Metal can Injure Eyes

1. Welding, chipping, wire brushing, and grinding cause sparks and flying
metal. As welds cool, they can throw off slag.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 10 of 48
 2. Wear approved safety glasses with side shield even under your welding
helmet
● The Always Rules for Welding
1. Always wear suitable protective clothing and eye protection.
2. Always keep a safe, clean work area.
3. Always keep welding equipment in good condition.
4. Always check welding areas to make sure they are safe to work in.
5. Always respect gas cylinders as dangerous and potentially lethal.
6. Always make sure ventilation provides three to four complete changes of
air per hour.
7. Always look out for fellow students and co-workers.
● The Never Rules for Welding Safety
1. Never enter the welding shop without wearing safety glasses
2. Never weld, cut, or grind near flammable or explosive materials
3. Never use oil on gas cylinders, regulators, connections, or hoses
4. Never permit an electrode holder to encounter a welding machine or a gas
cylinder
5. Never operate ungrounded equipment
6. Never cut or weld directly on concrete.
7. Never arc weld or operate electrically powered equipment.
8. Never cut or weld directly on concrete
9. Never arc weld or operate electrically powered equipment while standing
on wet or damp floors
10. Never cut into barrels, drums, or any container that has not been purged
11. Never ground electrical equipment to a building member or a piece of
equipment attached to or part of a building.
12. Never engage in horseplay of any kind.

III. WELDING PROCEDURES AND SPECIFICATION (WPS)

Electrodes
Shielded metal arc welding electrodes, sometimes referred to as stick electrodes or
simply electrodes have two parts. These two parts are the inner core wire and a flux
covering. In general, all electrodes are classified into five main groups:
● Mild steel
● High-carbon steel
● Special alloy steel
● Cast iron
● Nonferrous
The widest range of arc welding is done with electrodes in the mild steel group.
Electrodes are manufactured for use in specific positions and for many different
types of metal. They also are specially designed to use with ac or dc welding
machines. Some manufacturer's electrodes work identically on either ac or dc, while
others are best suited for flat-position welding. Another type is made primarily for

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 11 of 48
vertical and overhead welding, and some can be used in any position. As you can
see, electrode selection depends on many variables.

Relationships of Arc, Base Metal, Electrode, and Flux

● The arc stream is created by holding an electrode approximately 1/8” away
from the base metal.
● The arc stream creates a molten pool or crater that tends to flow away from
the arc and cool and solidify as it moves
● Flux from the electrode covering from a slag on the top of the weld to
protect if from contaminants during cooling

How Flux-Covered Electrodes Work

● Flux-covered electrodes have a core of metal wire with a baked on
chemical covering and both parts of the electrode have specific functions
● The wire core melts in the arc stream and droplets of metal are transferred
across the arc to make the molten puddle and provide the filler metal to fill
the gap or groove between two base metals.

The functions of the core wire include the following:

1. To carry the welding current
2. To serve as most of the filler metal in the finished weld
The functions of the flux covering include the following.
1. To provide some of the alloying elements
2. To provide an arc stabilizer (optional)
3. To serve as an insulator
4. To provide a slag cover to protect the weld bead
5. To provide a protective gaseous shield during welding

Figure 1. Parts of Welding electrode

Core Wire
As the electrode is burned off by the arc, the core wire is melted and transfers across
the gap. The metal is transferred as a spray, small droplets, or large globs.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 12 of 48
 Figure 2. Methods of Metal Transfer During an Arc Welding

Functions of the Flux

● Effect of Shielding Gases

Heat generated by the arc causes the flux covering to burn and vaporize,
forming the shielding gases. These gases prevent the atmosphere from
contaminating the weld as it transfers across the arc gap. They also protect the
molten weld pool as it cools to form solid metal again. The shielding gas protects
the molten metal in two ways. First atmospheric contaminants, such as oxygen,
may be burned to form CO2 or other gases which serve to further protect the
weld.

Figure 3. Effect of Shielding Gases

● Effect on Weld Bead Penetration and Contour

Welding fluxes can affect the penetration and contour of the weld bead.
Penetration may be pushed deeper if the core wire is made to melt off faster
than the flux melts. The effect of this can be seen on the surface of the molten
weld pool as it is blown back away from the end of the electrode.
Weld bead contour can also be affected by the slag formed by the flux. Some
high-temperature slags solidify before the weld metal solidifies, forming a mold
that holds the molten metal in place.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 13 of 48
 Figure 4. Effect on Weld Bead Penetration and Contour
NOTE: Silicon (Si) joins the oxygen (O) that was part of the iron oxide (Fe3O4) and forms
SiO2 that floats to the top of the weld. Carbon (C) joins the oxygen that was part of the iron
oxide and forms CO2 bubbles which float out of the weld.

Aws Electrode Identification System

Mild Steel Electrodes

Mild steel electrodes are identified by a system that uses a series of numbers to
indicate the minimum tensile strength of a good weld, the position in which the
electrode can be used, the type of flux coating, and the types of welding currents.

The letter E prefixes the number and represents the electrode. The E is used as
prefix for any filler metal that uses electricity to perform a weld.

E6012
E - Electrode
60 - Tensile Strength
1 - Welding position
2 - Welding current

The first two or three numbers indicate the minimum tensile strength of a good weld.
The tensile strength is given in pounds per square inch(psi)

Tensile Strength – The capacity of a metal to resist being pulled apart

The actual strength is obtained by adding three zeros to the right of the number
given.

For example, E60XX is 60,000 psi and E110xx is 110,000 psi.

Position refers to the way the metal to be welded is positioned in 1, 2, 3, 4…

1. position for flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead
2. position for horizontal and flat only
3. position for flat only
4. All position but vertical down

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 14 of 48
The last two numbers together indicate the major type of covering and the type of
welding current. For example, Exx10 Has an Organic Covering and Uses Dc .

Mild Steel Electrode E6010

● The E6010 electrodes are designed to be used with dc reverse polarity and
have an organic-based flux. They have a forceful arc that results in deep
penetration and good metal transfer in the vertical and overhead positions.
The electrode is usually used with a whipping or stepping motion. This motion
helps remove unwanted surface materials such as paint, oil, dirt, and
galvanizing.

E6011 Electrodes
● The E6011 electrodes are designed to be used with ac or dc reverse polarity
and have an organic-based flux. These electrodes have many of the welding
characteristics of E6010 electrodes. Using this welding electrode on ac only
slightly reduces its penetration but will help control any arc blow problem.
(Note: arc blow is the magnetic deflection of the arc from its normal path)

E6013 Electrodes
● The E6013 electrodes are designed to be used with ac or dc, either polarity.
They have a rutile-based flux. The slag layer is usually thicker and is easily
removed. The arc of the E6013 is as stable but there is less penetration.

E7018 Electrodes
● The E7018 electrodes are designed to be used with ac or dc reverse polarity.
They have a low hydrogen-based flux with iron powder added. It has
moderate penetration and buildup. The slag layer is heavy and hard but can
be removed easily by chipping. The E7018 welding electrodes are very
susceptible to moisture which may lead to weld porosity. The weld metal is
protected from the atmosphere primarily by the slag layer and not by rapidly
expanding gases.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 15 of 48
 Table 1. AWS Electrode Identification Systems

SELF-CHECK 1.1

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 16 of 48
Name: __________________________________________________ Score:______

Test I. Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Heat generated by the arc causes the flux covering to burn and vaporize, forming
the shielding gases.

A. Effect on Weld Bead Contour

B. Effect of Shielding Gases
C. How Flux-Covered Electrodes Work
D. Effect on Weld Bead Penetration

2. Are identified by a system that uses a series of numbers to indicate the minimum
tensile strength of a good weld, the position in which the electrode can be used, the
type of flux coating, and the types of welding currents.

A. Tensile Strength
B. Reverse Polarity
C. Mild Steel Electrodes
D. Core Wire

3. A wire that is melted and transfers across the gap.

A. Core Wire
B. Tensile Strength
C. Reverse Polarity
D. Mild steel

4. These two parts are the inner core wire and a flux covering.

A. High-carbon steel
B. Electrodes
C. Special alloy steel
D. Cast iron

5. When learning to use arc welding equipment, the first step is to practice striking an
arc, depositing some well metal, and then breaking the arc.

A. Procedure
B. Electrode Selection
C. Amperage Selection
D. Preparation
6. All surfaces in the weld area must be free of dust, dirt, grease, and oxide prior to
starting a weld. Greasy or oily steel sheet should be degreased.

A. Procedure

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 17 of 48
 B. Electrode Selection
C. Amperage Selection
D. Preparation

7. The type of electrode chosen will depend on the material to be welded.

A. Procedure
B. Electrode Selection
C. Amperage Selection
D. Preparation

8. Suitable amperages for various diameters of electrode are usually printed on the
electrode packet, although they can be varied to suit conditions.

A. Procedure
B. Electrode Selection
C. Amperage Selection
D. Preparation

9. Protective Clothing Required for Arc Welding.

A. People Protecting Equipment

B. Personal Protective Equipment
C. People Protective Equipment
D. Personality Protecting Equipment

10. The function of the core wire.

A. To serve as most of the filler metal in the finished weld

B. To serve as an insulator
C. To provide a slag cover to protect the weld bead
D. To provide a protective gaseous shield during welding

ANSWER KEY 1.1

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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1. B. Effect of Shielding Gases
2. C. Mild Steel Electrodes
3. A. Core Wire
4. B. Electrodes
5. A. Procedure
6. D. Preparation
7. B. Electrode Selection
8. C. Amperage Selection
9. B. Personal Protective Equipment
10. A. To serve as most of the filler metal in the finished weld

Information Sheet 1.2

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
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 Industry Requirement and Safety Procedure for SMAW

Learning Outcome 1: Perform Root Pass

Performance Criteria 1.2: Performing task in accordance with company or
industry requirement and safety procedure.

Learning Objectives:
Welding Characteristics
Welding techniques and procedures

● Points To Observe Good Welding

1. Electrode to be held at correct angle
2. Use correct amperage
3. Use uniform rate of travel
4. Use constant arc length
5. Thoroughly remove all slag
6. Observe all safety rules

● Essentials and Parameters of SMAW (Stick) Welding

1. Correct Current Setting.

The welding current or amperage is essential to producing welds with good
appearance and the required strength characteristics. The welder controls the
amperage variable by setting the amperage on the welding machine prior to
welding.

2. Correct Arc Length

When electricity is made to jump across a gap it is said to arc across the gap. In
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (Stick) it is this arcing effect that creates the intense
heat required for melting the electrode and the base metal together.

The Arc is the term used to describe the distance from the tip of the electrode to
the base metal and can be varied from lightly touching the metal at an angle
sufficient to maintain an arc to a distance far enough from the base metal to
extinguish the arc.

3. Correct Electrode Angle

The first angle is the one formed between the electrode and the base metal,
called the work angle. The second angle is the angle the electrode is held at
relative to the direction of travel, called the travel angle.

4. Correct Travel Speed

The rate of travel across the joint is controlled by the welder during welding and
greatly affects the appearance and strength characteristics of the weld.

The amount of weld metal deposited (weld deposition rate) and the travel speed
may vary with the type and size of electrode being used. The correct weld speed

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
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Revision No. 2 20 of 48
 will result in a well-formed weld bead that shows good fusion, penetration, and a
gradual transition of weld metal into the corners of the joint.

Since the travel speed is not timed in stick welding, the welder must be able to
read the molten weld pool as the electrode is manipulated across the joint. A
weld speed that is too fast results in a thin stringy weld with poor strength. A
weld bead that is too slow a speed will result in a heavy weld that has too much
convexity.

5. Correct Electrode Size / Selection of Electrode

There are a variety of electrodes available for welding a wide range of metals.
The electrode for a given application must be selected carefully to provide the
strength.

Weld Characteristics
● Electrode position in electrode holder for running a flat weld

1. Position the metal, using clamps if needed.

2. Attach the ground clamp securely.
3. Clamp the electrode in the electrode holder at 90 deg.
4. Keep the electrode and holder clear of the work area and turn the machine
“ON”.
5. Grasp the electrode holder with a comfortable grip (do not hold it too tightly of
your hands will tire quickly).
6. Use two hands whenever possible.

Figure 6. Electrode Position

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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Striking The Arc

● Lower your head shield and strike the arc. There are two methods for striking
the arc, the Scratch Method, and the Tapping Method. The Scratch
Method is recommended

Figure 7. Striking or Brushing Method of Starting the Arc.

Starting The Arc

● Two basic methods are used for starting the arc: the Striking or Brushing
method (fig. 7) and the Tapping method (fig. 8). In either method, the arc is
started by short circuiting the welding current between the electrode and the
work surface. The surge of high current causes the end of the electrode and a
small spot on the base metal beneath the electrode to melt instantly.

Figure 8. Tapping Method

Bead Running Techniques

1. Drag – used with high-deposit, fast-fill electrodes and consists of lightly

dragging the electrode tip along the base metal

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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 2. Weaving – used with all types of electrodes to make fill passes.

Figure 9. Weave Motions Used in Shielded Arc Welding.

Techniques for Using Electrode Angles

For the right-hand welding of flat beads, place the electrode at 90° angle, then lean it
15° to 30° to the right so that it is pointed in the direction of travel, and for left-hand
welding of flat beads, reverse the right-hand procedure.

Figure 10. Electrode Angles for Flat Position

When welding in the horizontal position, angle the electrode 20° to 25° in the
direction of travel.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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 Figure 11. Horizontal Position

When welding in the vertical up position holds the electrode to 10° to15° below
perpendicular and at a 90° angle from the base metal.

Figure 12. Bead Welding in the Vertical Position

When welding in the overhead position holds the electrode perpendicular to the base
metal at 90° and incline it 10° to 15° in the direction of travel.

Figure 13. Welding in Overhead Position

All welding is done in one of four positions: (1) flat, (2) horizontal, (3 vertical, or (4)
overhead. Fillet or groove welds can be made in all these positions. Figure 14 shows
the various positions used in plate welding. The American Welding Society (AWS)
identifies these positions by a number/letter designation; for instance, the 1G
position refers to a groove weld that is to be made in the flat position. Here the 1 is

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
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 used to indicate the flat position
and the G indicates a groove
weld.

Figure 14. Different types of groove

welding positions

Figure 15. Pipe Welding Positions

Industry Requirements

Welding Symbols

Figure 16. Per American Welding Society AWS A2.4 – 1998.

Figure 17. Basic Welding Symbols

Reference Line:

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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A reference line is a horizontal line with all the other required information drawn on or
around it. It must be placed on the drawing near the joint it describes.

Arrow:
The arrow is the other required part of a welding symbol and is placed at one or the
other end of the reference line and connects the reference line to the joint that is to
be welded.
Quite often, there are two sides to the joint to which the arrow points, and therefore
two potential places for a weld. For example, when two steel plates are joined
together into a T shape, welding may be done on either side of the stem of the T.

Figure 18. Application of Arrow Symbol

The weld symbol distinguishes between the two sides of a joint by using the arrow
and the spaces above and below the reference line. The side of the joint to which the
arrow points is known as the arrow side, and its weld is made according to the
instructions given below the reference line. The other side of the joint is known as
the other side, and its weld is made according to the instructions given above the
reference line. The below and above rules apply regardless of the arrow's direction.

Figure 19. Application of Arrow Symbol in Fillet Weld

Each type of weld has its own basic symbol, which is typically placed near the center
of the reference line (and above or below it, depending on which side of the joint it's
on). The symbol is a small drawing that can usually be interpreted as a simplified
cross-section of the weld. In the descriptions below, the symbol is shown in both its
arrow-side and other-side positions.

Fillet Plug
Groove Welds
Weld Weld

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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 Figure 20. Cross-Section Symbol

Weld All Around & Field Weld:

There are two other elements that may be seen on the reference line that provide
information about the weld. One is a circle around the place where the leader line
connects to the reference line and indicates the weld is “all around”. This means the
weld extends all the way around the joint the arrow is pointing at.

Figure 21. All Around Symbol

The all-around element is only used when it is possible to weld all the way around a
single surface (see below).

Figure 22. Application of All Around Symbol

The other element seen on the reference line resembles a flag and is located where
the leader line joins the reference line. This element is called a "field weld" and
means the weld will be done in another location. For instance, this weld may be
applied at the job site not in the shop. Sometimes clarification will be given in the
welding symbol tail or as a specification on the print.

Figure 23. Field Weld Symbol Figure 24. Fillet Weld

Symbol

The fillet weld (pronounced "fill-it") is used to make lap joints, corner joints, and T
joints. As its symbol suggests, the fillet weld is roughly triangular in cross-section,
although its shape is not always a right triangle or an isosceles triangle. Weld metal
is deposited in a corner formed by the fit-up of the two members and penetrates and
fuses with the base metal to form the joint. (Note: for the sake of graphical clarity, the
drawings below do not show the penetration of the weld metal. Recognize, however,
that the degree of penetration is important in determining the quality of the weld.)

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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 Figure 25. Fillet Degree of penetration

The perpendicular (straight up and down) leg of the triangle is always drawn on the
left side of the symbol, regardless of the orientation of the weld itself. The leg size is
written to the left of the weld symbol. If the two legs of the weld are to be the same
size, only one dimension is given; if the weld is to have unequal legs (much less
common than the equal-legged weld), both dimensions are given and there is an
indication on the drawing as to which leg is longer.

The welding symbol above shows that the weld is to be done on the other side and
the thickness of the weld is 5/16.

The Length & Pitch of Intermittent Welds:

An intermittent weld is one that is not continuous across the joint, but rather is a
given length of weld separated by a given space between them. This method of
welding may be used to control heat distortion or where the joint strength
requirements allow. Intermittent welding can save time and money if a long weld is
not necessary.

Used more frequently than the length alone, the length and pitch (length first,
spacing second) are two numbers located at the right of the fillet weld symbol.

The length appears first as before followed by a hyphen then the pitch is shown.

The pitch refers to a dimension from the center of one weld to the center of the next
weld.

Figure 26. Intermittent Weld

Symbol

The pitch is not the space between welds but a measurement from center to center
of the welds. To get the spacing for layout subtract the length of one weld from the
pitch.

The intermittent welds may be chain intermittent or staggered intermittent. Chain

intermittent the welds on both sides of the joint are opposite each other and
resemble a chain. Staggered intermittent the welds on the opposite side are usually

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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started in the gap between the welds on the first side. The welds then appear
staggered.

If the welds are staggered the fillet weld symbol will be staggered on the reference
line.

Figure 27. Length and Pitch Symbol

Contours:
Some welding symbols may show a contour finish those details how the fillet weld
shape must be finished after welding. The contour may be flat or convex (having a
surface that is curved or rounded outward) and the element to describe this is placed
above the slope on the fillet weld symbol. A letter to indicate the method of finish
may be given above the finish element.

Figure 28. Contour Symbols

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
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 SELF-CHECK 1.2

Name: _________________________________________________ Score: ______

Test II. Multiple Choice. Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. The welding current or amperage is essential to producing welds with good
appearance and the required strength characteristics.

A. Correct Arc Length

B. Correct Current Setting
C. Correct Electrode Angle
D. Correct Travel Speed

2. The rate of travel across the joint is controlled by the welder during welding and
greatly affects the appearance and strength characteristics of the weld.

A. Correct Arc Length

B. Correct Current Setting
C. Correct Electrode Angle
D. Correct Travel Speed

3. There are a variety of electrodes available for welding a wide range of metals.

A. Correct Arc Length

B. Correct Electrode Size / Selection of Electrode
C. Correct Electrode Angle
D. Correct Travel Speed

4. In the Shielded Metal Arc Welding (STICK) process there are two electrode angles
that the welder must control.

A. Correct Arc Length

B. Correct Electrode Size / Selection of Electrode
C. Correct Electrode Angle
D. Correct Travel Speed

5. Two basic methods are used for starting the arc

A. Striking and Tapping

B. Striking and Brushing
C. Scratch and Brushing
D. Scratch and Trapping

6. Used with high-deposit, fast-fill electrodes and consists of lightly dragging the
electrode tip along the base metal.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
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 A. Weaving
B. Brushing
C. Striking
D. Drag

7. the other required part of a welding symbol and is placed at one or the other end
of the reference line and connects the reference line to the joint that is to be welded.

A. Weld All Around & Field Weld

B. Arrow
C. The Length & Pitch of Intermittent Welds
D. Contours

8. May be flat or convex (having a surface that is curved or rounded outward) and
the element to describe this is placed above the slope on the fillet weld symbol.

A. Weld All Around & Field Weld

B. Arrow
C. The Length & Pitch of Intermittent Welds
D. Contours

9. A line is a horizontal line with all the other required information drawn on or around
it.

A. Weld All Around & Field Weld

B. Reference Line
C. The Length & Pitch of Intermittent Welds
D. Contours

10. The position refers to a groove weld that is to be made in the flat position.
A. 1G
B. 2G
C. 3G
D. 4G

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
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 ANSWER KEY 1.2

1. B. Correct Current Setting

2. D. Correct Travel Speed

3. B. Correct Electrode Size / Selection of Electrode

4. C. Correct Electrode Angle

5. A. Striking and Tapping

6. D. Drag

7. B. Arrow

8. D. Contours

9. B. Reference Line

10. A. 1G

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
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 Information Sheet 1.3
Welding Visual Defects

Learning Outcome 1: Perform Root Pass

Performance Criteria 1.3: Checking weld for visual defects and repaired, as
required
Learning Objectives:
Weld defects, causes and remedies

WELDING DEFECTS

Common Weld Problems, Defects, Distortion and Discontinuities

● A weld defect is any physical characteristic in the completed weld that

reduces the
● strength and/or affects the appearance of the weld.
● The mark of a good welder is the ability to identify weld defects and adjust the
welding parameters to eliminate them.
● Defects that are not visible must be detecting by using destructive or
nondestructive testing.
● If the defects in a weld exceed the specifications; the weld must be removed
and redone.
● Welds are removed by grinding, gouging, and cutting.
● Eliminating a weld defect is time consuming and expensive -- you must be
able to
● complete the weld correctly the first time.

Porosity

Figure 29. Porosity Causes and Corrective Actions

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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Excessive Spatter

Figure 30. Excessive Spatter Causes and Corrective Actions

Incomplete Fusion

Figure 31. Incomplete Fusion Causes and Corrective Actions

Lack of Penetration

Figure 32. Lack of Penetration Causes and Corrective Actions

Excessive Penetration

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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 Figure 33. Excessive Penetration Causes and Corrective Actions

Burn-Through

Figure 34. Burn-Through Causes and Corrective Actions

Waviness of Bead

Figure 35. Waviness of Bead Causes and Corrective Actions

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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Distortion

Figure 36. Distortion Causes and Corrective Actions

SELF-CHECK 1.3

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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Name: _________________________________________________ Score: ______

Test III. Enumeration.

1-5 Give at least 5 types of welding defects
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6-10 Give at least 5 possible causes of the given weld defects
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11-15 Give at least 5 possible corrective actions of the given possible causes.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

ANSWER KEY 1.3

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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1-5 Give at least 5 types of welding defects
● Porosity
● Excessive Spatter
● Lack of Penetration
● Burn - through
● Distortion
● Incomplete Fusion
● Excessive Penetration

6-10 Give at least 5 possible causes of the given weld defects

● Porosity = Arc length too long, Work piece dirty, Damp electrode
● Excessive Spatter = Amperage too high for electrode, Arc length too long
or voltage too high.
● Lack of Penetration = Improper joint penetration, Improper weld
technique, Insufficient heat input.
● Burn – through = Excessive heat input
● Distortion = Excessive heat input
● Incomplete Fusion = Insufficient heat input, Improper welding technique,
Work piece dirty.
● Excessive Penetration = Excessive heat input, Improper weld technique.

11-15 Give at least 5 possible corrective actions of the given possible causes.
● Porosity
o Arc length too long - Reduce arc length
o Work piece dirty - Remove all grease, oil, rust, paint, coating, slag &
dirt from work surface before welding.
o Damp electrode - Use dry electrode
● Excessive Spatter
o Amperage too high for electrode - Decrease amperage or select larger
electrode
o Arc length too long or voltage too high - Reduce arc length or voltage
● Lack of Penetration
o Improper joint penetration - Material too thick joint penetration & design
must provide access to bottom of groove
o Improper weld technique - Keep arc on leading of weld puddle, Reduce
travel speed
o Insufficient heat input - Increase amperage, Select larger electrode &
increase amperage
● Burn – through
o Excessive heat input - Select lower amperage. Use smaller electrode,
Increase / or maintain steady travel speed
● Distortion
o Excessive heat input - Use restraint clamp to hold base metal in
position, make tack weld along joint before starting weld operations,
predict anticipated weld distortion & pre camber base metal, Select

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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 lower amperage for electrode, Increase travel speed, Weld in small
segments & allow cooling between welds
● Incomplete Fusion
o Insufficient heat input - Increase amperage. Select larger electrode &
increase amperage
o Improper welding technique - Place stringer bead in proper locations at
joint during welding, adjust work angle or widen groove to access
bottom during welding, momentarily hold arc on groove side walls
when using weaving technique, Keep arc on leading edge of weld
puddle.
o Work piece dirty - Remove all grease, oil, rust, paint, coating, slag &
dirt from work surface before welding
● Excessive Penetration
o Excessive heat input - Select lower amperage
o Improper weld technique - Adjust travel speed

Information Sheet 1.4

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
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 Codes and Standard for SMAW

Learning Outcome 1: Perform Root Pass

Performance Criteria 1.4: Checking weld if visually acceptable in accordance
with applicable codes and standards
Learning Objectives:
Acceptable weld profiles
International welding codes and standards

Acceptable Weld
Defined as a weld that meets the applicable requirements. The requirements for an
acceptable weld depend on:

● The type of welding being done.

● The material being used.
● The environment in which the welding is taking place.
● and the purpose of the weld

For instance, a weld that can hold two pieces of metal together in a production
setting might not be able to hold two components of a car frame together in the event
of an accident. Similar to this, a weld that works well in an outdoor environment
could not work well underwater.

Acceptable Fillet Weld

A joining of two components, either internally or externally, where the weld profile
has a triangle cross-section. Due to its resemblance to a fish in shape, the phrase
"fillet weld" comes from the Latin word for "small fish."

Acceptable Weld Profiles

The root face of the weld must be flush with or below the original surface of the
members being joined. The weld bead must be continuous and free of cracks, voids,
or other defects. The welding current must be within the range specified by the
manufacturer of the welding machine.

It's crucial to use the right tools and observe all safety precautions when welding.
Additionally, it's crucial to guarantee that the location where you're welding is tidy
and debris-free. Additionally, it's critical to adhere to the precise requirements for the
sort of welding you're performing, the materials you're using, and the welding
environment to produce an appropriate weld.

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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 Figure 35. Acceptable and Unacceptable Weld Profiles

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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INTERNATIONAL WELDING CODES

Each section prescribes the minimum requirements for the design, materials,
fabrication, erection, testing and inspection of a particular type of piping system. Both
of these documents are American National Standards

The American Society of Mechanical Engineers is an American professional

association that, in its own words, "promotes the art, science, and practice of
multidisciplinary engineering and allied sciences.

American Welding Society (AWS) Standards. The American Welding Society

(AWS) publishes over 241 AWS-developed codes, recommended practices and
guides which are written in accordance with American National Standards
Institute (ANSI) practices.

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

Specification for carbon steel electrodes and rods for gas
AWS A5.18
shielded arc welding
AWS B1.10 Guide for the non-destructive examination of welds
Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance
AWS B2.1
Qualification
AWS D1.1 Structural welding (steel)

American Petroleum Institute (API) has been the leader in developing equipment
and operating standards for the oil and natural gas industry.

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

API RP 577 Welding Inspection and Metallurgy
Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas
API RP 582
Industries
API 1104 Welding of pipelines and related facilities

Australian / New Zealand (AS/NZS) Standards. Standards Australia is the body

responsible for the development, maintenance and publication of Australian
Standards. The following is a partial list specific to welding: Standard Number.
Description.

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

AS/NZS 1554.7 Structural steel welding - Welding of sheet steel structures
AS/NZS 3992 Pressure equipment - Welding and brazing qualification
Welding consumables - Covered electrodes for manual
AS/NZS 4855
metal arc welding

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

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Developed by:
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Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 42 of 48
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) is a company level certification based on
the standard developed and published by the titled "Certification of companies for
fusion welding of steel.

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

W48-14 Filler metals and allied materials for metal arc welding
Certification of companies for resistance welding of steel
W55.3-08 (R2013)
and aluminum
W59-13 Welded steel construction (metal arc welding)
W59.2-M1991
Welded Aluminum Construction
(R2013)

British Standard BSI welding standards cover specifications, procedures and tests
for use by welders, quality controllers and manufacturers. The safety, reliability and
cost effectiveness of welded products requires the welds to be of adequate quality

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

Welding terms and symbols. European arc welding symbols in
BS 499-2C
chart form
Specification for Class I arc welding of ferritic steel pipework
BS 2633
for carrying fluids
Specification for class II arc welding of carbon steel pipework
BS 2971
for carrying fluids

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to promote by all

appropriate means the organization of national welding institutes or associations in
countries where these do not exist

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

Welds. Working positions. Definitions of angles of slope and
ISO 6947
rotation
ISO 9606 Qualification test of welders — Fusion welding, parts 1 to 5

European Federation for Welding, Joining and Cutting (EWF) is an organization

dedicated to education, training, qualification and certification in the field
of welding and related technologies.

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

Specification for carbon steel electrodes and rods for gas
AWS A5.18
shielded arc welding
AWS B1.10 Guide for the non-destructive examination of welds
Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance
AWS B2.1
Qualification
AWS D1.1 Structural welding (steel)

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 43 of 48
Deutsches Institut Fur Normung (DIN), the German national organization for
Standardization, develops norms and standards as a service to industry, the state
and society. By agreement with the German Federal Government, DIN is the
acknowledged national standards body that represents German interests in
European and international standards organizations.

STANDARD N0. DESCRIPTION

Specification for carbon steel electrodes and rods for gas
AWS A5.18
shielded arc welding
AWS B1.10 Guide for the non-destructive examination of welds
Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance
AWS B2.1
Qualification
AWS D1.1 Structural welding (steel)

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 44 of 48
 SELF – CHECK 1.4

Name: _________________________________________________ Score: ______

Test IV. Matching Type. Match the correct definition of items from column A to
column B. Write the correct letter on the given space in Column A.

Column A Column B

_____1. AWS A5.18 A. Structural welding (steel)

_____2. AWS B2.1 B. Pressure equipment - Welding and

brazing qualification

_____3. ISO 6947 C. Specification for Class I arc welding of

ferritic steel pipework for carrying fluids

_____4. BS 2633 D. Certification of companies for resistance

welding of steel and aluminum

_____5. W55.3-08 (R2013) E. Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil,

and Gas Industries

_____6. AS/NZS 3992 F. Specification for Welding Procedure and

Performance Qualification

_____7. API RP 582 G. Specification for carbon steel electrodes

and rods for gas shielded arc welding

_____8. AWS B1.10 H. Welded Aluminum Construction

_____9. AWS D1.1 I. Welds. Working positions. Definitions of

angles of slope and rotation

_____10. W59.2-M1991 (R2013) J. Guide for the non-destructive

examination
of welds

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 45 of 48
 ANSWER KEY 1.4

1. G. Specification for carbon steel electrodes and rods for gas shielded arc welding

2. F. Specification for Welding Procedure and Performance Qualification

3. I. Welds. Working positions. Definitions of angles of slope and rotation

4. C. Specification for Class I arc welding of ferritic steel pipework for carrying fluids

5. D. Certification of companies for resistance welding of steel and aluminum

6. B. Pressure equipment - Welding and brazing qualification

7. E. Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil, and Gas Industries

8. J. Guide for the non-destructive examination of welds

9. A. Structural welding (steel)

10. H. Welded Aluminum Construction

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 46 of 48
 JOB SHEET 1.1
TITLE: Performing Root Pass (1G)
PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE:
Given the Carbon Steel Plate, you should be able to weld root pass using a
stringer bead in flat position (groove weld). Root pass must be performed in
accordance with WPS and/or client specifications. Weld will be visually check for
defects and repaired, if required.
SUPPLIES/MATERIALS:
1. Electrode E6011
2. Carbon Steel Plate
3. Grinding Stone/Cutting Disc
EQUIPMENT:
1. Stick Welding Machine and Accessories
2. Personal Protective Equipment (P.P.E.)
3. Grinder
4. Cleaning tools
STEPS/PROCEDURES:
a. Prepare the work area so that everything is ready and convenient before you
start.
b. Make a final check to see that flammable materials are far away, and
unnecessary tools are not scattered around the welding booth
c. Be sure that the machine is turned off.
d. Set the machine to the desired amperage.
e. Insert the bare end of the electrode in the electrode holder and hold the end of
the electrode about 1 inch above the metal at the point where the weld is to be
started.
f. Turn the welder on and tack your workpiece to the desired height and position.
g. Position your body comfortably and try to relax.
h. Preheat the electrode by striking an arc.
i. Lower the electrode to the correct arc length. Start the root pass using stringer
bead. Try not to stick the electrode to the base metal. Always remember that
there should be a keyhole while welding to have good root penetration.
j. After using the first electrode, visually check the penetration. You can clean your
bead using a chipping hammer and a steel brush.
k. If the penetration is good, you can make another root pass to complete the weld
area. If the penetration is not visually acceptable you must repair, it and do
rewelding as required.
l. If you have finished the root pass. Clean properly the weld area from slag and
spatters.
m.Put your name on the workpiece using metal chalk and let the trainer check your
work.
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
- Demonstration
- Observation

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 47 of 48
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1

CRITERIA
Did you…. YES NO
1. Performed root pass in accordance with WPS and/or
client specifications?
2. Performed tasks in accordance with company or
industry requirement and safety procedure.
3. Clean and free root pass from defects and
discontinuities?
4. Performed tasks in accordance with approved WPS?
5. Performed subsequent/ filling passes in accordance
with approved WPS?
6. Performed capping in accordance with WPS and/or
client specifications?
7. Visually checked weld for defects and repaired, as
required?
8. Check if the weld is visually acceptable in accordance
with applicable codes and standards?

Date Developed: Document No. MEE721306

SHIELDED METAL ARC June 22, 2022
WELDING (SMAW) NC II Issued by: IIHC
Weld Carbon Steel Plates & Pipes Using Page
Developed by:
SMAW
Anthony F. Molacruz
Revision No. 2 48 of 48